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Introduction Left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume (PV) loops provide gold-standard physiological information but require invasive measurements of ventricular intracavity pressure, limiting clinical and research applications. Recent development has seen the introduction of non-invasively computed PV loops from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) volumetry and a brachial blood pressure measurement. The approach combines LV volumes with a time-varying elastance function to compute time-resolved LV pressures and was validated on invasive pressure data from a porcine model. The method is readily implemented using standard CMR sequences and provides measures of hemodynamic parameters including stroke work, myocardial efficiency, and contractile state. However, the method remains to be validated in patients using invasive left ventricular pressure recordings. Purpose To validate for the first time in human patients the performance of non-invasively computed PV loops against invasive measures. Methods Four heart failure patients underwent two subsequent sessions of CMR cine imaging and simultaneous brachial blood pressure measurement, with intravenous administration of two different vasoactive drugs, resulting in two different haemodynamic states for each patient. LV catheterization was then conducted with repeat administration of the same infusions. Pressure-volume loops were computed from CMR volumes combined with 1) a time-varying elastance function scaled to brachial blood pressure and temporally stretched to match volume data, and 2) invasive pressures averaged from multiple sampled beats. Method comparison was conducted using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Results Figure 1 shows non-invasively derived PV loop parameters compared to invasive data. The non-invasive method demonstrated strong correlations and low bias for stroke work (R2=0.97, bias 4.6%, p Conclusions Pressure-volume loops can be precisely and accurately computed from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and brachial cuff blood pressure in humans, and is ready for use in research applications. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swedish Heart Lung Foundation

Although flood hit the entire part of Chennai, Tamil nadu some three years ago, the quality of water is still found to be worse because of major inundation in these areas. The current inspection deals with the physico-chemical analysis of the ground water samples collected from ten locations in Neelangarai and Triplicane area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and assessed using Heber Water Quality Index (HWQI) in the post tsunami circumstances. The factors examined were pH, fecal coliform, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and turbidity. In addition to these parameters, pointers like electrical conductivity and salinity were also taken into consideration. The over all HWQI outcomes for all the trials in Neelangarai area were determined between 65.02 and 72.25 and Triplicane area was 66.64 - 70.71, which suggest that all the samples are medium to good in quality and could used for human consumption.

Soil quality plays an important role in the assessment of sustainable land-use systems. Assessment of soil quality will always help farmers to apply correct fertilisers in correct proportions to th...

This manuscript concerns about decision-analysis employing TOPSIS, member of the MCDA procedures (MCDA-Multi-Criteria Decision-Analysis), that are initiated by Yoon furthermore Hwang in 1981 beside certain innovations by Yoon(1987) Hwang, Lai along with Liu (1993). It constitutes objective established procedure for determining the option that is very nearest to the optimum one. Using this procedure, choices are ranked in reference to the ideal one. Ideal outcome is a solution that is ideal from any aspect that doesn’t exist practically, tries to imprecise the method. Generally, for determining the correlation of a choice to nonoptimal and optimal level, considering the extent of the substitute upon ideal with other feasible one. This manuscript indicates the utilization of above said procedure in decision-analysis in image fusion arena. The manuscript includes: I.Introduction, II. Procedure of TOPSIS, III. Applied in Image Fusion Arena, IV. Ranking Inconsistency, V.Strengths, Weakness and Limitations, VI.Conclusion, References.

Humans are truly adept at perceiving countenances and complex examples. The investigation on perceiving human appearances with a framework is done through image processing. Image processing is any type of sign handling for which the information is a image., For example, a photo or video outline and the yield of image handling might be either a image or a lot of attributes or boundaries are identified with the image. Numerous explorations are done in the field of image handling yet at the same time there are objectives to be reached. Most of the image processing strategies, where the image is considered as a two-dimensional sign and standard sign handling procedures are applied to it. Face, an essential characteristic that recognizes one subject from another, should be perceived commonly and regularly in current PC vision and mixed media utilizations. This includes, some notable identification of face models should be resent upon mobiles or else shrewd surveillance cameras to address this present reality necessities that intend to recognize low-goal faces along with incredibly minimum processing expense together with storage impression. Toward this end, it is important to investigate a possible arrangement can directly address a crucial test in recognize faces. These face identification frameworks are one such fields, where the processing of image is utilized. A powerful Face recognition strategy can be accomplished by making a framework that could perceive faces from an image or a video scene and analyzes it over the images in the information base.

