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1. THE EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER EXPERIMENT KASCADE-GRANDE

Author: R. Engel, H. J. Mathes, M. Finger, Wolfgang Walkowiak, H.J. Mayer, J. Blümer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Haungs, T. Pierog, Y. Kolotaev, B. Mitrica, S. Over, C. Grupen, J. Zabierowski, Markus Roth, Piera Luisa Ghia, F. Di Pierro, S. Nehls, D. Fuhrmann, F. Cossavella, J. Engler, H. Ulrich, Frank G. Schröder, H. Bozdog, J.C. Arteaga, J. Wochele, C. Morello, P. Łuczak, J. van Buren, M. E. Bertaina, J. Oehlschläger, D. Heck, J. Milke, Paula Gina Isar, F. Badea, K. Bekk, G.C. Trinchero, H. Rebel, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, H.J. Gils, G. Schatz, D. Kickelbick, R. Glasstetter, V. de Souza, Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, G. Navarra, Donghwa Kang, H.O. Klages, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, M. Stümpert, A. Weindl, E. Cantoni, G. Toma, S. Ostapchenko, W. D. Apel, K. H. Kampert, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, and P. Doll
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Muon, Air shower, KASCADE, Calorimeter (particle physics), Scintillation counter, Detector, Cosmic ray, Scintillator
Abstract: The extensive air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector and Grande array) is located on site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany. The original KASCADE experiment consisted of a densely packed scintillator array with unshielded and shielded detectors for the measurement of the electromagnetic and muonic shower component independently, as well as muon tracking devices and a hadron calorimeter. The Grande array as an extension of KASCADE consists of 37 scintillation detector stations covering an area of 700×700 m2. The main goal for the combined measurements of KASCADE and Grande is the investigation of the energy spectrum and composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range of 1016 to 1018 eV. In this paper an overview of the KASCADE-Grande experiment and recent results will be presented.
Published: 2011
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2. Muon Production Height investigated by the Air-Shower Experiment KASCADE-Grande

Author: T. Pierog, Frank G. Schröder, J.C. Arteaga, M. E. Bertaina, H. Blümer, J. Wochele, J. Milke, F. Badea, G. Toma, Piera Luisa Ghia, E. Cantoni, Octavian Sima, H. Rebel, Markus Roth, S. Nehls, C. Grupen, J. Engler, D. Heck, K. Bekk, J. Oehlschläger, Peter Buchholz, Paula Gina Isar, M. Stümpert, H. Schieler, I.M. Brancus, Wolfgang Walkowiak, B. Mitrica, Kai Daumiller, P. Łuczak, P. Doll, H.J. Mayer, A. Weindl, Andrea Chiavassa, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, W. D. Apel, T. Huege, R. Engel, Y. Kolotaev, S. Ostapchenko, A. Haungs, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, D. Kickelbick, H. Bozdog, V. de Souza, J. Zabierowski, D. Kang, H. Ulrich, R. Glasstetter, H.O. Klages, G.C. Trinchero, G. Navarra, M. Finger, S. Over, M. Petcu, K. H. Kampert, D. Fuhrmann, J. van Buren, M. Brüggemann, F. Cossavella, H.J. Gils, and H. J. Mathes
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Track (disk drive), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, Electromagnetic shielding, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A large area (128m2) Muon Tracking Detector (MTD), located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons ( E μ > 0.8 GeV ) and their directions in extensive air showers by track measurements under more than 18 r.l. shielding. The orientation of the muon track with respect to the shower axis is expressed in terms of the radial- and tangential angles. By means of triangulation the muon production height H μ is determined. By means of H μ , a transition from light to heavy cosmic ray primary particles with increasing shower energy E o from 1–10 PeV is observed.
Published: 2009
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3. The Air-Shower Experiment KASCADE-Grande

Author: G. Toma, M. Finger, Kai Daumiller, Wolfgang Walkowiak, F. Badea, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Cossavella, M. Petcu, D. Kickelbick, H.J. Mayer, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, Andrea Chiavassa, V. de Souza, R. Engel, E. Cantoni, G.C. Trinchero, S. Ostapchenko, T. Huege, S. Over, Frank G. Schröder, M. E. Bertaina, D. Fuhrmann, J.C. Arteaga, H. Schieler, M. Stümpert, Karl-Heinz Kampert, D. Kang, A. Weindl, H. Bozdog, H.J. Gils, M. Brüggemann, J. Milke, Peter Buchholz, P. Łuczak, I.M. Brancus, P. Doll, H.O. Klages, J. Blümer, C. Grupen, W. D. Apel, G. Navarra, H. J. Mathes, K. Bekk, Andreas Haungs, T. Pierog, J. Zabierowski, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, Paula Gina Isar, H. Rebel, R. Glasstetter, Markus Roth, J. Engler, M. Wommer, Y. Kolotaev, J. Oehlschläger, B. Mitrica, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, and D. Heck
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, law, Shielded cable, Energy spectrum
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower experiment at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. Main parts of the experiment are the Grande array spread over an area of 700 × 700 m 2 , the original KASCADE array covering 200 × 200 m 2 with unshielded and shielded detectors, and additional muon tracking devices. This multi-detector system allows to investigate the energy spectrum, composition, and anisotropies of cosmic rays in the energy range up to 1 EeV. An overview on the performance of the apparatus and first results will be given.
Published: 2009
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4. Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with KASCADE air shower data

Author: J.R. Hörandel, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Air shower, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Parameter space, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: The description of high-energy hadronic interactions plays an important role in the (astrophysical) interpretation of air shower data. The parameter space important for the development of air showers (energy and kinematical range) extends well beyond todays accelerator capabilities. Therefore, accurate measurements of air showers are used to constrain modern models to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. The results obtained are complementary to information gained at accelerators and add to our understanding of high-energy hadronic interactions.
Published: 2009
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5. Analysis of inclined showers measured with LOPES

Author: A. Saftoiu, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Amplitude, Air shower, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, KASCADE, Antenna (radio), business, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Instrumentation
Abstract: In the present study, we analyze the radio signal from inclined air showers recorded by LOPES-30 in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. LOPES-30 consists of 30 East–West oriented digital antennas, which are amplitude calibrated by an external source. Radio emission from air showers is considered a geomagnetic effect. Inclined events provide a larger range of values for geomagnetic angle (angle between shower axis and geomagnetic field direction) than vertical showers and thus more information on the emission processes can be gathered. In order to have the geometry of the air shower we use the reconstruction provided by the KASCADE-Grande particle detectors array. Analyzing events observed by both LOPES and the extended part of the KASCADE array, Grande, gives the possibility to test in particular the capability and efficiency of radio detection of more distant events. The results are compared with a previous analysis of inclined events recorded by the initial 10 antenna set-up, LOPES-10, in coincidence with the Grande array.
Published: 2009
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6. Recent Results from KASCADE-Grande and LOPES

Author: K.-H. Kampert, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, M. Ender, R. Engel, J. Engler, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, M. Melissas, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, LOPES, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, KASCADE, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air-shower experiment located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. Main parts of the experiment are the Grande array spread over an area of 700 × 700 m 2 , the original KASCADE array covering 200 × 200 m 2 with unshielded and shielded detectors, and additional muon tracking devices. This multi-detector system allows to investigate the energy spectrum, composition, and anisotropies of cosmic rays in the energy range up to 1 EeV. LOPES is co-located at the same site to measure radio pulses from extensive air showers in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. It consists of 30 digital antennas operated in different geometrical configurations. Read out is performed at high bandwidths and rate data processing with the aim to calibrate the emitted signal in the primary energy range of 10 16 − 10 18 eV by making use of reconstructed air-shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. An overview on the performance of both experiments will be given and recent analysis results be reported.
Published: 2009
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7. Air shower measurements with the LOPES radio antenna array

