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Background: The ultimate goal of advanced procedures in prosthetic dentistry is to construct a prosthesis based on the accurate reproduction of condylar guidance. Aim: To compare the sagittal condylar inclination obtained using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), panoramic image, and two articulator systems. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 20 dentate patients in the age group of 20–40 years. Materials and Methods: Sagittal condylar guidance angles (SCGAs) were measured on two semi-adjustable articulators (Hanau Wide Vue and Denar Mark 320) using protrusive interocclusal record. SCGAs were also measured on the CBCT scans (CBCT reconstructed panoramic image and CBCT sagittal cross section) and the panoramic images obtained from the patients. The angles were determined on the radiographs by joining two lines: Frankfort’s horizontal plane and the other plane were drawn by connecting the superior-most point on the glenoid fossa and the inferior-most point on the articular eminence. All the measurements were done twice by two operators independently. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient with a P ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the right and the left side in any of the groups (P ≥ 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the clinical methods (P ≥ 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the clinical and the radiographic methods (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the clinical and radiographic methods with Pearson’s Correlation coefficient above 0.67. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the clinical and radiographic methods. Thus, CBCT and OPG can be used an adjunct to clinical methods to record sagittal condylar guidance.

conventional open pedicle screw fixation (OPSF) with desirable radiological and clinical outcomes. Studies in the Indian context are required to determine the efficiency of MIS over OPSF. Objective To compare restoration and maintenance of vertebral body height (VBH) following MIS versus OPSF. Methods A prospective comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients (n= 36) aged 18–65 years (males = 23, females = 13) with traumatic TL fractures were identified. Eighteen of them underwent OPSF and other eighteen underwent MIS. The radiological outcomes like anterior and posterior vertebral body height percentage (AVBH % and PVBH %) restoration and maintenance were evaluated. Quantitative variables were analyzed and described using mean ± standard deviation and qualitative variables were presented using frequency and percentage. Student t-test was used to analyse continuous data and Chi-square/Fisher Exact test was used to analyse categorical data. Results The mean age of the patients was 38.8 years. The majority of fractures were seen in the T12-LI segment (52.7 %). The AVBH % restoration and maintenance in OPSF was significantly higher compared to that of MIS at immediate post-operative (IPO) period (p = 0.01), 6 weeks (p = 0.02) and 12 weeks (p = 0.006) post-surgery. Long segment stabilization provided statistically significant AVBH and PVBH values for OPSF compared to MIS (p < 0.05). The presence or absence of pedicle screw at fractured vertebral level did not restore AVBH and PVBH to a statistically significant level in both the groups (p > 0.05). Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) was seen in both the groups without any statistical significance between them (p > 0.05). Conclusion OPSF is superior over MIS in the restoration of AVBH. Restoration of PVBH was also better with OPSF although not statistically significant. OPSF with longer segment fixation had better restoration of both AVBH and PVBH. The presence or absence of pedicle screw at fractured vertebral level did not seem to have any significance in both the groups. However, the MIS approach can be a reasonable alternative to open surgery with potential advantages like better clinical and functional outcome. A selected population of patients treated with MIS will show better surgical outcomes.

Background. Stress distribution plays a vital role in the longevity and success of implant-supported prosthesis. This study evaluated the von Mises stress and microstrain in the peri-implant bone and the implant–abutment junction of short dental implants with three different implant–abutment connections in splinted and unsplinted conditions using finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods. In this experimental study, nine transversely isotropic finite element models were developed, and randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 3): control, (Group AC) single-standard 4.3 × 10 mm bone level implant-supported restorations with external hexagonal (EH) connection, internal conical (IC) and internal trichannel (ITC) connection, single short implant-supported restorations (Group AT), and splinted short implant-supported restorations (Group B) for each of the three implant–abutment connections, respectively. A 200 N load was applied along the long axis of the implants and a 100 N (45°) oblique load was applied and von Mises stress and microstrain values were evaluated. Results. Single standard implants demonstrated the highest von Mises stress and microstrain values followed by single short implants and splinted short implants, respectively. Among the implant–abutment connections, the IC connection showed the highest values and the ITC connection showed the least values. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that splinting of short dental implants demonstrated lesser and more homogeneous stress and microstrain, especially on oblique loading. The microstrain values for all connections evaluated were within the physiological loading limit (200–2,500 N) and were hence considered safe for clinical use.

