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5,434 results on '"M. Ishikawa"'

1. Prognostic impact of the surgical deep margin distance of invasive acral melanoma of the sole: A multi-institutional retrospective study

Author

S. Koizumi, Y. Ichigozaki, H. Kitagawa, Y. Kiniwa, S. Sato, T. Takai, R. Doi, T. Ito, Y. Kuwatsuka, T. Maekawa, J. Asai, T. Miyagawa, S. Matsushita, T. Funakoshi, Y. Yamamoto, A. Kishi, T. Takenouchi, H. Kokubu, S. Ito, Y. Umeda, H. Uchi, S. Ishizuki, S. Iino, T. Nakagawa, K. Inafuku, T. Kaneko, M. Nakagawa, H. Kamiya, T. Hoashi, M. Arima, K. Asagoe, A. Hiura, T. Haga, U. Iwasawa, M. Ishikawa, K. Manabe, N. Hatta, S. Minami, and Y. Nakamura

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2024
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2. DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF ALDEHYDE DEGRADATION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME USING PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS

Author

M. Wakamatsu, H. Muramatsu, H. Sato, M. Ishikawa, D. Nakajima, R. Konno, Y. Kawashima, M. Hamada, Y. Okuno, O. Ohara, and Y. Takahashi

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Introduction: Inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) is characterized by a heterogeneous group of disorders with marked cytopenia in one hematopoietic cell lineage. Aldehyde Degradation Deficiency Syndrome (ADDS) is one of the newly discovered IBMFS, caused by a combined deficiency of ADH5 and ALDH2, which are important for the degradation of endogenously produced formaldehyde. Here, we utilized recent technological advances in data-independent proteomic analysis to establish a diagnostic testing for IBMFS, including ADDS. Methods: We performed a multi-omics analysis of in-depth proteomic analysis, targeted capture DNA sequencing, and RNA sequencing among patients with IBMFS. Results: In-depth non-targeted proteomic analysis was performed on 74 samples obtained from 60 patients with IBMFS and 14 healthy controls. We identified eight independent proteomic clusters (C1-C8), with ribosome pathway-related proteins specifically downregulated in C1 and C2, enriched for Diamond-Blackfan anemia and Schwachman-Diamond syndrome, respectively. In the 74 samples, four patients with ADDS showed significantly reduced ADH5 protein expression, whereas the remaining samples showed normal expression. To provide a large-scale rapid screening system in a practical clinical setting, targeted proteomic analysis was performed using a small panel, including ADH5 proteins, in a developmental cohort of 417 samples with hematological malignancies and healthy controls. ADH5 protein expression levels were significantly reduced in ADDS, and its sensitivity and specificity values were 100.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Conclusions: We have performed the first integrated multi-omics analysis for IBMFS, and demonstrated that clinical applications of targeted proteomic assays would be useful in diagnosing for IBMFS, including ADDS.

Published
2024
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3. Effects of dimensionality on the performance of hydrodynamic models for stratified lakes and reservoirs

Author

M. Ishikawa, W. Gonzalez, O. Golyjeswski, G. Sales, J. A. Rigotti, T. Bleninger, M. Mannich, and A. Lorke

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Numerical models are an important tool for simulating temperature, hydrodynamics, and water quality in lakes and reservoirs. Existing models differ in dimensionality by considering spatial variations of simulated parameters (e.g., flow velocity and water temperature) in one (1D), two (2D) or three (3D) spatial dimensions. The different approaches are based on different levels of simplification in the description of hydrodynamic processes and result in different demands on computational power. The aim of this study is to compare three models with different dimensionalities and to analyze differences between model results in relation to model simplifications. We analyze simulations of thermal stratification, flow velocity and substance transport by density currents in a medium-sized drinking-water reservoir in the subtropical zone, using three widely used open-source models: GLM (1D), CE-QUAL-W2 (2D) and Delft3D (3D). The models were operated with identical initial and boundary conditions over a 1-year period. Their performance was assessed by comparing model results with measurements of temperature, flow velocity and turbulence. Our results show that all models were capable of simulating the seasonal changes in water temperature and stratification. Flow velocities, only available for the 2D and 3D approaches, were more challenging to reproduce, but 3D simulations showed closer agreement with observations. With increasing dimensionality, the quality of the simulations also increased in terms of error, correlation and variance. None of the models provided good agreement with observations in terms of mixed layer depth, which also affects the spreading of inflowing water as density currents and the results of water quality models that build on outputs of the hydrodynamic models.

Published
2022
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5. A self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of non-communicable disease in Fiji

Author

M. Ishikawa, M. Nomura, M. Miyoshi, N. Nishi, T. Yokoyama, and H. Miura

Subjects
Healthcare staff, Competency, Non-communicable diseases, Social factors, Fiji, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 80% or more deaths in Pacific island countries, including Fiji, were related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although competency-based approaches have been effective for developing healthcare workers’ capabilities, there are only a few reports on competency scales of healthcare workers for NCD prevention. We aimed to develop a self-reported measurement scale on a potential component of competency in the healthcare staff engaged in the prevention and control of NCDs in Fiji. Methods There were 378 Ministry of Health and Medical Services staff members working on NCD prevention and control in Fiji included in this study, which was a cross-sectional survey of social factors, working situation factors, and competency. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess potential competency components, whereas Cronbach’s α coefficient and analysis of variance were used to assess the validity and reliability of the scale items, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to analyze the respondents’ factor scores relative to social status and work situations. Results The factor analysis revealed 16 items that identified competency in four work types: 1) work management, 2) monitoring and evaluation, 3) community partnership, and 4) community diagnosis. The monitoring and evaluation roles were related to ethnic background, community partnership was related to religion, and community diagnosis was related to academic qualifications. Conclusions Based on the results, we developed a competency scale for the four work types. This scale can help healthcare workers engage in better management of residents with NCDs in Fiji.

Published
2019
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7. Ultra-High-Efficiency Writing in Voltage-Control Spintronics Memory (VoCSM): The Most Promising Embedded Memory for Deep Learning

Author

Y. Ohsawa, H. Yoda, N. Shimomura, S. Shirotori, S. Fujita, K. Koi, A. Buyandalai, S. Oikawa, M. Shimizu, Y. Kato, T. Inokuchi, H. Sugiyama, M. Ishikawa, K. Ikegami, S. Takaya, and A. Kurobe

Subjects
Magnetic memory, nonvolatile memory, magnetic tunneling, magnetic devices, learning (artificial intelligence), Nanopatterning, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Our new proposal of voltage-control spintronics memory (VoCSM) in which spin-orbit torque in conjunction with the voltage-control-magnetic-anisotropy effect works as the writing principle showed small switching current of $37~\mu \text{A}$ for about 350 $K_{B}T$ switching energy. This indicates VoCSM’s writing efficiency is so high that VoCSM would be applicable for deep learning memories requiring ultra-low power consumption.

Published
2018
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8. Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016