Author: A. Haungs, W.D. Apel, J.C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P.G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, J. Oehlschläger, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, and J.A. Zensus
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Digital radio, Antenna array, Interferometry, Air shower, Optics, Amplitude, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, business, Instrumentation, Radio wave
Abstract: LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from Extensive Air Showers. Since radio waves suffer very little attenuation, radio measurements allow the detection of very distant or highly inclined showers. These waves can be recorded day and night, and provide a bolometric measure of the leptonic shower component. LOPES is designed as a digital radio interferometer using high bandwidths and fast data processing and profits from the reconstructed air shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. The LOPES antennas are absolutely amplitude calibrated allowing to reconstruct the electric field strength which can be compared with predictions from detailed Monte Carlo simulations. We report about the analysis of correlations present in the radio signals measured by the LOPES 30 antenna array. Additionally, LOPES operates antennas of a different type (LOPES-STAR) which are optimized for an application at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Status, recent results of the data analysis and further perspectives of LOPES and the possible large scale application of this new detection technique are discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, Contribution to the Arena 2008 conference, Rome, June 2008
Published: 2009
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8. KASCADE-Grande: An overview and first results

Author: H. J. Mathes, M. Petcu, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, H.O. Klages, H. Bozdog, A. Haungs, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, J. Zabierowski, Wolfgang Walkowiak, B. Mitrica, R. Engel, Markus Roth, J. Wochele, J. Engler, A. Chiavassa, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, Octavian Sima, F. Badea, D. Heck, Y. Kolotaev, P. Luczak, H.J. Mayer, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, K. H. Kampert, C. Meurer, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, Tim Huege, G.C. Trinchero, M. Finger, K. Bekk, J.R. Hörandel, G. Toma, M. Stümpert, S. Ostapchenko, Paula Gina Isar, A. Morales, M. Brüggemann, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, H. Schieler, A. Weindl, T. Pierog, J. Blümer, H. Ulrich, H. Rebel, P. Doll, Piera Luisa Ghia, F. Cossavella, S. Nehls, Claus Grupen, R. Glasstetter, J.C. Arteaga, G. Navarra, J. van Buren, Kai Daumiller, J. Oehlschläger, and W. D. Apel
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, KASCADE, Astronomy, Detector, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Knee region, Scintillator, Instrumentation
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany), is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment to study cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies 10 14 –10 18 eV. After detailed investigations of the knee in the spectrum with KASCADE and EAS-TOP experiments, the main goal of KASCADE-Grande is to provide conclusive results on the knee region by detecting the expected iron knee in the spectrum at around 10 17 eV, and measuring the composition in the possible transition region between galactic and extragalactic components. Due to its multi-component characteristics, basically the former KASCADE experiment enriched by two new arrays of scintillator detectors (Grande and Piccolo), with the aim of providing a large acceptance area (0.5 km 2 ) and prompt trigger signal, KASCADE-Grande is a suitable array to provide refined measurements in the 10 16 –10 18 eV region. In the following, we briefly report on the characteristics of the detector, its performance, and first results based on 2 years of data taking. r 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 95.85.Ry
Published: 2008
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9. Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: F. Di Pierro, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, C. Meurer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and D. Zimmermann
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, KASCADE, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Published: 2007
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10. Radio detection of cosmic ray air showers with LOPES

Author: T. Huege, W.D. Apel, T. Asch, A.F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, S. Buitink, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, H. Butcher, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Hakenjos, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, P.G. Isar, K.H. Kampert, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, C. Meurer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, J. Petrovic, T. Pierog, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, J.A. Zensus, and D. Zimmermann
Subjects: Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, The Renaissance, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Earth's magnetic field, Radio detection
Abstract: In the last few years, radio detection of cosmic ray air showers has experienced a true renaissance, becoming manifest in a number of new experiments and simulation efforts. In particular, the LOPES project has successfully implemented modern interferometric methods to measure the radio emission from extensive air showers. LOPES has confirmed that the emission is coherent and of geomagnetic origin, as expected by the geosynchrotron mechanism, and has demonstrated that a large scale application of the radio technique has great potential to complement current measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We describe the current status, most recent results and open questions regarding radio detection of cosmic rays and give an overview of ongoing research and development for an application of the radio technique in the framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory., 8 pages; Proceedings of the CRIS2006 conference, Catania, Italy; to be published in Nuclear Physics B, Proceedings Supplements
Published: 2007
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11. Radio emission of highly inclined cosmic ray air showers measured with LOPES

Author: J. Petrovic, W. D. Apel, T. Asch, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, H. Butcher, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, C. Meurer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, J. A. Zensus, and D. Zimmermann
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, LOFAR, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Air shower, KASCADE, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Event (particle physics), Zenith
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 36387.pdf ( ) (Open Access) Contains fulltext : 36387.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Aims.The capability of radio antenna arrays to measure cosmic ray air showers with very large zenith angles is explored. This is important, since a possible neutrino detection has to fulfill two requirements. First: antennas should be able to detect very inclined cosmic ray air showers, and second: it should be possible to estimate the distance to the shower maximum, since neutrinos are most likely to travel far through the Earth's atmosphere without interaction and induce air showers close to the ground. Methods: LOPES (LOFAR PrototypE Station; LOFAR - LOw Frequency ARray), an array of dipole antennas, is used for the detection of inclined cosmic ray air showers. LOPES is co-located and triggered by the KASCADE (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector) experiment, which also provides information on air shower properties such as electron and muon numbers on the ground, as well as the arrival direction. Radio emission of nearly vertical cosmic ray air showers has been detected by LOPES. Results: LOPES-10 (the first phase of LOPES, consisting of 10 antennas) detected a significant number of cosmic ray air showers with a zenith angle larger than 50°, and many of these have very high radio field strengths. The most inclined event that has been detected with LOPES-10 has a zenith angle of almost 80°. This is proof that the new technique is also applicable for cosmic ray air showers with high inclinations, which in the case that they are initiated close to the ground, can be a signature of neutrino events. Conclusions: .Our results indicate that arrays of simple radio antennas can be used for the detection of highly inclined air showers, which might be triggered by neutrinos. In addition, we found that the radio pulse height (normalized with the muon number) for highly inclined events increases with the geomagnetic angle, which confirms the geomagnetic origin of radio emission in cosmic ray air showers.
Published: 2007

12. Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES (LOPES Collaboration)

Author: R. Obenland, Markus Roth, R. Engel, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Rebel, M. Brüggemann, Peter L. Biermann, D. Zimmermann, K. H. Kampert, T. Huege, J.R. Hörandel, Harvey Butcher, H. Bozdog, A. Haungs, R. Glasstetter, P. Doll, H. Gemmeke, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, S.J. Lafebre, J. Zabierowski, A. Chiavassa, D. Heck, A. Nigl, J. Blümer, Wolfgang Walkowiak, A. Risse, M. Stümpert, Alexandru Bercuci, L. Bähren, Claus Grupen, G. Navarra, H. Ulrich, T. Asch, A.F. Badea, H. Schieler, H. J. Mathes, Y. Kolotaev, K. Bekk, Stijn Buitink, O. Krömer, H.J. Mayer, Kai Daumiller, T. Pierog, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, P. L. Ghia, S. Nehls, J. van Buren, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, J. Oehlschläger, A. Horneffer, S. Over, S. Ostapchenko, J. A. Zensus, J. Petrovic, K. Singh, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, W. D. Apel, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, M. Petcu, F. Cossavella, C. Meurer, and S. Plewnia
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Radiation, Shower, Air shower, Earth's magnetic field, Radio detection, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: Data taken with a radio antenna array in combination with the ground-level air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe open up the possibility to measure large extensive air showers with this new technique. The pulse height of the observed radio signals scales with the primary energy of the particles initiating the air shower. The dependence of the radio signal on the angle of the shower axis with respect to the Earth's geomagnetic field and the coherence of the radiation suggest that the radio signal generation is due to the geosynchrotron mechanism.
Published: 2006
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13. Progress in air shower radio measurements: Detection of distant events

