219 results on '"M. Reinhold"'
Search Results
2. Comparative FE-analysis of traditional and cortical bone screw trajectories in lumbar spine fixation
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X. Li, K.H.A. Abdel-Latif, J. Schwab, X. Zhou, J. Yang, A.F. Schilling, and M. Reinhold
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Published
- 2024
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3. Treatment decisions for neurologically intact patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures
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M. Reinhold, M.F. Dvorak, K.J. Schnake, C.F. Öner, and C. Dandurand
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Published
- 2024
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4. The role of Culex territans mosquitoes in the transmission of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis to amphibian hosts
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Joanna M. Reinhold, Ella Halbert, Megan Roark, Sierra N. Smith, Katherine M. Stroh, Cameron D. Siler, David S. McLeod, and Chloé Lahondère
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Blood-feeding ,Chytrid fungus ,Host preference ,Mosquito-borne disease ,Pathogen transmission ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Mosquitoes are the deadliest organisms in the world, killing an estimated 750,000 people per year due to the pathogens they can transmit. Mosquitoes also pose a major threat to other vertebrate animals. Culex territans is a mosquito species found in temperate zones worldwide that feeds almost exclusively on amphibians and can transmit parasites; however, little is known about its ability to transmit other pathogens, including fungi. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a topical pathogenic fungus that spreads through contact. With amphibian populations around the world experiencing mass die-offs and extinctions due to this pathogen, it is critical to study all potential modes of transmission. Because Cx. territans mosquitoes are in contact with their hosts for long periods of time while blood-feeding, we hypothesize that they can transmit and pick up Bd. Methods In this study, we first assessed Cx. territans ability to transfer the fungus from an infected surface to a clean one under laboratory conditions. We also conducted a surveillance study of Bd infections in frogs and mosquitoes in the field (Mountain Lake Biological station, VA, USA). In parallel, we determined Cx. territans host preference via blood meal analysis of field caught mosquitoes. Results We found that this mosquito species can carry the fungus to an uninfected surface, implying that they may have the ability to transmit Bd to their amphibian hosts. We also found that Cx. territans feed primarily on green frogs (Rana clamitans) and bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and that the prevalence of Bd within the frog population at our field site varied between years. Conclusions This study provides critical insights into understanding the role of amphibian-biting mosquitoes in transmitting pathogens, which can be applied to disease ecology of susceptible amphibian populations worldwide. Graphical Abstract
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- 2023
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5. Species-Specificity in Thermopreference and CO2-Gated Heat-Seeking in Culex Mosquitoes
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Joanna M. Reinhold, Karthikeyan Chandrasegaran, Helen Oker, José E. Crespo, Clément Vinauger, and Chloé Lahondère
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Culex territans ,Culex quinquefasciatus ,Culex tarsalis ,mosquito thermal biology ,disease vector ,Science - Abstract
Combining thermopreference (Tp) and CO2-gated heat-seeking assays, we studied the thermal preferendum and response to thermal cues in three Culex mosquito species exhibiting differences in native habitat and host preference (e.g., biting cold and/or warm-blooded animals). Results show that these species differ in both Tp and heat-seeking behavior. In particular, we found that Culex territans, which feed primarily on cold-blood hosts, did not respond to heat during heat-seeking assays, regardless of the CO2 concentration, but exhibited an intermediate Tp during resting. In contrast, Cx. quinquefasciatus, which feeds on warm blooded hosts, sought the coolest locations on a thermal gradient and responded only moderately to thermal stimuli when paired with CO2 at higher concentrations. The third species, Cx. tarsalis, which has been shown to feed on a wide range of hosts, responded to heat when paired with high CO2 levels and exhibited a high Tp. This study provides the first insights into the role of heat and CO2 in the host seeking behavior of three disease vectors in the Culex genus and highlights differences in preferred resting temperatures.
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- 2022
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6. Cassius Dio’s Assessment of Augustus
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M. REINHOLD and P. M. SWAN
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- 2023
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7. Photoluminescence in mammal fur: 111 years of research
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Linda M Reinhold, Tasmin L Rymer, Kristofer M Helgen, and David T Wilson
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Ecology ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Photoluminescence in the pelage of mammals, a topic that has gained considerable recent research interest, was first documented in the 1700s and reported sporadically in the literature over the last century. The first detailed species accounts were of rabbits and humans, published 111 years ago in 1911. Recent studies have largely overlooked this earlier research into photoluminescent mammalian taxa and their luminophores. Here we provide a comprehensive update on existing research on photoluminescence in mammal fur, with the intention of drawing attention to earlier pioneering research in this field. We provide an overview on appropriate terminology, explain the physics of photoluminescence, and explore pigmentation and the ubiquitous photoluminescence of animal tissues, before touching on the emerging debate regarding visual function. We then provide a chronological account of research into mammalian fur photoluminescence, from the earliest discoveries and identification of luminophores to the most recent studies. While all mammal fur is likely to have a general low-level photoluminescence due to the presence of the protein keratin, fur glows luminously under ultraviolet light if it contains significant concentrations of tryptophan metabolites or porphyrins. Finally, we briefly discuss issues associated with preserved museum specimens in studies of photoluminescence. The study of mammal fur photoluminescence has a substantial history, which provides a broad foundation on which future studies can be grounded.
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- 2023
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8. Effects of the Environmental Temperature on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes: A Review
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Joanna M. Reinhold, Claudio R. Lazzari, and Chloé Lahondère
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blood-feeding ,dispersion ,pathogen transmission ,gonotrophic cycle ,thermotolerance ,dengue virus complex ,chikungunya virus ,Zika virus ,West Nile virus ,yellow fever virus ,Science - Abstract
The temperature of the environment is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting the life of insects. As poikilotherms, their body temperature is not constant, and they rely on various strategies to minimize the risk of thermal stress. They have been thus able to colonize a large spectrum of habitats. Mosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, vector many pathogens, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The spread of these diseases has become a major global health concern, and it is predicted that climate change will affect the mosquitoes’ distribution, which will allow these insects to bring new pathogens to naïve populations. We synthesize here the current knowledge on the impact of temperature on the mosquito flight activity and host-seeking behavior (1); ecology and dispersion (2); as well as its potential effect on the pathogens themselves and how climate can affect the transmission of some of these pathogens (3).
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- 2018
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9. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Odontoid Fractures in Geriatric Patients
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Andreas Badke, Holger Koepp, M. Reinhold, Frank Hartmann, Gregor Schmeiser, Max J. Scheyerer, Philipp Schleicher, Volker Zimmermann, Kai C. Täubel, Georg Osterhoff, H. Siekmann, Kai Sprengel, Ulrich J. Spiegl, Alexander Franck, Bernhard Ullrich, Harry Gebhard, Sebastian Grüninger, Klaus J. Schnake, Akhil P. Verheyden, and University of Zurich
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Osteoporosis ,610 Medicine & health ,Bone healing ,Fracture Fixation, Internal ,Fractures, Bone ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Odontoid Process ,Fracture fixation ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Aged ,Fracture Healing ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gold standard ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,10021 Department of Trauma Surgery ,Radiological weapon ,Orthopedic surgery ,Surgery ,Radiology ,business ,Trauma surgery ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Odontoid fractures in geriatric patients represent an entity of increasing incidence with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The optimal diagnostic and therapeutic management is being controversially discussed in the literature.In a consensus process and based on the current literature, the members of the working groups "Osteoporotic Fractures" and "Upper Cervical Spine" of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU) defined recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of odontoid fractures in geriatric patients.For the diagnosis of odontoid fractures in symptomatic patients, computed tomography represents the gold standard, along with conventional radiographs. Magnetic resonance and dynamic imaging can be used as ancillary imaging modalities. With regard to fracture classification, the systems described by Anderson/D'Alonzo and by Eysel/Roosen have proved to be of value. A treatment algorithm was developed based on these classifications. Anderson/D'Alonzo type 1, type 3, and non-displaced type 2 fractures usually can be treated non-operatively. However, a close clinical and radiological follow-up is essential. In Anderson/D'Alonzo type 2 fractures, operative treatment is associated with better fracture healing. Displaced type 2 and type 3 fractures should be stabilized operatively. Type 2 fractures with suitable fracture patterns (Eysel/Roosen 2A/B) can be stabilized anteriorly. Posterior C I/II-stabilization procedures are well established and suitable for all fracture patterns.Frakturen des Dens axis beim geriatrischen Patienten stellen eine wachsende Entität mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität dar. Die optimale Diagnostik und Behandlung der Verletzung in diesem Patientenkollektiv werden in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert.In einem gemeinsamen Konsensusprozess erstellten die Mitglieder der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Osteoporotische Frakturen“ und der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Obere Halswirbelsäule“ der Sektion Wirbelsäule der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Literatur Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Behandlung von Frakturen des Dens axis bei geriatrischen Patienten.In der Diagnostik der Densfrakturen stellt beim symptomatischen Patienten neben der konventionellen Bildgebung die Computertomografie den Goldstandard dar. Kernspintomografie und Funktionsaufnahmen können ergänzende Informationen liefern. Zur Klassifikation haben sich die Systeme nach Anderson/DʼAlonzo und Eysel/Roosen bewährt. Anhand der genannten Klassifikationen wurde ein Behandlungsalgorithmus entwickelt: Anderson/DʼAlonzo Typ 1, Typ 3 und nicht dislozierte Frakturen vom Typ 2 können i. d. R. unter engmaschigen Verlaufskontrollen konservativ behandelt werden. Bei Frakturen vom Typ 2 nach Anderson/DʼAlonzo bietet die operative Behandlung den Vorteil höherer knöcherner Heilungsraten. Dislozierte Typ-2- und Typ-3-Frakturen sollten operativ stabilisiert werden. Bei geeignetem Frakturverlauf (Eysel/Roosen 2A/B) sind anteriore Verfahren möglich. Posteriore Verfahren zur C I/II-Stabilisation sind etabliert und bei allen Frakturtypen durchführbar.
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- 2019
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10. A macromodel of sample-and-hold circuits.
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Udo Jörges, G. Jummel, G. Müller, and M. Reinhold
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- 1997
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11. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe
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Department of Archeology and History of Art, Özbal, Rana (ORCID 0000-0001-6765-2765 & YÖK ID 55583), Rohrlach, A.B.; Papac, L.; Childebayeva, A.; Rivollat, M.; Villalba Mouco, V.; Neumann, G.U.; Penske, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; van de Loosdrecht, M.; Akar, M.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Deguilloux, M.F.; Dobes, M.; Erdal, Y.S.; Ernée, M.; Frangipane, M.; Furmanek, M.; Friederich, S.; Ghesquière, E.; Ha?uszko, A.; Hansen, S.; Küßner, M.; Mannino, M.; Reinhold, S.; Rottier, S.; Salazar García, D.C.; Diaz, J.S.; Stockhammer, P.W.; de Togores Muñoz, C.R.; Yener, K.A.; Posth, C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Haak, W., Department of Archeology and History of Art, Özbal, Rana (ORCID 0000-0001-6765-2765 & YÖK ID 55583), and Rohrlach, A.B.; Papac, L.; Childebayeva, A.; Rivollat, M.; Villalba Mouco, V.; Neumann, G.U.; Penske, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; van de Loosdrecht, M.; Akar, M.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Deguilloux, M.F.; Dobes, M.; Erdal, Y.S.; Ernée, M.; Frangipane, M.; Furmanek, M.; Friederich, S.; Ghesquière, E.; Ha?uszko, A.; Hansen, S.; Küßner, M.; Mannino, M.; Reinhold, S.; Rottier, S.; Salazar García, D.C.; Diaz, J.S.; Stockhammer, P.W.; de Togores Muñoz, C.R.; Yener, K.A.; Posth, C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Haak, W.
- Abstract
Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the ""mappable"" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.
- Published
- 2021
12. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe
- Author
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Özbal, Rana (ORCID 0000-0001-6765-2765 & YÖK ID 55583), Rohrlach, A.B.; Papac, L.; Childebayeva, A.; Rivollat, M.; Villalba Mouco, V.; Neumann, G.U.; Penske, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; van de Loosdrecht, M.; Akar, M.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Deguilloux, M.F.; Dobes, M.; Erdal, Y.S.; Ernée, M.; Frangipane, M.; Furmanek, M.; Friederich, S.; Ghesquière, E.; Ha?uszko, A.; Hansen, S.; Küßner, M.; Mannino, M.; Reinhold, S.; Rottier, S.; Salazar García, D.C.; Diaz, J.S.; Stockhammer, P.W.; de Togores Muñoz, C.R.; Yener, K.A.; Posth, C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Haak, W., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Archeology and History of Art, Özbal, Rana (ORCID 0000-0001-6765-2765 & YÖK ID 55583), Rohrlach, A.B.; Papac, L.; Childebayeva, A.; Rivollat, M.; Villalba Mouco, V.; Neumann, G.U.; Penske, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; van de Loosdrecht, M.; Akar, M.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Deguilloux, M.F.; Dobes, M.; Erdal, Y.S.; Ernée, M.; Frangipane, M.; Furmanek, M.; Friederich, S.; Ghesquière, E.; Ha?uszko, A.; Hansen, S.; Küßner, M.; Mannino, M.; Reinhold, S.; Rottier, S.; Salazar García, D.C.; Diaz, J.S.; Stockhammer, P.W.; de Togores Muñoz, C.R.; Yener, K.A.; Posth, C.; Krause, J.; Herbig, A.; Haak, W., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Department of Archeology and History of Art
- Abstract
Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the ""mappable"" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe., INTERACT Project; French (ANR) Research Foundation; German (DFG) Research Foundation; European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; European Research Council (ERC); Research and Innovation Program; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Projekt DEAL; Max Planck Society; Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2021
13. Beat the heat:Culex quinquefasciatusregulates its body temperature during blood-feeding
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Chloé Lahondère, Joanna M. Reinhold, and Ryan Shaw
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Blood sucking ,West Nile virus ,Thermographic imaging ,medicine ,Zoology ,Heterothermy ,Ingestion ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Blood feeding ,biology.organism_classification ,Culex quinquefasciatus ,Heat stress - Abstract
Mosquitoes are regarded as one of the most dangerous animals on earth. As they are responsible for the spread of a wide range of both human and animal diseases, research of the underlying mechanisms of their feeding behavior and physiology is critical. Among disease vector mosquitoes,Culex quinquefasciatus, which is a known carrier of West Nile virus and Western Equine Encephalitis, remains relatively understudied. As blood sucking insects, adaptations (either at the molecular or physiological level) while feeding on warm blood is crucial to their survival, as overheating can result in death due to heat stress. Our research aims to study howCx. quinquefasciatuscopes with heat associated with the ingestion of a warm blood-meal and to possibly uncover the adaptations this species uses to avoid thermal stress. Through the use of thermographic imaging, we analyzed the body temperature ofCx. quinquefasciatuswhile blood feeding. Infrared thermography has allowed us to identify a cooling strategy, evaporative cooling via the production of fluid droplets, and an overall low body temperature in comparison to the blood temperature during feeding. UnderstandingCx. quinquefasciatus’adaptations and various strategies that they employ to reduce their body temperature while blood-feeding constitutes the first step towards the discovery of potential targets of opportunity for their control.HighlightsMosquitoes have evolved to cope with heat stress associated with warm blood ingestionCulex quinquefasciatusdisplays heterothermy while blood-feedingThe abdominal temperature decreases due to evaporative cooling using urine dropletsOverall, the mosquito body temperature is much cooler than the ingested blood
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- 2020
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14. Beat the heat: Culex quinquefasciatus regulates its body temperature during blood feeding
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Ryan Shaw, Chloé Lahondère, and Joanna M. Reinhold
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Physiology ,Hematophagy ,030310 physiology ,Zoology ,Urine ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Body Temperature ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,03 medical and health sciences ,Feeding behavior ,parasitic diseases ,Abdomen ,Ingestion ,Heterothermy ,Animals ,Overheating (electricity) ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,fungi ,Temperature ,Feeding Behavior ,Thorax ,Blood feeding ,biology.organism_classification ,Blood meal ,Culex quinquefasciatus ,Culex ,Thermography ,Female ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Head ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Mosquitoes are regarded as one of the most dangerous animals on earth. Because they are responsible for the spread of a wide range of both human and animal pathogens, research of the underlying mechanisms of their feeding behavior and physiology is critical. Among disease vector mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus, a known carrier of West Nile virus and Western Equine Encephalitis, remains relatively understudied. As blood-sucking insects, adaptations (either at the molecular or physiological level) while feeding on warm blood are crucial to their survival, as overheating can result in death due to heat stress. Our research aims to determine how Cx. quinquefasciatus copes with the heat associated with warm blood meal ingestion and possibly uncover the adaptations this species uses to avoid thermal stress. Through the use of thermographic imaging, we analyzed the body temperature of Cx. quinquefasciatus while blood feeding. Infrared thermography has allowed us to identify a cooling strategy, evaporative cooling via the production of fluid droplets, and an overall low body temperature in comparison to the blood temperature during feeding. Understanding Cx. quinquefasciatus’ adaptations and the strategies they employ to reduce their body temperature while blood feeding constitutes the first step towards discovering potential targets that could be used for their control.
