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PurposeThis study investigates the transmission of art-related aspects (i.e. art products or services and people's experiences at museums) via word-of-mouth (WOM) from a personality perspective. Specifically, the study explores the effects of the Big Five personality traits (based on the five-factor model) and market mavenship (i.e. the propensity to provide general marketplace and shopping information) on intention to spread WOM in the art context.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered through two field surveys, conducted via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression analysis.FindingsResults indicate that extraversion is the only Big Five personality trait that increases WOM intention (e.g. by talking to others about a visit to a museum). Market mavenship also increases such an intention (e.g. by talking to others about art services).Practical implicationsThe study's findings could motivate arts managers to formulate and/or refine segmentation strategies around their consumers' personality traits, since these variables may differently motivate them to spread art-related WOM. The findings may also help companies and institutions operating in the art industry to design communication strategies oriented around their consumers' personality type to appropriately connect with different groups of customers based on their innate human drives.Originality/valueThis is the first study to assess the effects of Big Five personality traits and market mavenship on WOM intention in the art context, thus expanding scholarly understanding of psychological drivers behind arts-related WOM.

Previous research suggests that consumers would listen more to product recommendations from other consumers (human recommenders) than from systems based on artificial intelligence (AI recommenders). We hypothesize that this might depend on the type of product being recommended, and propose an underlying process driving this effect. Three experiments show that, for hedonic products (but not for utilitarian products), human recommenders are more effective than AI recommenders in influencing consumer reactions toward the recommended product. This effect occurs because, when compared to AI recommenders, human recommenders elicit stronger mentalizing responses in consumers. This, in turn, helps consumers self-reference the product to their own needs. However, humanizing AI recommenders increases mentalizing and self-referencing responses, thus increasing the effectiveness of this type of recommenders for hedonic products. Together, these findings provide insight into when and why consumers might rely more on product recommendations from humans as compared to AI recommenders.

While the concept of experience has attracted considerable attention in tourism, the research on psychological flow, as a mental state that tourists may derive from extraordinary experiences, has r...

Background The marketing literature suggests that consumers prefer simple messages; however, text clarity—i.e., the extent to which a message is communicated in plain and unambiguous language—has rarely been investigated in the context of health claims. Scope and approach Focusing on extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), this commentary investigates how text clarity affects this product's perceived healthiness, and whether such a perception enhances consumers' intentions to purchase the product and share positive word-of-mouth about it. Furthermore, it investigates whether the degree of arousal—an emotional state of activation—elicited by health claims moderates the effect of perceived healthiness on consumers' intentions. An experiment with 80 participants examined their responses to the four EVOO health claims authorized by the European Union (EU). Participants' arousal was assessed through FaceReader™, while two moderated-mediation analyses assessed the aforementioned effects. Key findings and conclusions Text clarity increased EVOO's perceived healthiness, which in turn enhanced participants' intentions. However, there was an interaction between EVOO's perceived healthiness and arousal, such that perceived healthiness increased participants' intentions when health claims elicited greater arousal. The study is the first to investigate the moderating role of arousal—using an innovative approach based on physiological measures—in the relationships between health claim clarity, perceived product healthiness, and consumers' intentions toward EVOO.

PurposeThis study examines the effect of both objective knowledge (i.e., what arts audience members actually know about art) and subjective knowledge (i.e., what arts audiences members think they know about art) on their propensity for experience-sharing (i.e., the tendency to share art-related experiences with other individuals). In addition, the study examines the role of culture (i.e., whether arts audiences belong to an individualistic or collectivistic culture) on the above-mentioned relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered through a field survey at a large contemporary art museum in Italy, conducted via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression analysis.FindingsResults indicate that both subjective and objective knowledge positively affect arts audiences’ propensity for experience-sharing, such as talking to others about a visit to an art gallery. Moreover, such effects appear to vary depending on culture: objective knowledge seems to positively influence experience-sharing when audiences belong to collectivistic cultures, whereas subjective knowledge seems to positively influence experience-sharing when they belong to individualistic cultures.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings could motivate arts managers to emphasize the implementation of international communication strategies aimed at reinforcing arts audiences’ subjective and objective knowledge since these variables are positively associated with their propensity for experience-sharing with others.Originality/valueThis is the first study to assess the effects of objective and subjective knowledge, alongside the cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism, on arts audiences’ propensity for experience-sharing.