Author: W.D. Apel, T. Asch, A.F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, S. Buitink, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, H. Butcher, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, K.H. Kampert, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, C. Meurer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, A. Nigl, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, J. Petrovic, T. Pierog, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, J.A. Zensus, and D. Zimmermann
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astronomy, Radio equipment, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Shower, Air shower, Optics, Pulse-amplitude modulation, Detection theory, business, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: Data taken during half a year of operation of 10 LOPES antennas (LOPES-10), triggered by EAS observed with KASCADE-Grande have been analysed. We report about the analysis of correlations of radio signals measured by LOPES-10 with extensive air shower events reconstructed by KASCADE-Grande, including shower cores at large distances. The efficiency of detecting radio signals induced by air showers up to distances of 700 m from the shower axis has been investigated. The results are discussed with special emphasis on the effects of the reconstruction accuracy for shower core and arrival direction on the coherence of the measured radio signal. In addition, the correlations of the radio pulse amplitude with the primary cosmic ray energy and with the lateral distance from the shower core are studied., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2006
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14. Radio Detection of Cosmic Rays with Lopes

Author: A. Nigl, Harvey Butcher, H. Bozdog, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Y. Koopman, G. C. Trinchero, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, Alexandru Bercuci, G. Navarra, T. Pierog, K. Bekk, Peter L. Biermann, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, L. Bähren, Kai Daumiller, O. Krömer, A. Chiavassa, H. Rebel, R. Engel, F. Badea, S. Over, M. Stümpert, H. J. Pepping, S.J. Lafebre, J.R. Hörandel, J. van Buren, Claus Grupen, G. Toma, A. Horneffer, D. Zimmermann, C. M. de Vos, Stefan J. Wijnholds, J. Blümer, H. Gemmeke, J. A. Zensus, Gernot Maier, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, W. van Capellen, Markus Roth, A. Weindl, G. W. Kant, Jan Kuijpers, G. Schoonderbeek, R. Glasstetter, J. Petrovic, H. J. Mathes, M. Brüggemann, U. Klein, M. Petcu, H. Schieler, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, A. Risse, Tim Huege, P. Doll, Y. Kolotaev, H. Ulrich, M. E. Bertaina, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, J. Milke, D. Heck, K. H. Kampert, A. G. de Bruyn, Stijn Buitink, W. D. Apel, H.J. Mayer, A. Haungs, S. Plewnia, J. Zabierowski, S. Ostapchenko, B. Mitrica, and Heino Falcke
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Shower, Air shower, Earth's magnetic field, Optics, business, Radio detection, Coherence (physics)
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 35498.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Measuring radio pulses from cosmic ray air showers offers various new opportunities. New digital radio receivers allow measurements of these radio pulses even in environments that have lots of radio interference. With high bandwidth ADCs and fast data processing it is possible to store the whole waveform information in digital form and analyse transient events like air showers even after they have been recorded. Digital filtering and beam forming can be used to suppress the radio interference so that it is possible to measure the radio pulses even in radio loud environments. LOPES is a prototype station for the new digital radio interferometer LOFAR and is tailored to measure air showers. For this it is located at the site of the KASCADE-Grande air shower experiment. Already with the first phase of LOPES we have been able to measure radio pulses from air showers and show correlations between the radio pulse height and air shower parameters. The first part gives an introduction and presents the science results of LOPES, while the second part presents the hard- and software that enables LOPES to detect air short pulses.
Published: 2006

15. On the influence of cross sections and elasticities of hadronic interactions on air shower observables

Author: Y. Kolotaev, H. Ulrich, T. Antoni, P. L. Ghia, J. van Buren, J. Wochele, Gernot Maier, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, D. Heck, J. Scholz, H.O. Klages, K. H. Kampert, S. Zagromski, Alexandru Bercuci, H. Bozdog, Wolfgang Walkowiak, B. Mitrica, H. Schieler, H. J. Mathes, K. Bekk, D. Zimmermann, R. Engel, Jörg R. Hörandel, S. Over, M. Stümpert, R. Obenland, A. Weindl, F. Feßler, Markus Roth, J. Engler, H. Rebel, M. Brüggemann, J. Oehlschläger, P. Doll, T. Thouw, R. Glasstetter, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, W. D. Apel, F. Badea, Marcio Aparecido Muller, J. Blümer, C. Büttner, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, S. Valchierotti, M. Petcu, G. Toma, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, G. C. Trinchero, A. Risse, Kai Daumiller, and G. Navarra
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Interaction model, Observable, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Elasticity (economics), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: To investigate the impact of uncertainties in the knowledge of properties of individual hadronic interactions on the development of extensive air showers, the inelastic proton-proton cross section and the elasticity of interactions have been modified within the interaction model QGSJET. Air shower simulations are performed using the CORSIKA code. The influence of the modifications on observables like the number of electrons, muons, and hadrons registered at ground level are investigated. The predictions are compared to measurements of the KASCADE experiment.
Published: 2006
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16. Cosmic Ray Energy Spectra and Mass Composition at the Knee – Recent Results from KASCADE –

Author: K.-H. Kampert, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, H. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, C. Büttner, A. Chilingarian, K. Daumiller, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, F. Feßler, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, H.O. Klages, G. Maier, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, M. Müller, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, M. Petcu, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Risse, M. Roth, G. Schatz, H. Schieler, J. Scholz, M. Stümpert, T. Thouw, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, A. Vardanyan, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and S. Zagromski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Acceleration, KASCADE, Diffusion (business)
Abstract: Recent results from the KASCADE experiment on measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the knee are presented. Emphasis is placed on energy spectra of individual mass groups as obtained from an two-dimensional unfolding applied to the reconstructed electron and truncated muon numbers of each individual EAS. The data show a knee-like structure in the energy spectra of light primaries (p, He, C) and an increasing dominance of heavy ones (A > 20) towards higher energies. This basic result is robust against uncertainties of the applied interaction models QGSJET and SIBYLL which are used in the shower simulations to analyse the data. Slight differences observed between experimental data and EAS simulations provide important clues for further improvements of the interaction models. The data are complemented by new limits on global anisotropies in the arrival directions of CRs and by upper limits on point sources. Astrophysical implications for discriminating models of maximum acceleration energy vs galactic diffusion/drift models of the knee are discussed based on this data., 8 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Nuclear Physics B, Proceedings Supplements, as part of the volume for the CRIS 2004, Cosmic Ray International Seminar: GZK and Surroundings
Published: 2004
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17. THE DETECTION OF THE HIGH-ENERGY EAS MUON COMPONENT WITH THE LST DETECTOR OF KASCADE-GRANDE

Author: H. J. Mathes, Y. Kolotaev, J.R. Hörandel, D. Zimmermann, Peter Buchholz, R. Engel, R. Obenland, I.M. Brancus, Markus Roth, H.O. Klages, J. Engler, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, H.J. Mayer, Alexandru Bercuci, H. Ulrich, F. Feßler, Wolfgang Walkowiak, F. Badea, A. Haungs, Kai Daumiller, S. Valchierotti, P. Doll, H. Blümer, Marcio Aparecido Muller, J. Zabierowski, S. Ostapchenko, H. Rebel, S. Over, A. Risse, B. Mitrica, M. Brüggemann, R. Glasstetter, S. Zagromski, J. Wochele, T. Thouw, F. Di Pierro, M. Petcu, M. E. Bertaina, A. Chiavassa, C. Büttner, H. Bozdog, D. Heck, G. C. Trinchero, J. Milke, J. van Buren, M. Stümpert, W. D. Apel, K. Bekk, J. Oehlschläger, G. Navarra, J. Scholz, H. Schieler, K. H. Kampert, G. Toma, Gernot Maier, T. Antoni, P. L. Ghia, A. Weindl, and C. Morello
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Air shower, Muon, Data collection, KASCADE, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Granularity, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A Limited Streamer Tube (LST) detector system has been installed at the KASCADE-Grande experiment to study the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) muon component above a threshold of 2.4 GeV. The extended area of 255 m2 of the LST and the fine granularity of detection enables a detailed study of the muon spatial distribution in the very central zone of the air shower. A dedicated, fractal based analysis has been developed to take advantage of the observables of this detector setup. The sensitivity on cosmic rays mass and energy discrimination has been verified, based on 1.5 years of data collection by the KASCADE experiment.
Published: 2005
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18. RECONSTRUCTION OF TOTAL MUON NUMBER IN KASCADE-GRANDE

