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Abstract  In total hip arthroplasty, a straight stem seems to provide better results than an anatomic one. A new generation of anatomic stems is under evaluation, so the follow-up is still short and cannot compare with studies of straight stems. The clinical and radiographic results of 176 patients who underwent 189 primary total hip arthroplasties using an anatomic, collared, proximally hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated femoral component were prospectively determined from 1 to 6 years follow-up. The stem is ribbed in the metaphyseal region, allowing to decrease the elasticity modulus, to augment the surface for bone ingrowth and to preserve the space needed for the circulation of the inner half side of the corticalis. The average postoperative Harris hip score was 96.7 points. All femoral components had radiographic evidence of bone ingrowth fixation at the final follow-up. There were no cases of loosening for any reason. The strength of the study is limited by the short follow-up, but our preliminary excellent clinical results with stable bone ingrowth fixation allow us to continue to use this stem following patients over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implant loosening and osteolysis can be associated with massive bone loss. Since the structural quality of bone is difficult to assess accurately with any type of preoperative study, the surgeon needs to be ready to alter the course of the operation based on the circumstances found during surgery and must be prepared with a variety of implants and techniques. We reviewed the results of 88 acetabular revisions performed with the Sph acetabular revision system (Lima-Lto, Italy). This system allows us to choose, during the operation without changing the instrument set, between a hemispherical porous-coated cup, a winged reconstruction ring with an uncemented inner module and a bilobed cup. We implanted 31 Contact, 39 Bicomponente and 18 Bilobo cup implants. Eighty-four of the 86 cases (97.7%) were considered clinically successful at the short-term follow-up (average, 30 months; maximum, 68 months) with stable fixation and reconstruction of periacetabular bone. These encouraging short-term results confirm the importance of an appropriate technique depending on the type of bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neck and back pain afflicts millions of people. Magnetotherapy has shown to have anti-inflammatory effects that could act on pain generation, but the literature lacks provide a precise therapeutic protocol., Methods: A high-intensity electromagnetic field with a dedicated applicator was administered to 38 patients with low-back pain and 30 patients with neck pain. The device provides 60 mT and a frequency of 50 Hz for 30 minutes, the session was repeated 4 times., Results: The mean VAS of the low-back pain group decreased from 6.56 to 4.54, with a significant reduction of 30.8%. The mean VAS of the neck pain group decreased from 6.51 to 1.96, with a significant reduction of 69.9%., Discussion: The treatment used showed good results in both groups of the patient, without side effects. The therapeutic protocol adopted is safe, provide rapid relief from the pain and is not time demanding. This treatment could represent an effective non-pharmacologic physical therapy option in the treatment of low-back pain and cervical pain., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: SC has interest unrelated to this work: he is an educational consultant for Zimmer-Biomet and the authors have also no other competing interests to declare., (© 2022 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.)

Introduction: Intra-articular (i.a.) hyaluronic acid is an accepted conservative therapy for knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a single i.a. injection of an innovative formulation of sodium hyaluronate 2.4% plus sodium chondroitin non-sulphated 1.6% of biotechnological origin (HA-SC) for the treatment of patients with radiographically confirmed symptomatic hip OA and moderate-to-severe pain., Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, pilot study, HA-SC was administered using a standard ultrasound-guided procedure. Adverse events, global/local evaluation of tolerability, and use of rescue analgesics were recorded. Efficacy endpoints included visual analogue scale (VAS) measurement of hip pain, changes in Lequesne's algofunctional Index, and assessment of global status., Results: Treatment was well tolerated; adverse device events of moderate-to-severe intensity, most commonly, injection site pain/localized arthralgia occurred in 20.8% of subjects. Global evaluation of tolerability was rated as excellent or good (75.0%), fair (16.7%), and poor (8.3%) by subjects and 77.1, 14.6, and 8.3%, respectively, by investigators. There was a rapid and significant decrease in hip pain after a single injection; VAS pain score decreased from a mean of 67.5 mm at baseline to 29.3 mm by day 7, with the effects sustained during 6 months of follow-up (P < 0.0001). There were significant improvements in Lequesne's Index for hip OA total scores at all time points during follow-up (P < 0.0001). The majority of subjects reported 'Very much improved' or 'Slightly improved' global improvement at any time point. Use of rescue paracetamol was generally low., Conclusions: A single i.a. injection of an innovative HA-SC formulation was well tolerated, safe, and effective in the treatment of symptomatic hip OA.

