Search

Nanoparticle additives and water emulsified fuels have been reported by many researchers to be the best methods in emission control and improving engine performance. The effects of nano additives the engine combustion and exhaust emission are thoroughly discussed from numerous researches from the past. The temperature of the carbon combustion is lowered by Cerium Oxide which improves the oxidation of HC. Complete fuel combustion is then achieved this way. The nano additives are then further discussed of its effects to humans by way of toxicity, engine corrosion, real time applications and limitations that ensue. The liver and kidney are seen to be affected by nano materials due to its toxicity. In dosing nanoparticles additives in diesel and biodiesel that are dosed with nanoparticle additives are reported by most researchers to enhance the performance of engines and reduce emission characteristics. Ce2O3, Copper, water-based coolants and Al2O3 are the targeted nanomaterials. Thus, there are advantages and disadvantages of application nano-additives on engines and effects on humans.

Solar energy is one of the widely used renewable energy that can be harnessed either by directly deriving energy from sunlight or indirectly. Solar water heating system, on the other hand, is one of the applications of solar energy that has drawn great attention among researchers in this field. Solar collectors, storage tanks and heat transfer fluids are the three core components in solar water heater applications, which are reviewed in this paper. This paper discusses the latest developments and advancement of a solar water heater based on the three basic components that may affect the thermal performance of the system. It also reviews the development of various types of solar collectors in solar water heater, including both the non-concentrating collectors (flat plate collector, evacuated tube collector) and the concentrating collectors (parabolic dish reflector, parabolic trough collector). All these are studied in terms of optical optimization, heat loss reduction, heat recuperation enhancement and different sun tracking mechanisms. Among the non-concentrating and concentrating collectors, the parabolic dish reflector collectors show the best overall performance. The use of nanofluids as a heat transfer fluid was also discovered in this paper.

Nowadays, the issues of air pollution and global warming have become serious as the atmosphere contaminated with harmful gases from human daily life use of vehicles and industrial manufacturing process, leading to global warming and greenhouse effect. These had emphasised the need for better engines with higher performance and less emission level towards non-harmful and friendly environmental vehicle axillary. There are various techniques and methods used for such purposes. For instance, the nano gas dissolve technique can be used for fuel enhancement through a better combustion reaction by adding more oxidant gases molecular into combustion reaction. Dissolved gases can improve engine combustion performance for reducing the levels of harmful gas emission. The property of small nano particles helps to join or mix or transport interfacial within large molecules of fuels to mix up together and form new combination, introducing different chemical properties. Thus, this paper introduces a pre-design concept for fuel enhancement technique by dissolving nano gases such as air or oxygen into the gasoline fuel, taking advantage of hammer shock phenomena in fluid flow. It presents a case study for understanding combustion influence through use of gas dissolve technique with theoretical calculation validating the condition. The validating results obtained from the theoretical calculation and chemical theoretical results reactions theoretically expressed significant development in combustion mixture. Such technology can provide better fuel improvement for future recommended work by direct integration of the nano bubble generator hardware mobile size device on the fuel supply line. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The author would like to thank University Putra Malaysia and Universiti Malaysia Pahang (www.ump.edu.my) for providing research facilities and grant. The study is supported by GP-IPS research grant from UPM with project code GP-IPS 9525100 and FRGS grant under KPT-UMP RDU160152.

In this century, global on-road passenger vehicles raised rapidly with concerns regarding of air pollutions, greenhouse, climate change, economical and human life safety. However, what are the new vehicles emission standards implementation regulation involved? How can new emission regulation impact vehicle performance and environment pollution reductions? What is (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure - WLTP)? How can (WLTP) regulation promote improvement to vehicle quality in reduction of emission to lower level possible and add more performance to the vehicles for open market? What is the real-world on-road (Real world Drive Emission- RDE) test new emission regulation and its demand? Why vehicle manufactures should present both emission level of laboratorial engine emission level and vehicle (RDE) emission level in EU? Presenting an accurate vehicle pollutant determination due to new EU regulation procedure of (WLTP) will help the consumer identifying the regulation cost fee and tax in registration the vehicle. Methodology based on comparative EU regulation assessment and (WLTP) regulation vehicle emission control technologies assessment. The paper focus on viewing, the potential of pollution regulation (WLTP) for vehicle emissions reductions. Provide an outline of the status of the EU vehicle pollution emission regulations information and identify priorities options and recommendations to the introduction of the (WLTP). Offering information gridline data for researchers in future study for the strict pollution regulation adopted by European countries and its impact on future academic study of vehicle emission experimental process in non-applicable countries, contribute the procedure process of (RDE) emission implementation test within (WLTP) to be familiar by researchers for future intended joining the regulation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The author would like to thank University Putra Malaysia and Universiti Malaysia Pahang (www.ump.edu.my) for providing research facilities and grant. The study is supported by GP-IPS research grant from UPM with project code GP-IPS 9525100 and FRGS grant under MOE-UMP RDU160152.

