Search

This article is about, the new analytical wave solutions of Kuralay-II equations (K-IIAE and K-IIBE) along new definition of derivative have been explored. For this purpose, expa function, extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion scheme and generalized Kudryashov schemes have been utilized. The resulting solutions are dark, bright, dark-bright, periodic, singular and other kinds of solitons. These results are obtained and also verified by Mathematica tool. Our gained solutions are newer than the present solutions in the literature. The gained results can also be fruitful for the development of model in future. The schemes used in this research are effective, easy and reliable to handle the other fractional non-linear partial differential equations (FNLPDEs).

This work demonstrates a simple and inexpensive electrochemical biosensing pathway for selective and sensitive recognition of 17β-estradiol (E2) in environmental and food samples. The biosensing system is based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C

Spices have been used since ancient times. A spice can be purchased in a variety of forms, including fresh, whole dried, or pre-ground dry, which requires additional processing before being used as a value-added product. Spices have been shown to help prevent and treat a range of ailments, including cancer, aging, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. Bangladesh is already experiencing the adverse effect of global warming and climate change. For that reason, government of Bangladesh has placed special emphasis on the development of minor crops under crop diversification programme. Bangladesh has 0.83 million of hectares of land under Charland which English meaning riverine island with 64 to 97 percent of it under cultivable as a result vast area of unfavorable eco-system specially char land may be selected to produce minor spices. The present review aims to know the suitability and yield performance of minor spices at charland of Bangladesh during rabi 2019-2020. In the experiment black cumin, fennel, coriander, fenugreek and dill considered as minor spices which were produced in char land well performed. They have extra character of well developed root length for uptake of water when faced water scarcity. Char land may be selected to produce minor spices for full fill the demand of our country and save foreign currency.

In this study, hematite nanotube (HNT) and tyramine-based advanced nano-drug carriers were developed for inhibiting the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae).

In this study, depth-wise concentration variations of twenty-five elements (Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Th and U) and their contamination levels were studied using two sediment cores from two different Ranges of the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh. It was observed that there was a decreasing trend in concentrations of most of the studied elements from surface to the deeper layers and the rate of concentration decrement at the core from Satkhira Range was less than that of the core from Chandpai Range, indicating a more anthropogenic effect on the Chandpai range near Mongla seaport area. Different pollution indices (Igeo and EF) indicate that sediments of the Sundarbans are minor to moderately contaminated by As, Sb, Cs, REEs, Th and U. Therefore, this study suggests that proper steps should be taken to save the sensitive mangrove forest from elemental pollution.

This work demonstrates a simple and inexpensive electrochemical biosensing pathway for selective and sensitive recognition of 17β-estradiol (E2) in environmental and food samples. The biosensing system is based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and a conductive polymer 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The proposed biosensor shows the ability to detect E2 in attomolar levels within a wide linear logarithm concentration range of 1×10− 6 to 1×10− 18 molL− 1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.9×10− 19 molL− 1. The selectivity of the developed biosensor was confirmed by conducting the DPV of similarly structured hormones and naturally occurring substances. The proposed biosensor is highly stable and applicable to detect E2 in the presence of Spiked food and environmental samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 96.8 to 104.8%. So, the designed electrochemical biosensor might be an effective alternative tool for the detection of E2 and other endogenous substances to attain food safety.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Bangladesh, and the implementation of a control programme for this disease is at an early stage, according to the FAO- and OIE-proposed Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) Roadmap. To develop an effective control programme, understanding of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes, even subtypes within the serotypes is essential. The present investigation aims at viral VP1 coding region sequence-based analysis of FMD samples collected from 34 FMD outbreaks during 2012-2016 in Bangladesh. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O was responsible for 82% of the outbreaks in Bangladesh, showing its dominance over serotype A and Asia1. The VP1 phylogeny revealed the emergence of two novel sublineages of serotype O, named as Ind2001BD1 and Ind2001BD2, within the Ind2001 lineage along with the circulation of Ind2001d sublineage in Bangladesh, which was further supported by the multidimensional scaling with distinct clusters for each sublineage. The novel sublineages had evident genetic variability with other established sublineages within Ind2001 lineage. Ten mutations with three or more amino acid variations were detected within B-C loop, G-H loop and C-terminal region of the VP1 protein of FMDV serotype O viruses isolated exclusively from Bangladesh. Furthermore, two amino acid substitutions at positions 197 and 198 within the VP1 C-terminal region are unique to the novel sublineages. The existence of widespread genetic variations among circulatory FMDV serotype O viruses makes the FMD control programme complex in Bangladesh. Adequate epidemiological data, disease reporting, animal movement control, appropriate vaccination and above all stringent policies of the government are necessary to combat FMD in Bangladesh.