Cyber-attacks are increasing day by day. The generation of data by the population of the world is immensely escalated. The advancements in technology, are intern leading to more chances of vulnerabilities to individual’s personal data. Across the world it became a very big challenge to bring down the threats to data security. These threats are not only targeting the user data and also destroying the whole network infrastructure in the local or global level, the attacks could be hardware or software. Central objective of this paper is to design an intrusion detection system using ensemble learning specifically Decision Trees with distinctive feature selection univariate ANOVA-F test. Decision Trees has been the most popular among ensemble learning methods and it also outperforms among the other classification algorithm in various aspects. With the essence of different feature selection techniques, the performance found to be increased more, and the detection outcome will be less prone to false classification. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with F-statistics computations could be a reasonable criterion to choose distinctives features in the given network traffic data. The mentioned technique is applied and tested on NSL KDD network dataset. Various performance measures like accuracy, precision, F-score and Cross Validation curve have drawn to justify the ability of the method.

Purpose. To study the effect of different surface treatments on the micro-shear bond strength and surface characteristics of zirconia. Methods. Two types of zirconia ceramics were tested: opaque (O) and translucent (T). Each type of zirconia was further allotted into four groups based on the type of surface treatment method. The four groups were: control (C), air abrasion with 110 µm Al2O3 particles (A), etching with Zircos–E Etching solution for 2 hours (E), and a combination of air abrasion and etching (AE). After the surface treatment, all specimens were ultrasonically cleaned and 10 resin cement cylinders were attached to the zirconia discs in each group. A micro-shear bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fracture surfaces were assessed under a compound microscope. SEM, EDAX, and AFM analyses were done for the zirconia specimens after being subjected to surface treatment. Statistical analysis for the bond strength test was done using the Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Post hoc Tukey test. Results. The micro-shear bond strength values for the groups were as follows in megapascals (MPa): OC 18.96 (5.54), OA 22.66 (2.51), OE 28.48 (4.50), OAE 28.63 (4.53), TC 22.82 (5.46), TA 25.36 (5.17), TE 28.12 (4.76), and TAE 32.00 (3.47). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey HSD tests were done which showed significant results in the groups. In opaque zirconia, significant differences were seen in the etching and air abrasion with etching groups when compared with the control and air abrasion groups. There was no difference between the etching and air abrasion with etching groups. For translucent zirconia, the only significant difference was seen in the air abrasion with etching group in comparison with the control and air abrasion groups. The mode of failure was majorly adhesive. The surface topography and surface roughness showed significant differences between the groups. The EDAX results showed material loss that occurred due to sandblasting in the air abrasion groups. Conclusions. Etching with Zircos–E Etching solution significantly increased the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement when compared with other surface treatment methods. In translucent zirconia, the best results can be achieved by combining etching with air abrasion.

Purpose. To investigate and compare the cellular host response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) on four currently used cements. Methods and Material. 5 cement pellet samples were made for each of the 4 test cements (n = 20). The cements used for this study were zinc phosphate, zinc oxide noneugenol (ZOE), RelyX U200, and glass ionomer cement (GIC). One commercially available cell line was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of peri-implant tissues. Direct contact cell culture testing was conducted following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods 10993-5 and 10993-12 (MTT assay test). Cell cultures without dental cement were considered as control. Cells were allowed to grow and confluence over 48 hours after subcultivation according to standard laboratory procedures. The cells were kept in direct contact with the cement samples for 24 hours before being subjected to analysis. All specimens were tested in triplicate to validate the results. Quantitative evaluation of cytotoxicity was done to measure cell death and inhibition of cell growth. Results were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (a = 0.05) followed by Tukey B post hoc test. Results. The results of the study showed that HGF was vulnerable to the dental cement test material. GIC, zinc phosphate, ZOE, and resin cement were cytotoxic in decreasing order, respectively, and significantly reduced the cell viability after exposure to HGF p