- Published
- 2020
15. American Aedes japonicus japonicus, Culex pipiens pipiens, and Culex restuans mosquitoes have limited transmission capacity for a recent isolate of Usutu virus
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Joanna M. Reinhold, Tyler A. Bates, Christina Chuong, Amy Klinger, Aaron Waldman, James Weger-Lucarelli, Jeffrey M. Marano, Chloé Lahondère, and Pallavi Rai
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Culex ,viruses ,Zoology ,Culex restuans ,Mosquito Vectors ,law.invention ,Flavivirus Infections ,Birds ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,Aedes ,Virology ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,Ecological niche ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Flavivirus ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Aedes japonicus ,Culex pipiens pipiens ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Usutu virus - Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV; Flavivirus) has caused massive die-offs in birds across Europe since the 1950s. Although rare, severe neurologic disease in humans has been reported. USUV is genetically related to West Nile virus (WNV) and shares an ecological niche, suggesting it could spread from Europe to the Americas. USUV's risk of transmission within the United States is currently unknown. To this end, we exposed field-caught Aedes japonicus, Culex pipiens pipiens, and Culex restuans-competent vectors for WNV-to a recent European isolate of USUV. While infection rates for each species varied from 7%-21%, no dissemination or transmission was observed. These results differed from a 2018 report by Cook and colleagues, who found high dissemination rates and evidence of transmission potential using a different USUV strain, U.S. mosquito populations, temperature, and extrinsic incubation period. Future studies should evaluate the impact of these experimental conditions on USUV transmission by North American mosquitoes.
- Published
- 2020
16. Treatment of Injuries to the Subaxial Cervical Spine: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)
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Andreas Badke, Miguel Pishnamaz, Erol Gercek, Gregor Schmeiser, M. Reinhold, Philipp Hartung, Philipp Kobbe, Helmut Ekkerlein, Matti Scholz, Stefan Matschke, Frank Kandziora, Klaus J. Schnake, Volker Zimmermann, Christian W. Müller, Bernhard Ullrich, Thomas Weiss, Florian Hans Brakopp, Gregor Stein, Philipp Schleicher, Jan-Sven Jarvers, Robert Morrison, and René Hartensuer
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,injury ,Section (typography) ,Article ,German ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lower cervical spine ,subaxial cervical spine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,ACDF ,Orthodontics ,business.industry ,Cervical spine ,language.human_language ,Spine (zoology) ,fracture ,consensus ,treatment recommendations ,Orthopedic surgery ,language ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Study Design: Expert consensus. Objectives: To establish treatment recommendations for subaxial cervical spine injuries based on current literature and the knowledge of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma. Methods: This recommendation summarizes the knowledge of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma. Results: Therapeutic goals are a stable, painless cervical spine and protection against secondary neurologic damage while retaining maximum possible motion and spinal profile. The AOSpine classification for subaxial cervical injuries is recommended. The Canadian C-Spine Rule is recommended to decide on the need for imaging. Computed tomography is the favoured modality. Conventional x-ray is preserved for cases lacking a “dangerous mechanism of injury.” Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended in case of unexplained neurologic deficit, prior to closed reduction and to exclude disco-ligamentous injuries. Computed tomography angiography is recommended in high-grade facet joint injuries or in the presence of vertebra-basilar symptoms. A0-, A1- and A2-injuries are treated conservatively, but have to be monitored for progressive kyphosis. A3 injuries are operated in the majority of cases. A4- and B- and C-type injuries are treated surgically. Most injuries can be treated with anterior plate stabilization and interbody support; A4 fractures need vertebral body replacement. In certain cases, additive or pure posterior instrumentation is needed. Usually, lateral mass screws suffice. A navigation system is advised for pedicle screws from C3 to C6. Conclusions: These recommendations provide a framework for the treatment of subaxial cervical spine Injuries. They give advice about diagnostic measures and the therapeutic strategy.
- Published
- 2018
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17. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Fractures of the Ring of Axis
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Andreas Korge, Andreas Badke, Miguel Pishnamaz, Rene Hartensuer, Philipp Schleicher, Stefan Matschke, Matti Scholz, Marc Dreimann, Erol Gercek, Bernhard Ullrich, Philipp Kobbe, Kristian Schneider, Gregor Schmeiser, Holger Koepp, Frank Kandziora, Harry Gebhard, Klaus J. Schnake, M. Reinhold, Oliver Gonschorek, S. Katscher, Jan-Sven Jarvers, Sven Mörk, Christian W. Müller, Ferenc Pécsi, Georg Osterhoff, and Ulrich J. Spiegl
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Facet (geometry) ,Joint Dislocations ,Spondylolysis ,Posterior approach ,Facet joint ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedic Procedures ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Axis vertebra ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Cervical decompression ,Orthopedic surgery ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Spinal Fractures ,Surgery ,Radiology ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Trauma surgery ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In a consensus process with four sessions in 2017, the working group "upper cervical spine" of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU) formulated "Therapeutic Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Cervical Fractures", taking their own experience and the current literature into consideration. The following article describes the recommendations for axis ring fractures (traumatic spondylolysis C2). About 19 to 49% of all cervical spine injuries include the axis vertebra. Traumatic spondylolysis of C2 may include potential discoligamentous instability C2/3. The primary aim of the diagnostic process is to detect the injury and to determine potential disco-ligamentous instability C2/3. For classification purposes, the Josten classification or the modified Effendi classification may be used. The Canadian C-spine rule is recommended for clinical screening for C-spine injuries. CT is the preferred imaging modality and an MRI is needed to determine the integrity of the discoligamentous complex C2/3. Conservative treatment is appropriate in case of stable fractures with intact C2/3 motion segment (Josten type 2 and 2). Patients should be closely monitored, in order to detect secondary dislocation as early as possible. Surgical treatment is recommended in cases of primary severe fracture dislocation or discoligamentous instability C2/3 (Josten 3 and 4) and/or secondary fracture dislocation. Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) C2/3 is the treatment of choice. However, in case of facet joint luxation C2/3 with looked facet (Josten 4), a primary posterior approach may be necessary.Im Jahr 2017 wurde die Arbeitsgruppe „obere HWS“ in der Sektion Wirbelsäulenchirurgie der DGOU etabliert. Die Mitglieder der AG erstellten in einem formalen Konsensverfahren im nominalem Gruppenprozess mit 4 Präsenzveranstaltungen, Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Axisringfrakturen unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Empfehlung für Frakturen des Axisrings (traumatische Spondylolyse HWK II). Axisfrakturen werden mit einer Häufigkeit von 19 – 41% bei Nachweis einer HWS-Verletzung detektiert. Insbesondere besteht bei Frakturen des Axisrings eine potenzielle diskoligamentäre Instabilität. Daher zielt die Diagnostik auf die Detektion der Verletzung sowie die Beurteilung einer möglichen diskoligamentären Instabilität ab. Zur Klassifikation wird die Klassifikation nach Josten oder auch die von Levine modifizierte Effendi-Klassifikation empfohlen. Zum primären klinischen Screening hat sich die Canadian C-Spine Rule bewährt. Bildgebendes Verfahren der Wahl bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine Axisringverletzung ist die Computertomografie. Die MRT dient der Beurteilung der Integrität des diskoligamentären Komplexes HWK II/III. Stabile Axisringfrakturen können konservativ in einer Zervikalorthese behandelt werden, wobei eine engmaschige Dislokationskontrolle obligat ist. Im Falle einer sekundären Dislokation ist eine operative Stabilisierung indiziert. Eine OP-Indikation besteht bei ausgeprägter Dislokation und/oder diskoligamentärer Instabilität HWK II/III, die am häufigsten bei Josten-Typ-3- und -4-Frakturen vorliegt. Operative Standardtherapie ist die ventrale Fusion HWK II/III wobei insbesondere bei Typ-4-Frakturen ein primär dorsales Vorgehen zur Frakturreposition und ggf. Stabilisation notwendig werden kann.
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- 2018
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18. Therapieempfehlungen zur Versorgung von Verletzungen der subaxialen Halswirbelsäule
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Thomas Weiß, Christian W. Müller, Stefan Matschke, Gregor Stein, Jan-Sven Jarvers, Florian Hans Brakopp, Philipp Kobbe, Miguel Pishnamaz, Volker Zimmermann, Frank Kandziora, Klaus J. Schnake, M. Reinhold, Helmut Ekkerlein, Robert Morrison, Matti Scholz, Bernhard Ullrich, Andreas Badke, Gregor Schmeiser, Rene Hartensuer, Erol Gercek, Philipp Hartung, and Philipp Schleicher
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Gynecology ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cervical spine ,Bone screws ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,X ray computed ,Bone plate ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen eines Konsensusprozesses der Arbeitsgruppe „subaxiale HWS-Verletzungen“ der Sektion Wirbelsäule der DGOU erfolgte in 4 Sitzungen im Jahre 2016 die Erstellung der vorliegenden Therapieempfehlungen unter Berücksichtigung der vorhandenen Literatur. Therapieziele sind eine dauerhaft stabile, schmerzfreie Halswirbelsäule und der Schutz vor sekundären neurologischen Schäden unter größtmöglicher Berücksichtigung der Beweglichkeit und des Wirbelsäulenprofils. Aufgrund der Praktikabilität und der guten Evaluation hinsichtlich Reliabilität sollte die AOSpine-Klassifikation für subaxiale HWS-Verletzungen für die Klassifikation zur Anwendung kommen. Es wird die Canadian C-Spine Rule als klinischer Algorithmus zur Entscheidung hinsichtlich der Notwendigkeit einer bildgebenden Diagnostik empfohlen. Bei gemäß dieser Regel anamnestisch oder klinisch hohem Verdacht auf eine strukturelle, instabile Verletzung ist die Spiral-CT der HWS Verfahren der Wahl. Die konventionelle Röntgendiagnostik in 2 Ebenen bleibt Fällen vorbehalten, in denen kein „gefährlicher Unfallmechanismus“ vorliegt. Die Indikation für die MRT der HWS wird vor allem bei nicht erklärbaren neurologischen Symptomen, bei geplanter geschlossener Reposition und dorsaler Stabilisierung und zum Ausschluss vermuteter diskoligamentärer Verletzungen empfohlen, wobei hier je nach Befundkonstellation eine abgestufte Dringlichkeit gilt. Die CT-Angiografie wird bei höhergradigen Facettengelenkverletzungen oder bei Vorliegen vertebrobasilärer Symptome empfohlen. Die konventionelle Funktionsdiagnostik wird ausschließlich in Form der ärztlich geführten dynamischen Bildwandlerdurchleuchtung bei persistierendem Verdacht auf eine instabile Verletzung empfohlen. Die therapeutische Strategie richtet sich primär nach der Verletzungsmorphologie, die in der AOSpine-Klassifikation beschrieben wird. A0-Frakturen sollten konservativ behandelt werden. A1- und A2-Frakturen sollten meistens konservativ behandelt werden, wobei die segmentale Kyphose in Einzelfällen eine OP-Indikation bedingen kann. A3-Frakturen stellen in den meisten Fällen eine OP-Indikation dar, in Einzelfällen ist eine konservative Behandlung möglich. A4-Frakturen sowie die B- und C-Verletzungen bedürfen einer operativen Therapie. Die ventrale Plattenspondylodese mit interkorporeller Abstützung (bei Berstungskomponente durch Korporektomie und Wirbelkörperersatz) wird für die meisten Verletzungen empfohlen, eine rein dorsale oder zusätzlich dorsale Stabilisierung kann bei besonderer Befundkonstellation möglich oder sogar notwendig sein. In diesen Fällen ist die Instrumentierung mit Massa-lateralis-Schrauben zumeist ausreichend; bei Anwendung von Pedikelschrauben in Höhe C III – C VI wird ein Navigationssystem empfohlen. Bei Vorliegen einer ankylosierenden Grunderkrankung (M3-Modifikator) wird hingegen die dorsale, langstreckige Stabilisierung favorisiert.