Aim To evaluate the efficacy of systemic plus local tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing post-operative bleeding, haemoglobin loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods All patients undergoing TKA between January 2017 and September 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Exclusion criteria were cardiovascular comorbidities, diabetes and the assumption of any anticoagulant/antiaggregant therapy in the pre-operative period. All patients received the same prosthesis with the same surgical technique and were operated on by the same surgeon. Twenty patients were found (group A) that received intra-operative TXA (20 mg/kg intravenous 10 minutes before deflating tourniquet and 1g intra-articular after capsular suture). A control group of 26 patients not receiving TXA was matched for demographics (group B). Results Two (10%) patients in group A and 16 (61.5%) in group B needed ABT in the post-operative period (p=0.0004). Each patient in group A received 2 red blood cells (RBCs) units, while in group B 2 patients received one RBCs unit and one patient 4 RBCs units, for a total of 4 and 32 RBCs units in group A and B, respectively (p=0.0006). The minimum haemoglobin level was observed at 48 hours post-operatively in both groups: mean decrease was 3.54 and 4.64 g/dL in group A and B, respectively (p=0.0126). Conclusion The association of systemic and local TXA administration seems to significantly reduce post-operative bleeding and the need for RBCs transfusions after TKA in patients not assuming any anticoagulant / antiaggregant therapy and without cardiovascular and diabetic morbidities., (Copyright© by the Medical Assotiation of Zenica-Doboj Canton.)

The direct anterior approach to the hip is judged to be difficult and even after many solutions, such as special operating tables, have been proposed to perform it, in some reports the complication rate remains high. The complications reported are nerve lesions, dislocation, muscles damages, intraoperative fractures. We describe a modification of the anterior approach, undertaken keeping the patient in lateral decubitus, in order to gain a better range of leg movement and a significant reduction of the force applied to the retractors, the technique was named ALDI (anterior lateral decubitus intermuscular) approach. The surgeon starts behind the patient as in all the other traditional approaches, to maintain unchanged the acetabular view and the dexterity in cup implantation. For the femoral preparation, he moves in front of the patient to have a better visualization. In a series of 150 patients, with a mean operative time of 51.38minutes (range, 40-112), we had no intraoperative fractures, one (0.6%) lateral femoral cutaneous nerve temporary neurapraxia, one (0.8%) posttraumatic dislocation four years after the operation and, no revisions for aseptic loosening or infection. At the 5 years follow-up, the mean Oxford Hip score was 45.2 (range, 38-48; SD 2.6), the mean Harris Hip Score was 96,7 (range, 76-100; SD 2.8), and the mean UCLA score was 7 (range, 5-10; SD 1.4). The possibility to always obtain the optimal position of the surgical window with reduced tension on the muscles, and the unchanged initial surgeon position, could make the ALDI approach the ideal technique for the surgeons that decide to perform an anterior approach., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The biceps brachii lesion needs to be treated surgically. A modified two incisions technique is proposed and reviewed. Material and Methods: All patients were treated with the same technique. The outcomes were measured with the Quick-DASH Score (QDS), and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). Postoperative complications and distal biceps tendon strength were registered also., Results: At one year from the trauma, the QDS and the MEPS were excellent in all patients. 72.97% fully recovered and returned to work after 6 months from the trauma., Discussion: This technique, thanks to its preservation of anatomical structures, provides great outcomes.