Author: F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, R. Glasstetter, J.R. Hörandel, D. Zimmermann, G. C. Trinchero, T. Thouw, H. Schieler, H. Bozdog, A. Weindl, S. Zagromski, H.J. Mayer, Gernot Maier, R. Obenland, C. Büttner, A. Chiavassa, Alexandru Bercuci, H.J. Gils, F. Badea, T. Antoni, S. Plewnia, Markus Roth, J. Engler, J. van Buren, M. Stümpert, P. L. Ghia, J. Oehlschläger, Marcio Aparecido Muller, M. E. Bertaina, K. H. Kampert, Peter Buchholz, J. Milke, W. D. Apel, I.M. Brancus, B. Mitrica, A. Haungs, P. Doll, J. Zabierowski, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, G. Navarra, G. Toma, R. Engel, K. Bekk, Kai Daumiller, M. Brüggemann, S. Valchierotti, F. Feßler, H. Blümer, M. Petcu, H. Rebel, Y. Kolotaev, H.O. Klages, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, D. Heck, Wolfgang Walkowiak, H. J. Mathes, J. Scholz, and A. Risse
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Mass composition, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Air shower, KASCADE, Simulated data, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Muon detector
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment extends the existing extensive air shower experiment KASCADE by an array of 37 detector stations spread over an area of 0.5 km2. The new Grande array measures the charged component of the showers. To reconstruct the mass composition of the cosmic rays, additional information from the muon component of air showers is required. Using observables from the new Grande array together with the muon detectors of the original KASCADE array provides a possibility to reconstruct also the total muon number of each air shower. The quality of reconstruction based on comparison with simulated data, as well as first results of a reconstructed muon size spectrum are presented.
Published: 2005
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19. MEASURING RADIO PULSES FROM AIR SHOWERS WITH LOPES

Author: G. C. Trinchero, M. Petcu, A. Risse, Y. Koopman, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, Peter L. Biermann, A. Chiavassa, F. Badea, Marcio Aparecido Muller, M. Stümpert, A. Horneffer, Stefan J. Wijnholds, H. J. Pepping, G. de Bruyn, H. Schieler, J. Wochele, H.O. Klages, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, Gernot Maier, J. van Buren, C. M. de Vos, K. Bekk, D. Heck, Peter Buchholz, Tim Huege, J. A. Zensus, A. Weindl, M. Brüggemann, I.M. Brancus, Jan Kuijpers, P. Doll, A. Nigl, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, R. Engel, H.J. Mayer, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Harvey Butcher, A. Haungs, Kai Daumiller, O. Krömer, H. Bozdog, T. Thouw, G. W. Kant, F. Feßler, J. Zabierowski, R. Obenland, S. Zagromski, G. Schoonderbeek, R. Glasstetter, T. Antoni, Alexandru Bercuci, S. Valchierotti, P. L. Ghia, Markus Roth, H. Gemmeke, H. Blümer, G. Toma, J. Oehlschläger, S. Nehls, J. Engler, S.J. Lafebre, C. Büttner, K. H. Kampert, M. E. Bertaina, W. van Capellen, J. Milke, G. Navarra, Y. Kolotaev, L. Bähren, S. Over, J.R. Hörandel, D. Zimmermann, H. Ulrich, U. Klein, H. Rebel, J. Scholz, H. J. Mathes, and W. D. Apel
Subjects: Physics, Beamforming, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, Acoustics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Digital radio, LOFAR, Interference (wave propagation), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electromagnetic interference, Air shower, Radio wave
Abstract: LOFAR is a new digital radio interferometer that is being build in The Netherlands. By sampling the radio waves with fast ADCs it can digitally store the whole waveform information and analyze transient events like air showers after they have been recorded. To demonstrate its ability to measure air showers we are building LOPES (a LOFAR PrototypeStation) at the site of an existing air shower array (KASCADE-Grande). The first phase consisting of 10 antennas is already running. It has demonstrated how digital interference suppression and beamforming can overcome the problem of radio interference and pick out air shower events.
Published: 2005
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20. Investigation of the properties of galactic cosmic rays with the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: J. Blümer, Claus Grupen, A. Weindl, A. Chiavassa, C. Morello, H. Schieler, J. Oehlschläger, M. Stümpert, A. Haungs, Paula Gina Isar, Markus Roth, S. Over, Frank G. Schröder, J. Engler, F. Di Pierro, J.C. Arteaga, D. Fuhrmann, B. Mitrica, G.C. Trinchero, G. Toma, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, D. Kickelbick, J. Zabierowski, R. Glasstetter, F. Badea, H. Bozdog, V. de Souza, M. Finger, E. Cantoni, M. Wommer, Peter Buchholz, K. Bekk, Kai Daumiller, I.M. Brancus, T. Pierog, F. Cossavella, Jörg R. Hörandel, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, H. J. Mathes, M. Brüggemann, H.J. Mayer, K. H. Kampert, S. Ostapchenko, M. E. Bertaina, H.J. Gils, T. Huege, G. Navarra, M. Petcu, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, R. Engel, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, P. Luczak, D. Heck, H. Rebel, and H. Ulrich
Subjects: Cosmic ray spallation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Elemental composition, Range (particle radiation), PAMELA detector, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, KASCADE, law, Energy spectrum, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation
Abstract: The properties of galactic cosmic rays are investigated with the KASCADE-Grande experiment in the energy range between $10^{14}$ and $10^{18}$ eV. Recent results are discussed. They concern mainly the all-particle energy spectrum and the elemental composition of cosmic rays., Comment: Proc. RICAP 09, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in press
Published: 2011
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21. The KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: J Blümer, W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, A Chiavassa, E Cantoni, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, A Morales, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, and The KASCADE-Grande Collaboration
Subjects: Physics, History, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Air shower, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Data acquisition, KASCADE, Scintillation counter, Energy spectrum, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Instrumentation
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment measures extensive air showers induced by primary cosmic rays in the energy range 1014 – 1018 eV. The major motivation for KASCADE-Grande is the investigation of the so called ”knee” in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays and its presumed rigidity dependence. A short overview of the experimental setup with focus on the Grande array and its new data acquisition system is given. As an example of analysis the reconstruction of the total muon number is presented.
Published: 2010

22. g-Eclipse – A Middleware-Independent Framework for Accessing Existing Grid Infrastructures

Author: H. Kornmayer, M. Knauer, and M. Stümpert
Subjects: Grid computing, Computer science, Order (business), Distributed computing, Computer cluster, Middleware, Grid, computer.software_genre, computer, Eclipse
Abstract: Even as grid computing became more and more popular in the past few years, it is still not fully established in the scientific world as an alternative to high performance or cluster computing. One of the reasons is the inherent complexity of grids that makes their usage far too difficult for non-experts. Therefore new concepts are needed to lower the threshold of entering grid computing for new users in order to open the grid world to a broader community.
Published: 2010
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23. Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with air shower data

Author: W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, E Cantoni, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kang, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, F Schröder, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, M Wommer, and J Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Air shower, KASCADE, PARTÍCULAS ELEMENTARES, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Interaction model, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Predictions of the hadronic interaction model EPOS~1.61 as implemented in the air shower simulation program CORSIKA are compared to observations with the KASCADE experiment. The investigations reveal that the predictions of EPOS are not compatible with KASCADE measurements. The discrepancies seen are most likely due to use of a set of inelastic hadronic cross sections that are too high., Comment: Journal of Physics G in press
Published: 2009