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- 2017
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19. The importance of flexible hazard functions in the analysis of organizational survival data -- experiences from a cohort of Swedish commercial banks
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Bergstro¨m, Reinhold, Engvall, Lars, and Wallerstedt, Eva
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- 1997
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20. MRT-Sicherheit von Implantaten in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie
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P. Strube, A Heinrich, U Teichgräber, Felix Güttler, T. Zippelius, and M. Reinhold
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- 2019
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21. Recommendations for the Diagnostic Testing and Therapy of Atlas Fractures
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Miguel Pishnamaz, Christian W. Müller, Ulrich J. Spiegl, Matti Scholz, Sven Mörk, Ferenc Pécsi, M. Reinhold, S. Katscher, Jan-Sven Jarvers, Philipp Schleicher, Georg Osterhoff, Bernhard Ullrich, Stefan Matschke, Kristian Schneider, René Hartensuer, Erol Gercek, Gregor Schmeiser, Andreas Badke, Holger Koepp, Marc Dreimann, Oliver Gonschorek, Frank Kandziora, Harry Gebhard, Klaus J. Schnake, and Philipp Kobbe
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Gynecology ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Orthotic Devices ,Consensus ,business.industry ,Multiple Trauma ,Joint Dislocations ,Diagnostic test ,Vascular System Injuries ,Conservative Treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fracture Fixation, Internal ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spinal Fusion ,medicine ,Humans ,Spinal Fractures ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,Cervical Atlas ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In a consensus process with four sessions in 2017, the working group on "the upper cervical spine" of the German Society for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery (DGOU) formulated "Therapeutic Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fractures to the Upper Cervical Spine", incorporating their own experience and current literature. The following article describes the recommendations for the atlas vertebra. About 10% of all cervical spine injuries include the axis vertebra. The diagnostic process primarily aims to detect the injury and to determine joint incongruency and integrity of the atlas ring. For classification purposes, the Gehweiler classification and the Dickman classification are suitable. The Canadian c-spine rule is recommended for clinical screening for c-spine injuries. CT is the preferred imaging modality; MRI is needed to determine the integrity of the Lig. transversum atlantis in complete atlas ring fractures. Conservative treatment is appropriate in very many atlas fractures. Surgical treatment is recommended in existing or potential joint incongruity or instability, which are frequently seen in Gehweiler IIIB or Gehweiler IV fractures. Posterior atlanto-axial stabilisation and fusion using transarticular screws or an internal fixator are regarded as a gold standard in the majority of surgical cases. Especially in young patients, the possibility of isolated atlas osteosynthesis should be checked. A possible option for Gehweiler IV fractures is halo-fixation with mild distraction for ligamentotaxis. Secondary dislocation should be checked for frequently. Involvement of the occipito-atlantal joint complex requires stabilisation of the occiput as well.Im Jahr 2017 erstellten die Mitglieder der AG „obere HWS“ der Sektion „Wirbelsäule“ der DGOU in einem Konsensusprozess mit 4 Sitzungen Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie oberer Halswirbelsäulenverletzungen unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Empfehlung für Frakturen des Atlasrings. Etwa 10% aller HWS-Verletzungen betreffen den Atlas. Die Diagnostik zielt im Wesentlichen auf die Detektion der Verletzung sowie die Beurteilung der Gelenkflächen hinsichtlich einer Lateralisationstendenz der Atlasmassive. Zur Klassifikation haben sich die Gehweiler-Klassifikation und ergänzend die Dickman-Klassifikation bewährt. Zum primären klinischen Screening hat sich die Canadian C-Spine Rule bewährt. Bildgebendes Verfahren der Wahl bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine Atlasverletzung ist die CT. Die MRT dient der Beurteilung der Integrität des Lig. transversum atlantis bei vorderer und hinterer Bogenfraktur. Die Indikation zur Gefäßdarstellung sollte großzügig gestellt werden. Viele Atlasfrakturen können konservativ in einer Zervikalorthese behandelt werden. Eine OP-Indikation ist gegeben bei bestehender oder drohender massiver Gelenkinkongruenz oder -instabilität, die am häufigsten bei Gehweiler-IIIB-Frakturen oder bei Gehweiler-IV-Frakturen vorliegt. Operative Standardtherapie ist die dorsale atlantoaxiale Fixation, entweder in transartikulärer Technik oder mittels Fixateur interne. Insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten sollte die Möglichkeit einer isolierten Atlasosteosynthese geprüft werden. Dislozierte Gehweiler-IV-Frakturen mit sagittaler Spaltbildung können auch probatorisch im Halofixateur unter Ausnutzung der Ligamentotaxis behandelt werden; eine engmaschige Dislokationskontrolle ist obligat. Im Falle einer sekundären Dislokation ist auch hier eine operative Stabilisierung indiziert. Bei Mitbeteiligung des okzipitozervikalen Gelenks ist eine Einbeziehung des Okziputs in die Instrumentierung notwendig.
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- 2019
22. Die AOSpine-Klassifikation thorakolumbaler Verletzungen
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P. Schleicher, M. Scholz, F. Kandziora, M. Reinhold, and K. J. Schnake
- Abstract
Die Basis einer adaquaten Frakturversorgung an der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsaule stellt die Klassifikation des Verletzungsmusters und die sich daraus ableitende Verletzungsschwere dar. Eine gute Frakturklassifikation sollte einfach anwendbar und reliabel sein. Zusatzlich sollten sich aus der Klassifikation Hinweise fur die therapeutische Entscheidung, d. h. fur eine konservative Therapie oder operative Versorgung, ableiten lassen. Im vorliegenden Weiterbildungsartikel wird die neue AOSpine-Klassifikation fur thorakolumbale Verletzungen (AOS) und der sich daraus ableitende Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score (TL AOSIS) erlautert.
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- 2016
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23. Intraoperativer Stress bei Wirbelsäuleneingriffen
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M. Reinhold and J. Kremer
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sports medicine ,business.industry ,Energy metabolism ,medicine.disease_cause ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Orthopedic surgery ,Heart rate ,Medicine ,Psychological stress ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Intraoperative Period ,business ,Orthopedic Procedures ,Physiological stress - Abstract
Einleitung Lange wirbelsaulenchirurgische Eingriffe stellen eine starke korperliche und geistige Belastung fur den Chirurgen dar, deren Ausmas von der Art und Dauer des Eingriffs, auseren Umstanden und der Rolle des Chirurgen abhangt.
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- 2016
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24. Die AOSpine-Klassifikation thorakolumbaler Wirbelsäulenverletzungen
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M. Reinhold, Bizhan Aarabi, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Marcel F. Dvorak, Philipp Schleicher, Cumhur Oner, Luiz Roberto Vialle, K. J. Schnake, Robert G. Grossman, Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan, Carlo Bellabarba, Christopher K. Kepler, Michael G. Fehlings, Frank Kandziora, and Jens R. Chapman
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Gynecology ,030222 orthopedics ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,Trauma Severity Indexes ,Medicine ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business ,Spinal injury - Abstract
Die optimale Behandlung von Verletzungen des thorakolumbalen Ubergangs basiert auf einem guten Verstandnis der Wirbelsaulenverletzung unter Berucksichtigung der Frakturmorphologie, der ligamentaren Integritat und der neurologischen Ausfallsymptomatik. Ein Klassifikationssystem hilft dabei, diese Analyse zu strukturieren und sollte einen Leitfaden fur die Behandlung offerieren. Die gebrauchlichen Klassifikationssysteme, wie z. B. die Magerl-Klassifikation oder die TLICS-Klassifikation sind entweder sehr komplex, berucksichtigen nicht den neurologischen Status oder vereinfachen die Frakturmorphologie als Indikator der Instabilitat zu sehr. Die „AOSpine Classification Group“ hat daher eine neue Klassifikation entwickelt, die sowohl auf der Magerl- als auch auf der TLICS-Klassifikation basiert, und die Schwachen dieser beiden Klassifikationen uberwinden soll. Dabei bietet sie auch eine Quantifizierung des Verletzungsschweregrads und lasst damit eine Vergleichbarkeit von Wirbelsaulenverletzungen zu. Wie in der bisherigen AO-Klassifikation unterscheidet sie dabei 3 Grundtypen der Verletzung: Typ-A-Verletzungen sind knocherne Kompressionsverletzungen der Wirbelsaule. Typ-B-Verletzungen zeigen Zerreisungen entweder der hinteren oder der vorderen Zuggurtung und Typ-C-Verletzungen sind translatorisch instabile Verletzungen. Nur Typ-A- und Typ-B-Verletzungen werden in weitere Untergruppen unterteilt. Eine begleitende neurologische Lasion wird vom transienten neurologischen Defizit bis zur kompletten Querschnittslahmung in 5 Schweregrade unterteilt. Weitere Modifikatoren berucksichtigen Erkrankungen, welche die Therapie masgeblich beeinflussen, z. B. eine signifikante Osteoporose oder eine ankylosierende Wirbelsaulenerkrankung. Bisherige Untersuchungen zur Intra- und Interbegutachterkonsistenz haben vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt, sodass die Einfuhrung der AOSpine-Klassifikation fur thorakolumbale Verletzungen in einer deutschen Ubersetzung gerechtfertigt sinnvoll ist.
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- 2016
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25. Spine Fractures in Ankylosing Diseases: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)
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Alexander C. Disch, Christian Kneitz, Christian Knop, and M. Reinhold
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musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,complication ,cervical spine ,Article ,spinal fractures ,German ,03 medical and health sciences ,DISH ,Morbus Forestier ,0302 clinical medicine ,ankylosing spondylitis ,senile ankylosing hyperostosis ,operative treatment ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,In patient ,medical treatment ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Ankylosing spondylitis ,Medical treatment ,business.industry ,Thoracolumbar spine ,thoracolumbar spine ,Morbus Bechterew ,medicine.disease ,Cervical spine ,language.human_language ,nonoperative fracture treatment ,iatrogenic spine fracture ,trauma ,Orthopedic surgery ,Physical therapy ,language ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Study Design:Review of literature and case series.Objectives:Update and review of current treatment concepts for spine fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders.Methods:Case presentation and description of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for unstable spinal injuries with an underlying ankylosing spinal disorder (ASD) of the cervical and thoracolumbar spine.Results:Nondisplaced fractures can be missed easily using conventional X-rays. Thus, computed tomography (CT) scans are recommended for all trauma patients with ASD. In doubt or presence of any neurologic involvement additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans should be obtained. Spine precautions should be maintained all times and until definitive treatment (Conclusions:Current concepts, treatment options, and recommendations of the German Orthopedic Trauma Society–Spine Section for spinal fractures in the ankylosed spine have been outlined.
- Published
- 2018
26. Temporal profile of inflammatory response to fracture and hemorrhagic shock: Proposal of a novel long-term survival murine multiple trauma model
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Jens M. Reinhold, Christian Kleber, Georg N. Duda, Klaus D. Schaser, Christopher A. Becker, Serafeim Tsitsilonis, Tom Malysch, and Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Bone healing ,Osteotomy ,Pathophysiology ,External fixation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood pressure ,Immune system ,Shock (circulatory) ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (hS) interacts with the posttraumatic immune response and fracture healing in multiple trauma. Due to the lack of a long-term survival multiple trauma animal models, no standardized analysis of fracture healing referring the impact of multiple trauma on fracture healing was performed. We propose a new long-term survival (21 days) murine multiple trauma model combining hS (microsurgical cannulation of carotid artery, withdrawl of blood and continuously blood pressure measurement), femoral (osteotomy/external fixation) and tibial fracture (3-point bending technique/antegrade nail). The posttraumatic immune response was measured via IL-6, sIL-6R ELISA. The hS was investigated via macrohemodynamics, blood gas analysis, wet-dry lung ration and histologic analysis of the shock organs. We proposed a new murine long-term survival (21 days) multiple trauma model mimicking clinical relevant injury patterns and previously published human posttraumatic immune response. Based on blood gas analysis and histologic analysis of shock organs we characterized and standardized our murine multiple trauma model. Furthermore, we revealed hemorrhagic shock as a causative factor that triggers sIL-6R formation underscoring the fundamental pathophysiologic role of the transsignaling mechanism in multiple trauma.
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- 2015
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27. Reliability analysis of the AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system by a worldwide group of naïve spinal surgeons
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Frank Kandziora, Klaus J. Schnake, Alexander R. Vaccaro, John D. Koerner, Christopher K. Kepler, Marcel F. Dvorak, Bizhan Aarabi, Michael G. Fehlings, Luiz Roberto Vialle, S. Rajasekaran, F. Cumhur Oner, Gregory D. Schroeder, Carlo Bellabarba, and M. Reinhold
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Adult ,Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Interobserver reliability ,Poison control ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Reliability (statistics) ,Observer Variation ,Surgeons ,030222 orthopedics ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,business.industry ,Intraobserver reliability ,Reproducibility of Results ,Thoracolumbar spine ,Injury classification ,musculoskeletal system ,surgical procedures, operative ,Injury types ,Spinal Injuries ,Physical therapy ,Spinal Fractures ,Female ,Surgery ,Clinical Competence ,Neurosurgery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to demonstrate the AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system can be reliably applied by an international group of surgeons and (2) to delineate those injury types which are difficult for spine surgeons to classify reliably.A previously described classification system of thoracolumbar injuries which consists of a morphologic classification of the fracture, a grading system for the neurologic status and relevant patient-specific modifiers was applied to 25 cases by 100 spinal surgeons from across the world twice independently, in grading sessions 1 month apart. The results were analyzed for classification reliability using the Kappa coefficient (κ).The overall Kappa coefficient for all cases was 0.56, which represents moderate reliability. Kappa values describing interobserver agreement were 0.80 for type A injuries, 0.68 for type B injuries and 0.72 for type C injuries, all representing substantial reliability. The lowest level of agreement for specific subtypes was for fracture subtype A4 (Kappa = 0.19). Intraobserver analysis demonstrated overall average Kappa statistic for subtype grading of 0.68 also representing substantial reproducibility.In a worldwide sample of spinal surgeons without previous exposure to the recently described AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System, we demonstrated moderate interobserver and substantial intraobserver reliability. These results suggest that most spine surgeons can reliably apply this system to spine trauma patients as or more reliably than previously described systems.