Introduction: Horse racing is a hazardous sport. We analyzed the incidence and characteristics of jockey injuries in a typical horse race., Methods: We analyzed all injuries sustained by 224 jockeys in the last 72 years., Results: It was found that in 96.1% of the races there was at least one fall and in 28.6% of the races 50% or more of the jockeys fell. In 43.4% of the falls, the jockey was taken to the emergency room. Comparing the Palio with traditional races in other countries, a higher injury incidence rate was observed for every 100 falls (109.884 vs 27-59) and a lower concussion rate/100 falls (0.97 vs 1.8-7.4)., Conclusion: The Palio is one of the most threatening races that continues today. Jockeys are at greater risk for a fall than any other race in the world., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in Injury, 50(2) 2019 365–368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.014. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Context: Vulvodynia is defined as a chronic vulvar pain non-associated with infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic or hormonal disorders., Objectives: To present a case demonstrating the difficulty in assessing concomitant disease in vulvodynia., Methods: A 26-year-old woman, presented with persistent vulvodynia. She received oral and topical medications and behavioural interventions to lessen sexual pain and restore sexuality. As sexual pain decreased, the patient reported symptoms previously not mentioned: continuous, intense periclitoral pain and numbness at the perineum when sitting for a long time. These new symptoms suggest the involvement of the peripheral neural system. The physical evaluation confirmed right-side pelvic distortion, and pathological increase in lumbar lordosis, which caused neuralgia radiating to the external genitalia and perineum, and overlapping with sexual pain. After diagnosing pudendal neuralgia according to the Nantes criteria, physical treatment and relaxation exercises to de-contract the spine were added to the vulvodynia regimen., Results: During treatment, vulvodynia was sometimes present but never unbearable, allowing satisfactory sex. With physical therapy, the symptoms of pudendal neuralgia decreased., Conclusion: Differentiating the presence of two conditions with overlapping symptoms is difficult because the vestibular pain had shadowed pudendal neuralgia symptoms at initial assessment. Syndromes of chronic pain tend to associate with each other and one syndrome may shadow symptoms of the concomitant condition affecting adjacent anatomical areas. Only the accurate identification of all the syndromes involved allows adopting the correct treatment., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Background: Healing of tibia fractures occurs over a wide time range of months, with a number of risk factors contributing to prolonged healing. In this prospective, multicentre, observational study, we investigated the capability of FRACTING (tibia FRACTure prediction healING days) score, calculated soon after tibia fracture treatment, to predict healing time., Methods: The study included 363 patients. Information on patient health, fracture morphology, and surgical treatment adopted were combined to calculate the FRACTING score. Fractures were considered healed when the patient was able to fully weight-bear without pain., Results: 319 fractures (88%) healed within 12 months from treatment. Forty-four fractures healed after 12 months or underwent a second surgery. FRACTING score positively correlated with days to healing: r = 0.63 ( p < 0.0001). Average score value was 7.3 ± 2.5; ROC analysis showed strong reliability of the score in separating patients healing before versus after 6 months: AUC = 0.823., Conclusions: This study shows that the FRACTING score can be employed both to predict months needed for fracture healing and to identify immediately after treatment patients at risk of prolonged healing. In patients with high score values, new pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments to enhance osteogenesis could be tested selectively, which may finally result in reduced disability time and health cost savings.

Introduction: This case report describes the management and the possible therapeutic solutions for the treatment of femoral bone loss associated with an open fracture IIIB Gustilo Andersonin a polytrauma that includes floating knee (GF) Fraser IIB from damage control orthopedics to final treatment., Case Report: The patient was treated with an external fixator femorotibial bridge after extensive cleaning and debridement of open fractures. After 17-day post-trauma, we substitute the fixator with a less invasive stabilization system plate and screws with contralateral allograft bone strut.3months after the first surgery, the patient underwent surgery for the intramedullary nailing of the tibia. The follow-up was clinical using the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), short form 12 health survey (SF-12) for quality of life, and radiological at 1-3-6-12-18-24-36 months. The patient walked with partial load up until the 6months after injury and then began a progression to a total load. At 24-months post surgery, the patient had both the KOOS and SF-12 at 100 points., Conclusion: Not all Fraser IIB are equal, the timing of treatment should be discussed case by case. The surgical sequence should be respected: First, the fixation of the femur, and then, the stabilization of the tibia, taking into account the condition of the skin, eventual exposure or the eventual level of sub-amputation of the limb. The clinical and radiographic results show how efficient damage can lay the foundations for an excellent definitive treatment., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: Nil

Purpose  This study aims to analyze the risk factors and type of injuries occurring in Taekwondo athletes participating in a national competition. Methods  Out of the 127 competitors, 18 athletes got injured during a Taekwondo championship who were analyzed for the following parameters: modality of training; age, weight; belt color; and the type of injury. Results  Around 89% of the injuries were due to bruising and were found mainly on the lower limbs (61%) during the elimination rounds and during the first match of the day. The higher probability of injury was in the second round (56%), and during the first match of the day (72%). Nearly all the athletes were able to complete the game in which they were injured (83%). Comparing the average age of the athletes suffering an injury (23.6 ± 2.06 years) with their average years of training (8.4 ± 7.05 years) it can be noted that these athletes began this discipline rather late. The more is the training age and the weekly hours of training, the more are the numbers of matches completed, even as injured. Beginners with a low-level belt suffered more injuries than the experienced subjects did. Conclusion  The following risk factors for injury were found: starting to practice in late age, weekly training sessions with a few number of hours, male sex, low-level belt, elimination rounds, the first match of the day, and second round. Level of Evidence  Level III, observational analytic study without a control group.