24. The Constant Intensity Cut Method applied to the KASCADE-Grande muon data

Author: G.C. Trinchero, P. Łuczak, Kai Daumiller, M. Finger, F. Cossavella, J. Blümer, E. Cantoni, T. Huege, G. Toma, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Paula Gina Isar, M. Stümpert, M. Brüggemann, B. Mitrica, F. Badea, G. Navarra, J. Oehlschläger, M. Petcu, H.J. Gils, H. Schieler, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, T. Pierog, K. Bekk, C. Grupen, Karl-Heinz Kampert, P. Doll, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, S. Over, Peter Buchholz, R. Glasstetter, F. Di Pierro, A. Weindl, C. Morello, I.M. Brancus, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, Markus Roth, Y. Kolotaev, D. Fuhrmann, J. Engler, Frank G. Schröder, H. Bozdog, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, S. Ostapchenko, D. Heck, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, W. D. Apel, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, H. J. Mathes, R. Engel, H. Rebel, and Wolfgang Walkowiak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Computational physics, Constant intensity, Air shower, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Zenith
Abstract: The constant intensity cut method is a very useful tool to reconstruct the cosmic ray energy spectrum in order to combine or compare extensive air shower data measured for different attenuation depths independently of the MC model. In this contribution the method is used to explore the muon data of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. In particular, with this technique, the measured muon number spectra for different zenith angle ranges are compared and summed up to obtain a single muon spectrum for the measured showers. Preliminary results are presented, along with estimations of the systematic uncertainties associated with the analysis technique.
Published: 2009

25. New method to measure the attenuation of hadrons in extensive air showers

Author: W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, D. Hildebrand, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, P. Łuczak, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Attenuation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Attenuation length, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Extensive air showers are generated through interactions of high-energy cosmic rays impinging the Earth's atmosphere. A new method is described to infer the attenuation of hadrons in air showers. The numbers of electrons and muons, registered with the scintillator array of the KASCADE experiment are used to estimate the energy of the shower inducing primary particle. A large hadron calorimeter is used to measure the hadronic energy reaching observation level. The ratio of energy reaching ground level to the energy of the primary particle is used to derive an attenuation length of hadrons in air showers. In the energy range from $10^6$ GeV to $3\cdot10^7$ GeV the attenuation length obtained increases from 170 \gcm2 to 210 \gcm2. The experimental results are compared to predictions of simulations based on contemporary high energy interaction models., Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Published: 2009

26. Energy Spectra of Elemental Groups of Cosmic Rays: Update on the KASCADE Unfolding Analysis

Author: G. Toma, P. Doll, B. Mitrica, M. Finger, M. Wommer, H. Rebel, J. van Buren, Y. Kolotaev, M. Brüggemann, J. Zabierowski, Ralph Engel, F. Cossavella, G. Schatz, M. Petcu, H. Bozdog, S. Ostapchenko, Paula Gina Isar, D. Kang, Andreas Haungs, Markus Roth, Peter Buchholz, H.O. Klages, H. Ulrich, J. Engler, P. Łuczak, I.M. Brancus, A.F. Badea, J. Milke, J. Wochele, H.J. Gils, Octavian Sima, H. J. Mathes, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Jörg R. Hörandel, R. Glasstetter, D. Heck, H.J. Mayer, H. Schieler, Tim Huege, S. Over, Karl-Heinz Kampert, D. Fuhrmann, Kai Daumiller, Frank G. Schröder, J.C. Arteaga, M. Stümpert, J. Oehlschläger, K. Bekk, J. Blümer, A. Weindl, W. D. Apel, Claus Grupen, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, T. Pierog, and S. Nehls
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Astronomy, Hadron, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Interaction model, Astrophysics, ENERGIA, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Energy (signal processing), Zenith
Abstract: The KASCADE experiment measures extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays in the energy range around the so-called knee. The data of KASCADE have been used in a composition analysis showing the knee at 3-5 PeV to be caused by a steepening in the light-element spectra. Since the applied unfolding analysis depends crucially on simulations of air showers, different high energy hadronic interaction models (QGSJet and SIBYLL) were used. The results have shown a strong dependence of the relative abundance of the individual mass groups on the underlying model. In this update of the analysis we apply the unfolding method with a different low energy interaction model (FLUKA instead of GHEISHA) in the simulations. While the resulting individual mass group spectra do not change significantly, the overall description of the measured data improves by using the FLUKA model. In addition data in a larger range of zenith angle are analysed. The new results are completely consistent, i.e. there is no hint to any severe problem in applying the unfolding analysis method to KASCADE data., accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2008

27. Detecting radio pulses from air showers

Author: J. Wochele, Alexandra Saftoiu, Octavian Sima, Jörg R. Hörandel, D. Heck, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, R. Glasstetter, A. Chiavassa, Stijn Buitink, H.J. Mayer, E. Cantoni, J. Rautenberg, Y. Kolotaev, H. Bozdog, F. Di Pierro, Markus Roth, J. Blümer, M. Stümpert, C. Morello, A. Haungs, Peter L. Biermann, H. Ulrich, F. Badea, J. Zabierowski, F. Cossavella, G.C. Trinchero, O. Krömer, M. Finger, Paula Gina Isar, A. Nigl, K. H. Kampert, J. A. Zensus, Wolfgang Walkowiak, M. Wommer, M. Brüggemann, Tim Huege, M. E. Bertaina, K. Singh, J. Milke, L. Bähren, G. Toma, J.C. Arteaga, A. Schmidt, H. Gemmeke, H. Schieler, A. Horneffer, T. Asch, W. D. Apel, R. Engel, P. Doll, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, H. Rebel, P. Luczak, J. Oehlschläger, Claus Grupen, J. Auffenberg, Peter Buchholz, D. Kang, I.M. Brancus, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, H. J. Mathes, F.G. Schröder, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, K. Bekk, S.J. Lafebre, G. Navarra, and Kai Daumiller
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Ground level, Atmospheric measurements, Air shower, Fluorescent light, Cascade, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Optical observation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: Cosmic rays are energetic particles from outside the earth’s atmosphere. When a high energy cosmic ray hits the atmosphere it triggers a cascade of secondary particles produced in nuclear interactions, an air shower. Up to now the established methods of measuring air showers are detection of the particles that reach the ground level or optical observation of the Cherenkov or fluorescent light.
Published: 2008
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28. Cosmic Ray Air Shower Detection with LOPES

Author: J. Rautenberg, M. E. Bertaina, A. Hakenjos, J. Milke, Y. Kolotaev, W. D. Apel, K. H. Kampert, Markus Roth, A. Haungs, A. Horneffer, F. Di Pierro, Peter Buchholz, G.C. Trinchero, J. Blümer, I.M. Brancus, H. Ulrich, J. Zabierowski, C. Morello, O. Krömer, A. Nigl, R. Engel, P. Doll, Peter L. Biermann, Wolfgang Walkowiak, A.F. Badea, T. Pierog, Piera Luisa Ghia, T. Asch, S. Nehls, J. Petrovic, M. Brüggemann, J. Wochele, P. Luczak, Octavian Sima, Stijn Buitink, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, S.J. Lafebre, K. Singh, H.J. Mayer, J. A. Zensus, A. Chiavassa, S. Over, D. Heck, H. Gemmeke, Paula Gina Isar, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, M. Stümpert, H. Rebel, Harvey Butcher, H. Bozdog, M. Petcu, C. Meurer, H. Schieler, J.R. Hörandel, Claus Grupen, L. Bähren, D. Zimmermann, J.C. Arteaga, G. Toma, H. J. Mathes, R. Glasstetter, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, K. Bekk, S. Plewnia, F. Cossavella, Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, G. Navarra, and J. van Buren
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Shower, Air shower, LOPES, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Absolute calibration
Abstract: LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to investigate radio pulses from extensive air showers experimentally and theoretically. Data taken during half a year of operation of 10 LOPES antennas (LOPES-10), triggered by EAS observed with KASCADE-Grande have been analysed. We report about the results of correlations with shower parameters present in the radio signals measured by LOPES-10. The extended setup LOPES-30 consists of 30 antennas which have an absolute calibration and the data of which will be compared with expectations from detailed Monte-Carlo simulations. In addition, LOPES operates antennas of a different type (LOPES STAR ) which are optimized for an application at the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Published: 2008