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- 2015
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28. Erratum: Die AOSpine-Klassifikation thorakolumbaler Wirbelsäulenverletzungen
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Jens R. Chapman, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Cumhur Oner, Luiz Roberto Vialle, Bizhan Aarabi, Frank Kandziora, Klaus J. Schnake, M. Reinhold, Robert G. Grossman, Marcel F. Dvorak, Philipp Schleicher, Carlo Bellabarba, Michael G. Fehlings, Christopher K. Kepler, and Shanmuganathan R
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Text mining ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Published
- 2016
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29. AO spine injury classification system: a revision proposal for the thoracic and lumbar spine
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F. Cumhur Oner, Laurent Audigé, Carlo Bellabarba, Klaus J. Schnake, M. Reinhold, and Li Yang Dai
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musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Trauma Severity Indices ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,musculoskeletal system ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,System a ,Surgery ,Lumbar ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,medicine ,Humans ,Spinal Fractures ,Original Article ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Spine injury ,Lumbar spine ,Consensus development ,business ,Intervertebral Disc Displacement - Abstract
The AO Spine Classification Group was established to propose a revised AO spine injury classification system. This paper provides details on the rationale, methodology, and results of the initial stage of the revision process for injuries of the thoracic and lumbar (TL) spine.In a structured, iterative process involving five experienced spine trauma surgeons from various parts of the world, consecutive cases with TL injuries were classified independently by members of the classification group, and analyzed for classification reliability using the Kappa coefficient (κ) and for accuracy using latent class analysis. The reasons for disagreements were examined systematically during review meetings. In four successive sessions, the system was revised until consensus and sufficient reproducibility were achieved.The TL spine injury system is based on three main injury categories adapted from the original Magerl AO concept: A (compression), B (tension band), and C (displacement) type injuries. Type-A injuries include four subtypes (wedge-impaction/split-pincer/incomplete burst/complete burst); B-type injuries are divided between purely osseous and osseo-ligamentous disruptions; and C-type injuries are further categorized into three subtypes (hyperextension/translation/separation). There is no subgroup division. The reliability of injury types (A, B, C) was good (κ = 0.77). The surgeons' pairwise Kappa ranged from 0.69 to 0.90. Kappa coefficients κ for reliability of injury subtypes ranged from 0.26 to 0.78.The proposed TL spine injury system is based on clinically relevant parameters. Final evaluation data showed reasonable reliability and accuracy. Further validation of the proposed revised AO Classification requires follow-up evaluation sessions and documentation by more surgeons from different countries and backgrounds and is subject to modification based on clinical parameters during subsequent phases.
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- 2013
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30. Reliability capability assessment of cooperative networks using the example of developing demonstrators of structured materials
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F Haase, M Reinhold, and R Woll
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- 2016
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31. AOSpine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system
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Gregory D. Schroeder, John D. Koerner, Luiz Roberto Vialle, Bizhan Aarabi, M. Reinhold, Christopher K. Kepler, Frank Kandziora, Klaus J. Schnake, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Kris E. Radcliff, Marcel F. Dvorak, Michael G. Fehlings, S. Rajasekaran, and F. Cumhur Oner
- Subjects
Facet (geometry) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Poison control ,Injury ,Trauma ,Neck Injuries ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Subaxial ,Injury prevention ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Grading (tumors) ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Reliability (statistics) ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Classification ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Spine ,AOSpine ,Traumatic injury ,Spinal Injuries ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Physical therapy ,Spinal Fractures ,Cervical ,Surgery ,Neurosurgery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Kappa - Abstract
Purpose: This project describes a morphology-based subaxial cervical spine traumatic injury classification system. Using the same approach as the thoracolumbar system, the goal was to develop a comprehensive yet simple classification system with high intra- and interobserver reliability to be used for clinical and research purposes. Methods: A subaxial cervical spine injury classification system was developed using a consensus process among clinical experts. All investigators were required to successfully grade 10 cases to demonstrate comprehension of the system before grading 30 additional cases on two occasions, 1 month apart. Kappa coefficients (κ) were calculated for intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Results: The classification system is based on three injury morphology types similar to the TL system: compression injuries (A), tension band injuries (B), and translational injuries (C), with additional descriptions for facet injuries, as well as patient-specific modifiers and neurologic status. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability was substantial for all injury subtypes (κ = 0.75 and 0.64, respectively). Conclusions: The AOSpine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system demonstrated substantial reliability in this initial assessment, and could be a valuable tool for communication, patient care and for research purposes.
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- 2016
32. [The AOSpine Classification of Thoraco-Lumbar Spine Injuries]
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F, Kandziora, P, Schleicher, K J, Schnake, M, Reinhold, B, Aarabi, C, Bellabarba, J, Chapman, M, Dvorak, M, Fehlings, R, Grossman, C K, Kepler, C, Öner, R, Shanmuganathan, L R, Vialle, and A R, Vaccaro
- Subjects
Lumbar Vertebrae ,Trauma Severity Indices ,Germany ,Spinal Fractures ,Spinal Cord Compression ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Thoracic Vertebrae - Abstract
Optimal treatment of injuries to the thoracolumbar spine is based on a detailed analysis of instability, as indicated by injury morphology and neurological status, together with significant modifying factors. A classification system helps to structure this analysis and should also provide guidance for treatment. Existing classification systems, such as the Magerl classification, are complex and do not include the neurological status, while the TLICS system has been accused of over-simplifying the influence of fracture morphology and instability. The AOSpine classification group has developed a new classification system, based mainly upon the Magerl and TLICS classifications, and with the aim of overcoming these drawbacks. This differentiates three main types of injury: Type A lesions are compression lesions to the anterior column; Type B lesions are distraction lesions of either the anterior or the posterior column; Type C lesions are translationally unstable lesions. Type A and B lesions are split into subgroups. The neurological damage is graded in 5 steps, ranging from a transient neurological deficit to complete spinal cord injury. Additional modifiers describe disorders which affect treatment strategy, such as osteoporosis or ankylosing diseases. Evaluations of intra- and inter-observer reliability have been very promising and encourage the introduction of this AOSpine classification of thoracolumbar injuries to the German speaking community.
- Published
- 2016
33. [Not Available]
- Author
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Thomas G, Wendt, G, Gademann, C, Pambor, I, Grießbach, H, von Specht, T, Martin, D, Baltas, R, Kurek, S, Röddiger, U W, Tunn, N, Zamboglou, H T, Eich, S, Staar, A, Gossmann, K, Hansemann, R, Semrau, R, Skripnitchenko, V, Diehl, R-P, Müller, S, Sehlen, N, Willich, U, Rühl, P, Lukas, E, Dühmke, K, Engel, E, Tabbert, M, Bolck, S, Knaack, H, Annweiler, R, Krempien, H, Hoppe, W, Harms, S, Daeuber, O, Schorr, M, Treiber, J, Debus, M, Alber, F, Paulsen, M, Birkner, A, Bakai, C, Belka, W, Budach, K-H, Grosser, R, Kramer, B, Kober, M, Reinert, P, Schneider, A, Hertel, H, Feldmann, P, Csere, C, Hoinkis, G, Rothe, P, Zahn, H, Alheit, S X, Cavanaugh, P, Kupelian, C, Reddy, B, Pollock, M, Fuss, S, Roeddiger, T, Dannenberg, B, Rogge, D, Drechsler, T, Herrmann, W, Alberti, R, Schwarz, M, Graefen, A, Krüll, V, Rudat, H, Huland, C, Fehr, C, Baum, S, Glocker, F, Nüsslin, T, Heil, H, Lemnitzer, M, Knips, O, Baumgart, W, Thiem, K-H, Kloetzer, L, Hoffmann, B, Neu, B, Hültenschmidt, M-L, Sautter-Bihl, O, Micke, M H, Seegenschmiedt, D, Köppen, G, Klautke, R, Fietkau, J, Schultze, G, Schlichting, H, Koltze, B, Kimmig, M, Glatzel, D, Fröhlich, S, Bäsecke, A, Krauß, D, Strauß, K-J, Buth, R, Böhme, W, Oehler, D, Bottke, U, Keilholz, K, Heufelder, T, Wiegel, W, Hinkelbein, C, Rödel, T, Papadopoulos, M, Munnes, R, Wirtz, R, Sauer, F, Rödel, D, Lubgan, L, Distel, G G, Grabenbauer, A, Sak, G, Stüben, C, Pöttgen, S, Grehl, M, Stuschke, K, Müller, C, Pfaffendorf, A, Mayerhofer, F M, Köhn, J, Ring, D, van Beuningen, V, Meineke, S, Neubauer, U, Keller, M, Wittlinger, D, Riesenbeck, B, Greve, R, Exeler, M, Ibrahim, C, Liebscher, E, Severin, O, Ott, R, Pötter, J, Hammer, G, Hildebrandt, M W, Beckmann, V, Strnad, F, Fehlauer, S, Tribius, A, Bajrovic, U, Höller, D, Rades, A, Warszawski, R, Baumann, B, Madry-Gevecke, J H, Karstens, C, Grehn, F, Hensley, C, Berns, M, Wannenmacher, S, Semrau, T, Reimer, B, Gerber, P, Ketterer, E, Koepcke, G, Hänsgen, H G, Strauß, J, Dunst, J, Füller, S, Kalb, T, Wendt, H D, Weitmann, C, Waldhäusl, T-H, Knocke, U, Lamprecht, J, Classen, T W, Kaulich, B, Aydeniz, M, Bamberg, T, Wiezorek, N, Banz, H, Salz, M, Scheithauer, M, Schwedas, J, Lutterbach, S, Bartelt, H, Frommhold, J, Lambert, D, Hornung, S, Swiderski, M, Walke, A, Siefert, B, Pöllinger, K, Krimmel, M, Schaffer, O, Koelbl, K, Bratengeier, D, Vordermark, M, Flentje, B, Hero, F, Berthold, S E, Combs, S, Gutwein, D, Schulz-Ertner, M, van Kampen, C, Thilmann, M, Kocher, S, Kunze, S, Schild, K, Ikezaki, B, Müller, R, Sieber, C, Weiß, I, Wolf, F, Wenz, K-J, Weber, J, Schäfer, A, Engling, S, Laufs, M R, Veldwijk, D, Milanovic, K, Fleckenstein, W, Zeller, S, Fruehauf, C, Herskind, M, Weinmann, V, Jendrossek, C, Rübe, S, Appold, S, Kusche, T, Hölscher, K, Brüchner, P, Geyer, M, Baumann, R, Kumpf, F, Zimmermann, S, Schill, H, Geinitz, C, Nieder, B, Jeremic, M, Molls, S, Liesenfeld, H, Petrat, S, Hesselmann, U, Schäfer, F, Bruns, E, Horst, R, Wilkowski, G, Assmann, A, Nolte, J, Diebold, U, Löhrs, P, Fritz, K, Hans-Jürgen, W, Mühlnickel, P, Bach, B, Wahlers, H-J, Kraus, J, Wulf, U, Hädinger, K, Baier, T, Krieger, G, Müller, H, Hof, K, Herfarth, T, Brunner, S M, Hahn, F S, Schreiber, A K, Rustgi, W G, McKenna, E J, Bernhard, M, Guckenberger, K, Meyer, J, Willner, M, Schmidt, M, Kolb, M, Li, P, Gong, A, Abdollahi, T, Trinh, P E, Huber, H, Christiansen, B, Saile, K, Neubauer-Saile, S, Tippelt, M, Rave-Fränk, R M, Hermann, J, Dudas, C F, Hess, H, Schmidberger, G, Ramadori, N, Andratschke, R, Price, K-K, Ang, S, Schwarz, U, Kulka, M, Busch, L, Schlenger, J, Bohsung, I, Eichwurzel, G, Matnjani, D, Sandrock, M, Richter, R, Wurm, V, Budach, A, Feussner, J, Gellermann, A, Jordan, R, Scholz, U, Gneveckow, K, Maier-Hauff, R, Ullrich, P, Wust, R, Felix, N, Waldöfner, M, Seebass, H-J, Ochel, A, Dani, A, Varkonyi, M, Osvath, A, Szasz, P M, Messer, N M, Blumstein, H-W, Gottfried, E, Schneider, S N, Reske, E M, Röttinger, A-L, Grosu, M, Franz, S, Stärk, W, Weber, M, Heintz, F, Indenkämpen, T, Beyer, W, Lübcke, S, Levegrün, J, Hayen, N, Czech, B, Mbarek, R, Köster, H, Thurmann, M, Todorovic, A, Schuchert, T, Meinertz, T, Münzel, H, Grundtke, B, Hornig, T, Hehr, C, Dilcher, R C, Chan, G S, Mintz, J-I, Kotani, V M, Shah, D A, Canos, N J, Weissman, R, Waksman, R, Wolfram, B, Bürger, M, Schrappe, B, Timmermann, A, Lomax, G, Goitein, A, Schuck, A, Mattke, C, Int-Veen, I, Brecht, S, Bernhard, J, Treuner, E, Koscielniak, F, Heinze, M, Kuhlen, I, von Schorlemer, S, Ahrens, A, Hunold, S, Könemann, W, Winkelmann, H, Jürgens, J, Gerstein, B, Polivka, K-W, Sykora, M, Bremer, R, Thamm, C, Höpfner, H, Gumprecht, R, Jäger, M A, Leonardi, A M, Frank, A E, Trappe, C B, Lumenta, E, Östreicher, K, Pinsker, A, Müller, C, Fauser, W, Arnold, M, Henzel, M W, Groß, R, Engenhart-Cabillic, P, Schüller, S, Palkovic, J, Schröder, H, Wassmann, A, Block, R, Bauer, F-W, Keffel, B, Theophil, L, Wisser, M, Rogger, M, Niewald, V, van Lengen, K, Mathias, G, Welzel, M, Bohrer, S, Steinvorth, C, Schleußner, K, Leppert, B, Röhrig, B, Strauß, B, van Oorschot, N, Köhler, R, Anselm, A, Winzer, T, Schneider, U, Koch, K, Schönekaes, R, Mücke, J, Büntzel, K, Kisters, C, Scholz, M, Keller, C, Winkler, N, Prause, R, Busch, S, Roth, I, Haas, R, Willers, S, Schultze-Mosgau, J, Wiltfang, P, Kessler, F W, Neukam, B, Röper, N, Nüse, F, Auer, W, Melzner, M, Geiger, M, Lotter, T, Kuhnt, A C, Müller, N, Jirsak, C, Gernhardt, H-G, Schaller, B, Al-Nawas, M O, Klein, C, Ludwig, J, Körholz, K A, Grötz, K, Huppers, M, Kunkel, T, Olschewski, K, Bajor, B, Lang, E, Lang, U, Kraus-Tiefenbacher, R, Hofheinz, B, von Gerstenberg-Helldorf, F, Willeke, A, Hochhaus, M, Roebel, S, Oertel, S, Riedl, M, Buechler, T, Foitzik, K, Ludwig, E, Klar, A, Meyer, J, Meier Zu Eissen, D, Schwab, T, Meyer, S, Höcht, A, Siegmann, F, Sieker, S, Pigorsch, B, Milicic, L, Acimovic, S, Milisavljevic, G, Radosavljevic-Asic, N, Presselt, R P, Baum, D, Treutler, R, Bonnet, M, Schmücking, D, Sammour, T, Fink, J, Ficker, O, Pradier, K, Lederer, E, Weiss, A, Hille, S, Welz, S, Sepe, G, Friedel, W, Spengler, E, Susanne, O, Kölbl, W, Hoffmann, B, Wörmann, A, Günther, M, Becker-Schiebe, J, Güttler, C, Schul, M, Nitsche, M K, Körner, R, Oppenkowski, F, Guntrum, L, Malaimare, M, Raub, C, Schöfl, T, Averbeck, I, Hacker, H, Blank, C, Böhme, D, Imhoff, K, Eberlein, S, Weidauer, H D, Böttcher, L, Edler, M, Tatagiba, H, Molina, C, Ostertag, S, Milker-Zabel, A, Zabel, W, Schlegel, A, Hartmann, I, Wildfang, G, Kleinert, K, Hamm, W, Reuschel, R, Wehrmann, P, Kneschaurek, M