Background. To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of feldspathic porcelain to four distinctively surface-treated Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys and to assess the impact of oxidation-heat treatment on porcelain to base metal alloy bond strength. Methods. 40 specimens each of nickel-chromium alloy and cobalt-chromium alloy were cast. A total of four groups of specimens were created. Group I was surface-treated by sandblasting with 50 μm alumina particles, Group II was surface-treated by sandblasting with 110 μm alumina particles, Group III and Group IV were surface-treated with 250 μm alumina particles. In Group IV, after sandblasting initially with 250 μm alumina particles, the alloys were subjected to oxidation and resandblasting with 250 μm alumina particles. Each of the specimen was coated with opaque and body porcelain and fired to a total thickness of 2 mm porcelain. A universal measuring machine was used to assess shear bond strength at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to assess the significant difference within the groups. Unpaired t-test was used for the intergroup comparison of the obtained data. The study showed that the size of the air abrasion particles used for sandblasting significantly influenced the porcelain to metal surface bond strength, with p value

This work presents comparison of ternary combinational digital circuits that reduce energy consumption in low-power VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design. CNTFET and GNRFET-based ternary half adder (THA) and multiplier (TMUL) circuits has been designed using ternary unary operator circuits at 32nm technology node and implement two power supplies Vdd and Vdd/2 without using any ternary decoders, basic logic gates, or encoders to minimize the number of used transistors and improve the energy efficiency. The effect of CNTFET and GNRFET parametric variation with threshold voltage on performance metrics namely delay and power has been analyzed. Dependence of threshold voltage on the geometry of carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon makes it feasible to be used for ternary logic design. It is analyzed that CNTFET based circuits are energy efficient than the GNRFET- based circuits. It is also concluded that the CNTFET-based circuitshas less power-delay product (PDP) when compared to GNRFET- based circuits. CNTFET-based THA is 23.5% more efficient than GNRFET-based THA and CNTFET-based Tmul is97.8% more efficient than GNRFET-based Tmul.All the digital circuits have been simulated using HSPICE tool.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess and correlate the stress distribution in an anterior maxillary implant-supported prosthesis with 0°(degree), 15°, and 25° angulated titanium and zirconia abutments using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods. Six FEA models consisting of a dentate anterior maxilla with a single bone-level implant of dimension 4.2 × 10 mm placed in the region of left maxillary central incisor and abutments of dimension 4.2 mm made of titanium and zirconia each with angulation 0° (IA and IB), 15° (IIA and IIB), and 25° (IIIA and IIIB) and ANSYS Workbench software were utilized to design a layered zirconia crown. Unilateral axial and oblique loads of 178 N were applied on the palatal aspect of the crown of left maxillary central incisor. Average von Mises stress values were evaluated in the implant and the peri-implant bone quantitatively and qualitatively. Results. Stress was shown to increase with an increase in angulation in all the areas that were examined. Zirconia abutments showed lesser stress in the implant and surrounding bone than titanium abutments. When compared with the body and apex of the implant, the implant neck values were higher in all models. In between cortical and cancellous bone, the stress recorded was higher in the cortical bone. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, straight abutments generated a more uniform and minimal stress in implant and peri-implant bone than angulated abutments. Titanium abutments generated higher stress levels than zirconia abutments. The stresses generated are directly proportional to an increase in abutment angulation, and therefore, straight abutments are most suitable for favourable stress transmission.