Author

A. Adam, J. Robison, J. Lu, R. Jose, N. Badran, T. Vivas-Buitrago, D. Rigamonti, A. Sattar, O. Omoush, M. Hammad, M. Dawood, M. Maghaslah, T. Belcher, K. Carson, J. Hoffberger, I. Jusué Torres, S. Foley, S. Yasar, Q. A. Thai, J. Wemmer, P. Klinge, L. Al-Mutawa, H. Al-Ghamdi, K. A. Carson, M. Asgari, D. de Zélicourt, V. Kurtcuoglu, S. Garnotel, S. Salmon, O. Balédent, A. Lokossou, G. Page, L. Balardy, Z. Czosnyka, P. Payoux, E. A. Schmidt, M. Zitoun, M. A. Sevestre, N. Alperin, I. Baudracco, C. Craven, S. Matloob, S. Thompson, P. Haylock Vize, L. Thorne, L. D. Watkins, A. K. Toma, Karl Bechter, A. C. Pong, L. Jugé, L. E. Bilston, S. Cheng, W. Bradley, F. Hakim, J. F. Ramón, M. F. Cárdenas, J. S. Davidson, C. García, D. González, S. Bermúdez, N. Useche, J. A. Mejía, P. Mayorga, F. Cruz, C. Martinez, M. C. Matiz, M. Vallejo, K. Ghotme, H. A. Soto, D. Riveros, A. Buitrago, M. Mora, L. Murcia, S. Bermudez, D. Cohen, D. Dasgupta, C. Curtis, L. Domínguez, A. J. Remolina, M. A. Grijalba, K. J. Whitehouse, R. J. Edwards, A. Eleftheriou, F. Lundin, K. N. Fountas, E. Z. Kapsalaki, H. F. Smisson, J. S. Robinson, M. J. Fritsch, W. Arouk, M. Garzon, M. Kang, K. Sandhu, D. Baghawatti, K. Aquilina, G. James, D. Thompson, M. Gehlen, M. Schmid Daners, A. Eklund, J. Malm, D. Gomez, M. Guerra, M. Jara, M. Flores, K. Vío, I. Moreno, S. Rodríguez, E. Ortega, E. M. Rodríguez, J. P. McAllister, M. M. Guerra, D. M. Morales, D. Sival, A. Jimenez, D. D. Limbrick, M. Ishikawa, S. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, A. Junkkari, A. Häyrinen, T. Rauramaa, H. Sintonen, O. Nerg, A. M. Koivisto, R. P. Roine, H. Viinamäki, H. Soininen, A. Luikku, J. E. Jääskeläinen, V. Leinonen, U. Kehler, O. Lilja-Lund, K. Kockum, E. M. Larsson, K. Riklund, L. Söderström, P. Hellström, K. Laurell, M. Kojoukhova, A. Sutela, R. Vanninen, K. I. Vanha, M. Timonen, J. Rummukainen, V. Korhonen, S. Helisalmi, E. Solje, A. M. Remes, J. Huovinen, J. Paananen, M. Hiltunen, M. Kurki, B. Martin, F. Loth, M. Luciano, A. J. Luikku, A. Hall, S. K. Herukka, J. Mattila, J. Lötjönen, I. Alafuzoff, I. Jurjević, M. Miyajima, M. Nakajima, H. Murai, T. Shin, D. Kawaguchi, C. Akiba, I. Ogino, K. Karagiozov, H Arai, R. C. Reis, M. J. Teixeira, C. G. Valêncio, D. da Vigua, L. Almeida-Lopes, M. W. Mancini, F. C. G. Pinto, R. H. Maykot, G. Calia, J. Tornai, S. S. S. Silvestre, G. Mendes, V. Sousa, B. Bezerra, P. Dutra, P. Modesto, M. F. Oliveira, C. E. Petitto, H. Pulhorn, A. Chandran, C. McMahon, A. S. Rao, M. Jumaly, D. Solomon, A. Moghekar, N. Relkin, M. Hamilton, H. Katzen, M. Williams, T. Bach, S. Zuspan, R. Holubkov, A. Rigamonti, G. Clemens, P. Sharkey, A. Sanyal, E. Sankey, K. Rigamonti, S. Naqvi, A. Hung, E. Schmidt, F. Ory-Magne, P. Gantet, A. Guenego, A. C. Januel, P. Tall, N. Fabre, L. Mahieu, C. Cognard, L. Gray, J. A. Buttner-Ennever, K. Takagi, K Onouchi, S. D. Thompson, L. D. Thorne, H. M. Tully, T. L. Wenger, W. A. Kukull, D. Doherty, W. B. Dobyns, D. Moran, S. Vakili, M. A. Patel, B. Elder, C. R. Goodwin, J. A. Crawford, M. V. Pletnikov, J. Xu, A. Blitz, D. A. Herzka, H. Guerrero-Cazares, A. Quiñones-Hinojosa, S. Mori, P. Saavedra, H. Treviño, K. Maitani, W. C. Ziai, V. Eslami, S. Nekoovaght-Tak, R. Dlugash, G. Yenokyan, N. McBee, and D. F. Hanley

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Published
2017
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10. Spin accumulation and transport signals in CoFe/MgO/Si devices with confined structure of n+-Si layer

Author

Y. Saito, T. Inokuchi, M. Ishikawa, T. Ajay, and H. Sugiyama

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Observation of the spin signals in devices with low interface resistance of ferromagnetic/semiconductor junctions is one of the most important issues from the application view point. We demonstrate spin transport and accumulation signals in highly doped ∼1×1020 cm-3 n+-Si by using CoFe/MgO/n+-Si (10 nm, 20 nm)/n-Si devices. The highly doped n+-Si was confined within a thin n+-Si layer (10 nm and 20 nm in thickness). In this confined structure, we observed the spin accumulation signals for the devices with impurity concentration of ∼1×1020 cm-3 and the spin transport signals for the devices with ∼1 kΩμm2 interface resistance. This indicates that the n+ confined structure is important for observing and increasing spin signals in the low-interface-resistance region.

Published
2017
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11. Type 1 Achilles tendon rupture caused by grooming trauma in a young dog

Author

M. Isaka, M. Befu, N. Matsubara, M. Ishikawa, H. Aono, and S. Namba

Subjects
Achilles tendon, Dog, Rupture, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Achilles tendon rupture is uncommon in small animal practice. A 9-month-old, female, mixed breed dog (weighing 2.2kg) was referred to our hospital with a primary complaint of right hind limb lameness. Complete right Achilles tendon rupture was diagnosed by physical examination and radiography. The tendon was surgically repaired the next day by using a three-loop and single near-far-far-near suture methods. Complete healing was achieved by 97 days post-surgery. This report describes the surgical technique used for complete Achilles tendon rupture repair in a young dog.

Published
2014

13. Landscape planning for a safe city

Author

M. Ishikawa

Subjects
fire disasters, urban planning, safe city, fireproof city, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

To create a safe city free from natural disasters has been one of the important criteria in city planning. Since large cities have suffered from large fires caused by earthquakes, the planning of open spaces to prevent the spread of fires is part of the basic structure of city planning in Japan. Even in the feudal city of Edo, the former name of Tokyo, there had been open spaces to prevent fire disasters along canals and rivers. This paper discusses the historical evolution of open space planning, that we call landscape planning, through the experiences in Tokyo, and clarifies the characteristics and problems for achieving a safe city.

Published
2002
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15. Outcomes of gynecologic cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international, multicenter, prospective CovidSurg-Gynecologic Oncology Cancer study