W, Münter, A, Nikoghosyan, B, Didinger, S, Nill, B, Rhein, D, Küstner, U, Schalldach, D, Eßer, H, Göbel, H, Wördehoff, S, Pachmann, H, Hollenhorst, K, Dederer, C, Evers, J, Lamprecht, A, Dastbaz, B, Schick, J, Fleckenstein, P K, Plinkert, Chr, Rübe, T, Merz, B, Sommer, A, Mencl, V, Ghilescu, S, Astner, A, Martin, F, Momm, N J, Volegova-Neher, J, Schulte-Mönting, R, Guttenberger, A, Buchali, E, Blank, D, Sidow, W, Huhnt, T, Gorbatov, A, Heinecke, G, Beckmann, A-M, Bentia, H, Schmitz, U, Spahn, V, Heyl, P-J, Prott, R, Galalae, R, Schneider, C, Voith, A, Scheda, B, Hermann, L, Bauer, F, Melchert, N, Kröger, A, Grüneisen, F, Jänicke, A, Zander, I, Zuna, I, Schlöcker, K, Wagner, E, John, T, Dörk, G, Lochhas, M, Houf, D, Lorenz, K-H, Link, F-J, Prott, M, Thoma, R, Schauer, V, Heinemann, M, Romano, M, Reiner, A, Quanz, U, Oppitz, R, Bahrehmand, M, Tine, A, Naszaly, P, Patonay, Á, Mayer, K, Markert, S-K, Mai, F, Lohr, B, Dobler, M, Pinkawa, K, Fischedick, P, Treusacher, D, Cengiz, R, Mager, H, Borchers, G, Jakse, M J, Eble, B, Asadpour, B, Krenkel, R, Holy, Y, Kaplan, T, Block, H, Czempiel, U, Haverkamp, B, Prümer, T, Christian, P, Benkel, C, Weber, S, Gruber, P, Reimann, J, Blumberg, K, Krause, A-R, Fischedick, K, Kaube, K, Steckler, B, Henzel, N, Licht, T, Loch, A, Krystek, A, Lilienthal, H, Alfia, J, Claßen, P, Spillner, B, Knutzen, R, Souchon, I, Schulz, K, Grüschow, U, Küchenmeister, H, Vogel, D, Wolff, U, Ramm, J, Licner, F, Rudolf, J, Moog, C G, Rahl, S, Mose, H, Vorwerk, E, Weiß, A, Engert, I, Seufert, F, Schwab, J, Dahlke, T, Zabelina, W, Krüger, H, Kabisch, V, Platz, J, Wolf, B, Pfistner, B, Stieltjes, T, Wilhelm, M, Schmuecking, K, Junker, D, Treutier, C P, Schneider, J, Leonhardi, A, Niesen, K, Hoeffken, A, Schmidt, K-M, Mueller, I, Schmid, K, Lehmann, C G, Blumstein, R, Kreienberg, L, Freudenberg, H, Kühl, M, Stahl, B, Elo, P, Erichsen, H, Stattaus, T, Welzel, U, Mende, S, Heiland, B J, Salter, R, Schmid, D, Stratakis, R M, Huber, J, Haferanke, N, Zöller, M, Henke, J, Lorenzen, B, Grzyska, A, Kuhlmey, G, Adam, V, Hamelmann, T, Bölling, H, Job, J E, Panke, P, Feyer, S, Püttmann, B, Siekmeyer, H, Jung, B, Gagel, U, Militz, M, Piroth, A, Schmachtenberg, T, Hoelscher, C, Verfaillie, B, Kaminski, E, Lücke, H, Mörtel, W, Eyrich, M, Fritsch, J-C, Georgi, C, Plathow, H, Zieher, F, Kiessling, P, Peschke, H-U, Kauczor, J, Licher, O, Schneider, R, Henschler, C, Seidel, A, Kolkmeyer, T P, Nguyen, K, Janke, M, Michaelis, M, Bischof, C, Stoffregen, K, Lipson, K, Weber, V, Ehemann, D, Jürgen, P, Achanta, K, Thompson, J L, Martinez, T, Körschgen, R, Pakala, E, Pinnow, D, Hellinga, F, O'Tio, A, Katzer, A, Kaffer, A, Kuechler, S, Steinkirchner, N, Dettmar, N, Cordes, S, Frick, M, Kappler, H, Taubert, F, Bartel, H, Schmidt, M, Bache, S, Frühauf, T, Wenk, K, Litzenberger, M, Erren, F, van Valen, L, Liu, K, Yang, J, Palm, M, Püsken, M, Behe, T M, Behr, P, Marini, A, Johne, U, Claussen, T, Liehr, V, Steil, C, Moustakis, I, Griessbach, A, Oettel, C, Schaal, M, Reinhold, G, Strasssmann, I, Braun, P, Vacha, D, Richter, T, Osterham, P, Wolf, G, Guenther, M, Miemietz, E A, Lazaridis, B, Forthuber, M, Sure, J, Klein, H, Saleske, T, Riedel, P, Hirnle, G, Horstmann, H, Schoepgens, A, Van Eck, O, Bundschuh, A, Van Oosterhut, K, Xydis, K, Theodorou, C, Kappas, J, Zurheide, N, Fridtjof, U, Ganswindt, N, Weidner, M, Buchgeister, B, Weigel, S B, Müller, M, Glashörster, C, Weining, B, Hentschel, O A, Sauer, W, Kleen, J, Beck, D, Lehmann, S, Ley, C, Fink, M, Puderbach, W, Hosch, A, Schmähl, K, Jung, A, Stoßberg, E, Rolf, M, Damrau, D, Oetzel, U, Maurer, G, Maurer, K, Lang, J, Zumbe, D, Hahm, H, Fees, B, Robrandt, U, Melcher, M, Niemeyer, A, Mondry, V, Kanellopoulos-Niemeyer, H, Karle, D, Jacob-Heutmann, C, Born, W, Mohr, J, Kutzner, M, Thelen, M, Schiebe, U, Pinkert, L, Piasswilm, F, Pohl, S, Garbe, K, Wolf, Y, Nour, P, Barwig, D, Trog, C, Schäfer, M, Herbst, B, Dietl, M, Cartes, F, Schroeder, G, Sigingan-Tek, R, Feierabend, S, Theden, A, Schlieck, M, Gotthardt, U, Glowalla, S, Kremp, O, Hamid, N, Riefenstahl, B, Michaelis, G, Schaal, E, Liebermeister, U, Niewöhner-Desbordes, M, Kowalski, N, Franz, W, Stahl, C, Baumbach, J, Thale, W, Wagner, B, Justus, A L, Huston, R, Seaborn, P, Rai, S-W, Rha, G, Sakas, S, Wesarg, P, Zogal, B, Schwald, H, Seibert, R, Berndt-Skorka, G, Seifert, K, Schoenekaes, C, Bilecen, W, Ito, G, Matschuck, and D, Isik
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- 2016
34. Radiographic analysis of type II odontoid fractures in a geriatric patient population: description and pathomechanism of the 'Geier'-deformity
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W. Krengel, Richard J. Bransford, Michael J Lee, M. Reinhold, Carlo Bellabarba, Jens R. Chapman, and Theodore Wagner
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiography ,Population ,Kyphosis ,Odontoid Process ,Deformity ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,education ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Cervical spine ,Sagittal plane ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Fractures ,Original Article ,Female ,Neurosurgery ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Type II odontoid fractures are one among the most common cervical spine fractures in the elders. We reviewed a consecutive series of patients, aged 65 years and older, presenting to our institution with type II odontoid fractures. Our analysis focused on the radiographic outcome, union rate and the development of cervical spine postural deformity. Indications for surgical treatment (OP) included displaced or unstable injuries. Stable, non-displaced injuries or patients with significant co-morbidities were treated nonoperatively (non-op). Ninety patients (50 f, 40 m) with an average age of 83 years (65–101) were identified. 31 (34.4%) patients were received OP and 57 (63.3%) were received non-op treatments. The hospital length of stay was significantly longer after OP (mean 10 days vs. 6 days non-op) treatment (p = 0.007). At follow-up, higher union rates were noted in the OP (76.2%) than in the non-op group (58.3%). We observed a characteristic cervical spine deformity in geriatric patients with type II odontoid fractures, and have termed this the “Geier-deformity”. Clinical findings of the deformity include sagittal imbalance and kyphosis of the lower cervical spine.
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- 2011
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35. Operative treatment of 733 patients with acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries: comprehensive results from the second, prospective, internet-based multicenter study of the Spine Study Group of the German Association of Trauma Surgery
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M. Reinhold, C. Knop, Frank Kandziora, M. Schultheiss, R. Pranzl, M. Blauth, A. Weckbach, Volker Bühren, Laurent Audigé, A. Pizanis, Rudolf Beisse, and Erol Gercek
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Comorbidity ,Lumbar vertebrae ,Severity of Illness Index ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,Young Adult ,Lumbar ,Spinal cord compression ,Germany ,medicine ,Deformity ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Societies, Medical ,Aged ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Perioperative ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Injuries ,Acute Disease ,Thoracic vertebrae ,Spinal Fractures ,Original Article ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Spinal Cord Compression ,Trauma surgery - Abstract
The second, internet-based multicenter study (MCSII) of the Spine Study Group of the German Association of Trauma Surgery (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie) is a representative patient collection of acute traumatic thoracolumbar (T1-L5) injuries. The MCSII results are an update of those obtained with the first multicenter study (MCSI) more than a decade ago. The aim of the study was to assess and bring into focus: the (1) epidemiologic data, (2) surgical and radiological outcome, and (3) 2-year follow-up (FU) results of these injuries. According to the Magerl/AO classification, there were 424 (57.8%) compression fractures (A type), 178 (24.3%) distractions injuries (B type), and 131 (17.9%) rotational injuries (C type). B and C type injuries carried a higher risk for neurological deficits, concomitant injuries, and multiple vertebral fractures. The level of injury was located at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2) in 67.0% of the case. 380 (51.8%) patients were operated on by posterior stabilization and instrumentation alone (POSTERIOR), 34 (4.6%) had an anterior procedure (ANTERIOR), and 319 (43.5%) patients were treated with combined posteroanterior surgery (COMBINED). 65% of patients with thoracic (T1-T10) and 57% with lumbar spinal (L3-L5) injuries were treated with a single posterior approach (POSTERIOR). 47% of the patients with thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2) injuries were either operated from posterior or with a combined posterior-anterior surgery (COMBINED) each. Short angular stable implant systems have replaced conventional non-angular stable instrumentation systems to a large extent. The posttraumatic deformity was restored best with COMBINED surgery. T-spine injuries were accompanied by a higher number and more severe neurologic deficits than TL junction or L-spine injuries. At the same time T-spine injuries showed less potential for neurologic recovery especially in paraplegic (Frankel/AISA A) patients. 5% of all patients required revision surgery for perioperative complications. Follow-up data of 558 (76.1%) patients were available and collected during a 30-month period from 1 January 2004 until 31 May 2006. On average, a posterior implant removal was carried out in a total of 382 COMBINED and POSTERIOR patients 12 months after the initial surgery. On average, the rehabilitation process required 3-4 weeks of inpatient treatment, followed by another 4 months of outpatient therapy and was significantly shorter when compared with MCSI in the mid-1990s. From the time of injury until FU, 80 (60.6%) of 132 patients with initial neurological deficits improved at least one grade on the Frankel/ASIA Scale; 8 (1.3%) patients deteriorated. A higher recovery rate was observed for incomplete neurological injuries (73%) than complete neurological injuries (44%). Different surgical approaches did not have a significant influence on the neurologic recovery until FU. Nevertheless, neurological deficits are the most important factors for the functional outcome and prognosis of TL spinal injuries. POSTERIOR patients had a better functional and subjective outcome at FU than COMBINED patients. However, the posttraumatic radiological deformity was best corrected in COMBINED patients and showed significantly less residual kyphotic deformity (biseg GDW -3.8° COMBINED vs. -6.1° POSTERIOR) at FU (p = 0.005). The sagittal spinal alignment was better maintained when using vertebral body replacement implants (cages) in comparison to iliac strut grafts. Additional anterior plate systems did not have a significant influence on the radiological FU results. In conclusion, comprehensive data of a large patient population with acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries has been obtained and analyzed with this prospective internet-based multicenter study. Thus, updated results and the clinical outcome of the current operative treatment strategies in participating German and Austrian trauma centers have been presented. Nevertheless, it was not possible to answer all remaining questions to contradictory findings of the subjective, clinical outcome and corresponding radiological findings between different surgical subgroups. Randomized-controlled long-term investigations seem mandatory and the next step in future clinical research of Spine Study Group of the German Trauma Society.
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- 2010
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36. Combined posterior–anterior stabilisation of thoracolumbar injuries utilising a vertebral body replacing implant
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Christian Knop, M. Reinhold, T. Kranabetter, and Michael Blauth
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Self-Evaluation Programs ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Kyphosis ,Lumbar vertebrae ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,Disability Evaluation ,Young Adult ,Spinal cord compression ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Back pain ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Aged ,Pain Measurement ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,business.industry ,Prostheses and Implants ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Low back pain ,Internal Fixators ,Surgery ,Oswestry Disability Index ,Radiography ,Spinal Fusion ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Injuries ,McGill Pain Questionnaire ,Spinal fusion ,Spinal Fractures ,Female ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Spinal Cord Compression - Abstract
The authors report on a prospectively followed series of 35 patients with injuries of the thoracolumbar spine from T7 to L3. The radiological course after combined posterior-anterior surgery with anterior column reconstruction with a distractible vertebral body replacing implant demonstrated a stable reconstruction technique with almost no re-kyphosing. In 18/18 patients with CT follow-up intervertebral fusion was observed as bony bridging lateral to the VBR implant. The functional/clinical outcome of the patients was analysed with a set of eight validated outcome scales. After an average follow-up period of 2(1/2) years encouraging results were noticed. The neurological improvement rate (or =1 Frankel/ASIA grade) was 8/12 patients (67%) with a complete recovery in 6 cases. 17/29 patients returned to former occupation; 20/29 patients returned to former leisure activities; 24/28 patients rated their general outcome as "unlimited and pain free" or "occasionally and/or mild complaints" with a VAS score of80 (scale 0-100). The psychometric questionnaires revealed good results with strong correlation comparing the different scoring systems statistically: mean McGill Pain Questionnaire 12.5 (0-40); mean Oswestry Disability Index 20% (0-51). 13/29 patients scored4 in the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire. The German back pain questionnaire (Funktionsfragebogen Hannover Rücken) showed a mean "functional capacity" of 75%, corresponding with moderate restriction. We concluded the presented method as highly effective to completely reduce and maintain an anatomic spinal alignment. The outcome tended to be better in comparison with non-operatively treated patients as well as with norm populations with low back pain.
