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Zusammenfassung. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt eine neu konstruierte bereichsspezifische Skala zur Erfassung arbeitsbezogener kollektiver Wirksamkeitserwartungen vor. Das Konstrukt der arbeitsbezogenen kollektiven Wirksamkeitserwartung beschreibt die subjektive Gewissheit, unerwartete und schwierige Anforderungssituationen bei der Arbeit aufgrund gemeinsamer Kompetenzen einer Gruppe bewältigen zu können. Die Acht-Item-Skala wurde ausgehend von der kollektiven Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung für Lehrer ( Schwarzer & Schmitz, 1999 ) spezifisch für die arbeitsbezogene Kooperation im Rahmen einer Untersuchung zur Wissenskooperation entwickelt. Zur Untersuchung der teststatistischen Kennwerte und Validität diente eine Quasi-Längsschnittstudie mit einer Vollerhebung bei den Mitarbeitern eines mittelständischen schweizerischen Industriebetriebs (N = 101) (Studie 1). Die Ergebnisse wurden 2 Jahre später an derselben Stichprobe (N = 93) überprüft (Studie 2). Die neue Skala erwies sich zu beiden Messzeitpunkten als homogen und reliabel. Die konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse ergab eine eindimensionale Lösung mit durchweg signifikanten Regressionsgewichten für beide Messzeitpunkte. Eine zusätzliche einfaktorielle Hauptkomponentenanalyse ergibt für Studie 1 und Studie 2 ebenfalls einen Faktor, der 41 % der Varianz aufklärt. Es wird auf die Bedeutung der arbeitsbezogenen kollektiven Wirksamkeitserwartung für wissensintensive Arbeitstätigkeiten bei der Wissenskooperation und beim Wissensmanagement in Unternehmen eingegangen.

PURPOSE: Relationships between sociodemographic and health plan characteristics and health plan member satisfaction with prescription drug benefits were studied. METHODS: A survey was mailed in November 2002 to a stratified random sample of 14,141 people covered by a pharmacy benefit management company (PBM) who had made at least one prescription drug claim during the second quarter of 2002. Survey recipients had commercial health insurance and were 19-64 years of age. Participants were stratified by drug benefit plan design (two-tier copayment system, three-tier copayment system, coinsurance, or closed formulary). The survey contained 39 questions covering satisfaction with the prescription drug benefit, health-related attitudes and knowledge, and experience with the benefit. Predictors of satisfaction were examined by using logistic regression with probability weights. RESULTS: A total of 3819 surveys were returned (response rate, 27%). Respondents were more likely to be mail-order pharmacy users and less likely to be enrolled in a plan with a closed formulary. Out-of-pocket costs were viewed as the most important feature of the pharmacy benefit. In the logistic regression, higher copayments, coinsurance, closed formularies, intensive managed care, large health care premiums, a recent increase in copayments, and a recent denial of coverage were associated with lower satisfaction with the prescription drug benefit. Excellent health and use of mail-order pharmacy were associated with greater satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The extent to which health plan members served by a PBM had to share drug costs was the strongest determinant of satisfaction with the prescription drug benefit.

O'Brien, C.J. ... et. al.-- 18 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables, Coccolithophores are calcifying marine phytoplankton of the class Prymnesiophyceae. They are considered to play an import role in the global carbon cycle through the production and export of organic carbon and calcite. We have compiled observations of global coccolithophore abundance from several existing databases as well as individual contributions of published and unpublished datasets. We make conservative estimates of carbon biomass using standardised conversion methods and provide estimates of uncertainty associated with these values. The quality-controlled database contains 57 321 individual observations at various taxonomic levels. This corresponds to 11 503 observations of total coccolithophore abundance and biomass. The data span a time period of 1929-2008, with observations from all ocean basins and all seasons, and at depths ranging from the surface to 500 m. Highest biomass values are reported in the North Atlantic, with a maximum of 127.2 μg C L-1. Lower values are reported for the Pacific (maximum of 20.0 μg C L-1) and Indian Ocean (up to 45.2 μg C L-1). Maximum biomass values show peaks around 60° N and between 40 and 20° S, with declines towards both the equator and the poles. Biomass estimates between the equator and 40° N are below 5 μg C L-1. Biomass values show a clear seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere, reaching a maximum in the summer months (June-July). In the Southern Hemisphere the seasonal cycle is less evident, possibly due to a greater proportion of low-latitude data. The original and gridded datasets can be downloaded from Pangaea (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.785092). © Author(s) 2013, The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007–2013) under grant agreement number (238366). M. Vogt, J. A. Peloquin and N. Gruber acknowledge funding from ETH Zurich

In the BETA test facility of Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, prototypical core melts can be simulated in concrete structures sufficient in size to allow a computer-code-assisted extrapolation to be made to the reactor geometry. Three experiments have been carried out to investigate special aspects of molten corium interacting with concrete. The investigations and measurements show the dominance of Zr oxidation during concrete attack by the chemical reduction of SiO2 to elemental Si and the subsequent Si oxidation by the gases from the concrete. Additionally, the failure of a cylindrical concrete wall was studied, which is eroded on the inner side by a heated melt while being cooled outside by stagnant water. In the experiment wall failure occurs and the melt relocates into the water annulus. Application of the experimental results to light-water reactor severe accidents is discussed.

Coccolithophores are calcifying marine phytoplankton of the class Prymnesiophyceae. They are considered to play an import role in the global carbon cycle through the production and export of organic carbon and calcite. We have compiled observations of global coccolithophore abundance from several existing databases as well as individual contributions of published and unpublished datasets. We estimate carbon biomass using standardised conversion methods and provide estimates of uncertainty associated with these values. The database contains 58 384 individual observations at various taxonomic levels. This corresponds to 12 391 observations of total coccolithophore abundance and biomass. The data span a time period of 1929–2008, with observations from all ocean basins and all seasons, and at depths ranging from the surface to 500 m. Highest biomass values are reported in the North Atlantic, with a maximum of 501.7 μg C l−1. Lower values are reported for the Pacific (maximum of 79.4 μg C l−1) and Indian Ocean (up to 178.3 μg C l−1). Coccolithophores are reported across all latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, from the Equator to 89° N, although biomass values fall below 3 μg C l−1 north of 70° N. In the Southern Hemisphere, biomass values fall rapidly south of 50° S, with only a single non-zero observation south of 60° S. Biomass values show a clear seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere, reaching a maximum in the summer months (June–July). In the Southern Hemisphere the seasonal cycle is less evident, possibly due to a greater proportion of low-latitude data. The original and gridded datasets can be downloaded from Pangaea (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.785092).