PurposeThe aim of the study is to explore the chain of relationships between service attributes, consumers' perceived benefits, fulfilment of personal goals, satisfaction judgements and future intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis research proposes and implements a model of consumer satisfaction in the performing arts. The model is based on means-end chain theory and incorporates consumer involvement as a moderator. The paper is a quantitative study using a questionnaire administered in Romanian theatres, the country chosen because of its post-communist profile.FindingsA partial least squares structural equation modelling analysis revealed that both core and peripheral attributes' evaluations were positively related to perceived benefits, which in turn were positively related to goal fulfilment. Acting as a mediator, goal fulfilment predicts satisfaction, which positively influences a series of intentions regarding supportive behaviours such as recommendation, donation, subscribing and repurchasing. Consumer involvement partially moderates the relationships within the proposed model.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research offer opportunities for future studies. First, as this study was conducted in Romania, the obtained results are not easily generalisable to other geographical or cultural contexts. Second, future studies could extend the proposed model to include other constructs that may be connected to satisfaction in performing arts. They could also apply the model (or an extended alternative) to adjacent fields such as opera, or live jazz, in order to explore whether the patterns of results which emerged here hold in other situations.Practical implicationsFrom a practical perspective, the research has implications for performing arts managers by offering actions to improve cultural consumption. First, the results support the idea that satisfaction is a key construct to investigate, even in the field of performing arts, as it can predict future positive intentions. Thus, arts managers should strive to maximise consumer satisfaction. From a marketing perspective, consumer satisfaction could be increased by improving core and peripheral service attributes, but especially the latter. The research provides means for audience segmentation in terms of consumer goals, benefits, and involvement. Arts managers should devote special attention to increasing consumer involvement in services provided.Social implicationsThe research provides a different view on the performing arts evaluation considering the theatregoers' perceptions. This type of evaluation is useful to understand the specificities of the audiences and to respond to their needs accordingly, contributing from a social point of view to audience development and making arts accessible to a wide range of people in a variety of ways: physically, geographically, socially and psychologically.Originality/valueThis research explores a new model of customer satisfaction in performing arts in a post-communist country, such as Romania, and the findings have implications at both theoretical and practical level. From a theoretical perspective, it contributes to a better understanding of the cognitive and emotional processes underlying the formation of satisfaction judgements in performing arts. The obtained findings are particularly useful for expanding current knowledge of how consumers think and behave with respect to performing arts. From a practical perspective, the findings have implications for arts managers deciding how to develop marketing strategies aimed at increasing satisfaction, and the consequential supportive behaviours towards performing arts.

This research examines how individuals’ vacation preferences may vary due to their reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, it investigates the influence of age on the individuals’ negative...

This article examines the ways in which ‘Chinese walls’ – that is, information barriers within financial institutions – are constituted and subverted by acts of trespass within large investment banking firms in New York. While Chinese walls positively serve to prevent corruption and fraud, they simultaneously attract legal, semi-legal and illegal forms of trespassing. My analysis shows that some trespassing is based on non-verbalized and embodied exchanges of information that are not in and of themselves illegal. Referred to as playing ‘the game’, the result of these forms of trespass is that the Chinese wall becomes an ‘effect’ or fiction. At other times, trespassing can cause inconvenient suspicion, encouraging those who operate amid these walls to participate strategically in various aspects of wilful blindness. Together, these examples reveal the conceptual and material relationships between ‘seeing’ and ‘knowing’, thereby highlighting the complexity of information flows in financial institutions and demonstrating how the critical regulation of financial capitalism is sometimes weakened.