Author

Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Benson, Ruth A., Bywater, Edward, Chaudhry, Daoud, Dawson, Brett E., Evans, Jonathan P., Glasbey, James C., Gujjuri, Rohan R., Heritage, Emily, Jones, Conor S., Kamarajah, Sivesh K., Khatri, Chetan, Khaw, Rachel A., Keatley, James M., Knight, Andrew, Lawday, Samuel, Li, Elizabeth, Mann, Harvinder S., Marson, Ella J., McLean, Kenneth A., Mckay, Siobhan C., Mills, Emily C., Pellino, Gianluca, Picciochi, Maria, Taylor, Elliott H., Tiwari, Abhinav, Simoes, Joana FF., Trout, Isobel M., Venn, Mary L., Wilkin, Richard JW., Bhangu, Aneel, Abbott, Tom EF., Abukhalaf, Sadi, Adamina, Michel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Agarwal, Arnav, Akkulak, Murat, Alameer, Ehab, Alderson, Derek, Alakaloko, Felix, Albertsmeier, Markus, Alser, Osaid, Alshaar, Muhammad, Alshryda, Sattar, Arnaud, Alexis P., Augestad, Knut Magne, Ayasra, Faris, Azevedo, José, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K., Barlow, Emma, Beard, David, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Brar, Amanpreet, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Breen, Kerry A., Bretherton, Chris, Buarque, Igor Lima, Burke, Joshua, Caruana, Edward J., Chaar, Mohammad, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Christensen, Peter, Cox, Daniel, Cukier, Moises, Cunha, Miguel F., Davidson, Giana H., Desai, Anant, Di Saverio, Salomone, Drake, Thomas M., Edwards, John G., Elhadi, Muhammed, Emile, Sameh, Farik, Shebani, Fiore, Marco, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Ford, Samuel, Garmanova, Tatiana, Gallo, Gaetano, Ghosh, Dhruva, Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça, Grecinos, Gustavo, Griffiths, Ewen A., Gruendl, Magdalena, Halkias, Constantine, Harrison, Ewen M., Hisham, Intisar, Hutchinson, Peter J., Hwang, Shelley, Isik, Arda, Jenkinson, Michael D., Jonker, Pascal, MA Kaafarani, Haytham, Keller, Debby, Kolias, Angelos, Kruijff, Schelto, Lawani, Ismail, Lederhuber, Hans, Leventoglu, Sezai, Litvin, Andrey, Loehrer, Andrew, Löffler, Markus W., Lorena, Maria Aguilera, Modolo, Maria Marta, Major, Piotr, Martin, Janet, Mashbari, Hassan N., Mazingi, Dennis, Metallidis, Symeon, Mohan, Helen M., Moore, Rachel, Moszkowicz, David, Moug, Susan, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S., Maimbo, Mayaba, Negoi, Ionut, Niquen, Milagros, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Olivos, Maricarmen, Oussama, Kacimi, Outani, Oumaima, Parreno-Sacdalanm, Marie Dione, Pata, Francesco, Perez Rivera, Carlos Jose, Pinkney, Thomas D., van der Plas, Willemijn, Pockney, Peter, Qureshi, Ahmad, Radenkovic, Dejan, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Richards, Toby, Roberts, Keith, Roslani, April C., Rutegård, Martin, Segura-Sampedro, Juan José, Santos, Irène, Satoi, Sohei, Sayyed, Raza, Schache, Andrew, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A., Seyi-Olajide, Justina O., Sharma, Neil, Shaw, Catherine A., Shaw, Richard, Shu, Sebastian, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Stewart, Grant D., Sund, Malin, Sundar, Sudha, Tabiri, Stephen, Townend, Philip, Tsoulfas, Georgios, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H., Vidya, Raghavan, Vimalachandran, Dale, Warren, Oliver J., Wedderburn, Duane, Wright, Naomi, Booth, Lesley, Barker, Neil, Cooke, Shirley, Doré, Suzanne, Horwood, Nigel, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Weir, Carrie Tierney, Dajti I, Albania, C, Allemand, LA, Boccalatte, M, Figari, M, Lamm, J, Larrañaga, C, Marchitelli, F, Noll, D, Odetto, M, Perrotta, J, Saadi, L, Zamora, Ballester, A.M., KE, Tapper, N, Zeff, JI, Valenzuela, C, Alurralde, J, Anastasio, Perez de Nucci A, Apas, EL, Caram, D, Eskinazi, JP, Mendoza, M, Usandivaras, R, Badra, A, Esteban, JS, García, PM, García, JI, Gerchunoff, Lucchini, S.M., NIgra, M.A., L, Vargas, T, Hovhannisyan, A, Stepanyan, CE, Vasey, EGR, Watson, C, Ip, J, Kealey, CSH, Lim, S, Sengupta, S, Ward, E, Wong, T, Gould, R, Gourlay, B, Griffiths, S, Gananadha, M, McLaren, J, Cecire, N, Joshi, S, Salindera, A, Sutherland, JH, Ahn, G, Charlton, S, Chen, N, Gauri, R, Hayhurst, S, Jang, F, Jia, C, Mulligan, W, Yang, G, Ye, H, Zhang, M, Ballal, D, Gibson, D, Hayne, H, McMillan, J, Moss, MJ, Pugliese, T, Richards, YTN, Seow, A, Thian, P, Viswambaram, UG, Vo, J, Bennetts, T, Bright, Brooke-Smith, M., R, Fong, B, Gricks, L, Huang, YH, Lam, A, Nathan, Ong, B.S., E, Ooi, M, Szpytma, D, Watson, K, Bagraith, S, Caird, E, Chan, C, Dawson, D, Ho, N, Hui, S, Izwan, E, Jeyarajan, S, Jordan, R, Liang, A, Lim, GJ, Nolan, A, Oar, D, Parker, H, Puhalla, A, Quennell, L, Rutherford, C, Sommerville, P, Townend, Papen M, Von, M, Wullschleger, AC, Dawson, A, Drane, A, Blatt, D, Cope, N, Egoroff, M, Fenton, J, Gani, N, Lott, P, Pockney, N, Shugg, M, Elliott, D, Phung, D, Phan, D, Townend, C, Bong, J, Gundara, A, Frankel, S, Bowman, GR, Guerra, N, Gerns, S, McGeorge, A, Riddell, M, Roberts, N, Rukin, J, Bolt, K, Buddingh, Dudi-Venkata, N.N., S, Jog, HM, Kroon, T, Sammour, R, Smith, C, Stranz, M, Batstone, K, Lah, W, McGahan, D, Mitchell, A, Morton, A, Pearce, G, Sheahan, B, Swinson, A, Waldron, P, Walker, N, Alam, S, Banting, L, Chong, P, Choong, S, Clatworthy, D, Foley, A, Fox, MW, Hii, B, Knowles, J, Mack, M, Read, A, Rowcroft, G, Wright, EWY, Lun, M, Lanner, J, Burtscher, Trivik-Barrientos, F., I, Königsrainer, M, Bauer, C, Freyschlag, M, Kafka, F, Messner, D, Öfner, I, Tsibulak, S, Holawe, M, Zimmermann, K, Emmanuel, M, Grechenig, R, Gruber, M, Harald, L, Öhlberger, J, Presl, A, Wimmer, İ, Namazov, E, Samadov, D, Barker, R, Boyce, S, Corbin, A, Doyle, A, Eastmond, R, Gill, A, Haynes, S, Millar, M, O’Shea, G, Padmore, N, Paquette, E, Phillips, John S, St., K, Walkes, J, Abeloos, Backer T, De, Ceulaer J, De, C, Dick, Diez-Fraile, A., P, Lamoral, C, Spaas, W, Ceelen, P, Pattyn, D, Van de putte, Nieuwenhove Y, Van, Ramshorst G, Van, Willaert, W., Bazzett-Matabele, L., SP, Chiyapo, Ramogola-Masire, D., G, Ramontshonyana, A, Seiphetlheng, P, Vuylsteke, EA, Abdallah, Júnior S, Aguiar, G, Baiocchi, GB, Carvalho, FJF, Coimbra, LP, Kowalski, F, Makdissi, N, Marques, T, Marques, Santos S, Soares Dos, Gonçalves B, Tirapelli, JG, Vartanian, Reis R, Dos, P, Camara, Lima RK, De, Giustina E, Della, PV, Hoffmann, A, Gatti, C, Nardi, R, Oliva, L, Nacif, Ferro C, Carvalho, Ataíde G, Gomes Mendonça, Buarque I, Lima, A, Lira dos Santos Leite, Pol-Fachin, L., Bezerra T, Santos, Ramos da Silva A, Maylson, de Araújo Silvestre D, Windson, Barros A, Vieira, L, Campbell, Cicco R, De, I, Cecconello, P, Gregorio, Lima L, Pontual, Junior U, Ribeiro, FR, Takeda, RM, Terra, Teixeira M, Faccini, Kulcsar, M.A.V., LL, Matos, KS, Nunes, G, Laporte, M, Salem, Awada J, Barakat, TR, Ijichi, NJ, Kim, A, Marreiro, B, Muller, R, Nunes, B, Bodanese, ER, Eidt, JC, Isoton, Vieira da Cunha M, Lemos, de Sampaio L, Regina, C, Vendrame, M, Zeni, JA, Zortéa, MR, Zortéa, M, Sokolov, B, Kidane, S, Srinathan, A, Munro, L, Helyer, D, McKeen, M, Boutros, NG, Caminsky, G, Ghitulescu, G, Jamjoum, J, Moon, J, Pelletier, T, Vanounou, S, Wong, D, Cheng, SD, MacNeil, J, Martin, S, Dumitra, A, Kouyoumdjian, S, Schmid, J, Spicer, A, Agarwal, A, Brar, J, Dada, A, Dare, U, Hameed, F, Osman, B, Johnston, C, Russell, G, Groot, A, Persad, H, Pham, M, Wood, M, Ko, L, Rajendran, S, Demyttenaere, R, Garfinkle, C, Brown, A, Karimuddin, N, Lee, J, Liu, Kia T, Madani, Phang, P.T., M, Raval, K, Tom, Abou-Khalil, J., A, Martel, C, Nessim, J, Stevenson, Riyami S, Al, K, Bali, D, Bigam, K, Dajani, A, Dell, MM, Modolo, Nieto P, Ramirez, R, Sepulveda, A, Molero, A, Bolbaran, I, Ruiz, F, Heredia, F, Bellolio, N, Besser, E, Grasset, JO, Guaman, M, Inzunza, MJ, Irarrázaval, C, Jarry, Martinic M, Quintana, Altamirano C, Riquoir, Manqui CA, Romero, Esquide M, Ruiz, Añazco C, Vargas, A, Almeciga, A, Fletcher, A, Merchan, T, Quijano, D, Sanabria, Arias-Amézquita, F., C, Cétares, Murgueitio N, Cortes, Gomez-Mayorga, J.L., Herrera-Almario, G., J, Rodriguez, P, Iglesias, LO, Puentes, JA, Calvache, Orozco-Chamorro, C.M., DA, Rojas, Sánchez-Gómez, A., M, Abadia, J, Acosta, Aristizabal J, Angel, A, Bonilla, L, Caicedo, Quiroz PH, Calderon, Bonilla S, Cervera, S, Diaz, H, Facundo, Mora M, Garcia, O, Guevara, L, Guzman, Mora DR, Herrera, Ramirez LJ, Jimenez, C, Lehmann, E, Manrique, I, Mariño, M, Medina, Morales RE, Pinilla, A, Puerto, Horta J, Puerto, M, 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Wai, R, Wustrack, MJ, Xu, M, Zimel, D, CA) Beswick, J, Goddard, J, Manor, J, Song, Springs/Loveland, Denver/Colorado, A, Cioci, W, Pavlis, K, Rakoczy, G, Ruiz, R, Saberi, T, Fullmer, C, Gaskill, N, Gross, K, Kiong, CL, Roland, SN, Zafar, M, Abdallah, A, Abouassi, E, Aigbivbalu, M, Almasri, J, Eid, B, George, G, Kulkarni, H, Marwan, M, Mehdi, Andrés M, San, J, Sundaresan, SG, Aoun, VS, Ban, HH, Batjer, K, Bosler, J, Caruso, B, Sumer, D, Abbott, A, Acher, T, Aiken, J, Barrett, E, Foley, PB, Schwartz, AT, Hawkins, A, Maiga, NM, Ruzgar, M, Sion, S, Ullrich, J, Laufer, S, Scasso, Al-Naggar, H., Al-Shehari, M., A, Almassaudi, M, Alsayadi, R, Alsayadi, M, Nahshal, S, Shream, S, AL-Ameri, M, Aldawbali, Fotopoulou, Christina, Khan, Tabassum, Bracinik, Juraj, Glasbey, James, Abu-Rustum, Nadeem, Chiva, Luis, Fagotti, Anna, Fujiwara, Keiichi, Ghebre, Rahel, Gutelkin, Murat, Konney, Thomas O., Ng, Joseph, Pareja, Rene, Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Rajkumar, Sehouli, Jalid, Surappa, Shylasree T.S., and Leung, Elaine

Published
2022
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18. Infants’ Prediction of Humanoid Robot’s Goal-Directed Action

Author

F. Manzi, M. Ishikawa, C. Di Dio, S. Itakura, T. Kanda, H. Ishiguro, D. Massaro, and A. Marchetti

Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction, Philosophy, Settore M-PSI/04 - PSICOLOGIA DELLO SVILUPPO E PSICOLOGIA DELL'EDUCAZIONE, General Computer Science, Social Psychology, Control and Systems Engineering, Goal-directed action, Humanoid robot, Robot’s face, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Infants, Action prediction
Abstract

Several studies have shown that infants anticipate human goal-directed actions, but not robot’s ones. However, the studies focusing on the robot goal-directed actions have mainly analyzed the effect of mechanical arms on infant’s attention. To date, the prediction of goal-directed actions in infants has not yet been studied when the agent is a humanoid robot. Given this lack of evidence in infancy research, the present study aims at analyzing infants’ action anticipation of both a human’s and a humanoid robot’s goal-directed action. Data were acquired on thirty 17-month-old infants, watching four video clips, where either a human or a humanoid robot performed a goal-directed action, i.e. reaching a target. Infants looking behavior was measured through the eye-tracking technique. The results showed that infants anticipated the goal-directed action of both the human and the robot and there were no differences in the anticipatory gaze behavior between the two agents. Furthermore, the findings indicated different attentional patterns for the human and the robot, showing a greater attention paid to the robot's face than the human’s face. Overall, the results suggest that 17-month-old infants may infer also humanoid robot’ underlying action goals.