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- 2009
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37. Operative Behandlung traumatischer Frakturen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule
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A. Weckbach, M. Reinhold, Erol Gercek, A. Pizanis, Michael Blauth, Volker Bühren, R. Pranzl, Christian Knop, Laurent Audigé, M. Schultheiss, Rudolf Beisse, and Frank Kandziora
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multicenter study ,business.industry ,Treatment outcome ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Follow up studies ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Wirbelsaule“ (AG WS) der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Unfallchirurgie (DGU) stellt im dritten und letzten Teil der zweiten prospektiven multizentrischen Sammelstudie (MCS II) zur Behandlung von Verletzungen der gesamten Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaule Ergebnisse der Nachuntersuchungen (NU) eines 865 Patienten umfassenden Patientenkollektives aus 8 Zentren vor. Teil I der Arbeit befasste sich mit den epidemiologischen Daten des Studienkollektivs und Teil II mit Details zu den Operationen und rontgenologischen Befunden. Der gesamte Studienzeitraum umfasst die Jahre 2002 bis 2006 mit einem 30-monatigen Nachuntersuchungszeitraum vom 01.01.2004 bis 31.05.2006. NU-Ergebnisse wurden in Anlehnung an Teil I und II unter Berucksichtigung von drei charakteristischen Behandlungsgruppen (OP, KONS, PLASTIE), unterschiedlichen Operationstechniken (dorsal, ventral, kombiniert) und der Verletzungslokalisationen (BWS, TLU, LWS) ausgewertet. Die Nachuntersuchungsergebnisse von 638 (74%) Patienten wurden mit Hilfe einer internetbasierten Datenbank zusammengetragen. Nach der Entlassung aus der stationaren Behandlung folgten Aufenthalte von durchschnittlich 4 Wochen in einer Rehabilitationsklinik, die signifikant langer dauerten bei Patienten mit persistierenden neurologischen Ausfallen (O 10,9 Wochen) oder Wirbelsaulenverletzungen, die im Rahmen eines Polytraumas auftraten (O 8,6 Wochen). Ambulant wurde im Mittel fur weitere 4 Monate physiotherapeutisch nachbehandelt, mit signifikant langerer ambulanter Nachbehandlung der Patienten mit neurologischen Ausfallen zum Zeitpunkt der NU (O 8,7 Monate) und Typ-C-Frakturen (O 8,6 Monate). Die Verletzungslokalisation hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Dauer der stationaren Rehabilitation und ambulanten Physiotherapie. 382 (72,2%) primar dorsal oder kombiniert operierte Patienten unterzogen sich nach durchschnittlich 12 Monaten einer Operation zur Metallentfernung. Im Verlauf der NU wurden nach Operationen bei 56 (8,8%) Patienten Komplikationen beobachtet, die in 18 (2,8%) Fallen operativ revidiert wurden. Die haufigsten Ursachen der Komplikationen waren Infektionen, Korrekturverluste/Fehlstellungen oder implantatassoziierte Probleme. Klinische Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Raucher im Vergleich zu Nichtrauchern ein 2,9-mal hoheres relatives Risiko fur Wundheilungsstorung hatten. Im Gesamtkollektiv besserte sich der neurologische Zustand bis zur NU bei 81 (60,4%) von 134 Patienten, die zum Zeitpunkt der stationaren Aufnahme neurologische Ausfalle hatten. Verschlechterungen wurden in 8 (1,3%) Fallen dokumentiert. Die Besserungsrate fur komplette QS-Lasionen nach Verletzungen der BWS betrug 9% und 59% am TLU. Die Art der operativen Versorgung (dorsal vs. kombiniert) hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das neurologische NU-Ergebnis. Das Patientenalter, das Geschlecht und das Vorliegen eines neurologischen Defizites hatte einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss (p 2 Jahre nach dem Unfall beschwerdefrei. Die relative Haufigkeit der Patienten mit uneingeschrankter Ruckenfunktion war groser nach isoliert dorsaler Operation (24,2%) oder ventraler Behandlung (13,8%) als nach kombinierter Operation 17,3% (p=0,005; χ²-Test). Fur unterschiedliche Verletzungslokalisationen wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede (p>0,05) errechnet (BWS (17,4%), TLU (22,5%) und LWS (13,6%). Der Anteil der Patienten mit Verletzungen des TLU, die zur NU bezuglich des ventralen Zugangs „vollstandig beschwerdefrei“ waren, unterschied sich nicht signifikant nach offenem (55,6%) oder endoskopischem (63,8%) Vorgehen. 56,3% der Patienten waren bei der NU nach Knochenentnahme am Beckenkamm beschwerdefrei. Im VAS-Wirbelsaulenscore zur NU erreichten Patienten der Behandlungsgruppen OP 58,4 Punkte, KONS 59,8 Punkte und PLASTIE 59,7 Punkte. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede operativer Subgruppen wurden lediglich an der BWS nachgewiesen, wo Patienten nach isoliert dorsaler Operation mehr Punkte (64,9 Punkte) erreichten als nach kombinierter operativer Behandlung (47,8 Punkt; p=0,004). Mindestens 80% oder mehr des ursprunglichen VAS-Wirbelsaulenscorewertes vor dem Unfall erreichten 56,2% der Patienten der Gruppe OP (dorsal 60,4%, ventral 61,1%, kombinert 51,4%), 52,9% KONS und 67,6% der Gruppe PLASTIE. Nach der Operation waren die Patienten durchschnittlich 4 Monate arbeitsunfahig. Die volle Reintegration von Patienten mit sitzender Tatigkeit vor dem Unfall gelang in 71,1% der Falle. Gingen Patienten einer korperlichen Arbeit nach, war die volle berufliche Reintegration nur in 38,9% der Falle moglich. Zur NU gaben 87 (31,2%) Patienten nach dorsalem und 50 (20,1%) nach kombiniertem Eingriff an, keine Einschrankungen ihrer Freizeitaktivitaten zu haben (p=0,001). Die radiologischen NU-Ergebnisse der Behandlungsgruppen PLASTIE und KONS zeigten ein vergleichbares Ergebnis im sagittalen Wirbelsaulenprofil (GDW von −9° bzw. −8,5°). Durch die operativen Masnahmen konnte die unfallbedingte kyphotische Fehlstellung zunachst korrigiert bzw. reduziert werden. Im weiteren Verlauf der NU muss dann jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Korrekturverlusten in Abhangigkeit von der Operationstechnik und Frakturlokalisation gerechnet werden: Nach kombinierter dorsoventraler Behandlung resultierten statistisch signifikant weniger kyphotische Fehlstellungen zur NU (−3,8°) im Vergleich zur isolierten dorsalen Behandlung (−6,1°; p=0,005; ANOVA). Dies bedeutet, dass der Korrekturgewinn nach kombinierter Behandlung groser als nach isoliert dorsaler oder ventraler Versorgung war. Die Verwendung von Wirbelkorperersatzimplantaten (Cage) zur ventralen Rekonstruktion und Abstutzung zeigte signifikant bessere Ergebnisse mit weniger Korrekturverlust des bisegmentalen GDW zur NU (0,3°) als nach Verwendung von Knochenspanen (NU −3,7°; p
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- 2009
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38. Operative Behandlung traumatischer Frakturen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule
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Rudolf Beisse, C. Knop, M. Schultheiss, Volker Bühren, M. Reinhold, A. Weckbach, Erol Gercek, M. Blauth, R. Pranzl, Frank Kandziora, A. Pizanis, and Laurent Audigé
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Thorax ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Intraoperative Complication ,business.industry ,Postoperative complication ,medicine.disease ,Spinal column ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lumbar ,Emergency Medicine ,Deformity ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Spinal canal ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Spinal cord injury - Abstract
The Spine Study Group (AG WS) of the German Trauma Association (DGU) presents its second prospective Internet-based multicenter study (MCS II) for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal injuries. This second part of the study report focuses on the surgical treatment, course of treatment, and radiological findings in a study population of 865 patients. A total of 158 (18,3%) thoracic, 595 (68,8%) thoracolumbar, and 112 (12,9%) lumbar spine injuries were treated. Of these, 733 patients received operative treatment (OP group). Fifty-two patients were treated non-operatively and 69 patients were treated with kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty without additional instrumentation (Plasty group). In the OP group, 380 (51.8%) patients were instrumented from a posterior (dorsal) position, 34 (4.6%) from an anterior (ventral) position, and 319 (43.5%) cases with a combined posteroanterior procedure. Angular stable internal spine fixator systems were used in 86-97% of the cases for posterior and/or combined posteroanterior procedures. For anterior procedures, angular stable plate systems were used in a majority of cases (51.1%) for the instrumentation of mainly one or two segment lesions (72.7%). In 188 cases (53,3%), vertebral body replacement implants (cages) were used and were mainly implanted via endoscopic approaches (67,4%) to the thoracic spine and/or the thoracolumbar junction. The average operating time was 152 min in posterior-, 208 min in anterior-, and 298 min in combined postero-anterior procedures (p
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- 2009
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39. Operative Behandlung traumatischer Frakturen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule
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A. Weckbach, Rudolf Beisse, Frank Kandziora, Laurent Audigé, C. Knop, A. Pizanis, M. Schultheiss, R. Pranzl, Erol Gercek, M. Reinhold, Volker Bühren, and M. Blauth
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Spinal column ,Surgery ,Lumbar ,Multicenter study ,Concomitant ,Radiological weapon ,Epidemiology ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Young adult ,business - Abstract
The Spine Study Group (AG WS) of the German Trauma Association (DGU) has now been in existence for more than a decade. Its main objective is the evaluation and optimization of the operative treatment for traumatic spinal injuries. The authors present the results of the second prospective internet-based multicenter study (MCS II) of the AG WS in three consecutive parts: epidemiology, surgical treatment and radiologic findings and follow-up results. The aim of the study was to update and review the state-of-the art for treatment of spinal fractures for thoracic and lumbar spine (T1-L5) injuries in German-speaking countries: which lesions will be treated with which procedure and what differences can be found in the course of treatment and the clinical and radiological outcome? This present first part of the study outlines the new study design and concept of an internet-based data collection system. The epidemiologic findings and characteristics of the three major treatment subgroups of the study collective will be presented: operative treatment (OP), non-operative treatment (KONS), and patients receiving a kyphoplasty and/or vertebroplasty without additional instrumentation (PLASTIE). A total of 865 patients (OP n=733, KONS n=52, PLASTIE n=69, other n=7) from 8 German and Austrian trauma centers were included. The main causes of accidents in the OP subgroup were motor vehicle accidents 27.1% and trivial falls 15.8% (KONS 55.8%, PLASTIE 66.7%). The Magerl/AO classification scheme was used and 548 (63.3%) compression fractures (type A), 181 (20.9%) distraction injuries (type B), and 136 (15.7%) rotational injuries (type C) were diagnosed. Of the fractures 68.8% were located at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Type B and type C injuries carried a higher risk for concomitant injuries, neurological deficits and additional vertebral fractures. The average initial VAS spine score, representing the status before the trauma, varied between treatment subgroups (OP 80, KONS 75, PLASTIE 72) and declined with increasing patient age (p
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- 2008
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40. Marketingquellen / Buchservice
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S. Janz, L. Ebersbach, V. Walter, T. O. Brexendorf, M. Reinhold, J. Keller, and P. Egger
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- 2008
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41. Ein verbessertes Wirbelkörperersatzimplantat für die thorakolumbale Wirbelsäule
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Dietmar Krappinger, C. Knop, F. Canto, W. Schmölz, M. Reinhold, and M. Blauth
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Emergency Medicine ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
In den letzten Jahren haben sich Wirbelkorperersatzimplantate aus Titan zur Behandlung von Tumoren, Wirbelsaulenverletzungen oder posttraumatischen Deformitaten etabliert. Exzessive Sinterung oder Sekundardislokation der Implantate konnen Probleme verursachen. Deshalb wurde ein modulares Wirbelkorperersatzimplantat fur die thorakolumbale Wirbelsaule (TLWS) mit modifizierten Endplatten entwickelt und einem vergleichenden biomechanischen Kompressionstest zur Bestimmung des Einsinkverhaltens an humanen Lendenwirbelkorpern unterzogen. 24 frischen entnommene humane Lendenwirbelkorper der Segmenthohen L1–L4 wurden 4 Testgruppen mit homogener Knochendichte- und Segmenthohenverteilung zugeteilt. Durch axiale Krafteinleitung wurden mit einer Materialtestmaschine (MTS Mini Bionix) die am Implantat-Wirbelkorperubergang auftretenden Kompressionskrafte eines neuen Prototyps (Synex II) mit 3 weiteren Titancages bestimmt und verglichen: Synex I (Fa. Synthes), Obelisc (Fa. Ulrich Medical) und X-Tenz (Fa. DePuy Spine). Alle getesteten Implantate verfugen uber Funktionen, um in situ distrahiert werden zu konnen. Die Praparate wurden in kraniokaudaler Richtung bei konstanter Geschwindigkeit von 5 mm/min axial belastet. Kraft-Weg-Kurven wurden kontinuierlich bis zum Testende, entweder durch Einbrechen des Implantats in die Wirbelkorperdeckplatte oder markanten Abfall der Kraft-Weg-Kurve, aufgezeichnet. Kompressionsweg (dmax), maximale Kompressionskraft (Fmax) und Kompressionskrafte nach 1, 2, 3 und 4 mm Weg (F1–4mm) wurden einer Varianzanalyse (ANOVA) mit Post-hoc-Tests nach Bonferroni unterzogen. Die 4 Wirbelkorperersatzimplantate zeigten keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf die maximale Kompressionskraft (Fmax) bis zum Versagen: Synex II (1782 N/4,7 mm); Synex I (1645 N/4,7 mm); Obelisc (1314 N/4,2 mm); X-Tenz (1470 N/6,9 mm). Jedoch widersteht der Prototyp (Synex II) uber einen Kompressionsweg bis 4 mm den grosten Kompressionskraften (F1–4 mm: 300–1600 N). Dieser Unterschied war bei einem Kompressionsweg von 2 mm fur Synex II (F2 mm=879 N) und X-Tenz (F2 mm=339 N) statistisch signifikant (p=0,028). Das neue Endplattendesign des Prototypen gewahrleistet ein verbessertes Einsinkverhalten unter uniaxial Belastung im Vergleich zu seinem Vorgangermodell (Synex I). In vitro konnen dadurch hohere Kompressionskrafte durch das Implantat aufgenommen werden ohne in die Wirbelkorperdeckplatte einzubrechen. Es liegt nahe, dass deshalb auch in vivo ein geringeres Risiko durch fruhzeitigen Sekundardislokation und Versagen der Implantat-Knochen-Grenze (z. B. bei Osteoporose) zu erwarten sind.
