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The case of preoperative diagnosis of peripheric primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) of the chest with damage of body sternum in 21-year-old patient is presented in Native literature for the first time. CT and echography data as well as serum tumor-markers level are given. The detection of tissue-markers and electronic microscopy data are the most reliable diagnostic methods. However clinical and routine morphologic examinations are important as well. Our patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chest resection and plasty by osseous-musculocutaneous flap on vascular pedicle. Efficacy of polychemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphan, farmorubicin and platidiam is proved. Nine months after operation no tumor relapse and metastasis were observe. In spite of relatively low sensitivity of pPNET to cytostatic drugs, combined treatment with neoadjuvant is the most justified. Original method for the plasty of chest defect with no application of artificial materials provides favourable conditions for wound healing with good and satisfactory cosmetic outcomes.

The possibility of additional hardening of foam aluminum by metal borides, hardening phases, which create an additional hardening frame in the matrix of cast aluminum, is shown. The increase in the strength of the aluminum frame and the entire composite material as a whole with the introduction of the boride component increases by 1.4 times.

The search results of a carbon-graphite-aluminum alloy composite of aluminum carbide Al4C3 and the possibility of controlling the formation of this undesirable phase by organizing a diffusion transition layer are presented. The problem is shown and ways to solve it are proposed for the impregnation of carbon graphite with aluminum or its alloys. For the study, samples were made by impregnating a porous carbon-graphite frame with a cast aluminum alloy.

The fast decompositions method in analytical form was used to solve the elastic problem with mixed boundary conditions for stresses in a sharp wedge-shaped cutting tool of finite dimensions in the form of a truncated sector. A load is applied to the faces of the wedge and its nose, which rapidly decreases with distance from the nose. At a larger radius, the wedge is rigidly fixed. The resulting solution is valid for any angle of the wedge spread. If we take a small enough inner radius and the angle of the spread, then the shape of the proposed cutter will be close enough to real. The influence of the angle of the spread and the inner radius of the wedge on the magnitude and location of the highest stress σ was investigated. The critical dimensions of the wedge were found, but for any of its sizes the stresses are finite everywhere.

An imbalance of thermal operating conditions in a subway has a negative effect on the microclimate in tunnels and stations and eventually leads to accumulation of “thermal pollution” of the soil strata surrounding the subway tunnels and facilities. In turn, such “thermal pollution” results in less intense heat removal to the soil and in air overheating in stations. One of the efficient methods for achieving better energy efficiency of the climate systems and for improving the microclimate in the Moscow Subway’s underground facilities is to use heat pump systems with recovery of the tunnel air heat for supplying heat and cold for station complexes. The article presents the main results obtained from experimental investigations of the thermal operating conditions at some stations of the Moscow Subway. In particular, air temperature in the subway tunnel spaces was measured in the summer and winter seasons. As a result, the main factors influencing the temperature operating conditions in the subway tunnels have been revealed. Based on the results of the experiments, it can be recommended to put heat pumps into operation in the tunnels for setting up a comfortable microclimate in the subway. As an example, the results from testing this process solution are presented through analyzing the efficiency of the heat pump-based heat supply system of the Salar’evo experimental station’s complex. The analysis of the Salar’evo station’s heat pump-based heat supply system has demonstrated its successful operation in the subway along with good compatibility between the subway systems and heat pump unit at the design and operation stages. Application of heat pump equipment in the heat and cold supply systems of subway facilities is not only significantly cheaper than the conventional technology in terms of one-time capital investments but also makes it possible to save more than 80% of energy in the course of operation.

The paper presents a step-by-step construction of a finite-difference scheme for a heterogeneous biharmonic equation under zero boundary conditions superimposed on the desired function and its first-order partial derivatives. The finite-difference scheme is based on a square twenty-five-point pattern and has an implicit character. On analytical grid, the error of approximation of the biharmonic operator by the difference analog and the error of approximation of boundary conditions imposed on the first order partial derivatives are calculated by the expansion of the function in the Taylor series with the remainder term in the form of a Lagrange. The boundary conditions imposed on the sought function are satisfied precisely. A finite-difference scheme approximates a boundary value problem with a second order of accuracy over the mesh step. With the help of the Maple computer algebra system the solutions of the problem for different grid steps are obtained. The dependence of the minimum function and calculation time on the number of significant digits is revealed. The optimal number of significant digits is found. The convergence rate of the numerical scheme is analyzed. The dependence of the minimum value of the function and the calculation time on the value of the grid step is established. The optimal step value is found. A three-dimensional graph of the solution and its profiles in the middle sections are constructed. The advantages of the developed finite-difference scheme are indicated. Obtained results correspond to the physical meaning of the problem and are consistent with similar numerical and approximate analytical solutions.