Published
2022
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20. <scp>Anti‐BP180</scp> , pruritus, and thymus and activation‐regulated chemokines as surrogate markers for disease activity in bullous pemphigoid

Author

S. Wada, T. Komori, C.S. de Jesus, T. Nomura, T. Komura, S. Yonekura, R. Shibuya, E. Adachi, Y. Sakurai, M. Ishikawa, S. Usui, N. Kambe, and K. Kabashima

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Pruritus, Pemphigoid, Bullous, Humans, Dermatology, Non-Fibrillar Collagens, Chemokines, Autoantigens, Biomarkers, Autoantibodies
Published
2022
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21. Conformal deposition of WS2 layered film by low-temperature metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Author

K. Cho, N. Sawamoto, H. Machida, M. Ishikawa, H. Sudoh, H. Wakabayashi, R. Yokogawa, and A. Ogura

Subjects
General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

Large area multi-layer WS2 film has high potential as a channel material for MOSFETs in next-generation LSIs. State-of-the-art LSIs have complex three-dimensional (3D) structures such as vertical channels and multi-layer stacked channels surrounded by gate electrodes. To develop such structures, it is desirable to fabricate channel layers by CVD, which is suitable for conformal deposition along a substrate with a complicated 3D structure. In this study, we report on WS2 films deposited by Metal-Organic CVD using low-toxicity n-BuNC-W(CO)5 as a liquid tungsten precursor and (t-C4H9)2S2 for sulfur precursor. The deposited films have a roughly stoichiometric composition and are stable even after 60 d of shelf time in air atmosphere. A layered film along the 3D fin substrate parallel to the surface was fabricated on the entire structure.

Published
2023
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26. Quantification of Oscillatory Shear Stress from Reciprocating CSF Motion on 4D Flow Imaging

Author

Hirotaka Ito, Shigeki Yamada, Marie Oshima, M. Ishikawa, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamaguchi, and Kazuhiko Nozaki

Subjects
Male, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Stress (mechanics), Motion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Foramen, Shear stress, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Foramen magnum, business.industry, Adult Brain, Cerebral Aqueduct, Anatomy, Stroke volume, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure, Hydrocephalus, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral aqueduct, Female, Stress, Mechanical, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and purpose:Oscillatory shear stress could not be directly measured in consideration of direction, although cerebrospinal fluid has repetitive movements synchronized with heartbeat. Our aim was to evaluate the important of oscillatory shear stress in the cerebral aqueduct and foramen magnum in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus by comparing it with wall shear stress and the oscillatory shear index in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus., Materials and methods:By means of the 4D flow application, oscillatory shear stress, wall shear stress, and the oscillatory shear index were measured in 41 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, 23 with co-occurrence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer-type dementia, and 9 age-matched controls. These shear stress parameters at the cerebral aqueduct were compared with apertures and stroke volumes at the foramen of Magendie and cerebral aqueduct., Results:Two wall shear stress magnitude peaks during a heartbeat were changed to periodic oscillation by converting oscillatory shear stress. The mean oscillatory shear stress amplitude and time-averaged wall shear stress values at the dorsal and ventral regions of the cerebral aqueduct in the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus groups were significantly higher than those in controls. Furthermore, those at the ventral region of the cerebral aqueduct in the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus group were also significantly higher than those in the co-occurrence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with Alzheimer-type dementia group. The oscillatory shear stress amplitude at the dorsal region of the cerebral aqueduct was significantly associated with foramen of Magendie diameters, whereas it was strongly associated with the stroke volume at the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct rather than that at the foramen of Magendie., Conclusions:Oscillatory shear stress, which reflects wall shear stress vector changes better than the conventional wall shear stress magnitude and the oscillatory shear index, can be directly measured on 4D flow MR imaging. Oscillatory shear stress at the cerebral aqueduct was considerably higher in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Published
2021
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28. Association between Satisfaction with State of Health and Meals, Physical Condition and Food Diversity, Health Behavior, and Perceptions of Shopping Difficulty among Older People Living Alone in Japan

Author

M, Ishikawa, T, Yokoyama, Y, Takemi, Y, Fukuda, T, Nakaya, K, Kusama, N, Yoshiike, M, Nozue, K, Yoshiba, N, Murayama, M, Ishikawa, T, Yokoyama, Y, Takemi, Y, Fukuda, T, Nakaya, K, Kusama, N, Yoshiike, M, Nozue, K, Yoshiba, and N, Murayama

Abstract

source:Epub 2016 Oct 22, source:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28448081

Published
2022

32. 500-Gb/s/λ Operation of Ultra-Low Power and Low-Temperature-Dependence InP-Based High-Bandwidth Coherent Driver Modulator

Author

Hiroshi Yamazaki, Josuke Ozaki, M. Ishikawa, Yoshihiro Ogiso, Hiromasa Tanobe, Yasuaki Hashizume, Munehiko Nagatani, Teruo Jyo, Yuta Ueda, and Shigeru Kanazawa

Subjects
Ultra low power, Materials science, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Power efficient, Dissipation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Dual-polarization interferometry, CMOS, Hardware_GENERAL, Modulation, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Optoelectronics, High bandwidth, business
Abstract

For 64-Gbaud operation and beyond, we developed a power efficient high-bandwidth coherent driver modulator composed of a linear four-channel ultra-low power CMOS driver IC and an InP-based dual-polarization IQ modulator. The CMOS driver was fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology and showed power dissipation of 44 GHz and the variation of 2.0 GHz under the 25° to 85 °C condition. Furthermore, we obtained good back-to-back bit-error-rate performance in up to dual polarization 80-Gbaud 16-QAM modulation.

Published
2020
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33. 80-GHz Bandwidth and 1.5-V Vπ InP-Based IQ Modulator

Author

M. Ishikawa, Hiroshi Yamazaki, Takayuki Kobayashi, Josuke Ozaki, Yoshihiro Ogiso, Nobuhiro Nunoya, Yutaka Miyamoto, Yasuaki Hashizume, Munehiko Nagatani, Masanori Nakamura, Yuta Ueda, Minoru Ida, Hitoshi Wakita, Hiromasa Tanobe, and Shigeru Kanazawa

Subjects
Materials science, Optical modulator, Coherence theory, Modulation, business.industry, Electrode, Bandwidth (signal processing), Transmitter, Optoelectronics, Heterojunction, business, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Voltage
Abstract

We report a promising IQ optical modulator for beyond 100-GBd transmitter. By introducing both a new n-i-p-n heterostructure and an optimized capacitance-loaded traveling-wave electrode (CL-TWE), high-frequency electrical losses of the modulator can be drastically reduced. As a result, we extended an electro-optic (EO) bandwidth without degrading other properties, such as half-wave voltage (Vπ) and optical losses. The 3-dB EO bandwidth of the 1.5-V Vπ modulator reaches 80 GHz. Furthermore, we demonstrated up to 128-GBd IQ modulations by co-assembling with an ultra-broadband InP-based driver IC.

Published
2020
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34. Long working hours, depression and suicidality among OB/GYNs in Japan

Author

M Ishikawa

Subjects
Suicide, Japan, Depression, Risk Factors, Physicians, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Suicidal Ideation
Abstract

Background There is abundant evidence linking long working hours among physicians with adverse health effects; however, most studies have focused on medical residents. In Japan, obstetrician/gynaecologists (OB/GYNs) work the longest hours, yet no studies have investigated potential relationships between excessive overtime and depression and suicidal ideation within this population. Aims To investigate the relationship between long working hours and depression and suicidal ideation among OB/GYNs in Japan. Methods We administered a survey questionnaire to OB/GYNs and received 919 valid responses. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with depression and suicidal ideation as the outcome variables and number of working hours per week, gender, age, marital status, hospital type and geographical area type as the explanatory variables. Results Sixteen per cent of the participants were depressed, and 3% reported suicidal ideation. Working 100 or more hours per week increased the odds for both depression and suicidal ideation [odds ratio (OR): 2.08 (95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.07–4.05, P = 0.03); and OR: 7.03 (95% CI: 1.95–25.38, P < 0.001), respectively]. Conclusions The results suggest that the Japanese Government should vigorously promote physicians’ work-style reform, so that a lowered upper limit of overtime hours will be enforced from 2024 to improve physicians’ health and patients’ safety.

