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BACKGROUND AND AIM: The FGFR3 gene plays an important role in regulating growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. The genetic changes of the FGFR3 gene are one of the most important factors in bladder cancer. Active mutations of FGFR3 have been observed in about 70% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers. The present study was conducted to evaluate T375C mutation of FGFR3 gene in genomic DNA extracted from bladder epithelial cells and the risk of bladder cancer. METHODS: In this case-control study, 100 healthy individuals and 100 patients with bladder cancer who referred to health centers in northern Iran were selected using convenience sampling after confirmation of the diagnosis of this disease after pathological examinations of the biopsy. Differences in the frequency of allele and genotype were evaluated. After urine centrifugation, genomic DNA was extracted from cell precipitate using commercial kit. The status of T375C mutation of FGFR3 gene was studied using specific primers and tetra-ARMS-PCR technique. FINDINGS: The frequency of genotypes was 94% (TT), 4% (TC) and 2% (CC) in the case group versus the absence of the TC and CC genotypes in the control group. There was a significant relationship between allelic and genotypic distribution (p = 0.0124 and p = 0.0192, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the T375C mutation of the FGFR3 gene may be a genetic susceptibility factor to bladder cancer.

The essential oil was isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Cleome iberica DC. at a yield of 0.1% w[sol ]w, based on dry weight. The oil was analysed by a combination of GC and GC-MS; 26 components were identified, constituting 99.8% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were carotol (21.8%), germacrene D (15.8%), β-cubebene (15.5%), trans-nerolidol (5.6%), δ-cadinene (4.5%) and hexyl acetate (4.0%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydro-distilled volatile oil from the roots of Plumbago europaea L. was obtained at a yield of 0.2% w/w based on dry weight. The oil was analyzed by a combination of GC and GC-MS. Fifteen components were identified constituting 95.3% of the oil. The major constituents in the root oil were plumbagin (69.1%), 1-octen-3-yl acetate (9%) and limonene (5.7%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Glucocorticoids are one of the most important drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia for children. It is very important to response to glucocorticoid in the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, resistance to treatment is a major problem in lymphoid leukemia cases. In, this study, CCRF-CEM cell line was selected as a chemotherapy-resistant model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high dose prednisolone on induction of apoptosis and changes in BAX and BCL-2 gene expression at different times. Methods: CCRF-CEM cell lines were grown in standard conditions. Based on previous studies, a dose of 700 μM as subtoxic dose was selected. Changes in gene expression of BAX and BCL-2 were evaluated by using real time PCR techniques. Also stained with annexin V and the induction of apoptosis was assessed by FACS machine. Results: In this study it was found that prednisolone in high doses at different times significantly increased the gene expression of BAX and on the other hand the amount of BCL-2 expression was reduced. Cells that treated for 48 hours had more significant changes in gene expression. Based on flowcytometry data, prednisolone can induce apoptosis in a time dependent manner on this cancerous resistant cell line. Conclusions: Apoptosis induced by high-dose prednisolone in the CCRF-CEM cells, which is almost resistant, and possibly mediated by reducing the expression of BCL-2 and BAX up-regulation., (Creative Commons Attribution License)

Background: Glucocorticoids are probably the most important drugs in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Prednisolone exerts its effect by induce apoptosis in lymphoid lineage cells. Micro RNAs are 18-24 nucleotides RNA implicated in the control of essential biological functions, including apoptosis. In the following study, the effect of prednisolone on the expression of miR 15a & miR16-1 and apoptosis in the CCRF-CEM cell line is investigated., Methods: The cell line of CCRF-CEM was cultured in standard conditions. The changes in the miR 15a and miR 16-1 expression levels were determined by Real Time-PCR technique. Also, the apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V and PI staining., Results: This study revealed that, the prednisolone induced apoptosis in a time dependent manner. Prednisolone in concentration of 700 µM was significantly increased the expression of miR 16-1 and miR 15a after 24 h and 48 h treatment (p<0.05)., Conclusion: prednisolone-induced apoptosis might be mediated by up-regulation of these 2 miRNAs in CCRF-CEM cells., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product widely used in sports medicine, tissue repair, and general surgery. A recent meta-analysis showed this product to be beneficial when introduced into a wound area, be it intra-articular (i.e., joint-injections) or direct introduction onto the wound surface., Methods: Between the years of 2012 and 2014 a questionnaire evaluating surgical outcome after port (venous access device) removal was answered by 100 patients in the control group and 20 patients in a PRP group, leading to a total of 120 patients in this single center, retrospective, subjective outcome evaluation., Results: No statistical difference was shown in postsurgical complication rates, postsurgical pain, decreased mobility, and overall quality of life. A significant difference was shown in overall patient satisfaction and the desire to further improve port area scarring. Results differed significantly in favor of the PRP group. Interestingly, approximately 40.2% of patients are dissatisfied with the surgical outcome after port removal in the control group. This result, though surprising, may be improved to 10% dissatisfaction when a PRP product is used., Conclusion: PRP products such as Arthrex ACP are safe to use and present an additional option in improving surgical outcome.

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus, Convolvulus arvensis, Secale cereale and Sinapis arvensis as affected by water-and methanol-soluble constituents of Persian and Berseem clovers. Aboveground tissues of the clovers were collected during flowering stage and dried. Three concentrations of aqueous and methanolic extracts were used: full-strength (33.3 g L(-1)), half-strength (16.7 g L(-1)) and quarter-strength (8.3 g L(-1)). The weed seeds were placed in petri dishes contained the legume extract, or distilled water (control). Percent seed germination was taken after a week. In general, seed germination of the weed species declined progressively with increasing concentration of the clover extracts. It was found that wild mustard exhibited the greatest sensitivity to both the legume extracts. Compared with aqueous extract, methanolic extract caused more decline in seed germination of the weeds. In addition, compared to Persian clover, Berseem clover was stronger inhibitor of seed germination. Therefore, the amounts of allelochemicals may be different in these clovers. Field bindweed showed the least sensitivity to both the legume extracts. Therefore, field bindweed had probably more tolerance to the allelochemicals produced by the clover species.