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- 2007
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42. Reposition von Verrenkungen und Verrenkungsbrüchen der unteren Halswirbelsäule
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U. Lange, Christian Knop, Rene Schmid, R. Rosenberger, M. Reinhold, and Michael Blauth
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Joint Dislocations ,Quadriplegia ,Postoperative Complications ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Child ,Radiculopathy ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Aged ,Neurologic Examination ,Paraplegia ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Fracture Dislocations ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,Cervical spine ,Spinal Injuries ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Emergency Medicine ,Spinal Fractures ,Female ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Traumatic facet dislocations and facet-fracture dislocations in the lower cervical spine (C2/C3 to C7/T1) are frequently associated with devastating neurological symptoms. A good outcome can only be achieved if the operator has wide and sound knowledge of reduction techniques and the best possible strategy is devised for the subsequent treatment of these severe lesions.Between 1973 and 1997 a total of 117 of our patients met at least one of the following inclusion criteria: unilateral locked facet dislocation (48%), bilateral locked facet dislocations (23%), unilateral "perched" facet subluxation (14%), bilateral perched facet subluxation (12%), uni- or bilateral dislocation/perched subluxation with facet fractures (3%).Most of the lesions were located at the levels of C5/C6 and C6/7 (n=46 for each). Associated neurological deficits were present initially in 65% of patients: 35% had complete or incomplete spinal cord injuries (tetraplegia), 2% were paraplegic, and 28% had cervical radiculopathies.Closed reduction (e.g. with the aid of a halo ring) should be carried out as soon as possible after lower cervical spine dislocation or facet-fracture dislocation, as both the success rate of reduction and the potential for recovery from neurological deficits are clearly higher when reduction is achieved within the first 4 h after the initial injury.
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- 2006
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43. Ventrale zervikale Spondylodese mit autologem Beckenspan und Plattenstabilisierung
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Christian Knop, M. Reinhold, R. Rosiek, and Michael Blauth
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Sports medicine ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Follow up studies ,Hand surgery ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Plastic surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal fusion ,Bone plate ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Joint dislocation ,business ,Cervical vertebrae - Published
- 2006
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44. Verletzungen der unteren Halswirbelsäule
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R. Rosiek, C. Knop, M. Reinhold, and M. Blauth
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Published
- 2006
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45. Improved anchorage in osteoporotic vertebrae with new implant designs
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Christian Knop, Berend Linke, Jörg Goldhahn, M. Reinhold, R. Frei, M. Stauber, and Erich Schneider
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Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone Screws ,Osteoporosis ,Lumbar vertebrae ,Lumbar ,Bone Density ,Humans ,Medicine ,Cyclic loading ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Bone mineral ,Orthodontics ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,business.industry ,Prostheses and Implants ,medicine.disease ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Stress, Mechanical ,Implant ,business ,Bone structure - Abstract
The goal of our study was to evaluate two newly developed implant designs and their behavior in terms of subsidence in lumbar vertebral bodies under cyclic loading. The new implants were evaluated in two different configurations (two small prototypes vs. one large prototype with similar load-bearing area) in comparison to a conventional screw-based implant (MACS TL). A pool of 13 spines with a total of 65 vertebrae was used to establish five testing groups of similar bone mineral density (BMD) distribution with eight lumbar vertebrae each. In additional to BMD assessment via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cancellous BMD and structural parameters were determined using a new generation in vivo 3D-pQCT. The specimens were loaded sinusoidally in force control at 1 Hz for 1000 cycles at three load levels (100, 200, and 400 N). A survival analysis using the number of cycles until failure (Cox regression with covariates) was applied to reveal differences between implant groups. All new prototype configurations except the large cylinder survived significantly longer than the control group. The number of cycles until failure was significantly correlated with the structural parameter Tb.Sp. and similarly with the cancellous BMD for three of five implants. In both large prototypes the cycle number until failure significantly correlated with the preoperative distance to the upper endplates. Although the direct relationship between bone structure or density and mechanical breakage behavior cannot be conclusively proven, all the prototypes adapted for poor bone structure performed better than the comparable conventional implant. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
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- 2006
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46. Successful posterior interlaminar fusion at the thoracic spine by sole use of β-tricalcium phosphate
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M. Reinhold, Michael Blauth, F. Canto, I. Sitte, and Christian Knop
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Adult ,Calcium Phosphates ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thoracic spine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biocompatible Materials ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,Biopsy ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Fusion ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Osteoid ,General Medicine ,Sagittal plane ,Surgery ,Spinal Fusion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Injuries ,Spinal fusion ,Orthopedic surgery ,Implant ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business - Abstract
We report on a 43-year-old male who sustained an isolated distraction injury of the thoracic spine Th7/Th8 (AO/ASIF B 2.3) with wedge compression Th8 and sagittal split Th10 without neurological injury. A bisegmental posterior stabilisation and a monosegmental interlaminar fusion was the treatment of choice. A synthetic bone substitute, beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP, Chronos) without additional autogenous bone was used to achieve the monosegmental posterior fusion. The clinical course was favourable and 10 months postoperatively the implant was removed. On implant removal the CT scan showed a fused segment and intraoperatively it was found that the fusion was solidly healed. A biopsy was taken from the fusion mass and histology showed vital bone that was rich with osteocytes. Noncalcified osteoid surrounding the bone marrow cavity could be identified. Several studies and the reported case might indicate that osteoconductive material alone can be sufficient for achieving a solid fusion.
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- 2006
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47. Fixateur interne und Wirbelkörperersatz
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Rene Schmid, Christian Knop, Michael Blauth, and M. Reinhold
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Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emergency Medicine - Abstract
Die Autoren schildern die Grundlagen aktueller Behandlungskonzepte fur die Verletzungen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaule. Unter Bezugnahme auf biomechanische Konzepte und die Klassifikation der Verletzungen werden Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse geschildert, die bis heute erzielt und veroffentlicht wurden. Die Vor- und Nachteile von operativen und nichtoperativen Behandlungskonzepten werden dargestellt. Auserdem schildern die Autoren die verschiedenen Operationsmethoden, die heute zur Anwendung kommen. Erste eigene Ergebnisse mit dem Wirbelkorperersatzimplantat Synex werden vorgestellt.
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- 2005
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48. Spectrum of complications involved in surgical management of spinal injuries: Analysis of two multicenter studies
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Michael Blauth, Rene Schmid, M. Reinhold, and Christian Knop
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Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emergency Medicine - Abstract
Die Operationsmethoden in der Wirbelsaulenchirurgie zeigen mit ihren unterschiedlichen Zugangen, Implantaten und Techniken ein groses, sich standig erweiterndes Spektrum. So erlangten zuletzt minimal-invasive Verfahren mit endoskopischer Technik, die Augmentation mit Knochenzement (Vertebro-/Kyphoplastie) und navigierte Eingriffe an der Wirbelsaule („computer-assisted orthopedic surgery“, CAOS) zunehmende Bedeutung. Fehlerquellen der operativen Versorgung von Wirbelsaulenverletzungen betreffen die Lagerung und geschlossenen Reposition, zugangsbedingte Komplikationen, Fehler bei der Dekompression des Spinalkanals, Komplikationen bei der Instrumentierung bzw. Stabilisierung sowie der operativen Fusion. Der vorliegende Beitrag prasentiert die Daten zweier multizentrischer Erhebungsstudien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Wirbelsaule“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Unfallchirurgie bezuglich der aufgetretenen Komplikationen und vergleicht diese mit den Ergebnissen einer kurzlich publizierten Metaanalyse.
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- 2005
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49. Der Wirbelkörperersatz mit Synex® bei kombinierter dorsoventraler Behandlung thorakolumbaler Verletzungen
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Michael Blauth, U. Lange, M. Reinhold, and Christian Knop
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Treatment outcome ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
Reposition und Stabilisierung von instabilen Wirbelsaulenverletzungen mit dauerhafter Wiederherstellung der physiologischen Krummungsverhaltnisse, Stabilitat und Tragfahigkeit der Wirbelsaule. Instabile Verletzungen und Lasionen der Wirbelsaule von T4 bis L5 mit verminderter Tragfahigkeit der ventralen Saule durch —Wirbelkorperfraktur und Bandscheibenverletzung, —posttraumatische Fehlstellungen, —pathologische Frakturen, —Tumoren. Eingeschrankte Indikationen: —Jungere Patienten mit monosegmentaler Verletzung. —Patienten mit ausgepragter Osteoporose. Schwerwiegende kardiopulmonale Begleitverletzung oder Vorerkrankung als Kontraindikation fur den ventralen Eingriff. Kombinierte dorsoventrale Operation mit 1. dorsaler Reposition und Stabilisierung mit einem Fixateur interne sowie interlaminarer Fusion des verletzten Wirbelsaulenabschnitts mit autogener Spongiosa; 2. thorakoskopischem Wirbelkorper(teil)ersatz zur tragfesten Abstutzung der vorderen Saule mit einem distrahierbaren Wirbelkorperersatzimplantat aus Titan (Synex®) und zusatzliche interkorporelle Fusion mit autogener Spongiosa und/oder β-Tricalciumphosphat. Funktionelle Behandlung und Mobilisation ohne ausere Ruhigstellung. 41 der ersten 50 Patienten, die mit Synex® behandelt wurden, konnten durchschnittlich 19,5 Monate (14–31 Monate) postoperativ nachuntersucht werden. Es handelte sich um 36 frische Frakturen, acht posttraumatische Fehlstellungen, drei Tumoren, zwei veraltete Frakturen und eine Spondylodiszitis. Das Durchschnittsalter der 29 Manner und 21 Frauen betrug 43 Jahre (20–77 Jahre). Synex® wurde bei 30 Patienten bisegmental und bei 20 monosegmental eingesetzt. Bis auf einen Fall wurde weder ein Einsinken noch eine Dislokation des Implantats beobachtet. Zur Nachuntersuchung waren 18/33 der vor der Erstoperation berufstatigen Patienten wieder im alten Beruf tatig, und 32/41 Patienten hatten die vorherigen Freizeitaktivitaten wieder aufgenommen. 32/41 Patienten waren zur Nachuntersuchung beschwerdefrei oder gaben gelegentliche Ruckenschmerzen an. 8/41 Patienten gaben deutliche Ruckenbeschwerden an, ein Patient klagte nach Aufrichtung einer posttraumatischen Fehlstellung uber starke Beschwerden. Vor dem Unfall erreichten die Patienten mit frischer Verletzung im VAS-Wirbelsaulen-Score (0–100 Punkte, visuelle Analogskala, 19 Items) ein durchschnittliches Ergebnis von 83,1 ± 20,2 (21–100). Zur Nachuntersuchung betrug der Score im Mittel 63,8 ± 19,5 (25–99). Der durchschnittliche Scoreverlust lag bei 19,3 ± 22,3. Die rontgenologische Reposition/Aufrichtung bei Patienten mit frischer Verletzung oder posttraumatischer Fehlstellung betrug durchschnittlich 18,6° ± 10° und der Korrekturverlust (Rekyphosierung) 2,1° ± 2,9°.