Background: The three-point orthosis is the most commonly used brace in the conservative treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The Spinomed ® dynamic orthosis represents an alternative., Aims: We compared efficacy and safety of these two types of brace in treating osteoporotic vertebral fractures., Methods: One hundred forty patients, aged 65-93 years, sustaining osteoporotic vertebral fracture were consecutively recruited and divided into two groups, and treated with either three-point orthosis or dynamic corset. Patients were evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, and measurement of forced expiratory volume in the first second. Regional kyphosis angle, Delmas Index, and height of the fractured vertebral body were also measured on full-spine X-rays. Follow-up intervals were 1, 3, and 6 months after trauma. The complications encountered during the 6-month follow-up were recorded., Results: At the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in pain, disability, and respiration in favor of the dynamic orthosis group. At 6-month follow-up, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in all the radiological parameters between groups. Complications were reported for 28 patients in the three-point orthosis group, and for eight patients in the dynamic corset group (p < 0.05)., Discussion: Biofeedback activation of back muscles is probably a key factor in improving functional outcome with dynamic orthosis., Conclusions: Compared to three-point orthosis, patients treated with dynamic orthosis had a greater reduction in pain and a greater improvement in quality of life and respiratory function, with equal effectiveness in stabilizing the fracture, and fewer complications.

Introduction . The periprosthetic fracture of the femur is, in order of frequency, the fourth leading cause (5.9%) of surgical revision. Our study aims to demonstrate how the grafting of bone splint betters the outcomes. Materials . We treated 15 periprosthetic femoral fractures divided into two groups: PS composed of 8 patients treated with plates and splints and PSS involving 7 patients treated only with plates. The evaluation criteria for the two groups during the clinical and radiological follow-up were the quality of life measured by the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), Harris Hip Score (HHS), Modified Cincinnati Rating System Questionnaire (MCRSQ), bone healing measured by the Radiographic Union Score (RUS), postoperative complications, and mortality. The evaluation endpoint was set at 24 months for both groups ( p < 0.05). Results . The surgery lasted an average of 124.5 minutes for the PS group and 112.6 minutes for the PSS. At 24 months all clinical and radiographic scores were p < 0.05 for the PS group. During follow-up 4 patients (2 in each group) died of causes not related to surgery. Conclusions . The use of the metal plate as opposed to cortical allogenic splint should be taken into consideration as a noteworthy point for periprosthetic femoral fractures., Competing Interests: All authors disclose no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding.