Published
2022

37. Crosstalk reduction between RF input channels of coherent‐driver‐modulator package by introducing enhanced ground lead structure

Author

M. Ishikawa, Hiromasa Tanobe, and Josuke Ozaki

Subjects
Surface-mount technology, Materials science, business.industry, Electrical bandwidth, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Bandwidth (signal processing), Bent molecular geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Optical Module, Crosstalk, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Lead structure, Optoelectronics, Insertion loss, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

This Letter presents a novel RF ground lead structure for surface-mount-type optical modules that enables RF crosstalk reduction and bandwidth enhancements. Conventional RF lead-pins of a surface-mount-type optical module have a bent shape that affects on RF ground stability and RF crosstalk between channels. The authors introduced an enhanced ground lead with an optimised shape for RF ground scheme enhancement. They prepared two types of high-bandwidth coherent driver modulator packages for demonstrating RF performance difference, one with the conventional bent ground lead and the other with the optimum-shaped ground lead. The measured results of the package with the enhanced ground lead successfully exhibited adjacent far-end crosstalk reduction of about 5 dB at 50 GHz, and the crosstalk of −30 dB or less up to 58 GHz was confirmed. Moreover, they obtained the improvement in the insertion loss of 1 dB at 54 GHz and the 3-dB electrical bandwidth enhancement of 2 GHz. These RF performances are sufficient for a high-bandwidth coherent driver modulator package that allows 96-GBd class operations.

Published
2020
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39. Low background measurement in CANDLES-III for studying the neutrinoless double beta decay of Ca48

Author

P. Noithong, K. Akutagawa, M. Tsuzuki, E. Kinoshita, M. Moser, K. Shimizu, M. Shokati, T. Maeda, W. Wang, T. Hiyama, Y. Hirano, S. Maeda, K. Tetsuno, X. Li, Yoichi Tamagawa, M. Doihara, S. Katagiri, B. T. Khai, S. Ajimura, M. S. Soberi, Y. Ikeyama, N. Nakatani, G. Ito, A. Rittirong, A. Kawamura, M. Saka, K. Shamoto, M. Tozawa, Ken-Ichi Fushimi, A. Hirota, K. Kanagawa, H. Kakubata, Masaharu Nomachi, H. Kino, K. K. Lee, K. Ozawa, T. Batpurev, K. Seki, T. Ishikawa, M. Yoshizawa, T. Iga, K. Matsuoka, N. Yotsunaga, Takashi Iida, Y. Takemoto, T. Uehara, D. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, Y. Shinki, K. Suzuki, Ryuta Hazama, K. Yamamoto, Keita Mizukoshi, K. Nakajima, T. Harada, I. Ogawa, Saori Umehara, S. Yoshida, V. T. T. Trang, H. Hiraoka, Y. Kawashima, K. Ichimura, M. Ishikawa, T. Ohata, K. Yasuda, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Y. Takihira, and W. M. Chan

Subjects
Physics, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Monte Carlo method, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Impurity, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Scintillation crystals, Beta (velocity), Neutron, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We developed a CANDLES-III system to study the neutrino-less double beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{48}$Ca. The proposed system employs 96 CaF$_{2}$ scintillation crystals (305 kg) with natural Ca ($^{\rm nat.}$Ca) isotope which corresponds 350\,g of $^{48}$Ca. External backgrounds were rejected using a 4$\pi$ active shield of a liquid scintillator surrounding the CaF$_2$ crystals. The internal backgrounds caused by the radioactive impurities within the CaF$_2$ crystals can be reduced effectively through analysis of the signal pulse shape. We analyzed the data obtained in the Kamioka underground for a live-time of 130.4\,days to evaluate the feasibility of the low background measurement with the CANDLES-III detector. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimated the background rate from the radioactive impurities in the CaF$_{2}$ crystals and the rate of high energy $\gamma$-rays caused by the (n, $\gamma$) reactions induced by environmental neutrons. The expected background rate was in a good agreement with the measured rate, i.e., approximately 10$^{-3}$ events/keV/yr/(kg of $^{\rm nat.}$Ca), in the 0$\nu\beta\beta$ window. In conclusion, the background candidates were estimated properly by comparing the measured energy spectrum with the background simulations. With this measurement method, we performed the first search for 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay in a low background condition using a detector with a Ca isotope, in which the Ca present was not enriched, in a scale of hundreds of kg. The $^{48}$Ca isotope has a high potential for use in 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay search, and is expected to be useful for the development of a next-generation detector for highly sensitive measurements.

Published
2021
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40. Plaque psoriasis in a patient with sarcoidosis

Author

Toshiyuki Yamamoto and M. Ishikawa

Subjects
Plaque psoriasis, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, business.industry, medicine, Dermatology, Sarcoidosis, medicine.disease, business, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published
2021
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41. EVALUACIÓN PARASITOLÓGICAY RELACIÓN HOSPEDERO-PARÁSITO EN ALEVINES DEL BAGRE CACHARA (PSEUDOPLATYSTOMA RETICULATUM EIGENMANN & EIGENMANN 1889), MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL

Author

Santiago Benites de Pádua, Thais Pelisari, Maurício Laterça Martins, Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo, Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo, Rodrigo Yutaka Dichoff Kasai, Juliana Rosa Carrijo-Mauad, and M. M. Ishikawa

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Cryptobia, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, biology, Host (biology), Fauna, Parasitism, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Monogenea, Catfish
Abstract

Los alevines de bagres del Sur de América en cautiverio están frecuentemente expuestos a muchos parásitos, pero poca información es evaluada para implementar programa de salud para control y prevención de enfermedades en criaderos. Este estudio evaluó la fauna de parásitos de alevines de cachara (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum Eingenmann & Eingenmann, 1889) y la relación huésped-parásito durante las fases iníciales de cultivo. Un total de 302 alevines fueran sometidos a diagnóstico y análisis histopatológicos. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis y Trichodina heterodentata fueran diagnosticados como los parásitos mas prevalentes, seguidos de Cryptobia sp., Henneguya sp., Monogenea y Nematoda. Ha sido observada una correlación positiva entre la longitud de los peces y la intensidad promedio de I. multifiliis. Proliferación de células de moco, células club, áreas multifocales de degeneración, necrosis epitelial en la superficie del cuerpo, ulceración de piel, fusión de laminillas branquiales secundarias e infiltración inflamatoria fueron observados en peces infectados por I. multifiliis. Los protozoarios ciliados fueran los agentes etiológicos mas importantes y el cachara (P. reticulatum) es un nuevo huésped para T. heterodentata. En adición, la ictioftiriasis indujo un daño severo favoreciendo las infecciones oportunistas en los alevines.

Published
2021
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42. Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19–Free surgical pathways during the SARS-cov-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