Poultry production is considered one of the prospective opportunities to accomplish sustainable and quick production of superior protein to challenge the growing mandate for animal protein. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the difference on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and amino acid profile of different Japanese quails strains. A total of 480 quail chicks of four different plumage colors (120 of each white, golden, gray and brown) were collected after hatching. At 6 week of age, birds were stunned and decapitated to determine the physical meat quality, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and amino acid profile. White quails had the highest weight of slaughter, carcass, dressing, carcass yield, liver, gizzard, heart and spleen (197.27 g, 169.27 g, 91%, 82%, 6.63 g, 6.53 g, 2.27 g and 0.40 g, respectively). Also, they had the highest PhU, lightness, yellowness and water holding capacity with the lowest level of redness, cooking losses and thiobarbituric acid in pectoral (6.28, 46.40, 12,46, 22.17, 9.20, 19.21 and 0.44, respectively) and thigh muscles (6.37, 42.30, 11.51, 26.01, 10.12 and 0.93, respectively). Moreover, they possessed the highest level of all essential (11.68 and 10.16 g/100 g protein in pectoral and thigh muscles, respectively) and non essential amino acids (13.27 and 12.54 g/100 g protein in pectoral and thigh muscles, respectively). Therefore, the current study revealed that white quails had the heaviest body weight with the best carcass traits and meat quality.

The electroless and electrolytic deposition of silver from a solution containing silver nitrate in either an ethylene glycol (EG)-choline chloride based or a urea-choline chloride based ionic liquids has been carried out onto steel and copper cathodes by simple immersion, constant current and constant potential methods at room temperature. It has been found that electroless silver deposits of up to several micronshave been obtained by dip coating from both urea and EG based ionic liquids without the use of catalysts. The influences of various experimental conditions on electrodeposition and morphology of the deposited layers have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It has been observed that crack free bright metallic coloured silver coatings can be obtained from both EG and urea based ionic liquids at the applied deposition potentials up to -0.40 V and applied deposition current densities up to -5.0 A m-2 at room temperature. The cathodic current efficiency for the deposition of Ag is about 99%.

Maize inbred lines were evaluated by using line × tester method involving 11 lines and 3 testers for grain yield and its components through estimation of general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) effects. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed indicated wide range of variability present among the genotypes. The crosses with high sca effect for grain yield were evolved from high × low general combiner parents which reveled additive × dominance type of gene action. The cross combinations 9MS4-1 × L22, 9MS4-1 × L486, 9MS4-2 × L431, 9MS4-11 × L486 and 9MS4- 15 × L431 with high positive sca effect having high mean values might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22547 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 675-683, December 2014

An experiment was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur during the period from May to November 2010 to study the effect of thickness of polythene bags on quality of soybean seed during storage. Seven levels of thickness of polythene bags viz. i) 0.02mm, ii) 0.03mm, iii) 0.04mm, iv) 0.05mm, v) 0.06mm, vi) 0.07mm and vii) 0.08mm were include as treatment in the trial. Seed moisture content, germination percentage, vigor and seedling dry matter weight were taken during May to November 2010 at two month intervals. Results showed that during the storage period the lowest seed moisture content and highest germination percentage, vigor index, seedling dry matter weight and field emergence were found for seed stored in 0.08mm thickness polythene bags. The germination of seed at two months after storage ranged between 76% to 95.3% and that was between 0% and 90.7% after six months of storage under ambient room condition. Soybean seed could be stored safely at ambient condition with more than 80% germination for six months by keeping them in polythene bags having thickness between 0.03mm to 0.08mm with 8% seed moisture content. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22550 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 709-716, December 2014