29. Investigations of Muons in EAS with KASCADE-Grande

Author: Wolfgang Walkowiak, H. J. Mathes, Alexandru Bercuci, J. C. Arteaga, H. Rebel, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, A. Risse, K. Bekk, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, A.F. Badea, S. Ostapchenko, C. Grupen, R. Obenland, P. Luczak, J. Oehlschläger, Kai Daumiller, H.J. Mayer, M. Stümpert, Octavian Sima, Andrea Chiavassa, R. Engel, H. Schieler, Markus Roth, H. Ulrich, Paula Gina Isar, T. Huege, J. Engler, A. Weindl, J. Blümer, A. Haungs, B. Mitrica, P. Doll, H.J. Gils, M. Petcu, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Plewnia, G. Toma, C. Meurer, M. Brüggemann, J.R. Hörandel, D. Heck, Peter Buchholz, D. Zimmermann, I.M. Brancus, R. Glasstetter, G.C. Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, T. Pierog, W. D. Apel, J. Milke, G. Navarra, K. H. Kampert, F. Cossavella, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, J. van Buren, H. Bozdog, and S. Over
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Hadron, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Observable, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Shower, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is a multi detector setup for the investigation of extensive air showers in the primary energy range of the knee including energies around the so-called second knee. With the data of the 700 ⋅ 700 m2 large Grande array shower core position, shower direction, and the total number of electrons are reconstructed for events with primary energy above 10 16.5 eV . In addition, the experiment consists of different detector setups for measuring muons at various energy thresholds between 230 MeV and 2.4 GeV. These informations are used to estimate the muon shower size as well as observables sensitive to differences of hadronic interaction models embedded in shower simulation codes. We report the goals and the status of the different muon measurements at KASCADE-Grande.
Published: 2008

30. Frequency spectra of cosmic ray air shower radio emission measured with LOPES

Author: A. Nigl, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, H. Butcher, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, M. Manewald, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, C. Meurer, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and J. A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, Frequency band, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, LOFAR, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Spectral line, Air shower, KASCADE, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral slope
Abstract: AIMS: We wish to study the spectral dependence of the radio emission from cosmic-ray air showers around 100 PeV (1017 eV). METHODS: We observe short radio pulses in a broad frequency band with the dipole-interferometer LOPES (LOFAR Prototype Station), which is triggered by a particle detector array named Karlsruhe Shower Core and Array Detector (KASCADE). LOFAR is the Low Frequency Array. For this analysis, 23 strong air shower events are selected using parameters from KASCADE. RESULTS: The resulting electric field spectra fall off to higher frequencies. An average electric field spectrum is fitted with an exponential, or alternatively, with a power law. The spectral slope obtained is not consistent within uncertainties and it is slightly steeper than the slope obtained from Monte Carlo simulations based on air showers simulated with CORSIKA (Cosmic Ray Simulations for KASCADE). One of the strongest events was measured during thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of LOPES and shows the longest pulse length measured of 110 ns and a spectral slope of -3.6. CONCLUSIONS: We show with two different methods that frequency spectra from air shower radio emission can be reconstructed on event-by-event basis, with only two dozen dipole antennae simultaneously over a broad range of frequencies. According to the obtained spectral slopes, the maximum power is emitted below 40 MHz. Furthermore, the decrease in power to higher frequencies indicates a loss in coherence determined by the shower disc thickness. We conclude that a broader bandwidth, larger collecting area, and longer baselines, as will be provided by LOFAR, are necessary to further investigate the relation of the coherence, pulse length, and spectral slope of cosmic ray air showers., Comment: 13 pages, 21 figures. Nigl, A. et al. (LOPES Collaboration), Frequency spectra of cosmic ray air shower radio emission measured with LOPES, accepted by A&A on 17/06/2008
Published: 2008

31. Time structure of the EAS electron and muon components measured by the KASCADE Grande experiment

Author: B. Mitrica, H. Bozdog, R. Engel, C. Meurer, J. Oehlschläger, H. Schieler, P. Doll, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, A.F. Badea, P. Luczak, Markus Roth, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, J. Engler, Jörg R. Hörandel, K. H. Kampert, M. Finger, E. Cantoni, M. Brüggemann, Wolfgang Walkowiak, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, R. Glasstetter, G.C. Trinchero, S. Ostapchenko, K. Bekk, H. J. Mathes, Tim Huege, Paula Gina Isar, W. D. Apel, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, H. Rebel, F. Cossavella, H.O. Klages, T. Pierog, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, M. Petcu, H.J. Mayer, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, G. Navarra, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, A. Haungs, Y. Kolotaev, J. Zabierowski, J.C. Arteaga, J. Blümer, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, J. Wochele, A. Weindl, Octavian Sima, D. Heck, Claus Grupen, Kai Daumiller, G. Toma, A. Chiavassa, and M. Stümpert
Subjects: Core (optical fiber), Physics, Nuclear physics, Muon, KASCADE, Astronomy, Detector, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Time structure, Arrival time
Abstract: Extensive air showers measured by the KASCADE–Grande experiment at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe are studied with respect to the arrival times of electrons and muons at observation level. The mean and the spread of the arrival time distributions have been used to determine the average time profile of the electromagnetic and muonic shower disk. For core distances R > 200 m particles of the muonic shower component arrive on average earlier at observation level than particles of the electromagnetic shower component. The difference increases with the core distance from Δ 〈 t 〉 = ( 12.9 ± 0.2 ) ns at R > 200 m to Δ 〈 t 〉 = ( 47 ± 1 ) ns at R = 500 m , where the width of the muonic and electromagnetic shower disks are comparable. This difference in arrival time is used to separate the electrons and muons dependent on the distance from the shower center. This is intended to be used by experiments with time resolving detectors.
Published: 2008

32. Direction identification in radio images of cosmic-ray air showers detected with LOPES and KASCADE

Author: A. Nigl, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, H. Butcher, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, M. Manewald, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, C. Meurer, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and J. A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radius, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Curvature, Particle detector, Air shower, KASCADE, Space and Planetary Science, Angular resolution
Abstract: AIMS: We want to understand the emission mechanism of radio emission from air showers to determine the origin of high-energy cosmic rays. Therefore, we study the geometry of the air shower radio emission measured with LOPES and search for systematic effects between the direction determined on the radio signal and the direction provided by the particle detector array KASCADE. METHODS: We produce 4D radio images on time-scales of nanoseconds using digital beam-forming. Each pixel of the image is calculated for three spatial dimensions and as a function of time. The third spatial dimension is obtained by calculating the beam focus for a range of curvature radii fitted to the signal wave front. We search this multi-dimensional parameter space for the direction of maximum coherence of the air shower radio signal and compare it to the direction provided by KASCADE. RESULTS: The maximum radio emission of air showers is obtained for curvature radii being larger than 3 km. We find that the direction of the emission maximum can change when optimizing the curvature radius. Furthermore, we find a tentative increase of the curvature radius to lower elevations, where the air showers pass through a larger atmospheric depth. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the angular resolution of LOPES is sufficient to determine the direction which maximizes the observed electric field amplitude. However, the statistical uncertainty of the directions is not determined by the resolution of LOPES, but by the uncertainty of the curvature radius. We do not find any systematic deviation between the directions determined from the radio signal and from the detected particles. This result places a strong supportive argument for the use of the radio technique to study the origin of high-energy cosmic rays., Comment: 8 pages, 13 figures. Nigl, A. et al. (LOPES Collaboration), Direction identification in radio images of cosmic rays detected with LOPES and KASCADE, accepted by A&A on 12/06/2008
Published: 2008