Introduction: Etizolam is a benzodiazepine that has anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, amnesic, and muscle-relaxant properties. It is used in adults with anxiety, depressive, somatization symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Aims: The aim of the study was to chart review the use and safety of Etizolam in children and adolescents. Settings and Design: This study was a retrospective chart review. Methods: Patients who are on Etizolam and had at least 2 weeks follow-up were included for the study. The indications, effectiveness, and adverse effects were noted. Statistical analysis used: Data was analysed using Epi Info 7. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: 57 (38.51%) patients had been treated with Etizolam. The mean age of children was 13.59 years (7-18 years). Amongst the patients prescribed Etizolam, 37 (64.91%) had a data of follow-up of at least 2 weeks. 25 (67.57%) patients had moderate to complete improvement, 5 (13.51%) had mild improvement and 7 (18.92%) had no improvement. The adverse events were noted only in 3 (8.11%) patients. Conclusions: Etizolam is effective in treating common psychiatric symptoms and disorders in children and adolescents and is well tolerated with minimal adverse effects.

Chronic nonpuerperal inversion of the uterus is uncommon and is usually associated with a fundal submucous myoma extrusion. We report herewith the case of a young lady with hitherto asymptomatic long standing mass per vagina presenting acutely with vaginal bleeding and shock. The mass was a uterine myoma. She underwent hysterectomy in view of extensive necrosis.

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, online social networks are extensively utilized, more than ever before by 8.4%, resulting in the propagation of false information related to COVID‐19. Despite the existence of many fake news detection models; annotation inconsistency, memory consumption, accurate and self‐trained efficient algorithms for detecting the emerging COVID‐19 misinformation tweets are still challenging. Hence, the main aim of this work is to come up with a self‐trained semi‐supervised model that accurately and automatically detects the reliability of emerging COVID‐19 tweets without delay. In this work, COVID‐19 tweet dataset is created in English Language from the period January 2020 to January 2022 as a ground truth database. Then self‐trained semi‐supervised hybrid deep learning model is proposed to train both supervised and unsupervised components simultaneously using the created dataset. The proposed model is self‐trained repeatedly and the model gets updated to predict the reliability of upcoming COVID‐19 tweets that differ from training tweets. We performed experiments multiple times by limiting the percentage amount of labelled tweets shown to the model, namely 80%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% labelled tweets, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves 80.92% accuracy and 98.15% accuracy in the 10% and 80% label‐seen experiments, respectively. This shows a clear rising trend in the performance curve. Therefore, this technique will be useful for effectively classifying voluminous amounts of emerging tweets generated as part of the COVID‐19 infodemic. The proposed model may efficiently use a huge amount of unlabelled tweets and enhance the model's generalization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemorrhage is a significant complication associated with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL). CT angiography (CTA) has emerged as a valuable tool for preoperative assessment of renal vasculature, potentially reducing the risk of hemorrhage during the procedure. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients who underwent mini-PCNL for renal calculi between January 2020 and December 2022. Preoperative CTA was performed on all patients to assess renal vascular anatomy. The degree of renal vascularization and presence of aberrant vessels were noted. Mini-PCNL procedures were then performed according to standard techniques. Results: Of the 100 patients, 25 (25%) exhibited aberrant renal vascular anatomy on CTA. The presence of aberrant vessels was associated with a significantly higher risk of intraoperative hemorrhage (p < 0.05). However, among patients with normal renal vascular anatomy, the incidence of hemorrhage was significantly lower. Additionally, patients with aberrant vessels required longer operative times and had higher rates of postoperative complications. Conclusion: Preoperative assessment with CTA provides valuable insights into renal vascular anatomy, allowing for the identification of aberrant vessels that may predispose patients to intraoperative hemorrhage during mini-PCNL. Incorporating CTA into the preoperative workup can aid in surgical planning and risk stratification, potentially reducing the incidence of hemorrhage and improving procedural outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]