The aim of this study is to asses the result of fenestration and discectomy for the treatment of PLID. This Prospective quasi experimental study was conducted on 29 Patient of PLID with different ages at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2016. Post Operative outcome was assessed through Modified Macnab CriteriaVisual Analogue Score (VAS). The mean age of patient were 38.14±9.20 years and ranging from 24 to 55 years. The mean age of male was 37.21±9.72 years and female patient was 39.90±8.32 years. Overall subjective assessment of this study revealed that 79.2% patients had excellent functional outcome, 13.8% good and 6.9% fair and there was no poor functional outcome a according to modified Macnab criteria.

The best performer hilly chickens in consideration of light and heat were assessed under rural conditions. Based on the survey, the chickens and farm household were selected. The chickens were provided supplementations of concentrate feed (50g/chicken/day). The selected chickens were divided into 3 groups (heat stress, light and control) for the study of their egg production potential. Heat was generated in the chicken's shelter by keeping a black shaded light (Lantern) for 2 to 3 h more after sunset. A lighting device (Lantern) was kept in the chicken's shelter for 2 to 3 h more after sunset for increasing the duration of day light. Temperature and humidity index was calculated from the recorded temperature and humidity. The individual chicken's egg production, egg weight and mature live weight were studied for different types of hilly and non-descriptive desi chickens. It was observed that hilly chickensproduced more eggs than desi. The hen house egg production percentage (19.95%) and yearly egg production (90no/year/chicken) of desi white was significantly higher than spotted hilly (17.29% and 83.4 no egg, respectively) but reddish brown hilly type produced more number (100.80 no/year/chicken) of eggs than all types. The egg weight varied from 41.27 g to 43.85 g. Mature live weight were significantly different between hilly and desi(1438.70 g vs 1309.27 g). Among the 3 treatments, the lighting group hilly chickens produced 7.71 and 5.60 more eggs than control and heat stress group, respectively. One hour lighting length increased egg production by 4 to 5.8%.

The specialized wasp cells teratocytes (TCs) are derived from the embryonic serosal membrane of some parasitic hymenopteran insects. As a parasitic factor, TCs are multifunctional in host regulation, such as host nutritional deprivation, immunosuppression and developmental arrest; however, little is understood about their genetic constituents. The present study provides a comprehensive view of the genes expressed by TCs through a transcriptome analysis based on RNA sequencing technology. The assembled 34 686 contigs (>200 base pairs) were annotated into different functional categories, indicating a distinct distribution in gene transcripts compared with those of haemocytes and fat body. The TC transcriptome contained components of insulin signalling and biosyntheses of juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. TCs also expressed various groups of digestive enzymes, indicating that they have nutritional role for the growing parasitoid larvae in parasitism. Furthermore, through this transcriptome analysis two kinds of immunosuppressive serine protease inhibitors (serpins) and Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) were annotated. To determine the biological functions of these factors, we devised ex vivo RNA interference (RNAi) by conducting knockdown of gene expression in in vitro-cultured TCs followed by injection of the treated TCs to test insects. Ex vivo RNAi revealed that some serpins and RhoGAPs expressed in TCs inhibited host cellular immunity. This study reports a transcriptome of the unique TC animal cell and its immunosuppressive genetic factors using ex vivo RNAi technology.

Combining ability was studied for kernel yield and yield components in a 8×8 diallel cross of waterlogged tolerant maize. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for all the characters studied. Additive genetic variance was preponderant in plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and kernel weight and non-additive gene action was involved in days to silking, number of kernels per ear and kernel yield. The parental lines E-31 and E-79 were found to be the best general combiners for yield. The good combining parents for different traits could be used in hybridization to improve yield and other desirable traits as donor parents for the accumulation of favourable genes. The cross combinations, E 31× E 40, E 31× E 64, E 31× E 79, E 38× E 40, E 58× E 79, E 63× E 79, E 64 × E 79 showing significant and positive sca effects can be used for commercial hybrid variety development after verifying them at different locations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20430 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 283-291, June 2014

Aqueous Fe3+ can be quantified spectrophotometrically at 360 and 500 nm following its quantitative extraction from SO4 2– medium by Cyanex 302. Beer’s law is followed (up to 50 ppm Fe3+) provided (i) a 5 min phase agitation is used, (ii) aqueous pH(ini) in extraction is kept at 2.9 ± 0.05, and (iii) [Cyanex 302] = 0.30% (v/v). The color is stable for at least 2 months. The estimated e360nm and e500nm are 1820 and 970 l/mol∙cm, respectively. The tolerance limits of some cations and anions have been determined. The method has been applied in the analysis of some metallurgical samples.

