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Background. On March 24, 2020, a nationwide Lockdown for 21 days was ordered by the Government of India which was then extended till May 31, 2020. Researchers have predicted lockdown is a necessary step to prevent COVID-19 spread. However, others have also stated that it could cause serious damage to the economic, mental, social, and physical well-being of the people. Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of lockdown on the quality of life and well-being of the Indians. Methods. It is a cross sectional prospective web-based questionnaire study. A link (https://forms.gle/pX25VuahP5NxT88QA) was created. Total 426 responses were received via that link and the data was included in the statistical analysis. Results. Our study revealed that during the lockdown 61.5% of the respondents were performing physical activities lesser than before. More than half responded they had a reduced financial satisfaction. Most answers on emotional well-being and social-family wellbeing were also positive, but some responses showed disturbing too, like 22% felt anxious and nervous over half of the days. It was found in the study that physical, financial, emotional, mental, social and family wellbeing were disturbed during the lockdown and quality of life was also hampered. Conclusion. Though, may be Nationwide Lockdown was the most required action at that point of time to prevent virus spread, but our study revealed that uncertainty regarding its cure and management guidelines like lockdown and social distancing has badly affected quality of life and wellbeing of the population.

Abstract Land use and land cover change are affecting the global environment and ecosystems of the different biospheres. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of these changes is of utmost importance as they often results in several global environmental consequences such as land degradation, mass erosion, habitat deterioration as well as micro and macro climate of the regions. The advance technologies like remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) are helpful in determining/ identifying these changes. In the current study area, changes in carbon stocks, notably in forest areas, are resulting in considerable dynamics of carbon stocks as a result of climate change and carbon sequestration. This study was carried out in the Diamer district of the Gilgit Baltistan (GB) Pakistan to investigate the change in cover change/land use change (particularly Forest Land use) as well as carbon sequestration potential of the forests in the district during almost last 25years. The land cover, temporal Landsat data (level 1, LIT) were downloaded from the USGS EROS (2016), for 1979-1989, 1990-2000 and 2001-2012. Change in land uses, particularly forest cover was investigated using GIS techniques. Forest inventory was carried out using random sampling techniques. A standard plot of size 0.1 ha (n=80) was laid out to determine the tree density, volume, biomass and C stocks. Simulation of C stocks was accomplished by application of the CO2FIX model with the data input from inventory. Results showed a decrease in both forest and snow cover in the region from 1979-2012. Similarly decrease was seen in tree volume, tree Biomass, dynamics of C Stocks and decrease was in occur tree density respectively. It is recommended we need further more like project such as BTAP (Billion Tree Afforestation Project) and green Pakistan project to increase the forest cover, to control on land use change, protect forest ecosystem and to protect snow cover.

Eski Türkçenin devamı olan Karahanlı diğer bir ifadeyle Hakaniye Türkçesinden XII-XIV. yüzyıllarda Harezm Türkçesi aracılığıyla gelişen, XV. yüzyılda özellikle Timur hanedanı döneminde önemli bir yer edinen Çağatay Türkçesi birçok Türk topluluğunun resmi, edebi ve kültürel dili haline gelmiştir. Türkologlar arasında tartışmalı bir terim olan Çağatay, bu adı Cengiz Han’ın ikinci oğlundan almaktadır. Biz de bu çalışmamızda Çağatay Türkçesiyle yazılmış ve Tarikatname diye adlandırılmış bir metnin transkripsiyonunu yaptık ve sözlüğünü hazırladık

Abstract Background In vitro data suggests that suboptimal initial vancomycin exposure may select for heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) infections. However, no clinical studies have evaluated the relationship between initial vancomycin exposure and emergence of hVISA. This pilot study seeks to assess the relationship between day 1 and day 2 vancomycin area under the curve (AUC) and emergence of hVISA bloodstream infections (BSIs) by Etest® macromethod among patients with a non-hVISA BSI at baseline. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) BSIs at Albany Medical Center Hospital (AMCH) between January 2005 and June 2009. The vancomycin AUC exposure variables on day 1 (AUC0-24h) and day 2 (AUC24-48h) were estimated using the maximal a posteriori probability (MAP) procedure in ADAPT 5. Results There were 238 unique episodes of MRSA BSIs during the study period, 119 of which met inclusion criteria. Overall, hVISA emerged in 7/119 (5.9%) of patients. All 7 cases of hVISA involved patients who did not achieve area under the curve over broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC0-24h/MICBMD) ratio of 521 or an AUC24-48h/MICBMD ratio of 650. No associations between other day 1 and day 2 AUC variables and emergence of hVISA were noted. Conclusions Although more data are needed to draw definitive conclusions, these findings suggest that hVISA emergence among patients with non-hVISA MRSA BSIs at baseline may be partially explained by suboptimal exposure to vancomycin in the first 1 to 2 days of therapy. At a minimum, these findings support further study of the relationship between initial vancomycin exposure and hVISA emergence among patients with MRSA BSIs in a well-powered, multi-center, prospective trial.