Author

James C Glasbey, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Omar Omar, Elizabeth Li, Mary L Venn, Mohammad Abou Chaar, Vita Capizzi, Daoud Chaudhry, Anant Desai, Jonathan G Edwards, Jonathan P Evans, Marco Fiore, Jose Flavio Videria, Samuel J Ford, Ian Ganyli, Ewen A Griffiths, Rohan R Gujjuri, Angelos G Kolias, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Siobhan C McKay, Helen M Mohan, Keith Roberts, Carlos San Miguel-Méndez, Peter Pockney, Richard Shaw, Neil J Smart, Grant D Stewart, Sudha Sundar, Raghavan Vidya, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Omar Omar, Aneel A Bhangu, Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth A Benson, Edward Bywater, Daoud Chaudhry, Brett E Dawson, Jonathan P Evans, James C Glasbey, Rohan R Gujjuri, Emily Heritage, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Rachel A Khaw, James M Keatley, Andrew Knight, Samuel Lawday, Elizabeth Li, Harvinder S Mann, Ella J Marson, Kenneth A McLean, Siobhan C McKay, Emily C Mills, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Gianluca Pellino, Maria Picciochi, Elliott H Taylor, Abhinav Tiwari, Joana Ff Simoes, Isobel M Trout, Mary L Venn, Richard Jw Wilkin, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Neil J Smart, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Jonathan P Evans, Gaetano Gallo, Susan Moug, Francesco Pata, Peter Pockney, Salomone Di Saverio, Abigail Vallance, Dale Vimalchandran, Ewen A Griffiths, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Richard Pt Evans, Philip Townend, Keith Roberts, Siobhan McKay, John Isaac, Sohei Satoi, John Edwards, Aman S Coonar, Adrian Marchbank, Edward J Caruana, Georgia R Layton, Akshay Patel, Alessandro Brunelli, Samuel Ford, Anant Desai, Alessandro Gronchi, Marco Fiore, Max Almond, Fabio Tirotta, Sinziana Dumitra, Angelos Kolias, Stephen J Price, Daniel M Fountain, Michael D Jenkinson, Peter Hutchinson, Hani J Marcus, Rory J Piper, Laura Lippa, Franco Servadei, Ignatius Esene, Christian Freyschlag, Iuri Neville, Gail Rosseau, Karl Schaller, Andreas K Demetriades, Faith Robertson, Alex Alamri, Richard Shaw, Andrew G Schache, Stuart C Winter, Michael Ho, Paul Nankivell, Juan Rey Biel, Martin Batstone, Ian Ganly, Raghavan Vidya, Alex Wilkins, Jagdeep K Singh, Dinesh Thekinkattil, Sudha Sundar, Christina Fotopoulou, Elaine Leung, Tabassum Khan, Luis Chiva, Jalid Sehouli, Anna Fagotti, Paul Cohen, Murat Gutelkin, Rahel Ghebre, Thomas Konney, Rene Pareja, Rob Bristow, Sean Dowdy, T S Shylasree, R Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Joe Ng, Keiiji Fujiwara, Grant D Stewart, Benjamin Lamb, Krishna Narahari, Alan McNeill, Alexandra Colquhoun, John McGrath, Steve Bromage, Ravi Barod, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Tobias Klatte, Joana Ff Simoes, Tom Ef Abbott, Sadi Abukhalaf, Michel Adamina, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Arnav Agarwal, Murat Akkulak, Ehab Alameer, Derek Alderson, Felix Alakaloko, Markus Albertsmeiers, Osaid Alser, Muhammad Alshaar, Sattar Alshryda, Alexis P Arnaud, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris Ayasra, José Azevedo, Brittany K Bankhead-Kendall, Emma Barlow, David Beard, Ruth A Benson, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Kerry A Breen, Chris Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Joshua Burke, Edward J Caruana, Mohammad Chaar, Sohini Chakrabortee, Peter Christensen, Daniel Cox, Moises Cukier, Miguel F Cunha, Giana H Davidson, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas M Drake, John G Edwards, Muhammed Elhadi, Sameh Emile, Shebani Farik, Marco Fiore, J Edward Fitzgerald, Samuel Ford, Tatiana Garmanova, Gaetano Gallo, Dhruv Ghosh, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Grecinos, Ewen A Griffiths, Madalegna GrÜndl, Constantine Halkias, Ewen M Harrison, Intisar Hisham, Peter J Hutchinson, Shelley Hwang, Arda Isik, Michael D Jenkinson, Pascal Jonker, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Debby Keller, Angelos Kolias, Schelto Kruijff, Ismail Lawani, Hans Lederhuber, Sezai Leventoglu, Andrey Litvin, Andrew Loehrer, Markus W Löffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Maria Marta Modolo, Piotr Major, Janet Martin, Hassan N Mashbari, Dennis Mazingi, Symeon Metallidis, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Helen M Mohan, Rachel Moore, David Moszkowicz, Susan Moug, Joshua S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba Maimbo, Ionut Negoi, Milagros Niquen, Faustin Ntirenganya, Maricarmen Olivos, Kacimi Oussama, Oumaima Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Francesco Pata, Carlos Jose Perez Rivera, Thomas D Pinkney, Willemijn van der Plas, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Qureshi, Dejan Radenkovic, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Keith Roberts, April C Roslani, Martin Rutegård, Juan José Segura-Sampedro, Irène Santos, Sohei Satoi, Raza Sayyed, Andrew Schache, Andreas A Schnitzbauer, Justina O Seyi-Olajide, Neil Sharma, Richard Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Kjetil Soreide, Antonino Spinelli, Grant D Stewart, Malin Sund, Sudha Sundar, Stephen Tabiri, Philip Townend, Georgios Tsoulfas, Gabrielle H van Ramshorst, Raghavan Vidya, Dale Vimalachandran, Oliver J Warren, Duane Wedderburn, Naomi Wright, C Allemand, L Boccalatte, M Figari, M Lamm, J Larrañaga, C Marchitelli, F Noll, D Odetto, M Perrotta, J Saadi, L Zamora, C Alurralde, E L Caram, D Eskinazi, J P Mendoza, M Usandivaras, R Badra, A Esteban, J S García, P M García, J I Gerchunoff, S M Lucchini, M A NIgra, L Vargas, T Hovhannisyan, A Stepanyan, T Gould, R Gourlay, B Griffiths, S Gananadha, M McLaren, J Cecire, N Joshi, S Salindera, A Sutherland, J H Ahn, G Charlton, S Chen, N Gauri, R Hayhurst, S Jang, F Jia, C Mulligan, W Yang, G Ye, H Zhang, M Ballal, D Gibson, D Hayne, J Moss, T Richards, P Viswambaram, U G Vo, J Bennetts, T Bright, M Brooke-Smith, R Fong, B Gricks, Y H Lam, B S Ong, M Szpytma, D Watson, K Bagraith, S Caird, E Chan, C Dawson, D Ho, E Jeyarajan, S Jordan, A Lim, G J Nolan, A Oar, D Parker, H Puhalla, A Quennell, L Rutherford, P Townend, M Von Papen, M Wullschleger, A Blatt, D Cope, N Egoroff, M Fenton, J Gani, N Lott, P Pockney, N Shugg, M Elliott, D Phung, D Phan, D Townend, C Bong, J Gundara, A Frankel, S Bowman, G R Guerra, J Bolt, K Buddingh, N N Dudi-Venkata, S Jog, H M Kroon, T Sammour, R Smith, C Stranz, M Batstone, K Lah, W McGahan, D Mitchell, A Morton, A Pearce, M Roberts, G Sheahan, B Swinson, N Alam, S Banting, L Chong, P Choong, S Clatworthy, D Foley, A Fox, M W Hii, B Knowles, J Mack, M Read, A Rowcroft, S Ward, G Wright, M Lanner, I Königsrainer, M Bauer, C Freyschlag, M Kafka, F Messner, D Öfner, I Tsibulak, K Emmanuel, M Grechenig, R Gruber, M Harald, L Öhlberger, J Presl, A Wimmer, I Namazov, E Samadov, D Barker, R Boyce, S Corbin, A Doyle, A Eastmond, R Gill, A Haynes, S Millar, M O'Shea, G Padmore, N Paquette, E Phillips, S St John, K Walkes, N Flamey, P Pattyn, W Oosterlinck, J Van den Eynde, R Van den Eynde, A Gatti, C