It is now firmly established that TSH may influence the physiology and patho-physiology of bone by activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclast activity resulting in relative osteoprotection. Whether this influence is directly exerted by pituitary-derived TSH in vivo is less certain, because we have previously reported that the suppression of pituitary TSH does not remove such protection. Here, we have characterized the functional relevance of a novel form of the TSH-β subunit, designated TSH-βv, known to be produced by murine bone marrow cells. We found that fresh bone marrow-derived macrophages (MØs) preferentially produced TSH-βv and, when cocultured with CHO cells engineered to overexpress the full-length TSH receptor, were able to generate the production of intracellular cAMP; a phenomenon not seen in control CHO cells, such results confirmed the bioactivity of the TSH variant. Furthermore, cocultures of MØs and osteoblasts were shown to enhance osteoblastogenesis, and this phenomenon was markedly reduced by antibody to TSH-β, suggesting direct interaction between MØs and osteoblasts as observed under the electron microscope. These data suggest a new paradigm of local modulation of bone biology by a MØ-derived TSH-like molecule and raise the question of the relative contribution of local vs pituitary-derived TSH in osteoprotection.

The present research work was undertaken to choose the most effective sugar concentration in in vitro microtuberization from cultured shoot tips and to select the best substrates for minituber production from ex vitro transferred plantlets. Percentage of survivability of microtuber producing plants increased with the increase of sucrose concentration. Best survival rate and average diameter of tuber per plant was found at 10% sucrose. Minituber production on direct field showed best performance. It was observed that after 30 days, maximum shoot length per plant (188.87 mm) was found on the direct field whereas the lowest shoot length per plant (66.81 mm) was on coconut dust. Lowest weight of tuber per plant was also recorded on the substrates containing coconut dust. The highest weight of tuber was found in direct field. In case of, average diameter of tuber per plant, 25% soil + 75% coconut dust showed minimum result and on the other hand, in direct field, large size of tubers were found.

In this paper, we consider a confidential communication through multi-cellular co-located multiple-input multiple-output (C-MIMO) and distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) networks in the presence of an eavesdropper. The base station (BS) of each cell sends a common stream of information to a group of receivers within the cell and an eavesdropper observes their communications. We are interested to protect these information from eavesdropping, so that no eavesdropper can decode any information. Moreover, we investigate the performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detectors in enhancing security in multi-cellular MIMO networks considering their presence at the receivers and eavesdropper. Our results show that although the D-MIMO system is more sensitive to interference than C-MIMO system but in the high interference region, the effect of interference on both the MIMO models are almost same. The increase in transmit antennas enhances security and the MRC and MMSE detectors perform better than the ZF detector when the number of transmit antennas is very small.

A line × tester analysis was conducted in maize involving 12 lines and 3 testers for grain yield and its components to determine the heterosis as well as general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed indicated wide range of variability present among the genotypes. GCA and SCA variance for yield per plant number of kernels per row and 100-kernels weight were observed significant, which indicated importance of additive as type of gene action for these characters. The ratio of SCA and GCA variances were high for the all character studied that revealed the preponderance of non additive type of gene action. Standard heterosis ranged from 28.29 to 28.41%; -12.29 to 24.38%; -1.11 to 24.44%; -14.75 to 6.67%; -17.24 to 11.26% and -10.94 to 20.83% for grain yield per plant, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter and 100-kernel weight, respectively. The lines IPB 911-16, IPB 911-12, IPB 911-2, IPB 911-18 and IPB 911-47 showed significant positive GCA effect and simultaneously possessed high mean value indicating that the per se performance of the parents could prove as an useful index for combining ability. The crosses exhibited significant SCA effects involved high x high, high x low, low x high, average x low and low x low general combining parents. The cross combinations with significant positive SCA effect having high mean values might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives. Key word: Maize, line, tester, heterosis, combining ability, GCA, SCA