This paper examines the legislation and regulation of insurance repositories. The basic conditions and requirements of creating and functioning of the new insurance market institute were studied. The basic requirements for managing personal of insurance repository were noticed. The study reveals the interaction mechanism of insurers and insured at the book-entry insurance policies turnover market via creation of the new institute, which is set to issue and control electronic insurance coverage.

The paper justified essence of genetic engineering as the object of insurance services. Defines the concept of risk gene transferring. The character features of this specific risk. The influence and consequences for agricultural producers. The description of the possible creation of the concept of insurance services that cover risk of gene transferring. The study reveals of the use of GMOs in agriculture, due to issues of economic security of a particular region or country as a whole. To determined the impact of risks and control for developing and developed countries that are important aspects of farming. Changes in weather, climate, productivity, price values, public policy, the situation on global markets can cause large fluctuations in agricultural production, and consequently affecting the income of agricultural producers. Risk management includes a range of strategies that reduce the social and financial implications of possible changes affecting the production and income of farmers. There is a need for an in-depth study of the theoretical and practical aspects of the impact of the risk of gene transferring in the context of insurance protection.

Background. Hemophagocytosis is a rare, potentially fatal disorder, comprising pancytopenia, liver dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperferritinemia presenting as fever, lympha­denopathy and skin rashes. Objective. To attract the clinicians’ attention to a problem of hemophagocytosis in Critical Care management. Methods. Hemophagocytosis secondary to pharyngeal abscess in a 58 year old male is being reported. Results. A 58-year-old immunocompetent patient presenting with hemophagocytosis secondary to pharyngeal abscess, was managed on ventilator and inotropic support, when he developed heathcare-associated urinary tract infection by Escherichia coli and ventilator-associated pneumonia by Acinetobacter baumanii. He developed neutropenic septic shock and multi-organ dysfunction and went through a downhill course leading to demise. Conclusions. Hemophagocytosis remains a sinister entity in modern intensive care despite astute clinical management. Secondary superinfections with opportunistic multidrug resistant pathogens are difficult to treat. A high index of clinical suspicion, aggressive diagnosis and prompt treatment for hemophagocytosis and polymicrobial opportunistic superinfections with multidrug-resistant healthcare-associated pathogens needs to be addressed upfront.

The article outlines the main trends of compulsory insurance of civil liability in Ukraine and abroad. There were major problems allocation and market law. Highlighting the main trends and vectors of insurance of civil liability of vehicles. Consider the possible prospects of development and the comparative characteristics of insurance of civil liability of owners of vehicles in Ukraine and abroad. The influence of state supervision in terms of law and supervision of insurance companies in the form of civil legal insurance. Described problems insurance of civil liability of today. Compulsory insurance of civil liability of owners of vehicles, which aims to protect the property interests of citizens and legal persons in case of adverse effects is important for society. In the study of the mandatory insurance of civil liability of attention paid to the compulsory insurance of civil liability of owners of vehicles.

Financial stability of agricultural producers the most effective method to stimulate the development of agricultural insurance, which is part of the insurance premium compensation to agricultural producers for insurance contracts and regulation of insurance state. Government support of agricultural producers with their property insurance provides in a many developed countries (USA, Canada, Spain, etc.), through which achieved a high level of insurance in the agricultural sector of the economy. In Ukraine agricultural insurance also carried out with government support, but its development is characterized by slow pace. Problems of development of agricultural insurance and solutions determine the relevance of the study of this problem. Agriculture is the key to food security. Insurance system should provide financial support to rural producers. That damage the agricultural sector affect not only the interests of the producers and the state in general, there is a need to create a basis for substantial government support for agriculture. Considerable support can be carried out through government subsidies producers or insurers in insurance operations.

The article outlines the main trends of compulsory insurance of civil liability in Russia : problems, trends and prospectsInsurance of civil liability – one of the popular forms of distribution and security in the world. The essence of compulsory insurance of civil responsibility is to protect the property interests of individuals. The development of liability insurance goes along with technological progress and reinforced by various laws and regulations, it touches almost all areas of life.

Spinal cord compression due to extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare complication of thalassemia and generally presents as paraparesis with sensory impairment. Complete paraplegia is extremely rare in EMH due to thalassemia although it is known to occur in polycythemia vera and sickle cell anemia. Treatment options mostly include surgery and/or radiotherapy. Whereas cases presenting with paraparesis have been treated with either surgery or radiotherapy with equal frequency and efficacy, almost all reported cases with paraplegia have been treated with surgery with or without radiation therapy. We hereby report a case of thalassemia intermedia with paraplegia treated successfully with radiotherapy.