Selecting a method is a multi-criteria decision-making issue which includes both qualitative and quantitative aspects. In order to choose the best method or a solution,, it is necessary to make a transition between both visible and invisible aspects. The focus of this work is to expand a methodology to evaluate the best method based on Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In this manuscript, by ‘method’ is meant an algorithm. The relevant criteria which affect the process of algorithmic selection are the image, the sensors, and the resources, and the available alternatives are discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based image fusion, principal component analysis (PCA)-based image fusion, intensity hue saturation (IHS)-based image fusion, and Laplacian-based image fusion. The assessments of each criterion are calculated using pairwise comparisons based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and inserted to the TOPSIS method to rank the alternatives. The process of selecting the alternative and the drawback of an algorithm (AHP, TOPSIS) is demonstrated with the help of numerical example. This manuscript comprises the following section headings: Introduction, Concept of TOPSIS and AHP, Hybrid Method, A Numerical Example, Computation of TOPSIS, Occurrence of Rank Reversal, Conclusion, and References.

Face recognition methodology (human face) have made many improvements in the emerging world have made many face identification is a technic of detecting a face through a technicality. It likens the image with a dataset of known images to encounter a match. Face identification authenticates personal identity, as well as raising secrecy challenges. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used extensively in facial processing of images. Back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs) are mainly used for classification of facial images and also it achieves high accuracy. Nevertheless, there is a variation due to different neural designs and implementations. Accordingly, investigators usually need to do several observational trials before they can finalize the neural network design, but this is a slow process which considerably mitigates the efficiency of using the above-said method (BPNN) and the final pattern still not be quintessential. Despite the precision of image identification system is a biometric mechanism is lower than iris or fingerprint identification, it is commonly accepted its noncontact procedures. Newly, it had also been made widespread as a commercial and a business tool. As a result, there are certain guidelines for a valid design and operationalization of BPNNs. This work endeavours to find and abbreviate certain guidelines recommended by various researchers through specialized literature and observations. To contribute academicians with history and framework, somewhat ANN basics are also initiated.

Human Face recognition algorithms have made huge progress in the last decade. In this manuscript, we have presented an approach for the implementation of a face recognition system in a successful manner by varying pose, scale, lighting, and age variation. The different empirical analysis was performed with various datasets for face detection and face identification. Face identification system detects efficiently segments and recognizes face in a cluttered sequence under varying pose, lighting and age variations. From this experimental analysis morphological model outperformed k-NNC, NMC based closest mean classifier and informative knowledge distillation with fairly reasonable accuracy. Three proposed methods on the basis of an efficient way of handling the face recognition problems. The morphological method outperformed well when compared with k-NNC, NMC based closest mean classifier a proposed method, and another innovative method named Informative knowledge Distillation. The morphological method is suitable for large datasets where occlusion, pose variation, age variations, and different expression of images.

Based on a neuro evolutionary algorithm, this study proposes a neural network model for efficient crop price prediction. When viewed from the perspective of agricultural business, the market price of corn reflects its current demand. For agricultural management, to improve profits, it is important to track and predict the market price. In this manuscript, a neural network model based on the output prediction of a neuro evolutionary algorithm is used to predict the price of the crop and compared with the existing Naive Bayes algorithm. By recognizing patterns in our training dataset, which serves as one of the inputs to the algorithm, we are able to determine the price of the crop. The parameters (Yield, Rainfall, Minimum Support Price, and Maximum Trade ) are fed to the algorithm by the user. It is compared with existing algorithms to determine the performance of the proposed algorithm. The features considered for the analysis are Climate, historical costs, location, demand indicators, and crop health are the variables used for predicting future corn crop cost. According to the empirical analysis, the proposed model is significantly more accurate in predicting crop prices.