33. THE KASCADE–GRANDE EXPERIMENT

Author: B. Mitrica, C. Meurer, Y. Kolotaev, F. Badea, P. Doll, A. Weindl, Tim Huege, H. Ulrich, F. Cossavella, Tanguy Pierog, H.O. Klages, J. Wochele, K. Bekk, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, Octavian Sima, Claus Grupen, M. Brüggemann, R. Glasstetter, F. Di Pierro, J. C. Arteaga, A. Chiavassa, C. Morello, G. C. Trinchero, Dieter Heck, H.J. Gils, Alexandru Bercuci, D. Zimmermann, S. Plewnia, M. Stümpert, Jörg R. Hörandel, R. Obenland, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Paula Gina Isar, Markus Roth, J. Engler, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, H. Rebel, S. Ostapchenko, J. Oehlschläger, J. Blümer, J. van Buren, M. Petcu, A. Risse, P. Luczak, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, G. Navarra, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Kai Daumiller, W. D. Apel, Andreas Haungs, G. Toma, Ralph Engel, H. Bozdog, S. Over, H.J. Mayer, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, and J. Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, KASCADE, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics
Published: 2007
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34. Radio emission in atmospheric air showers: Results of LOPES-10

Author: A Haungs, W D Apel, T Asch, F Badea, L Bähren, K Bekk, A Bercuci, M Bertaina, P L Biermann, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, S Buitink, H Butcher, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, H Falcke, H Gemmeke, P L Ghia, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Hakenjos, D Heck, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, T Huege, P G Isar, K H Kampert, Y Kolotaev, O Krömer, J Kuijpers, S Lafebre, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, A Nigl, R Obenland, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, J Petrovic, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, A Risse, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, K Singh, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, J A Zensus, and D Zimmermann
Subjects: Atmospheric air, Physics, History, Meteorology, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Education, Shower, Air shower
Abstract: LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from Extensive Air Showers. Data taken during half a year of operation of 10 LOPES antennas (LOPES-10), triggered by showers observed with KASCADE-Grande have been analyzed. We report about results of correlations found of the measured radio signals by LOPES-10 with shower parameters., Comment: Proceedings of ARENA 06, June 2006, University of Northumbria, UK
Published: 2007

35. The knee of cosmic rays - news from KASCADE

Author: Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, W. D. Apel, J. Oehlschläger, J. Wochele, A.F. Badea, D. Heck, Y. Kolotaev, M. Petcu, H. Ulrich, J.R. Hörandel, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, Alexandru Bercuci, Claus Grupen, Kai Daumiller, S. Over, H. J. Mathes, D. Fuhrmann, H. Bozdog, Markus Roth, T. Huege, H.J. Mayer, Octavian Sima, Andrea Chiavassa, J. Engler, J. Blümer, R. Engel, G. Toma, F. Cossavella, H. Rebel, H. Schieler, G. Navarra, B. Mitrica, A. Weindl, M. E. Bertaina, R. Glasstetter, J. Milke, P. Luczak, C. Meurer, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, Wolfgang Walkowiak, K. H. Kampert, J. van Buren, P. Doll, H.O. Klages, K. Bekk, G. C. Trinchero, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, S. Nehls, J. C. Arteaga, M. Stümpert, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Brüggemann, M. Finger, and A. Risse
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Range (particle radiation), KASCADE, Astronomy, Energy spectrum, Cosmic ray, Composition analysis, Knee region, Astrophysics, Power law, Spectral line
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 36597.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The energy spectrum of cosmic rays, following over large energy ranges a simple power law, steepens at energies around 4 PeV. This so-called knee is believed to be an imprint of corresponding steepenings or even cut-offs in the energy spectra of single cosmic ray elements, thus implying a change of composition in the range between 1 PeV and 100 PeV. One of the sophisticated experiments aiming at detailed measurements in the knee region is the KASCADE experiment and its successor, KASCADE-Grande. In the following, existing data on the knee and their limitations are briefly discussed. Concluding, an update on the KASCADE composition analysis is presented.
Published: 2007

36. Radio Emission in Atmospheric Air Showers: First Measurements with LOPES-30

Author: P G Isar, S Nehls, W D Apel, T Asch, F Badea, L Bähren, K Bekk, A Bercuci, M Bertaina, P L Biermann, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, S Buitink, H Butcher, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, H Falcke, H Gemmeke, P L Ghia, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Hakenjos, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, T Huege, K H Kampert, Y Kolotaev, O Krömer, J Kuijpers, S Lafebre, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, A Nigl, R Obenland, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, J Petrovic, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, A Risse, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, K Singh, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, J A Zensus, and D Zimmermann
Subjects: Atmospheric air, Physics, History, LOPES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Atmosphere, Shower, Air shower, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Dipole antenna
Abstract: When Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays interact with particles in the Earth's atmosphere, they produce a shower of secondary particles propagating toward the ground. LOPES-30 is an absolutely calibrated array of 30 dipole antennas investigating the radio emission from these showers in detail and clarifying if the technique is useful for largescale applications. LOPES-30 is co-located and measures in coincidence with the air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande. Status of LOPES-30 and first measurements are presented., Comment: Proceedings of ARENA 06, June 2006, University of Northumbria, UK
Published: 2007

37. THE COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT KASCADE-GRANDE

Author: K. Bekk, K. H. Kampert, Alexandru Bercuci, G. C. Trinchero, J. Wochele, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Mathes, P. Doll, D. Heck, Kai Daumiller, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, B. Mitrica, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, Gernot Maier, A. Weindl, Y. Kolotaev, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, H.O. Klages, J. Blümer, A. Risse, R. Engel, J.R. Hörandel, H. Ulrich, D. Zimmermann, J. van Buren, Wolfgang Walkowiak, R. Obenland, M. Stümpert, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, J. Engler, W. D. Apel, F. Badea, G. Navarra, H. Rebel, R. Glasstetter, S. Over, Claus Grupen, H. Bozdog, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, S. Ostapchenko, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, and G. Toma
Subjects: Physics, KASCADE, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Published: 2006
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38. ADVANCED DETECTION METHODS OF RADIO SIGNALS FROM COSMIC RAYS FOR KASCADE GRANDE AND AUGER

Author: H. GEMMEKE, W. D. APEL, F. A. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. DE BRUYN, C. M. DE VOS, F. DI PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYERS, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, S. NEHLS, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN
Published: 2006
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39. The Kascade-Grande experiment

Author: M. Brüggemann, M. Stümpert, J. Buren, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, H. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, C. Büttner, A. Chiavassa, K. Daumiller, F. Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, F. Fessler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, K.-H. Kampert, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, G. Maier, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, M. Müller, G. Navarra, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, J. Scholz, T. Thouw, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, S. Valchierotti, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Zagromski, and D. Zimmermann
Published: 2006
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40. Absolute Calibration of the Lopes Antenna System

Author: S. NEHLS, W. D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. de BRUYN, C. M. de VOS, F. di PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, H. GEMMEKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAKENJOS, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pulse duration, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Amplification factor, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, Electric field, Calibration, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Antenna (radio), business
Abstract: Radio emission in extensive air showers arises from an interaction with the geomagnetic field and is subject of theoretical studies. This radio emission has advantages for the detection of high energy cosmic rays compared to secondary particle or fluorescence measurement methods. Radio antennas like the LOPES30 antenna system are suited to investigate this emission process by detecting the radio pulses. The characteristic observable parameters like electric field strength and pulse length require a calibration which was done with a reference radio source resulting in an amplification factor representing the system behavior in the environment of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Knowing the amplification factor and the gain of the LOPES antennas LOPES30 is calibrated absolutely for systematic analyses of the radio emission., Comment: 5 pages, Proceedings of International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino detection Activities: ARENA, May 17-19, 2005, DESY Zeuthen
Published: 2006