Fast trigonometric interpolations on a finite interval with different basis functions and increased accuracy are provided. Sine interpolation exactly coincides with this function at the interpolation points, and derivatives of cosine interpolation of the second example exactly coincide with derivatives of the said function at the interpolation points. In all cases interpolations allow differentiation for a given number of times being equal to the order of a certain boundary function. The applied Fourier series converge quickly and hence they can be limited to a small number of terms, thus greatly saving computing time. These special features allow their use in solving complex applied multi-dimensional problems of integro-differential type. The compact formulas for trigonometric interpolations in an explicit form are given which facilitate their application. An error estimate is provided and, algorithms for applying the described interpolations are setup.

The paper provides the first interim analysis of a database including information on 806 metastatic kidney cancer patients receiving targeted therapy in the cancer facilities of the Moscow Healthcare Department. It shows a comparative analysis of the periods of first-line targeted therapy with different drugs until progression is established.

The approximate analytical solution of a problem about nonstationary free convection in the conductive and laminar mode of the Newtonian liquid in square area at the instantaneous change of temperature of a sidewall and lack of heat fluxes is submitted on top and bottom the bases. The equations of free convection in an approximation of Oberbeka-Bussinesk are linearized due to neglect by convective items. For reduction of number of hydrothermal parameters the system is given to the dimensionless look by introduction of scales for effect and explanatory variables. Transition from classical variables to the variables "whirlwind-a flow function" allowed to reduce system to a nonstationary heat conduction equation and a nonstationary nonuniform biharmonic equation, and the first is not dependent on the second. The decision in the form of a flow function is received by application integral a sine - Fourier transforms with terminating limits to a biharmonic equation at first on a variable x, and then on a variable y. The flow function has an appearance of a double series of Fourier on sine with coefficients in an integral form. Coefficients of a row represent integrals from unknown functions. On the basis of a hypothesis of an express type of integrals coefficients are calculated from the linear equation system received from boundary conditions on partial derivatives of function. Dependence of structure of a current on Prandtl's number is investigated. The cards of streamlines and isolines of components of speed describing development of a current from the moment of emergence before transition to a stationary state are received. The schedules of a field of vectors of speeds in various time illustrating dynamics of a current are provided. Reliability of a hypothesis of an express type of integral coefficients is confirmed by adequacy to physical sense and coherence of the received results with the numerical solution of a problem.

The article presents a description of the history of high education development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, provides an overview of the priority areas of popular professions for the region as a whole, and for its individual subjects; analyzes the main indicators that determine the opportunities for training in higher education institutions and identifies the distinctive features of the functioning of higher education in the Arctic region. A number of recommendations are proposed for certain areas of improving the system of training in higher education institutions of the studied region, taking into account its geographical location.

Using the fast expansion method, we obtained several exact solutions of the boundary value problem for the Poisson equation in a rectangular domain. We have given graphs of exact solutions corresponding to different boundary conditions and different types of the Poisson equation free term. We showed the influence of the type of boundary conditions and the right-hand side on the type of exact solution. We obtained a solution to the problem of membrane deflections under the action of variable load. We have given graphs of the stress components, from the analysis of which it follows that the greatest stress is in the middle of the rectangular membrane long sides.

Optimization of diagnosis and treatment of patients with solitary fibrous tumor of pleura, analysis of overall survival and disease-free survival, predictors of recurrence.There were 66 patients with solitary fibrous tumor of pleura (26 men and 40 women) aged 57.6 years (range 26-80 years). Asymptomatic course was found in 29 (44%) patients, various symptoms - in 37 (56%) patients. Thoracotomy was applied in 36 patients, thoracoscopy - in 30 patients. Immunohistochemical examination included analysis of definition of Stat6 expression.Benign variant of SFT was diagnosed in 50 (75.7%) patients, malignant variant - in 16 (24.3%) patients. STAT6 expression was observed in all cases. Postoperative morbidity was 9%, mortality - 1.6%. Recurrence was diagnosed in 2 (4%) patients with benign variant of disease and in 5 (31.2%) patients with malignant variant (2 of them died from progression of disease). Progression-free survival was 89.4%, overall survival - 95.4%. Predictors of recurrence are tumor dimension over 10 cm, necrosis and/or hemorrhagic component of tumor, mitotic count of at least four per 10 high-power fields.Olitary fibrous tumor of pleura is a rare mesenchymal fibroblastic neoplasm growing from submesothelial layer. Differential and preoperative morphological diagnosis of SFT is difficult and demands a special immunohistochemical examination with analysis of Stat 6 expression. Surgery is preferred for tumor de novo and recurrent neoplasm.Оптимизация диагностики и лечебной тактики у больных солитарной фиброзной опухолью (СФО) плевры, определение общей и безрецидивной выживаемости, выявление предикторов высокого риска рецидива.В торакальном отделении МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена и МГОБ №62 ДЗМ с 2001 по 2018 г. оперированы 66 больных СФО плевры. Возраст больных варьировал от 26 до 80 лет (в среднем 57,6 года). Мужчин было 26 (39,4%), женщин — 40 (60,6%). У 29 (44%) больных отмечено бессимптомное течение, у 37 (56%) — различная симптоматика. Всем больным произведено хирургическое лечение. Торакотомный доступ применен у 36, торакоскопия — у 30 больных. Иммуногистохимическое исследование обязательно включало определение экспрессии Stat 6.Доброкачественный вариант СФО диагностирован у 50 (75,7%), злокачественный — у 16 (24,3%) больных. У всех больных при иммуногистохимическом исследовании выявлена экспрессия Stat 6. Частота послеоперационных осложнений составила 9%, летальность — 1,6%. Рецидив заболевания при доброкачественном варианте возник у 2 (4%) больных, при злокачественном — у 5 (31,2%). Двое (3%) больных со злокачественным вариантом СФО плевры погибли от прогрессирования заболевания. Безрецидивная выживаемость составила 89,4%, общая выживаемость — 95,4%. Предикторами высокого риска рецидива являются размеры образования более 10 см, некроз и/или геморрагический компонент в опухолевом узле, высокий клеточный состав, большое количество митозов (более 4 в 10 полях зрения).СФО плевры — редкая мезенхимальная опухоль фибробластической природы, развивающаяся из субмезотелиального слоя. Дифференциальная и дооперационная морфологическая диагностика СФО сложна и требует специального иммуногистохимического исследования с определением экспрессии Stat 6. Основным методом лечения является хирургический, в том числе и при рецидиве заболевания.