In order to improve the yield of any crop, it is absolutely essential to carry out soil testing periodically. This will not only improve the procurement but also will provide eco-friendly ambience. Testing all soil quality parameters will be a laborious and time-consuming process. To overcome this problem, soli quality index can be of immense help. Unlike many water quality indices available, only a very few soil quality indices are in existence. Newly developed soil quality index called Heber soil quality index (HSQI) is widely used to identify and differentiate the various types of soils. The HSQI values of all samples were found to be in the range of 72.36 – 83.83 divulging a fact that the nature of soils inspected in this examination is good for the plantation of sugarcane and rice. The index was found to be time saving and cost-effective method of assessing the fertile nature of the soil for the effective farming of sugarcane and rice. Soil quality assessment in the light of HSQI is proposed to offer a better perceptive of the soil property measures to be taken to improve the quality of soil system for the better yield of any crop including sugarcane and rice.

From the extensive literature survey, it is understood that only a few soil quality indices have been formulated to check the quality of soil systems which is suitable for the cultivation of rice and sugarcane. The present work assesses the quality of the soil samples collected from 15 places of Thanjavur and Tiruvarur districts, Tamil Nadu, India. Soil samples were assessed according to the Heber soil quality index (HSQI) for the following 12 parameters: available nitrogen (kg/ha), pH, water holding capacity (%), available phosphorous (kg/ha), texture, available potassium (kg/ha), organic matter (%), bacterial content (SPC/g), electrical conductance (mmho/cm), chloride (mg/L), total hardness (mg/L), and bulk density (g/m3). Each parameter was subjected to statistical Q test analysis. The information such as the test result, weighting factor, and the Q value were used to formulate the soil quality index based on HSQI. The total HSQI values of all the samples investigated in this study ranged from 72.75 to 85.72, which indicates that these soil samples are of good quality. This work will be highly useful and may result in better farm management through more cost-effective nutrient decisions.

Introduction Traditional risk assessment tools classify the majority of women at low risk despite cardiovascular disease remaining the leading cause of death in women. Additionally conventional stress testing techniques have poor predictive value in women, due to unique pathophysiological mechanisms causing ischaemia in women, and the lower prevalence of obstructive CAD. The study sought to evaluate the role of adjuvant carotid ultrasound (CU) in women attending for stress echocardiography (SE). Methods and results 415 women (Mean age 62±10 years, 28% Diabetes Mellitus, Mean BMI 28) attending for SE prospectively underwent CU, to assess Carotid Intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence of plaque. 47 women (11%) had inducible wall motion abnormalities, and carotid disease (CD) was present in 46% (Carotid plaque in 41%, 15% CIMT >75th percentile). Women with CD were older (65 vs 58 years, p The positive predictive value of SE for flow-limiting CAD was 51%, but the presence of carotid plaque improved this to 71% (p70% angiographic. Conclusion CU significantly improves the accuracy of SE alone for identifying flow-limiting disease on coronary angiography. Non-invasive assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis using CU offers an individualized disease-guided approach in women, where conventional scoring systems offer modest risk stratification.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different chemicals on improved sprouting of sugarcane bud chips. The study consisted of nine treatments (T1 - Untreated check, T2 - Foliar spray of 1%Urea in 15 th and 25 th day after planting, T3 - Foliar spray of marco and micronutrients solution weekly twice from 10th DAP to 25th DAP, T4 - Soaking of bud chips in 10% Seaweed extract for 2 hrs, T5 - T3+ Soaking of bud chips in 0.01% Ethrel for 2 hrs, T6 - T3+ Soaking of bud chips in 0.01% Ethrel and 0.1% Calcium chloride for 2 hrs, T7 - Soaking of bud chips in 20% Seaweed extract for 2 hrs, T8 - Soaking of bud chips in 0.01% Ethrel for 2 hrs, T9 - T3+ Soaking of bud chips in 0.1% Calcium chloride for 2 hrs). In this study, CoC 24 variety was selected and three replications laid out in randomized block design. Significant variation in morphophysiological characters viz., survival percentage, leaf area, seedling vigour index, shoot length and root length was observed with different chemical treatments. Application of foliar spray of micro and macronutrient solution in weekly twice to each portray seedlings from 10th DAP to 25th DAP + soaking of bud chips in 0.01% etherl and 0.1% calcium chloride for 2 hrs registered significantly maximum mean values of growth parameters in plant and ratoon crop viz., tiller population, millable cane, cane length, cane girth, single cane weight and number of nodes. The same treatment significantly registered the maximum cane yield and sugar yield.