PurposeThis research investigates the effectiveness of the four health claims that the European Union (EU) authorized for extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) in terms of perceived text clarity, text interestingness, message credibility and information diagnosticity, along with the claims' effect on product attractiveness and consumers' purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental study with 185 participants investigated consumer response to the four claims. A one-way MANOVA analyzed differences in the aforementioned variables, while a sequential mediation model assessed the relationship among perceived text clarity of the EVOO health claims, information diagnosticity, product attractiveness and purchase intention.FindingsThe four EU-authorized health claims differ in terms of perceived text clarity, message credibility, information diagnosticity and product attractiveness. Specifically, the health claim on EVOO polyphenols scored lower than the other three health claims on the aforementioned dependent variables. Importantly, clearer health claims are perceived as more useful and may increase product attractiveness and consumers' purchase intention.Originality/valueThe research sheds light on the effectiveness of EVOO health claims. Since the use of such health claims is not a common practice in the EVOO market, a deeper understanding of consumers' perception and attitude toward them could inspire better guidelines and suggestions for claim usage and improvement.

Museums and art galleries may benefit from creating an image of environmentally responsible organizations using green marketing messages. However, the effectiveness of these messages often depends ...

This research investigates electronic entrepreneur-related word of mouth (EEWOM), that is, the social dissemination of information about entrepreneurs via the Internet. Two experimental studies shed light on the interplay between the valence (negative vs. positive) of EEWOM, its language style (concrete vs. abstract), and the consumer–brand relationship (weak vs. strong) in shaping consumers’ brand evaluation. Study 1 shows that, when EEWOM is positive, abstract (vs. concrete) language leads to a higher brand evaluation. When EEWOM is negative, abstract (vs. concrete) language leads to a lower brand evaluation. Furthermore, an entrepreneur’s perceived personal qualities mediate this interaction effect on brand evaluation. Study 2 shows that the consumer–brand relationship moderates the interaction between EEWOM valence and language style. When the consumer–brand relationship is strong, positive abstract (vs. concrete) EEWOM leads to a higher brand evaluation. When the consumer–brand relationship is weak, negative abstract (vs. concrete) EEWOM leads to a lower brand evaluation. These empirical findings not only enrich the literature on word of mouth by exploring the consequences that EEWOM can have on brands and the mechanism underlying its effects on brand evaluation, but also carry implications for managers, who could leverage the obtained results to better handle EEWOM messages.

OBJECTIVES Transposition of the great arteries is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect. Surgical correction usually occurs in the first week of life; presence of restrictive interatrial communication and severe hypoxemia warrants urgent intervention with balloon atrial septostomy and medical stabilization prior to surgery. The main objective of this study is to compare the characteristics, outcomes, and mortality risks in patients with transposition of the great arteries who underwent balloon atrial septostomy during their hospitalization versus transposition of the great arteries patients who have not undergone this procedure. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of administrative data. SETTING Data from Kids' Inpatient Database complemented with the National Inpatient Sample dataset for the years 1998-2014, this includes data from participating hospitals in 47 U.S. States and the District of Columbia. PATIENTS Neonates admitted with transposition of the great arteries. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 17,392 neonates with diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries were captured in the databases we used. Male-to-female ratio was 2:1. The rate of balloon atrial septostomy in patients with transposition of the great arteries was 27.7% without significant change over the years. There was no significant difference in mortality between balloon atrial septostomy and no balloon atrial septostomy (6.3% vs 6.7%; p = 0.29). Neonates with balloon atrial septostomy had a two-fold increase in their length of stay compared with no balloon atrial septostomy (16 d vs 7 d; p < 0.0001). Stroke was present in 1.1% of balloon atrial septostomy group versus 0.6% in those who did not have balloon atrial septostomy (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.29-2.65; p < 0.0001). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used more in balloon atrial septostomy group (5.1% vs 3.1%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in mortality rate between balloon atrial septostomy and no balloon atrial septostomy patients. The prevalence of the diagnosis of stroke in this study was higher in patients who underwent balloon atrial septostomy. Furthermore, comparison of in-hospital mortality in balloon atrial septostomy and no balloon atrial septostomy revealed increased mortality risk in no balloon atrial septostomy patients transferred from other institution, no balloon atrial septostomy patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and balloon atrial septostomy patients diagnosed with stroke. Finally, length of stay and charges were higher in balloon atrial septostomy patients.