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- 2005
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50. DEGRO 2004
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T Block, S. Röddiger, H. Fees, P. Feyer, T. Brunner, H. Karle, H. von Specht, M. Schwedas, A. Schmidt, H.-J. Ochel, N. Kröger, K. Müller, R. Waksman, M. Li, R. Sauer, S. Wesarg, A. Van Eck, D. Trog, R. Wilkowski, U. W. Tunn, K. Ikezaki, S. Könemann, L. Acimovic, Wolfgang Hinkelbein, Michael Bremer, E. Dühmke, J. Claßen, J.-I. Kotani, M. Püsken, J. Dudas, B. Pfistner, Christian Grehn, S. Ley, T. Martin, K. Maier-Hauff, A. Hartmann, Martin Weinmann, J. Kutzner, H. Vogel, I. Schmid, W. Lübcke, S. Roth, A. Krystek, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau, L. Freudenberg, J. Dahlke, P. K. Plinkert, Thomas Foitzik, M. Franz, C. Ludwig, O. Schorr, R. Wirtz, J. Klein, K. Krimmel, B. Weigel, A. K. Rustgi, J. Büntzel, W. Stahl, E. Pinnow, M. Graefen, S. Frühauf, K.-J. Buth, P. Reimann, E. A. Lazaridis, J. Lutterbach, C. Schleußner, R. Köster, Matthias Geiger, Beate Timmermann, D. A. Canos, Florian Auer, T. P. Nguyen, R. Anselm, T. M. Behr, Axel Müller, R. Bonnet, K. Leppert, Nicolaus Andratschke, Tilo Wiezorek, N. Prause, M. Tatagiba, M. Busch, N. Banz, M. van Kampen, P.-J. Prott, G. Schlichting, J. Körholz, M. Fritsch, B. Strauß, H. D. Böttcher, K. Schoenekaes, J. Schäfer, Renate Sieber, H. Jürgens, M. Schiebe, D. Milanovic, B. Al-Nawas, T. Beyer, B. Polivka, C. Fink, J. E. Panke, P. M. Messer, R. Kramer, C. F. Hess, D. Eßer, V. Steil, F. Bruns, Reinhard Thamm, R. Kumpf, M. Alber, U. Haverkamp, U. Mende, Christoph Thilmann, M. Bolck, M. W. Groß, Gunther Klautke, A. Zander, Sibylle Stärk, E. Tabbert, H. Taubert, M. Damrau, C. Weining, N. Franz, M. Puderbach, F. Melchert, L. Liu, W. Ito, S. Palkovic, B. Madry-Gevecke, T. Bölling, A. Kaffer, O. Micke, H. Schmidberger, M. Glashörster, A. Günther, S. Püttmann, A. Jordan, U. Claussen, Peter E. Huber, K. Lederer, S. Heiland, M. Niewald, H. Kühl, G. Gademann, Eugen Lang, B. Stieltjes, V. Ehemann, E. Horst, K. Heufelder, D. Fröhlich, S. Sepe, Roger E. Price, R. Bauer, E. Weiss, M. Reinhold, Moshe Schaffer, J.-C. Georgi, A. Dastbaz, Thomas Krieger, P. Hirnle, S. Garbe, D. Küstner, F. Pohl, N. Presselt, C. Voith, V. Meineke, P. Zogal, C. Herskind, S. Liesenfeld, F.-J. Prott, U. Kulka, Thomas Hendrik Knocke, T. Münzel, S. Kusche, Franz Rödel, Christian Ralf Gernhardt, C. Dilcher, Ute Küchenmeister, H. Alfia, N. Willich, D. Stratakis, G. Ramadori, R. Schmid, F. Zimmermann, L. Distel, K.-M. Mueller, V. Diehl, C. Höpfner, Frank Sieker, D. Cengiz, C. Plathow, E. Rolf, E. Schneider, W. Melzner, S.B. Schwarz, D. Sammour, D. Richter, I. Eichwurzel, H. Wassmann, A. L. Huston, B. Dietl, U. Melcher, F. Berthold, B. Kimmig, R. Mager, Richard Pötter, D. Drechsler, A. Lilienthal, A. Schmähl, M. Stuschke, A. Mencl, D. Schwab, H. Mörtel, O. Schneider, K.-W. Sykora, J. Willner, E. Lücke, N. Weidner, K. Hans-Jürgen, Sybille Gutwein, S. Kremp, R. Böhme, M. O. Klein, S. Nill, Hans-Günter Schaller, Matthias W. Beckmann, A. Feussner, M. Miemietz, A. Schmachtenberg, R. Seaborn, R.-P. Müller, Margret Rave-Fränk, A. Block, M. Gotthardt, I. Hacker, Á. Mayer, H.-W. Gottfried, G. Sakas, F. Nüsslin, M. Reinert, Markus Bohrer, H. Schmidt, A. Scheda, B. Dobler, T. Merz, K. Hansemann, K. A. Grötz, Grit Welzel, D. Isik, K. Wagner, P. Marini, C. Schäfer, M. Schrappe, T. Trinh, V. Rudat, M. Kowalski, T. Schneider, Daniela Schulz-Ertner, H. D. Weitmann, M. Henzel, I. Zuna, A. Nolte, Birgit Lang, K. Kian Ang, Thomas Wiegel, G. Seifert, A. Gossmann, D. van Beuningen, R. Wolfram, R. Hofheinz, K. Ludwig, T. Heil, M. Wittlinger, G. Lochhas, M. Houf, Robert Krempien, T. Averbeck, N. M. Blumstein, S. Astner, R. Willers, K.-J. Weber, J. Lorenzen, A. Krüll, U. Hädinger, C. Stoffregen, B. Pollock, S. Weidauer, U. Höller, M. Behe, B. Didinger, J. Gerstein, L. Bauer, S. Schill, M. Roebel, R. Schauer, J. Lamprecht, M. A. Leonardi, Otto A. Sauer, M. Molls, A. Varkonyi, Silke Tribius, U. Schäfer, V. Ghilescu, U. Keller, R. Galalae, E. Weiß, M. Buechler, W. Thiem, W. Winkelmann, S. N. Reske, T. Riedel, C. Int-Veen, Peter Geyer, A. Hunold, Barbara Röper, P. Peschke, M. Becker-Schiebe, I. Schulz, S. Bernhard, J. Fleckenstein, A. Hertel, H. Wördehoff, G. Müller, H. Grundtke, F. Rudolf, C. Böhme, Kurt Baier, R. Ullrich, S. Hesselmann, M. Raub, M. Schmidt, B. Hero, D. Sidow, C. Schöfl, U. Rühl, N. J. Volegova-Neher, C. Pöttgen, Stefan Glocker, Frank W. Hensley, Steven E. Schild, N. Dettmar, A. Quanz, R. Oppenkowski, A. Oettel, I. Seufert, U. Ganswindt, Volker Budach, H. Schoepgens, T. Fink, C. Ostertag, B. Milicic, R. C. Chan, F. Kiessling, J. Diebold, P. Rai, H.-U. Kauczor, H. Hoppe, P. Wolf, K. Litzenberger, M. Kappler, Peter Kneschaurek, Steffi Pigorsch, F. Momm, K. Kaube, Jörg Wiltfang, E. Koscielniak, J. Bohsung, J. Zumbe, K.-H. Grosser, N. Nüse, P. Erichsen, G. Kleinert, Chr. Rübe, P. Lukas, P. Spillner, C. Fehr, P. Benkel, O. Kölbl, N. Cordes, B. Hültenschmidt, Marc Bischof, N. J. Weissman, K. Yang, A. Engling, S. Milker-Zabel, Arndt-Christian Müller, B. Jeremic, D. Sandrock, Gabriele Hänsgen, C. Schul, Jörn Wulf, C. Fauser, M. Reiner, K. Dederer, M. Thelen, B. Grzyska, C. Evers, S. Daeuber, V. Platz, D. Riesenbeck, M. Erren, H. Zieher, W. Zeller, R. Bahrehmand, L. Wisser, K. Hoeffken, S. Kalb, M. Flentje, B. Greve, Claudia Waldhäusl, Fabian Fehlauer, Alessandra Siegmann, H. Czempiel, H. Stattaus, F. O’Tio, Vratislav Strnad, S. Frick, R. Kurek, E. Koepcke, R. Jäger, E. Severin, K. Krause, K. Pinsker, A.-R. Fischedick, P. Bach, S. Steinvorth, J. Blumberg, A. Stoßberg, Jörg Licher, S. X. Cavanaugh, R. Skripnitchenko, B. Mbarek, J. L. Martinez, V. van Lengen, Gabriele Beckmann, H. Saleske, E. Susanne, Christian Rübe, S. Mose, D. Rades, C. Scholz, P. Kupelian, T. W. Kaulich, M. Thoma, M. Stahl, A. Naszaly, M. R. Veldwijk, G. Radosavljevic-Asic, J. Schröder, Frank-Michael Köhn, L. Malaimare, Mathias Walke, K. Fischedick, M. Schmuecking, Gudrun Goitein, D. Hornung, T. Zabelina, N. Jirsak, K. Wolf, B. Schick, Mirko Nitsche, C. Pambor, K. Bajor, Isabell Braun, N. Czech, A. Sak, B. Hornig, Eric J. Bernhard, J. Meier zu Eissen, Michael Lotter, W. Hoffmann, L. Edler, Holger Hof, J. Lambert, M. Henke, C. Baum, B. Justus, W. Eyrich, I. Grießbach, T. Liehr, M. Wannenmacher, Peter Kessler, Klaus Eberlein, J. Dunst, A. E. Trappe, L. Hoffmann, S. Gruber, K. Mathias, S. Fruehauf, J. Hammer, J. H. Karstens, Erwin M. Röttinger, R. Schneider, G. Rothe, S. Milisavljevic, B. Pöllinger, H. Christiansen, A. Heinecke, Stefan Welz, B. Saile, W. Mühlnickel, M. Cartes, Rolf Kreienberg, M. Niemeyer, Claus Belka, T. Meyer, A. Nikoghosyan, Birgit Siekmeyer, K. Neubauer-Saile, Toralf Reimer, F. Bartel, M. Scheithauer, T. Osterham, Marc W. Münter, B. Theophil, N. Köhler, B. Krenkel, B. Hermann, M. Romano, T. Hölscher, T. Christian, M.-L. Sautter-Bihl, A. Bakai, K. Steckler, Franz Schwab, O. Bundschuh, S. Staar, G. Maurer, Johanna Gellermann, M. K. Körner, V. Hamelmann, T. Wenk, Jussi Moog, V. Heyl, S. Riedl, K. Lipson, T. Hehr, B. Röhrig, I. Schlöcker, I. Wildfang, H. Feldmann, D. Jürgen, A. Van Oosterhut, D. Vordermark, W. Schlegel, A. Kolkmeyer, R. Holy, N. Fridtjof, M. J. Eble, M. Pinkawa, S. Levegrün, P. Schneider, J. Debus, A. M. Frank, Andreas Engert, M. Bamberg, Reinhard Wurm, D. Treutler, M. Michaelis, Hans-Theodor Eich, I. Brecht, P. Gong, U. Keilholz, Martin Kocher, H. Salz, Oliver Koelbl, A. Schuchert, M. Osvath, H. Petrat, B. Asadpour, M. Birkner, B. Henzel, O. Hamid, Michael Baumann, G. Sigingan-Tek, B. Robrandt, B. Gerber, Ulf Lamprecht, J. Treuner, C. G. Rahl, G. Jakse, Roland Felix, N. Zöller, W. Krüger, F. Lohr, S.-K. Mai, C. Reddy, V. M. Shah, T. Olschewski, Wolfgang Harms, Martin Fuss, K. Markert, A. Kuechler, F. S. Schreiber, K.-H. Kloetzer, Jan Palm, F. Jänicke, R. Scholz, Y. Nour, W. Mohr, R. Exeler, D. Strauß, U. Oppitz, A. Kuhlmey, A. Schuck, K. Lang, A. Hille, A. Dani, R. Wehrmann, A. Hochhaus, L. Piasswilm, C. Winkler, B. van Oorschot, F.-W. Keffel, K. Jung, H. Gumprecht, R. Henschler, S. Swiderski, N. Waldöfner, Thilo Dörk, J. Thale, I. Griessbach, Dirk Bottke, F. Heinze, S. Roeddiger, S. Laufs, Detlef Imhoff, H. Annweiler, C. Verfaillie, M. Knips, R. Baumann, P. Barwig, P. Ketterer, B. Hentschel, Christiane Berns, M. Keller, B. Forthuber, G. S. Mintz, Martina Treiber, C. Moustakis, W. Huhnt, W. Oehler, U. Maurer, Juergen Wolf, H. Alheit, B. Kober, Guido Hildebrandt, R. Guttenberger, H. Vorwerk, Peter Vacha, N. Zamboglou, H. Job, O. Pradier, R. M. Huber, C. Pfaffendorf, Jürgen Füller, K. Engel, J. Zurheide, Artur Mayerhofer, D. Hahm, C. Nieder, U. Löhrs, J. Leonhardi, H. Thurmann, F. Willeke, D. Köppen, T. Dannenberg, G. Matschuck, E. Blank, B. von Gerstenberg-Helldorf, C. Seidel, H. Borchers, H. Lemnitzer, Rainer Souchon, A. Siefert, G. Strasssmann, K. Huppers, C. Schaal, H. Frommhold, W. Hosch, S. Theden, T. Wilhelm, U. Spahn, S. Höcht, Robert Semrau, J. Schultze, I. von Schorlemer, N. Riefenstahl, W. Reuschel, A.-M. Bentia, U. Glowalla, U. Schalldach, Verena Jendrossek, Amira Bajrovic, M. Schmücking, S.-W. Rha, B. Neu, M. Kuhlen, Markus Buchgeister, D. Treutier, T. Körschgen, Susanne Oertel, A. Schlieck, F. Schroeder, F. Paulsen, B. Knutzen, K. Kisters, F. van Valen, S. Tippelt, R. Pakala, J. Beck, Anca-Ligia Grosu, J. Hayen, Klaus Bratengeier, U. Militz, Raymonde Busch, S. Pachmann, M. Bache, M. Seebass, C. G. Blumstein, D. Lorenz, A. Johne, B. Kaminski, S. Neubauer, P. Zahn, Wolfgang A. Weber, M. Tine, M. Herbst, K. Junker, Thomas G. Wendt, Johannes Classen, C. Bilecen, S. Appold, P. Fritz, H. Koltze, M. Piroth, H. Molina, A. Zabel, C. B. Lumenta, B. Müller, Susanne Sehlen, Y. Kaplan, K. Brüchner, J. Güttler, S. Kunze, B. Schwald, C. Born, Rudolf Schwarz, E. Östreicher, G. Guenther, G. Friedel, Amir Abdollahi, Kathleen Grüschow, M. Glatzel, M. Richter, H. G. Strauß, Thomas Kuhnt, Klaus Herfarth, M. Guckenberger, K. Theodorou, A. Szasz, H. Schmitz, U. Kraus-Tiefenbacher, W. Budach, A. Winzer, Sabine Semrau, A. Mondry, M. Munnes, Peter Wust, W. Alberti, C. P. Schneider, G. Adam, S. Grehl, Stephen M. Hahn, B. Aydeniz, B. J. Salter, D. Wolff, P. Csere, P. Patonay, Robert Michael Hermann, S. Bäsecke, U. Koch, L. Schlenger, M. Rogger, T. Meinertz, R. Berndt-Skorka, V. Heinemann, Dieter Oetzel, Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam, H. Seibert, B. Rogge, C. Kappas, Anthony Lomax, Hans Geinitz, B. Sommer, K. Lehmann, A. Martin, I. Wolf, Rita Engenhart-Cabillic, C. Baumbach, G. G. Grabenbauer, Johannes Ring, K. Thompson, T. Wendt, S. Ahrens, C. Liebscher, G. Schaal, S. Steinkirchner, G. Horstmann, B. Wahlers, Ernst Klar, T. Loch, G. Assmann, W. G. McKenna, A. Mattke, S. Knaack, U. Ramm, P. Schüller, T. Gorbatov, D. Hellinga, W. Wagner, Hilbert Blank, W. Kleen, K. Janke, T. Welzel, W. Arnold, K. Fleckenstein, U. Gneveckow, K. Xydis, I. Haas, G. Stüben, B. Gagel, B. Wörmann, M. Ibrahim, A. Warszawski, A. Niesen, B. Elo, H. Kabisch, K. Meyer, Claus Rödel, H. Göbel, C. Weiß, U. Pinkert, N. Licht, Rainer Fietkau, Th. Herrmann, S. Bartelt, D. Lehmann, O. Baumgart, D. Jacob-Heutmann, P. Treusacher, H. Hollenhorst, J. Ficker, D. Baltas, C. Weber, B. Prümer, V. Kanellopoulos-Niemeyer, H. Jung, T. Hoelscher, Thomas Papadopoulos, M. Sure, O. Ott, H. Huland, Cordelia Hoinkis, F. Wenz, B. Bürger, H.-J. Kraus, Klaus-Josef Weber, M. Todorovic, F. Indenkämpen, J. Licner, Astrid Katzer, D. Lubgan, K.-H. Link, E. Liebermeister, B. Michaelis, G. Matnjani, M. Heintz, F. Guntrum, A. Grüneisen, A. Krauß, J. Schulte-Mönting, P. Achanta, Stephanie E. Combs, E. John, R. P. Baum, J. Haferanke, R. Feierabend, M. H. Seegenschmiedt, B. Rhein, M. Kolb, W. Spengler, A. Meyer, U. Niewöhner-Desbordes, A. Buchali, R. Mücke, K. Hamm, S. B. Müller, M. Kunkel, and K. Schönekaes
- Subjects
Gynecology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging - Published
- 2004
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