The consumption of banking applications are more and popular on Android devices but it is not secure. To make secure on those confidential application such as banking, business application and personal data, password is provided to enhance privacy. Nowadays those passwords are easily usurped by hackers through shoulder side attacks or observing videos. To overcome from this inconveniences of accessing the account in public places, the proposed idea is to make smart way to authenticate the user bank account through the pictorial password and by injecting the indirect pin to the system. To predict the original password, temporary login indicator is used while accounting to login. The Existing paper does not safeguard the user's account from hackers, when the password is misused. The forget password module and banking service module is added which could be innovative and an effective idea to authenticate the proposed system. By implementing the above proposed idea, data and information on devices are maintained confidentially.

We present the results of our initial experience in the use of non-penetrating titanium clips in the closure of spinal dura. A retrospective analysis of case notes of patients identified from the unit database was carried out, limited to adults. A proforma that included demographic details, the diagnosis, the procedure undertaken, whether or not additional dural closure methods were used, the use of bed rest and any complications, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. There were 58 patients with a mean age of 53 years. The commonest diagnoses were meningioma, ependymoma and neurofibroma. Eight patients had additional methods of dural closure used and approximately half the patients had a period of postoperative bed rest. Eight patients (13.7%) had a CSF leak. Our early experience with the use of non-penetrating clips for the closure of the spinal dura is presented. We have found them easy to use, especially in anatomically-restricted spaces and rapid in their application. However, our results have revealed an unexpectedly high complication rate. A further prospective study to evaluate them more fully is planned.

Genetic variability and diversity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) was studied with 104 germplasm accessions of different origin. Analysis of variance indicated significant variances among the accessions for all the characters studied. The maximum variation was recorded for number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf length and breadth, panicle length, leaf weight, stem weight, leaf stem ratio, green fodder yield, crude protein content and grain yield indicates the possibilities of improving these characters through phenotypic selection for the development of dual purpose cultivars (grain cum fodder yield). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance of percentage of mean was observed for all characters except days to 50% flowering suggesting that these traits are governed by additive gene action and possibility of improving these characters through selection. Based on the D2 analysis all the accessions were grouped into twelve clusters. Cluster I retain the maximum accessions of 82 and nine clusters retained only one accession each. The intra cluster distance ranged from 0.00 to 6.71 and the inter cluster distance was recorded highest between cluster XI and cluster XII. Cluster XII exhibited maximum mean value for five characters. Based on the relative contribution, plant height contributed more towards genetic divergence.

Six lines (IS 1003, IS 3504, IS 3541, IS 6354, CO 27 and CO 28) and four testers (IS 0030, AKSS 5, GSSV 1 and TNS 52) were crossed in line x tester design to produce 24 hybrid combinations. These hybrids along with their ten parents were grown in a randomized block design with three replications. The samples for estimation of hydrocyanic acid content were taken 32 days after sowing. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences for HCN content in all the genotypes. It also clearly shown that, the specific combining ability (SCA) variance for HCN content was higher than general combining ability (GCA) variance indicating the trait is controlled by non additive gene action. The parents IS 3541, CO 27 and IS 0030 were found to be the best ones based on GCA effects and the hybrids IS 1003 x TNS 52, IS 6354 x IS 0030 and IS 3541 x TNS 52 were found to have maximum negative SCA effects for HCN content. Heterosis breeding, recurrent selection and other population improvement procedures were suggested for getting varieties with reduced HCN contents.