Purpose This study aims to integrate and extend existing approaches from self-identity literature by examining the underexplored aspects of online private self-disclosure. The study first explores the experiential value co-created when consumers voluntarily self-disclose on public platforms. Second, it sheds light on what motivates such consumers to disclose private self-images and experiences, thus giving up some degree of privacy on an unrestricted platform. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted 65 laddering interviews and observed the profiles of ten consumers, who actively posted self-images on Instagram, through a netnographic study. Then, this study implemented a means-ends chain analysis on interview data. Findings This study found that online private self-disclosure can involve a co-created experiential value that consists of consumers’ self-affirmation, affective belief and emotional connection. These value components derive from three higher-order psychological consequences – empowerment, buffering offline inadequacy of self-worth and engagement – and four functional consequences – opportunity to learn, online control, self-brand authenticity and impression management. Implications Operationally, this study proposes that Instagram could be configured and synched with other social networking sites to provide a more complete representation of the online self. Using algorithms that simultaneously pull from other social networking sites can emotionally connect consumers to a more relevant and gratifying personalized experience. Additionally, managers could leverage the findings to tailor supporting tools to transfer consumers’ private self-disclosure skills learned during online communication into their offline settings. Originality This research contributes to the extant marketing literature by providing insights into how consumers can use private self-disclosure to co-create experiential value, an emerging concept in modern marketing that is key to attaining satisfied and loyal consumers. This study shows that, even in anonymous online settings, consumers are willing to self-disclose and progress to stable intimate exchanges of disclosure by breaking their inner repression and becoming more comfortable with releasing their desires in an emotional exchange.

This commentary serves to reflect upon the conception and development of a set of guidelines for the awareness of sexual abuse in ayahuasca settings, an assortment of scenarios that take place in local and global settings entailing the use of a psychedelic brew known for producing visionary and purgative effects composed of Amazonian Banisteriopsis caapi (ayahuasca vine) most commonly combined with the leaves of Psychotria viridis (chacruna) or Diplopterys cabrerana (chaliponga). The globalization and diaspora of ayahuasca expertise, usage, and plant materials has broadened the diversity of individual and group interactions and geographical and social contexts in which this hallucinogenic concoction is ingested, and thus given rise to a range of possibilities which also may, despondently, include possibilities for sexual harassment and abuse. Here, the authors raise the key issues and processes that have led to formation, publication, and dissemination of the Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines’ Ayahuasca Community Guide for the Awareness of Sexual Abuse, focusing specifically on the needs for such guidelines, as well as the challenges faced in collaboratively creating them. The creation of guidelines as a form of education is a task wrought with concerns, as they must first and foremost convey the fact that abuse is never the victim/survivor’s fault, and yet they must also aim to inform individuals of potential common scenarios that can lead to abuse. In this sense, guidelines themselves are held up to scrutiny, and the process of collaboratively crafting the Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines’ Ayahuasca Community Guide for the Awareness of Sexual Abuse has not been an exception. The authors stress the importance of research and experience in understanding the complexities of the contexts in which potential abuse can occur, particularly around issues of consent and intercultural communication. The overall aim is one of education at all levels; not just in better informing participants but, in doing so, being part of a broader goal of changing the potential scenarios themselves.

Luxury goods are typically marketed by global brands and are associated to excellence, exclusivity and premium pricing. However, consumers may buy and consume luxury goods because of internal and self-related motivations—e.g., individual style and quality—or of external and others-related motivations—e.g., status signaling and prestige. This research develops a measurement scale of such luxury consumption motivations, here called “internalized” and “externalized” motivations, thereby assessing which of them prevails. Moreover, by testing the scale, this research provides a segmentation of consumers based on the degree of correlation between their different motivations and some relevant constructs connected to them (i.e., Big Five personality traits, dark triad dimensions, negative values, and compulsive buying). Results show important differences in the antecedents of internalized and externalized luxury consumption acts. Implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed.

