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In this analytical review an attempt to sum up the available data in magnetite nanoparticle-marked stem cells utilization is made. Now this question remains on the experimental study level. Available data is diversified and needs an integral look to be taken. It is found that magnetite nanoparticles are non-toxic for the cells and do not interrupt physiological metabolic pathways. They can also be captured by cell using different transporters. Cells containing the magnetite nanoparticles can migrate along the magnetic flux lines. Animals with traumatic spinal cord lesions that got the nanoparticles-containing cell therapy showed the neurological status improvement. There is very little data in usage of this method in clinical practice; the solution of this problem requires more clinical trials.

The review tries to generalize the data on the efficacy of tantalum based implants’ (including the components of endoprostheses). At present the information on both experimental (on animals) and clinical results of such implants application is available. It is stated that tantalum coating, especially the one treated with alkaline solutions in their production, possesses marked osteoinductive properties. In presence of additional hydroxyapatite or octacalcium phosphate coatings the latter play the role of peculiar “centers of osteogenesis” around which the chemical growth of the future bone mineral matrix takes place that is subjected to remodeling subsequently. It is also shown that tantalum based porous implants are capable of osteointegration and biological fixation with growth of new bony tissue in the pores and trabeculae of the implant and no fibrotic changes at bone-implant interface are detected. Histologic and biochemical data confirm the efficacy of osteogenesis on such implants. Despite certain encouraging results the clinical use of such implants in patients of older age groups requires an additional study.

Purpose of study: to evaluate clinical and roentgenologic results of the use of pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in primary and revision operations to determine the feasibility of radical spinal sagittal imbalance correction at primary surgical intervention.Patients and methods. Retrospective review of 42 patients (30 men and 12 women, mean age 58.5 years) with rigid spinal deformities who underwent PSO was performed. Revision interventions (group R) were performed in 23 cases, primary (group P) in 19 cases. The comparative analysis of spino-pelvic parameters and global spine balance, demographic indices, volume of intraoperative blood loss, duration of surgical intervention, complications in the late postoperative period and quality-of-life indices by SRS-22 and ODI scores was performed. Results. Minimum follow up period was 12 months. Osteotomy was more often performed at L3 level. No differences in the extent of fixation, duration of surgical intervention and degree of segmental correction were detected. The average blood loss was significantly lower in group P (p0.05). Analysis of the late postoperative period changes in roentgenologic parameters showed statistically significant differences for the lumbar lordosis index as well as inconsistency between the lumbar lordosis and pelvic index that were better in group P. Quality of life increased significantly in both groups with the only statistically significant difference in ODI that was better in group P. Serious complications were observed in 47.8 and 38.6% of cases in group R and group P, respectively (p0.05). Revision interventions were required in 26.1% of cases in group R and in 15.8% in group P. Conclusion. In primary surgical interventions use of PSO technique enables to correct global spinal sagittal balance more effectively. Its use in primary interventions ensures lower volume of intraoperative blood loss as well as lower risk of pseudarthrosis formation and neurologic disorders development.

The latest studies on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in biological systems prove their high biocompatibility and possibility to interact with various types of cells including the neurons. This may serve as a basis for potential restoration of the neuronal network after nerve tissue integrity damage. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of MNP on the restoration of hind paws function in experimental animals after spinal cord transection (by 50, 80 and 100%) under the influence of a magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles were inserted into the injury zone via plastic catheter. The degree of function loss and its subsequent restoration was assessed by BBB Locomotor Scale and induced potentials on the first postoperative day and then weekly within one month. Statistically significant (p

The possibility of preservation and use of a resected rib for dorsal fusion at final correction of spinal deformity was studied. Treatment results for 80 patients aged 15 to 45 years, with severe spine deformity (scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis) were analyzed. In all patients two step surgical interventions was performed. Either transpedicular or hybrid (screws and sublaminar cerclage) fixation of the vertebral column were performed in 37 and 43 cases, respectively. After ventral release the resected ribs were stitched to subcutaneous fatty tissue and preserved until the time of final dorsal correction. The follow-up period made up 1 - 2 years. Fusion formation and autograft reconstruction was confirmed by radiologic methods. It was shown that rib auto preservation technique was a simple one, did not require special preservation conditions and allowed to preserve sufficient volume of autograft for final spinal deformity correction.

Retrospective analysis of treatment results for 36 patients (31 females, 5 males) aged 2 - 31 years with congenital scoliosis was performed. Malformation of vertebrae was present in 23 patients, disorder of segmentation - in 9, combined anomalies - in 4 patients. Posterior fusion was performed in 15, combined anterior and posterior fusion - in 7, removal of the semivertebra - 13, and VEPTR technique - in 1 patient. Treatment results were assessed by roentgenographic data and the results of SRS-24 questionnaires. Follow up period made up from 1 to 7 years. Differentiated approach to treatment enabled to create conditions for the proper development of the spine and formation of adequate frontal and sagittal balance as well as to increase patient’s self-appraisal and daily activity.

The purpose of the study was to work out the methods for somatosensory evoked potentials registration under conditions of nerve paths injury in experiment. Evoked potentials were recorded in laboratory animals divided into 5 groups according to the volume of injury inflicted by the technique worked through previously. Potentials were recorded prior to intervention and on 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th and 45th postoperative day. On the 1st day sharp decrease of potential amplitudes was observed in groups with incomplete spinal cord injury. In groups with complete spinal cord injury no potentials were recorded. Slight restoration of nerve conductivity was observed only in rats with 50% spinal cord transection. Study results showed the efficacy of the technique in the assessment of spinal cord tissues conductivity and confirmed the absence of spontaneous nerve paths restoration after more than 50% of spinal cord transection.

The purpose of the study was to work out the methods for somatosensory evoked potentials registration under conditions of nerve paths injury in experiment. Evoked potentials were recorded in laboratory animals divided into 5 groups according to the volume of injury inflicted by the technique worked through previously. Potentials were recorded prior to intervention and on 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th and 45th postoperative day. On the 1st day sharp decrease of potential amplitudes was observed in groups with incomplete spinal cord injury. In groups with complete spinal cord injury no potentials were recorded. Slight restoration of nerve conductivity was observed only in rats with 50% spinal cord transection. Study results showed the efficacy of the technique in the assessment of spinal cord tissues conductivity and confirmed the absence of spontaneous nerve paths restoration after more than 50% of spinal cord transection.

Surgical treatment results of 24 patients, aged 3 — 57 years, with congenital kyphotic deformities of thoracolumbar spine are presented. Disturbance of vertebrae formation was diagnosed in 13 patients, segmentation disorder — in 4, mixed abnormalities — in 1, nonclassifying abnormalities — in 3, congenital dislocations (subluxation) — in 3 patients. Neurologic disorders were observed in 12 patients. Five surgical techniques were used for the treatment of congenital kyphotic deformities: posterior fusion (8 patients), combined dorsal and ventral fixation (6), spinal cord decompression in combination with correction and stabilization (4), resection of hemivertebra (3), VCR (Vertebral Column Resection — 4). After surgical correction the angle of kyphotic deformity made up from 7 to 68° (mean 42°), degree of correction from 6 to 84% (mean 34%). Differentiated use of surgical techniques enables to achieve good treatment results, formation of proper frontal and sagittal balance as well as to create conditions for an adequate spine development.