Fifty five accessions from ICRISAT with different geographical origins were grown at Department of Forage Crops, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu during June, 2002 in a randomized complete block design with two replications in order to assess the genetic diversity. Five randomly selected plants from each accession were used to record observation on days to 50 percent flowering, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, number of leaves, leaf/stem ratio, Stover yield, grain yield per plant and total soluble solids. Genetic diversity was studied using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics and clustering of accessions was done according to Tocher’s method. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the accessions for all the characters studied. The clustering pattern revealed that genetic diversity was not necessarily correlated with geographical origins. Stover yield made the largest contribution to total variability (48.82 percent) followed by total soluble solids (19.53 percent) and days to 50 percent flowering (10.98 percent). Multivariate analysis grouped the accessions in to 21 clusters. Cluster II and V were the largest and consisted of 10 accessions each followed by cluster I (8 accessions) and cluster IV (5 accessions). The largest inter cluster distance were observed between cluster XII and XVIII (73.73) followed by VI and XVIII (71.67) indicating that the crosses between accessions of these different clusters could give heterotic responses and better segregants after hybridization.

A diallel set of 11 pearl millet genotypes was made to evaluate General Combining Ability (GCA) effects of parents and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects of cross combinations. The analysis of variance of diallel progenies exhibited significant genotypic differences. Different analyses, i.e., combining ability analysis and genetic component analysis, showed that both additive and non additive gene effect were significant. Four parents had negative GCA estimates. Crosses with low SCA effects were also identified and their further use in breeding programme has been suggested.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp) is commercially cultivated in Tamil Nadu for industrial purposes. Germplasm of this crop is mainly conserved in the form of clonal gene bank. For long term conservation of vegetatively propagated crops, cryo-preservation offers a promising approach which could be realized through a reliable and genotype independent tissue culture system. In the present study, two sugarcane genotypes namely Co 86032 and TN SC Si 7 were evaluated for their in vitro regeneration response through optimization of various factors influencing organogenesis. The results indicated that shoot apices explants inoculated on medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l BAP + 5.0 mg/l kinetin + 0.05 mg/l NAA recorded highest shoot induction frequencies of 92.2% and 84.4% for Co 86032 and TN SC Si 7 respectively. On an average, 6 to 8 shoots were formed per explant. After 60 days of culture, single shoots were separated from the multiple shoots and transferred to the rooting medium. Among the different media tested, highest regeneration frequencies of 63.3% (Co 86032) and 56.6% (TN Sc Si 7) were found on medium supplemented with 5 mg/l NAA. Thus, a simple and genotype independent in vitro regeneration system was developed which could be well adopted for conservation of sugarcane germplasm in the cryo gene bank.

Increasingly, Onyx is used for endovascular embolization of aneurysms and arterio-venous malformations. Although reports in the literature on the use of Onyx are favourable, there have been so far no reports on the central nervous system (CNS) infection rate after embolisation with Onyx and no recommendations as to the management of these infections. We present two cases of paediatric patients who acquired CNS infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Onyx embolisation of AVMs and describe their subsequent management. Presence of established infection after Onyx embolisation should be dealt with by removal of infected material, administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive treatment.

We present dramatic images of a lumbo-peritoneal (LP) shunt that has migrated into the posterior fossa. We discuss its successful revision, and review previous reports of LP shunt migration.

Data mining (DM) has almost become an essential tool in this digital era. Research into developing novel methodologies to mining the ever-growing data and applying them to analysing a wide range of issues has never been so vigorous. DM applications including that of business intelligence attest remarkable success. This paper elaborates upon such a DM experience on how macro economic digital data from multiple sources could be mined to discover interesting developments in the regional and global dynamics of an emerging East Asian Community (EAC). Following a brief introduction to the former Malaysian Prime Minster Mahathir Mohamed's initiatives to form an EAC, the World Bank and ASEAN Financial Macroeconomic Surveillance Unit data are analysed to see how the numbers stack up. The application gives an example of how the needs of a modern society, to model regional and global dynamics of nations of interest could be met using DM techniques and digital data.

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