The objective of this study was to use current national data to evaluate the characteristics and survival trends of preterm infants born with CDH from 2004 to 2014. Data was queried from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and KID database from 2004 to 2014. Infants were included if diagnosed with CDH by ICD-9 coding and gestational age

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight opportunities for the banking sector arising from the population’s aging and the expected reduction in pension incomes. Home equity conversion (HEC) instruments are a potentially useful way of restoring households’ finances and satisfying their needs, with implications for the demand for financial services. Design/methodology/approach By using an ordered probit regression model, the paper analyzes data obtained from a survey of 2,000 Italian households. Findings The main finding of this paper is that individuals with greater familiarity with consumer credit, a cognitive and decision-making approach favorable to use of credit, and an internal locus of control show greater interest in various forms of equity conversion. Originality/value This paper extends the analysis of the determinants of individuals’ interest in HEC products. It focuses more closely than the existing literature on households’ credit behaviors, attitudes toward credit and locus of control. The paper helps identify the potential targets of marketing campaigns and commercial proposals, and highlights the levers that the banks can focus on in communicating with customers and future prospects. Moreover, this paper suggests that there is a need to develop greater awareness on the part of people who could be interested in these products. Therefore, appropriate financial education projects should be implemented to develop a better “credit” culture, with due appreciation of the usefulness of credit as a means of supporting household budgets.

Camping is a relevant form of slow tourism that may deliver memorable experiences to tourists and thereby contribute to human development. This chapter presents an empirical study on the central features of a memorable camping experience. The results show that campers develop positive memories about experiences that convey a sense of refreshment, facilitate a connection with local culture, and are generally enjoyable. Such features increase their satisfaction and lead them to share positive word of mouth and return to the campsite in the future. The chapter concludes with a discussion of implications for scholars, managers, and policy-makers.

Based on the perspective of dual-system information processing, this article explores how word-of-mouth (WOM) referral affects the purchase intentions of consumers with different types of self-construal. Two experimental studies, using WeChat as a research setting, tested the interactive influence of type of WOM referral (economic vs. public welfare) and type of self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) on consumers&rsquo, purchase intention toward the referred product and its intermediary mechanism. The results showed that economic (vs. public welfare) WOM referrals, which emphasize a product&rsquo, s economic benefits, increased the purchase intention of consumers with an independent (vs. interdependent) self-construal, who typically take an individualistic perspective. In contrast, public welfare (vs. economic) WOM referrals, which emphasize the social benefits connected to a company for the community at large, increased the purchase intention of consumers with an interdependent (vs. independent) self-construal, who take a more collectivistic perspective. The results also shed light on the underlying mechanism by showing that different types of self-construal activate different information processing systems in consumers, which mediate consumers&rsquo, reaction to different types of WOM referrals. Specifically, economic WOM referrals can inspire consumers with an independent self-construal to engage in more emotional processing, thereby generating higher purchase intentions, in contrast, public welfare WOM referrals can stimulate consumers with an interdependent self-construal to get involved in more cognitive processing, thereby generating higher purchase intentions. These findings contribute to WOM literature and provide practical implications for companies adopting societal marketing strategy and implementing sustainable promotional plans.

The use of temporary employment has increased in China, but few studies to date have analyzed the outcomes of the employment relationship type (permanent vs. temporary) from the perspective of psychological compensation. In this study, we examine the moderating effect of employees’ need for status on their responses to an organization’s permanent versus temporary employment relationship practices. Based on symbolic self-completion theory, we hypothesize that, compared to those with a permanent employment relationship, employees with a temporary employment relationship exhibit higher levels of vigor when they have a higher (vs. lower) need for status. Furthermore, we hypothesize that higher levels of vigor motivate employees to work better and voice more. A survey study conducted in China with 303 employees and their managers from governmental organizations and state-owned enterprises provides support for these hypotheses. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications.

