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In this study, porous cationic hydrogen (H + ) conducting polymer blend electrolytes with an amorphous structure were prepared using a casting technique. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CS), and NH 4 SCN were used as raw materials. The peak broadening and drop in intensity of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the electrolyte systems established the growth of the amorphous phase. The porous structure is associated with the amorphous nature, which was visualized through the field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The enhancement of DC ionic conductivity with increasing salt content was observed up to 40 wt.% of the added salt. The dielectric and electric modulus results were helpful in understanding the ionic conductivity behavior. The transfer number measurement (TNM) technique was used to determine the ion ( t ion ) and electron ( t elec ) transference numbers. The high electrochemical stability up to 2.25 V was recorded using the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) technique., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest

In this study, the solution casting method was employed to prepare plasticized polymer electrolytes of chitosan (CS):LiCO 2 CH 3 :Glycerol with electrochemical stability (1.8 V). The electrolyte studied in this current work could be established as new materials in the fabrication of EDLC with high specific capacitance and energy density. The system with high dielectric constant was also associated with high DC conductivity (5.19 × 10 -4 S/cm). The increase of the amorphous phase upon the addition of glycerol was observed from XRD results. The main charge carrier in the polymer electrolyte was ion as t el (0.044) < t ion (0.956). Cyclic voltammetry presented an almost rectangular plot with the absence of a Faradaic peak. Specific capacitance was found to be dependent on the scan rate used. The efficiency of the EDLC was observed to remain constant at 98.8% to 99.5% up to 700 cycles, portraying an excellent cyclability. High values of specific capacitance, energy density, and power density were achieved, such as 132.8 F/g, 18.4 Wh/kg, and 2591 W/kg, respectively. The low equivalent series resistance ( ESR ) indicated that the EDLC possessed good electrolyte/electrode contact. It was discovered that the power density of the EDLC was affected by ESR .

In this work, we present the results of the magnetic, critical, and magnetocaloric properties of the rhombohedral-structured La 0.55 Bi 0.05 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 cobaltite. Based on the modified Arrott plot, Kouvel-Fisher, and critical isotherm analyses, we obtained the values of critical exponents ( β , γ , and δ ) as well as Curie temperature ( T C ) for the investigated compound. These components were consistent with their corresponding values and they were validated by the Widom scaling law and scaling theory. The obtained critical exponents were close to the theoretical prediction of the mean-field model values, revealing the characteristic of long-range ferromagnetic interactions. The magnetic entropy, heat capacity, and local exponent n ( T , μ 0 H ) of the La 0.55 Bi 0.05 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 compound collapsed to a single universal curve, confirming its universal behaviour. The estimated spontaneous magnetization value extracted through the analysis of the magnetic entropy change was consistent with that deduced through the classical extrapolation of the Arrott curves. Thus, the magnetic entropy change is a valid and useful approach to estimate the spontaneous magnetization of La 0.55 Bi 0.05 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 ., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)