The application of porous hydroxyapatite (HAp)-collagen as a bone tissue engineering scaffold represents a new trend of mimicking the specific bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The use of HAp in reconstructive surgery has shown that it is slowly invaded by host tissue. Therefore, implant compatibility may be augmented by seeding cells before implantation. Human primary osteoblasts were seeded onto innovative collagen-gelatin-genipin (GP)-HAp scaffolds containing respectively 10%, 20%, and 30% HAp. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OC) expressions were evaluated after 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. The three types of scaffolds showed increased cellular proliferation over time in culture (maximum at 21 days) but the highest was recorded in 10% HAp scaffolds. ALP activity was the highest in 10% HAp scaffolds in all the times of evaluation. OC and OPN resulted in higher concentration in 10% HAp scaffolds compared to 20% and 30% HAp (maximum at 21 days). Finally, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed progressive scaffolds adhesion and colonization from the surface to the inside from day 3 to day 21. In vitro attachment, proliferation, and colonization of human primary osteoblasts on collagen-GP-HAp scaffolds with different percentages of HAp (10%, 20%, and 30%) all increased over time in culture, but comparing different percentages of HAp, they seem to increase with decreasing of HAp component. Therefore, the mechanical properties (such as the stiffness due to the HAp%) coupled with a good biomimetic component (collagen) are the parameters to set up in composite scaffolds design for bone tissue engineering., (Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: The sensitivity and the specificity of different methods to detect periprosthetic infection have been questioned. The current study aimed to investigate the kinetics of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in patients undergoing uncomplicated elective total hip arthroplasty (THA), to provide a better interpretation of their levels in noninfectious inflammatory reaction., Methods: A total of 51 patients were included. Serum CRP and PCT concentrations were obtained before surgery, on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days and after discharge on the 14th and 30th days and at 2 years., Results: Both markers were confirmed to increase after surgery. The serum CRP showed a marked increase on the 3rd postoperative day while the peak of serum PCT was earlier, even if much lower, on the first day. Then, they declined slowly approaching the baseline values by the second postoperative week. PCT mean values never exceed concentrations typically related to bacterial infections., Conclusions: CRP is very sensitive to inflammation. It could be the routine screening test in the follow-up of THA orthopaedic patients, but it should be complemented by PCT when there is the clinical suspicion of periprosthetic infection.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been indicated as the surgical intervention with greatest improvement in pain and physical function. However some patients continue to experience hip pain after elective surgery. We investigate prognostic factors that negatively affect treatment effectiveness and the patient outcome. The "hip region" constitutes the groin, buttock, upper lateral thigh, greater trochanteric area, and the iliac crest. Pain originating from various sources and not directly linked to prosthesis may be perceived here and includes the lumbosacral spine, referred pain from abdominal organs and soft tissue sources such as trochanteric bursitis, tendinitis, hip abductor dysfunction, and inguinal hernia. An accurate assessment of the pain cause is extremely difficult to construct and a complete differential diagnosis is fundamental. We assess all the possible causes of hip pain after THA and we divide them depending on the presence or absence of radiographic signs.

We present the case of a 78 year-old man who developed a spontaneous rupture of the lumbar artery leading to a retroperitoneal hematoma while receiving fondaparinux therapy after a total hip replacement. A selective angiographic embolization stopped the bleeding. Fondaparinux was discontinuated and the patient presented a complete resolution of his medical status. Spontaneous hematomas has been well described during low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment, expecially in elderly patients, but there are no previous reports of hematomas induced by fondaparinux. We reviewed the literature to identify the possible risk-factors of bleeding. Our review shows that even if many works suggest that fondaparinux is a safe and effective alternative to LMWH in the prevention of venous thromboembolism following major orthopaedic surgery, it should carefully be used in elderly people and patients with renal disfunction.

Background and Aim of the Work: The purpose of this prospective study was to give a customized guide, describing the hospitalization period and the postoperative exercise program, to patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to show its effectiveness on functional recovery and on patient's satisfaction with the rehabilitation care and with the in-hospital discharge planning after surgery., Methods: This trial included 365 consecutive subjects with osteoarthritis who underwent THA at the Orthopaedic and Traumatology Clinic of Siena (Italy). The Harris Hip Score (HHS), a disease specific measure, was determined before and after surgery. Postoperative evaluations, associated with a Satisfaction Questionnaire, were carried out at the time of discharge and after 3 months., Results: The overall satisfaction level was very high, both at discharge (81+/-28) and at follow-up (90+/-17). The HHS results showed a significant (p< or =0.05) improvement over time in patients with higher scores 3 months after surgery in comparison with baseline., Conclusions: Patients reported high levels of satisfaction at the 3 month postoperative follow-up and good levels at discharge. After surgery, the highest improvements were shown in bodly pain and physical function scores. The current study showed that a customized guide was well accepted by patients with THA and satisfie their need of information. It was also effective in improving patient's satisfaction and early recovery of physical function after surgery.

Metallosis is usually defined as aseptic fibrosis, local necrosis, or loosening of a device secondary to metallic corrosion and release of wear debris. It is an occasional but characteristic clinical finding in patients who have a metal-on-metal design of total hip replacement, or when metal surfaces contact after a failure or erosion of the polyethylene component. We report the case of a patient who had severe metallosis caused by wear of the femoral head with the titanium socket, after the complete erosion and destruction of the polyethylene cup, with failure of the accetabular component. Breakage of the acetabular cup constitutes one of the possible long-term complications occurring as a result of a total hip replacement. This extremely rare complication can occur at any time postoperatively and may not be associated with symptoms or other problems for a long time.