Tourism industry is facing an unprecedented crisis due to the global spread of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, due to the novelty of the phenomenon, there is a shortage of studies ...

Chronological age (i.e., the number of years one has lived) has often been considered the most critical aspect of understanding the human aging process. However, a substantial body of research has shown that aging is a multidimensional process that involves biological, social, and psychological aspects. By focusing on the psychological dimension of aging, this chapter presents an extensive literature review of subjective age (often referred to as feel-age), which describes how old an individual perceives oneself to be. After presenting the main definitional and measurement issues related to this construct, the chapter discusses the potential discrepancy between subjective age and chronological age with respect to older people, who typically feel younger than their chronological age. Importantly, the chapter elucidates how this discrepancy is malleable, as it varies in magnitude across cultural contexts, age groups, individuals, and situations, and considers the main consequences of this phenomenon for older consumers.

En este articulo presento una discusion y analisis sobre genero en la Amazonia sudoccidental, tal y como se presenta en las comunidades Ese Eja bolivianas y peruanas. Empiezo con un pequeno relato etnografico, a manera de ilustracion del gran poder social que las mujeres ejercen y el matiz profundo que el genero impone a la expresion social de conflicto. Enmarco esto, a su vez, dentro del contexto mas amplio del papel que las mujeres juegan dentro de mundos cada vez mas hibridos. Con el fin de abordar la cuestion del conflicto social y el genero, me baso inicialmente en las ideas de Rubin y Butler, analizando las ideologias Ese Eja sobre sexo y genero, y los aspectos corporales y performativos de la personeidad (personhood) asociados al genero. Aunque reconozco la importancia de las categorias de genero basadas en la anatomia, expresadas en yawe («hombre») y epona («mujer»), considero importante enfatizar la forma en la que el genero como parte esencial de la identidad es «actuado» (performed) y vivido (Butler 1988, 1990, 1993; Epstein y Straub 1992; Garber 1992). Propongo que la interpretacion cotidiana de un determinado papel construye estereotipos y conocimientos genero-especificos, que acaban siendo finalmente percibidos como el reflejo de las diferencias anatomicas en el nivel del sexo. En este capitulo busco tambien salvar la contradiccion existente entre teorias discursivas y materialistas del cuerpo amazonico.

This research investigated how the use of a prominent versus subtle branding strategy and status consumption affect consumers’ intention to buy luxury products across emerging and mature markets. To this end, an experimental study with consumers in India (emerging market) and the United States (mature market) was conducted. The results suggest that Indian (but not U.S.) consumers with a higher status consumption tendency are more willing to purchase prominently branded luxury products than subtly branded ones. On the other hand, U.S. (but not Indian) consumers with a lower status consumption tendency are more willing to purchase subtly branded luxury products than prominently branded ones. The paper discusses these findings, highlights their contribution to luxury research, and illustrates their practical value for luxury companies interested in targeting mature and emerging markets.

Tour experiences often comprise sequences of episodes, yet little is known in tourism research on how two common situational factors might alter individuals' evaluation of such multi-episode experiences: hedonic trend (i.e., the order of such episodes) and perceived time pressure (i.e., individuals' perception of limited available time). Two studies (i.e., an online experiment on a multi-city tour and a field experiment in a multi-site archaeological park) examine the interaction between these two factors by showing that individuals exhibit better evaluative responses (i.e., liking and revisit intention) to multi-episode tour experiences when such experiences have an ascending hedonic trend (i.e., their constituting episodes unfold in an increasing attractiveness order) rather than a descending one (i.e., the same episodes unfold in the opposite order). Importantly, individuals' perception of time pressure reverses this tendency. Our findings carry theoretical and managerial implications on how to design multi-episode tour experiences.

Social media have become an indispensable tool for promoting events and tourist destinations, but some tourism organizations are still unable to exploit their full potential. The present research a...