Nardi, R Oliva, R De Cicco, I Cecconello, P Gregorio, L Pontual Lima, U Ribeiro Junior, F Takeda, R M Terra, M Sokolov, B Kidane, S Srinathan, M Boutros, N Caminsky, G Ghitulescu, G Jamjoum, J Moon, J Pelletier, T Vanounou, S Wong, M Boutros, S Dumitra, A Kouyoumdjian, B Johnston, C Russell, M Boutros, S Demyttenaere, R Garfinkle, J Abou-Khalil, C Nessim, J Stevenson, F Heredia, A Almeciga, A Fletcher, A Merchan, L O Puentes, J Mendoza Quevedo, G Bacic, D Karlovic, D Krsul, M Zelic, I Luksic, M Mamic, B Bakmaz, I Coza, E Dijan, Z Katusic, J Mihanovic, I Rakvin, K Frantzeskou, N Gouvas, G Kokkinos, P Papatheodorou, I Pozotou, O Stavrinidou, A Yiallourou, L Martinek, M Skrovina, I Szubota, J Žatecký, V Javurkova, J Klat, T Avlund, P Christensen, J L Harbjerg, L H Iversen, D W Kjaer, Hø Kristensen, M Mekhael, A L Ebbehøj, P Krarup, N Schlesinger, H Smith, A Abdelsamed, A Y Azzam, H Salem, A Seleim, A Abdelmajeed, M Abdou, N E Abosamak, M Al Sayed, F Ashoush, R Atta, E Elazzazy, M Elhoseiny, M Elnemr, M S Elqasabi, M E Elsayed Hewalla, I Elsherbini, E Essam, M Eweda, I Ghallab, E Hassan, M Ibrahim, M Metwalli, M Mourad, M S Qatora, M Ragab, A Sabry, H Saifeldin, M Saleh Mesbah Mohamed Elkaffas, A Samih, A Samir Abdelaal, S Shehata, K Shenit, D Attia, N Kamal, N Osman, A M Abbas, Has Abd Elazeem, M M Abdelkarem, S Alaa, A K Ali, A Ayman, M G Azizeldine, H Elkhayat, S M Elghazaly, F A Monib, M A Nageh, M M Saad, M Salah, M Shahine, E A Yousof, A Youssef, A Eldaly, M ElFiky, A Nabil, G Amira, I Sallam, M Sherief, A Sherif, A Abdelrahman, H Aboulkassem, G Ghaly, R Hamdy, A Morsi, H Salem, G Sherif, H Abdeldayem, I Abdelkader Salama, M Balabel, Y Fayed, A E Sherif, D Bekele, J Kauppila, E Sarjanoja, O Helminen, H Huhta, J H Kauppila, C Beyrne, L Jouffret, L Lugans, L Marie-Macron, E Chouillard, B De Simone, J Bettoni, S Dakpé, B Devauchelle, N Lavagen, S Testelin, S Boucher, R Breheret, A Gueutier, A Kahn, J KÜn-Darbois, A Barrabe, Z Lakkis, A Louvrier, S Manfredelli, P Mathieu, A Chebaro, V Drubay, M El Amrani, C Eveno, K Lecolle, G Legault, L Martin, G Piessen, F R Pruvot, S Truant, P Zerbib, Q Ballouhey, B Barrat, J Laloze, H Salle, A Taibi, J Usseglio, D Bergeat, A Merdrignac, Roy B Le, L O Perotto, A Scalabre, A Aimé, A Ezanno, B Malgras, P Bouche, S Tzedakis, E Cotte, O Glehen, V Kepenekian, J Lifante, G Passot, A D'Urso, E Felli, D Mutter, P Pessaux, B Seeliger, J Bardet, R Berry, G Boddaert, S Bonnet, E Brian, C Denet, D Fuks, D Gossot, M Grigoroiu, A Laforest, Y Levy-Zauberman, C Louis-Sylvestre, A Moumen, G Pourcher, A Seguin-Givelet, E Tribillon, E Duchalais, F Espitalier, C Ferron, O Malard, U Bork, M Distler, J Fritzmann, J Kirchberg, C Praetorius, C Riediger, J Weitz, T Welsch, P Wimberger, K Beyer, C Kamphues, J Lauscher, F N Loch, C Schineis, M Albertsmeier, M Angele, A Kappenberger, H Niess, T Schiergens, J Werner, R Becker, J Jonescheit, I Pergolini, D Reim, C Boeker, I Hakami, J Mall, P Liokatis, W Smolka, K Nowak, T Reinhard, F Hölzle, A Modabber, P Winnand, M Knitschke, P Kauffmann, S Wolfer, J Kleeff, K Lorenz, C Michalski, U Ronellenfitsch, R Schneider, E Bertolani, A Königsrainer, M W Löffler, M Quante, C Steidle, L ÜberrÜck, C Yurttas, C S Betz, J Bewarder, A Böttcher, S Burg, C Busch, M Gosau, A Heuer, J Izbicki, T O Klatte, D Koenig, N Moeckelmann, C Nitschke, M Priemel, R Smeets, U Speth, S Thole, F G Uzunoglu, T Vollkommer, N Zeller, M J Battista, K Gillen, A Hasenburg, S Krajnak, V Linz, R Schwab, K Angelou, D Haidopoulos, A Rodolakis, P Antonakis, K Bramis, L Chardalias, I Contis, N Dafnios, D Dellaportas, G Fragulidis, A Gklavas, M Konstadoulakis, N Memos, I Papaconstantinou, A Polydorou, T Theodosopoulos, A Vezakis, M I Antonopoulou, D K Manatakis, N Tasis, N Arkadopoulos, N Danias, P Economopoulou, P Kokoropoulos, A Larentzakis, N Michalopoulos, J Selmani, T Sidiropoulos, V Tsaousis, P Vassiliu, K Bouchagier, S Klimopoulos, D Paspaliari, G Stylianidis, K Baxevanidou, K Bouliaris, P Chatzikomnitsa, M Efthimiou, A Giaglaras, C Kalfountzos, G Koukoulis, A M Ntziovara, K Petropoulos, K Soulikia, I Tsiamalou, K Zervas, S Zourntou, I Baloyiannis, A Diamantis, E Gkrinia, J Hajiioannou, C Korais, O Koukoura, K Perivoliotis, A Saratziotis, C Skoulakis, D Symeonidis, K Tepetes, G Tzovaras, D Zacharoulis, V Alexoudi, K Antoniades, I Astreidis, P Christidis, D Deligiannidis, T Grivas, O Ioannidis, I Kalaitsidou, L Loutzidou, A Mantevas, D Michailidou, K Paraskevopoulos, S 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J R Tan, A Thomas, P Whelan, A Anzak, A Banerjee, O Fuwa, F Hughes, J D Jayasinghe, C Knowles, H Kocher, I Leal Silva, F S Ledesma, A Minicozzi, L Navaratne, R Rahman, R Ramamoorthy, C Sohrabi, M Thaha, B Thakur, M Venn, V Yip, R Baumber, J Parry, S Evans, L Jeys, G Morris, M Parry, J Stevenson, N Ahmadi, G Aresu, Z M Barrett-Brown, A S Coonar, H Durio Yates, D Gearon, J Hogan, M King, A Peryt, I S Pradeep, C Smith, M Adishesh, R Atherton, K Baxter, M Brocklehurst, M Chaudhury, N Krishnamohan, J McAleer, G Owens, E Parkin, P Patkar, I Phang, A Aladeojebi, M Ali, B Barmayehvar, A Gaunt, M Gowda, E Halliday, M Kitchen, F Mansour, M Thomas, D Zakai, N Abbassi-Ghadi, H Assalaarachchi, A Currie, M Flavin, A Frampton, M Hague, C Hammer, J Hopper, J Horsnell, S Humphries, A Kamocka, T K Madhuri, S Preston, P Singh, J Stebbing, A Tailor, D Walker, F Aljanadi, M Jones, P Mhandu, C O'Donnell, R Turkington, Z Al-Ishaq, S Bhasin, A S Bodla, A Burahee, A Crichton, R Fossett, N Pigadas, S Pickford, 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Vinayagam, I Flindall, A Hanson, V Mahendran, S Green, M Lim, L MacDonald, V Miu, L Onos, K Sheridan, R Young, F Alam, O Griffiths, C Houlden, R Jones, V S Kolli, A K Lala, S Leeson, R Peevor, Z Seymour, L Chen, E Henderson, A Loehrer, K Brown, D Fleming, A Haynes, C Heron, C Hill, H Kay, E Leede, K McElhinney, K Olson, E C Osterberg, C Riley, P Srikanth, M Thornhill, D Blazer, G DiLalla, E S Hwang, W Lee, M Lidsky, J Plichta, L Rosenberger, R Scheri, K Shah, K Turnage, J Visgauss, S Zani, J Farma, J Clark, D Kwon, E Etchill, H E Gabre-Kidan AJenny, A Kent, M Ladd, C Long, H Malapati, A Margalit, S Rapaport, J Rose, K Stevens, L Tsai, D Vervoort, P Yesantharao, A Dehal, D Klaristenfeld, K Huynh, L Brown, I Ganly, J Mullinax, N Gusani, J Hazelton, J Maines, J S Oh, A Ssentongo, P Ssentongo, M Azam, A Choudhry, W Marx, J Fleming, A Fuson, J Gigliotti, A Ovaitt, Y Ying, M K Abel, V Andaya, K Bigay, M A Boeck, L Chen, H Chern, C Corvera, I El-Sayed, A Glencer, P Ha, Bcs Hamilton, C Heaton, K Hirose, D M Jablons, K Kirkwood, L Z Kornblith, J R Kratz, R Lee, P N Miller, E Nakakura, B Nunez-Garcia, R O'Donnell, D Ozgediz, P Park, B Robinson, A Sarin, B Sheu, M Varma, K Wai, R Wustrack, M J Xu, D Beswick, J Goddard, J Manor, J Song, T Fullmer, C Gaskill, N Gross, K Kiong, C L Roland, S N Zafar, M Abdallah, A Abouassi, M Almasri, G Kulkarni, H Marwan, M Mehdi, S Aoun, V S Ban, H H Batjer, J Caruso, D Abbott, A Acher, T Aiken, J Barrett, E Foley, P Schwartz, S N Zafar, A Hawkins, A Maiga, J Laufer, S Scasso