The magnetic susceptibility of Ce:Gd 3 Sc 3 Al 3 O 12 (Ce:GSAG) and Ce:La 3 Lu 2 Ga 3 O 12 (Ce:LLGG) has been studied in the temperature range from 15 to 293 K. Both the Ce-doped garnets Ce:GSAG and Ce:LLGG show anti-ferromagnetic ordering at 18 and 27 K, respectively. Crystal electric field split energy levels have been used to calculate the magnetic susceptibility following Van Vleck's model. The calculated susceptibility values reasonably agree with the experimental susceptibility data of Ce:LLGG but differ for that of Ce:GSAG system. Contribution from long-range ordering between Ce and Gd ions for anomaly in Ce:GSAG system is speculated.

The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy as a cause of end-stage renal disease [ESRD] in Egypt has been examined in small cross-sectional studies, with conflicting results. The need for a large-scale study prompted us to perform this 6-year multiple cross-sectional study. A sample of ESRD patients enrolled in the Egyptian renal data system was evaluated during the period 1996-2001 for the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. Prevalence gradually increased from 8.9% in 1996, to 14.5% in 2001. The mean age of patients with diabetic nephropathy was significantly higher than that of patients with ESRD from other causes. Mortality was also significantly higher in diabetic patients with ESRD

A study was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh, during September 2007 to February 2008 to evaluate the varietal performance of cabbage on the incidence of flea beetles [Phyllotreta spp., (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)]. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design comprising seven varieties viz. V1: BARI badhakopi-1/Provati, V2: BARI badhakopi-2/Agrodot, V3: Atlas-70, V4: Autumn queen, V5: Tropical queen, V6: T-776 and V7: Seisho YR. Among the different varieties of cabbage V5 (Tropical queen) performed as the best variety in terms of the lowest incidence of flea beetles (0.00 larvae/plant), lowest percent of leaves infestation (0.87 %) as well as plant infestation (2 %) caused by flea beetles. These findings will be valuable for the most appropriate management of flea beetles.

An update on the current status of robotic hepatobiliary surgery based on a review of the available literature. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database with search phrases "robotic hepatectomy", "robotic liver resection", "robotic liver surgery", "robotic hepatobiliary surgery", and "robotic biliary reconstruction". We selected articles with high volume case series or case controlled series. As a result of our literature search we will focus on the 9 major articles on robotic liver resection (RLR) with 235 patients undergoing RLR for a total of 244 liver resections. In addition a brief update on robotic biliary reconstruction will also be presented based on the above articles and recent review articles. Indications for robotic liver resection included both benign (N.=72, 29.5%) and malignant disease (N.=172, 70.5%). The most common indication was colorectal liver metastasis (N.=87, 50.6%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (N.=57, 33%). The most common type of resection was subsegmental (N.=55, 22.5%), with a significant number of major hepatectomies (N.=80, 32.8%). Overall conversion rate was 7.8%, with majority converted to open (N.=18) and one converted to hand assisted. The overall complication rate was 11.8% (N.=29). No perioperative mortality was reported. Preliminary results show that robotic assisted laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgery has materialized as a new technique that combines the advantages of laparoscopy with the dissection, suturing and articulation of robotics. This more closely approximates open surgery. The preliminary data demonstrates that RLR can be applied in major hepatobiliary centers safely. Future comparative studies are needed to determine if this is of significant benefit over current open techniques.

This study was designed to assess the personality characteristics and psychological problems of parents of mentally retarded children. Seventy-six parents, whose mean age was 42.12 yr with SD 10.15. 38 of mentally retarded and 38 of normal children, were investigated. A Bengali version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to measure the psychoticism, neuroticism and extraversion-introversion responses of the parents. Results showed that parents of mentally retarded children had significantly higher scores only on the neuroticism scale, indicating that they were more emotionally unstable than the parents of normal children. The findings were discussed in terms of certain constraining factors associated with having a mentally retarded child. Counseling programmes for these parents should take into account these factors.