The paper provides the first interim analysis of a database including information on 427 metastatic kidney cancer patients receiving targeted therapy in the cancer facilities of the Moscow Healthcare Department. It shows a comparative analysis of the periods of first-line targeted therapy with different drugs until progression is established.

It was established that the formation of a primary neoplastic focus, a recurrence of the disease, and the development of a second focus in a previously treated oncological patient occur mainly in reduced indices of corona formation; in extension of a malignant process (carcinoma of the stomach and lungs), in contrast, the corona-forming activity of the segmented neutrophils is characteristically increased. The studied test may be of prognostic importance in appraising the efficacy of the treatment of patients with carcinoma of this localization. The mechanisms determining the trend of changes in the corona formation in a neoplastic process require further study.

The authors developed a complex of measures for the prevention of purulent bronchopleural complications, among which the "stumpless" method of manual treatment of the bronchus is the principal measure. With this method, the incidence of a bronchial fistula reduced to 0.5% in lobe-bilobectomy and to 1.4% in pulmonectomy. Due to the sharp drop in the incidence of this complication, the total postoperative mortality reduced to 3.3%. The developed methods of manual treatment of the bronchus made it possible to level out the difference in the incidence of a bronchial fistula in surgical and combined treatment (preoperative radiotherapy), 2.1% and 3.9%, respectively. The "stumpless" methods of manual treatment of the bronchus in lung carcinoma improve the conditions for oncological radicalism of the operation and prevent economical losses by reducing the hospital stay of patients.

Cytochemical study of catecholamines in red blood cells of lung cancer patients disclosed the specific features of their content depending on the histological structure of the tumor and the advancement of the tumor process. The catecholamine content was lowest in patients with III-IV stage non-oat cell lung carcinoma and highest in patients with apudomas. The indices studied in groups of patients with benign processes in the lungs and with stage I-II non-oat cell carcinoma did not differ essentially from those in the controls.

Posterior alloplastic fixation of a damaged spinal portion was accomplished in 68 patients. In 20 cases fracture was associated with spinal dislocation. In such cases when a compressive spinal fracture is accompanied with insignificant signs of spinal concussion one should follow an expectation policy, since an early operation may be inherent in some additional trauma and result in inhibition of regenerative processes. For spinal fixation Lavsan was employed in 23 patients, a tightening device-in 28, metallic CITO plates-in 17. In 6 objects fixation with the plates was associated with arthrodesis of intervertebral junctures. Late results were studied in 49 patients. In 40 cases the results were good, in 4-satisfactory, in 5-poor. The best results were noted in fixation of the damaged portion with the plates, these should be preferred to other fixators in fracture-dislocation of the spine.

The authors assess the efficacy of phage therapy ofsuppurative and inflammatory complications in oncological patients. A clinical and laboratory analysis has involved 131 patients whose etiotropic therapy consisted of bacteriophages (65 patients) and antibiotics (66). Medicinal phages, manufactured by the Tbilisi Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, have been administered according to 3 schemes: (1) parallel with antibiotics, (2) after long ineffective antibiotic therapy, (3) phages alone starting from the onset of the purulent complication. The preparations have been prescribed with due consideration for the isolated microflora sensitivity. Incorporation of phages in combined therapy of infectious complications has yielded positive results in 81.5% of cases, whereas antibiotics have proved effective in but 60.6%. The efficacy of phage therapy depends on the type of pyoinflammatory complications (the results are the best in the management of wound infections), the microflora pattern of the purulent foci (phages are the most effective with a corresponding monoinfection), characteristics of the therapeutic phages proper (Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage is characterized by the highest therapeutic activity, as compared to staphylococcal and other phages).