In recent years, many researches have been performed to find suitable alternative fuels to petroleum products. In the present investigation, an experimental work has been carried out to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition DI engine fuelled with the blends of biodiesel at the different engine speed. The performance parameters evaluated were torque, brake power (BP), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and the emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC). The results of experimental investigation with biodiesel blends with diesel are compared with that of diesel. The performance parameter in terms of torque and BMEP are 12.5 % and 9% less for B5 and B10 than diesel respectively. BP for diesel was higher about 6 % compared to biodiesel blends. The results indicated that the UHC, CO and CO2 emissions are slightly less than diesel; UHC emissions were also observed to be 4% less for B5 and B10 compared to diesel, CO emissions were also observed to be 5% less for B5 and B10 compared to diesel and CO2 emissions were also observed to be 1% less for B5 and B10 compared to diesel. In a nutshell, performance characteristics for biodiesel were lower compared to diesel which not much significant difference, while emission characteristics for biodiesel blend were improved compared to diesel.

In recent years, many researches have been performed to find suitable alternative fuels to petroleum products. In the present investigation, an experimental work has been carried out to examine the fuel properties test for pure diesel, diesel blended with silicon oxide nano, diesel blended with titanium oxide nano and diesel blended with graphene nanoplate which are namely as D, DS5, DT5 and DG5 respectively. The results indicated that the pure diesel fuel density is higher than DT5 by about 1%. However, this value is reduced to about 1% for DG5 and DS5 respectively compared to diesel fuel due to the blending effects. Meanwhile, in calorific value test, DS5 fuel energy content is lower than diesel by about 1.5%. However, this value is reduced to about 1.43% and 1.37% for DG5 and DT5 respectively compared to diesel fuel due to the blending effects.

Solar water heating systems is one of the applications of solar energy. One of the components of a solar water heating system is a solar collector that consists of an absorber. The performance of the solar water heating system depends on the absorber in the solar collector. In countries with unsuitable weather conditions, the indoor testing of solar collectors with the use of a solar simulator is preferred. Thus, this study is conducted to use a multilayered absorber in the solar collector of a solar water heating system as well as to evaluate the performance of the solar collector in terms of useful heat of the multilayered absorber using the multidirectional ability of a solar simulator at several values of solar radiation. It is operated at three variables of solar radiation of 400 W/m2, 550 W/m2 and 700 W/m2 and using three different positions of angles at 0º, 45º and 90º. The results show that the multilayer absorber in the solar collector is only able to best adapt at 45° of solar simulator with different values of radiation intensity. At this angle the maximum values of useful heat and temperature difference are achieved. KEYWORDS: solar water heating system; solar collector; multilayered absorber; solar simulator; solar radiation

Biodiesel is an important renewable energy candidate for the future energy. To improve the fuel properties, many experimental works and trial for the fuel blend. The fuel enrichment method by addition of nano-additives is widely accepted by numerous researchers. The nano-additives are used to achieve specific fuel properties and to improve the performance characteristics and to attain a good emission control of the Compression Ignition (CI) engine without any modification. It is important to blend in right concentration in order to avoid the effect on fuel properties. This paper reports the calculation on how to measure concentration of blending biodiesel fuel with nanoparticles with the appropriate method which is mass concentration method. This paper investigates the details of concentration measurements of blending biodiesel (B7) with SiO2 nanoparticle by using the mass fraction method for only 0.5 liter of fuel. This method also can use for other types of fuel and nanoparticles. Thus, by using the correct method of mass concentration would not be affect to its fuel properties, engine performance and also exhaust emissions.

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This paper reports the results of various researches on the engine performance and emission characteristics of Diesel engine using nano particles additives in diesel, biodiesel and water emulsified fuels. There are two methods of reducing the exhaust gas emission of the Diesel engine. First method is to reduce the emissions by using exhaust gas treatment devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, use of these devices affects the performance of Diesel engine. Second method to reduce emissions and improve performance of CI engine is the use of fuel additive. Main pollutants of Diesel engine are oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). However, it is difficult to control NOx and PM simultaneously. Many researchers report that the best method to control the emissions and improve the engine performance is the use of nano particles additives and water emulsified fuels. This research paper also reports the biodiesel fuel as an alternative to diesel fuel by using various nano particle additives. Comparative studies of effects on various properties of diesel and biodiesel fuels without/with water contents and nano particles additives by previous researchers are done. Most of the researchers reported improved engine performance and reduction in emission characteristics with dosing of nano particles additives in diesel and biodiesel.