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Critical Care, SARS-CoV-2, International Cooperation, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Logistic Models, Postoperative Complications, Elective Surgical Procedures, Neoplasms, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Female, Epidemics, Aged
Abstract

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

Published
2021

43. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. 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TAM, D. TAMPELLINI, A. TAMURA, C. TAN, E. TAN, Y. TAN, M. TANAKA, D. TANG, J. TANG, T. TANG, I. TANIDA, Z. TAO, M. TAOUIS, L. TATENHORST, N. TAVERNARAKIS, A. TAYLOR, G. TAYLOR, J. TAYLOR, E. TCHETINA, A. TEE, I. TEGEDER, D. TEIS, N. TEIXEIRA, F. TEIXEIRA-CLERC, K. TEKIRDAG, T. TENCOMNAO, S. TENREIRO, A. TEPIKIN, P. TESTILLANO, G. TETTAMANTI, P. THARAUX, K. THEDIECK, A. THEKKINGHAT, S. THELLUNG, J. THINWA, V. THIRUMALAIKUMAR, S. THOMAS, P. THOMES, A. THORBURN, L. THUKRAL, T. THUM, M. THUMM, L. TIAN, A. TICHY, A. TILL, V. TIMMERMAN, V. TITORENKO, S. TODI, K. TODOROVA, J. TOIVONEN, L. TOMAIPITINCA, D. TOMAR, C. TOMAS-ZAPICO, B. TONG, C. TONG, X. TONG, S. TOOZE, M. TORGERSEN, S. TORII, L. TORRES-LOPEZ, A. TORRIGLIA, C. TOWERS, R. TOWNS, S. TOYOKUNI, V. TRAJKOVIC, D. TRAMONTANO, Q. TRAN, L. TRAVASSOS, C. TRELFORD, S. TREMEL, I. TROUGAKOS, B. TSAO, M. TSCHAN, H. TSE, T. TSE, H. TSUGAWA, A. TSVETKOV, D. TUMBARELLO, Y. TUMTAS, M. TUNON, S. TURCOTTE, B. TURK, V. TURK, B. TURNER, R. TUXWORTH, J. TYLER, E. TYUTEREVA, Y. UCHIYAMA, A. UGUNKLUSEK, H. UHLIG, I. ULASOV, M. UMEKAWA, C. UNGERMANN, R. UNNO, S. URBE, E. URIBE-CARRETERO, S. USTUN, V. UVERSKY, T. VACCARI, M. VACCARO, B. VAHSEN, H. VAKIFAHMETOGLU-NORBERG, R. VALDOR, M. VALENTE, A. VALKO, R. VALLEE, A. VALVERDE, G. VAN DEN BERGHE, S. VAN DER VEEN, L. VAN KAER, J. VAN LOOSDREGT, S. VAN WIJK, W. VANDENBERGHE, I. VANHOREBEEK, M. VANNIER-SANTOS, N. VANNINI, M. VANRELL, C. VANTAGGIATO, G. VARANO, I. VARELA-NIETO, M. VARGA, M. VASCONCELOS, S. VATS, D. VAVVAS, I. VEGANAREDO, S. VEGA-RUBIN-DE-CELIS, G. VELASCO, A. VELAZQUEZ, T. VELLAI, E. VELLENGA, F. VELOTTI, M. VERDIER, P. VERGINIS, I. VERGNE, P. VERKADE, M. VERMA, P. VERSTREKEN, T. VERVLIET, J. VERVOORTS, A. VESSONI, V. VICTOR, M. VIDAL, C. VIDONI, O. VIEIRA, R. VIERSTRA, S. VIGANO, H. VIHINEN, V. VIJAYAN, M. VILA, M. VILAR, J. VILLALBA, A. VILLALOBO, B. VILLAREJO-ZORI, F. VILLARROYA, J. VILLARROYA, O. VINCENT, C. VINDIS, C. VIRET, M. VISCOMI, D. VISNJIC, I. VITALE, D. VOCADLO, O. VOITSEKHOVSKAJA, C. VOLONTE, M. VOLTA, M. VOMERO, C. VON HAEFEN, M. VOOIJS, W. VOOS, L. VUCICEVIC, R. WADE-MARTINS, S. WAGURI, K. WAITE, S. WAKATSUKI, D. WALKER, M. WALKER, S. WALKER, J. WALTER, F. WANDOSELL, B. WANG, C. WANG, D. WANG, F. WANG, G. WANG, H. WANG, J. WANG, K. WANG, L. WANG, M. WANG, N. WANG, P. WANG, Q. WANG, W. WANG, X. WANG, Y. WANG, Z. WANG, G. WARNES, V. WARNSMANN, H. WATADA, E. WATANABE, M. WATCHON, T. WEAVER, G. WEGRZYN, A. WEHMAN, H. WEI, L. WEI, T. WEI, Y. WEI, O. WEIERGRABER, C. WEIHL, G. WEINDL, R. WEISKIRCHEN, A. WELLS, R. WEN, X. WEN, A. WERNER, B. WEYKOPF, S. WHEATLEY, J. WHITTON, A. WHITWORTH, K. WIKTORSKA, M. WILDENBERG, T. WILEMAN, S. WILKINSON, D. WILLBOLD, B. WILLIAMS, R. WILLIAMS, P. WILLIAMSON, R. WILSON, B. WINNER, N. WINSOR, S. WITKIN, H. WODRICH, U. WOEHLBIER, T. WOLLERT, E. WONG, J. WONG, R. WONG, V. WONG, W. WONG, A. WU, C. WU, J. WU, K. WU, M. WU, S. WU, W. WU, X. WU, Y. WU, R. XAVIER, H. XIA, L. XIA, Z. XIA, G. XIANG, J. 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ZHANG, W. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, Z. ZHANG, H. ZHAO, L. ZHAO, S. ZHAO, T. ZHAO, X. ZHAO, Y. ZHAO, G. ZHENG, K. ZHENG, L. ZHENG, S. ZHENG, X. ZHENG, Y. ZHENG, Z. ZHENG, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, Q. ZHONG, A. ZHOU, B. ZHOU, C. ZHOU, G. ZHOU, H. ZHOU, J. ZHOU, K. ZHOU, R. ZHOU, X. ZHOU, Y. ZHOU, Z. ZHOU, B. ZHU, C. ZHU, G. ZHU, H. ZHU, W. ZHU, Y. ZHU, H. ZHUANG, X. ZHUANG, K. ZIENTARA-RYTTER, C. ZIMMERMANN, E. ZIVIANI, T. ZOLADEK, W. ZONG, D. ZOROV, A. ZORZANO, W. ZOU, Z. ZOU, S. ZURYN, W. ZWERSCHKE, B. BRAND-SABERI, C. KENCHAPPA, S. OSHIMA, Y. RONG, J. SLUIMER, and C. STALLINGS

Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

47. Burst-Tolerant $\lambda$-Switching of Electro-Optically Tunable Reflection-type Transversal Filter Laser with Single Active Region

Author

Takahiko Shindo, Saito Yusuke, M. Ishikawa, Yuta Ueda, Shigeru Kanazawa, and Hideaki Matsuzaki

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Laser, Optical switch, Gain-switching, law.invention, Wavelength, Filter (video), law, Reflection (physics), Bandwidth (computing), Optoelectronics, business, Tunable laser
Abstract

We developed a narrow-linewidth electro-optically tunable laser that has a single active region that covers 35-nm bandwidth without slow-speed cavity gain switching. We achieved highspeed and burst-tolerant eight-channel wavelength switching that covers >30-nm bandwidth. Furthermore, practical optical switching for 100-Gbps coherent signals was successfully demonstrated.

Published
2020
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48. Hyperuricemia impaired nitric oxide bioavailablity and deteriorated pulmonary arterial hypertension via a uric acid transporter, URATv1 in xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-independent manner

Author

Tomoko Fukuuchi, T. Ohtsubo, Satomi Imakiire, M. Ishikawa, Tomohito Ishikawa, Takanori Watanabe, K Abe, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, and Kiyoko Kaneko

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, business.industry, medicine, Uric acid, Transporter, Hyperuricemia, Xanthine Oxidoreductase, Pharmacology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Nitric oxide
Abstract

Background Hyperuricemia occurs in approximately 80% in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is positively correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). It has been reported that uric acid (UA) reduced endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO) production in porcine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). However, the effects of UA and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), catalytic enzyme of UA, on the development of PAH have not been fully elucidated. Purpose We examined the followings; (1) the effects of hyperuricemia on the endothelial function and the development of PAH in rats (2) the therapeutic effects of UA transporter inhibitor on PAH in rats, and (3) the role of XOR in PAH in mice. Methods We used normal and 5-wk Sugen5416/Hypoxia/Normoxia-exposed (SU/Hx/Nx) rats. Gene expression levels of URATv1, a UA transporter, were measured by RT-PCR. We determined the isometric tension of PA rings isolated from normal rats. The study with the isolated perfused lung preparation was performed in SU/HX/Nx rats. To investigate the chronic effect of UA on the development of PAH, hyperuricemia was induced by the administration of 2% oxonic acid (OA) in diet for 6-wk. Benzbromarone (BBR, 10mg/kg/day, diet, from weeks 0 to 5), a URATv1 transporter inhibitor, was administered in the SU/Hx/Nx-rats with or without 2%OA. To examine the role of XOR in PAH, XOR+/− and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to 3-wk Nx or Hx (10% O2). Results The mRNA of URATv1 was detected in the normal lungs. Isometric tension study showed that UA (8 mg/dl) inhibited acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation. In perfused lung preparations, UA acutely increased estimated PVR in a dose-dependent manner (1.6–16.0mg/dl) with reducing cGMP levels in the lungs. BBR significantly attenuated the pressor response to UA. UA levels in the plasma and the lung tissues were significantly elevated in SU/Hx/Nx-rats with 2%OA (normal vs. vehicle vs. 2%OA, plasma: 0.24±0.01 vs. 0.80±0.14 and 1.44±0.17 mg/dl; lung tissues: 68±3 vs. 142±3 and 377±46 pmol/g tissue). They exhibited further elevation of right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) (31±2 vs. 72±6 vs. 101±3 mmHg) and Ea (a marker of RV afterload) (0.24±0.04 vs. 0.97±0.15 vs. 2.36±0.49 mmHg/μL) with the exacerbation of occlusive lesions of PAs. BBR had no changes in the UA levels in the plasma (1.93±0.30 mg/dL), but significantly reduced the UA levels in the lung tissues (101±10 pmol/g tissue) and attenuated the increase in RVSP (53±8mmHg) and Ea (0.21±0.05 mmHg/mL) in the SU/Hx/Nx-rats with 2%OA. On the other hand, BBR had no effects on RVSP (76±7 mmHg) and Ea (0.91±0.15 mmHg/mL) in the SU/Hx/Nx-rats without 2%OA. There were no significant differences in RVSP between XOR+/− mice with Hx and WT with Hx (26±2 vs. 26±2 mmHg). Conclusions Hyperuricemia itself impairs endothelial function and deteriorates PAH via URATv1 in a XOR-independent manner. UA can be a novel therapeutic target for PAH. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Published
2020
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50. Hyperuricemia Impaired Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Deteriorated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR)-Independent Manner in Rats

Author

T. Ohtsubo, Satomi Imakiire, K Abe, Tomohito Ishikawa, Kiyoko Kaneko, M. Ishikawa, Tomoko Fukuuchi, Takanori Watanabe, and Hiroyuki Tsutsui

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, medicine, Hyperuricemia, Xanthine Oxidoreductase, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, Nitric oxide, Bioavailability
Published
2020
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