41. Results and status of KASCADE-Grande

Author: A. Weindl, R. Glasstetter, H. Bozdog, A.F. Badea, G. Toma, M. Stümpert, S. Over, Alexandru Bercuci, R. Obenland, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, T. Pierog, Markus Roth, J. Engler, P. L. Ghia, S. Ostapchenko, Y. Kolotaev, R. Engel, S. Nehls, J. Blümer, W. D. Apel, F. Cossavella, B. Mitrica, J.R. Hörandel, H. Ulrich, D. Zimmermann, H. Rebel, J. Wochele, C. Meurer, D. Heck, J. Oehlschläger, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, H.O. Klages, Claus Grupen, Wolfgang Walkowiak, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, A. Risse, M. Brüggemann, G. C. Trinchero, K. Bekk, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, K. H. Kampert, P. Doll, H. J. Mathes, T. Huege, G. Navarra, Kai Daumiller, and J. van Buren
Subjects: Physics, High energy, KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Knee region, Composition analysis, Astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, human activities, Spectral line
Abstract: The KASCADE‐Grande experiment measures extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays in the knee region (with energies between 0.5 PeV and 1 EeV). The principal task of the experiment is to measure precisely the energy and chemical composition of primary cosmic rays to clarify the origin of the knee. The data of the original KASCADE experiment have been used in a composition analysis, which shows the knee is caused by a steepening of the element spectra. The limitations to these conclusions due to the dependence on the high energy hadronic interaction models used in the simulations are also presented.
Published: 2006
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42. The longitudinal development of showers induced by high-energy hadrons in an iron-sampling calorimeter

Author: A. Haungs, S. Zagromski, J. Oehlschläger, J. Zabierowski, K. H. Kampert, H. J. Mathes, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, R. Engel, M. E. Bertaina, H. Bozdog, J. Milke, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, H. Rebel, M. Brüggemann, S. Ostapchenko, J. Scholz, F. Feßler, R. Obenland, G. Toma, Kai Daumiller, H. Blümer, F. Badea, G. C. Trinchero, Wolfgang Walkowiak, T. Thouw, Marcio Aparecido Muller, H.J. Mayer, A. Chiavassa, Markus Roth, A. Risse, M. Stümpert, Gernot Maier, R. Glasstetter, B. Mitrica, S. Over, H. Schieler, C. Büttner, H.O. Klages, J. van Buren, K. Bekk, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Petcu, Y. Kolotaev, J. Engler, G. Navarra, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, H. Ulrich, J.R. Hörandel, D. Zimmermann, T. Antoni, P. L. Ghia, A. Weindl, S. Valchierotti, Alexandru Bercuci, J. Wochele, and D. Heck
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High energy, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Sampling (statistics), Super Proton Synchrotron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Ionization, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Particle beam
Abstract: Occasionally cosmic-ray induced air showers result in single, unaccompanied hadrons at ground level. Such events are investigated with the 300 m2 hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. It is an iron sampling calorimeter with a depth of 11 hadronic interaction lengths read out by warm-liquid ionization chambers. The longitudinal shower development is discussed as function of energy up to 30 TeV and the results are compared with simulations using the GEANT/FLUKA code. In addition, results of test measurements at a secondary particle beam of the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN up to 350 GeV are discussed.
Published: 2006

43. Investigating the 2nd knee: The KASCADE-grande experiment

Author: H. J. Mathes, Gernot Maier, A. Risse, P. Doll, Alexandru Bercuci, G. C. Trinchero, M. Petcut, C. Morello, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, T. Pierog, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, Kai Daumiller, S. Over, A. Haungs, P. L. Ghia, K. Bekk, C. Grupen, M. Stümpert, H. Bozdog, S. Zagromski, J. Zabierowski, Wolfgang Walkowiak, J.R. Hörandel, G. Toma, S. Ostapchenko, J. Wochele, D. Zimmermann, F. Badea, A. Weindl, F. Di Pierre, Marcio Aparecido Muller, R. Engel, D. Heck, M. E. Bertaina, R. Obenland, J. Bliimer, G. Navarra, H.O. Klages, J. Milke, Peter Buchholz, K. H. Kampert, I.M. Brancus, Markus Roth, Y. Kolotaev, W. D. Apel, J. Engler, M. Brüggemann, B. Mitricat, R. Glasstetter, J. van Buren, Octavian Sima, H. Ulrich, H. Schieler, J. Oehlschläger, and S. Valchierotti
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, History, KASCADE, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: Recent results from the multi-detector set-up KASCADE on measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the so called "first" knee (at ≈ 3 PeV) indicate a distinct knee in the energy spectra of light primary cosmic rays and an increasing dominance of heavy ones towards higher energies. This leads to the expectation of knee-like features of the heavy primaries at around 100 PeV. To investigate this energy region KASCADE has recently been extended by a factor 10 in area to the new experiment KASCADE-Grande. Main results of KASCADE as well as set-up, capabilities, and status of KASCADE-Grande are presented.
Published: 2006

44. Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES

Author: A. HORNEFFER, W. D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. DE BRUYN, C. M. DE VOS, F. DI PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, H. GEMMEKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, S. NEHLS, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN
Published: 2006

45. Tests of hadronic interaction models by data of the KASCADE-Grande air-shower experiment

Author: Wolfgang Walkowiak, H.O. Klages, P. Doll, J. Oehlschläger, R. Obenland, Peter Buchholz, G. Navarra, G. Toma, I.M. Brancus, S. Over, H. J. Gils, Markus Roth, Tim Huege, H.J. Mayer, J. Engler, J. van Buren, W. D. Apel, M. Stümpert, H. Schieler, S. Ostapchenko, H. Bozdog, Gernot Maier, S. Plewnia, F. Badea, A. Haungs, J. Wochele, K. H. Kampert, G.C. Trinchero, A. Risse, J. Zabierowski, Octavian Sima, H. J. Mathes, Tanguy Pierog, Kai Daumiller, J.R. Hörandel, A. Weindl, B. Mitrica, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Brüggemann, A. Chiavassa, D. Zimmermann, K. Bekk, R. Glasstetter, M. Petcu, M. Risse, Ralph Engel, Martin Müller, M. E. Bertaina, D. Heck, J. Milke, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, Y. Kolotaev, Claus Grupen, H. Ulrich, H. Rebel, Alexandru Bercuci, and J. Blümer
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Air shower, KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Unknown primary, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Interaction model
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is a multi-detector setup to get redundant information on single air shower basis. The information is used to perform multi-parameter analyses to solve the threefold problem of the reconstruction of the unknown primary energy, the primary mass, and to quantify the characteristics of the hadronic interactions in the air-shower development. This contribution discusses the various ways of testing the hadronic interaction mechanisms with data of the original KASCADE experiment and their results, as well as the capabilities in testing the models with the extension of KASCADE, the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Though no hadronic interaction model is fully able to describe the multi-parameter data of KASCADE consistently, the more recent models or improved versions of older models reproduce the data better than a few years ago.
Published: 2006

46. Detection and imaging of atmospheric radio flashes from cosmic ray air showers

Author: Claus Grupen, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, A.F. Badea, Harvey Butcher, H. Bozdog, C. M. de Vos, Stefan J. Wijnholds, H. Gemmeke, A. Risse, W. A. van Cappellen, A. Nigl, Gernot Maier, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Y. Kolotaev, S. Valchierotti, Y. Koopman, J. A. Zensus, J. Blümer, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, A. Haungs, R. Obenland, A. Weindl, H. Ulrich, Jan Kuijpers, J. Zabierowski, G. W. Kant, U. Klein, R. Glasstetter, Peter L. Biermann, Markus Roth, S. Plewnia, O. Krömer, W. D. Apel, S. Over, P. Doll, Alexandru Bercuci, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, G. C. Trinchero, S. Ostapchenko, G. Toma, Stijn Buitink, B. Mitrica, Tim Huege, Ralph Engel, H.J. Mayer, J.R. Hörandel, G. Navarra, Heino Falcke, D. Zimmermann, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, J. Oehlschläger, Hermann-Josef Mathes, M. Petcu, G. Schoonderbeek, L. Bähren, Kai Daumiller, H. Rebel, S.J. Lafebre, J. van Buren, A. Horneffer, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, K. Bekk, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, A. G. de Bruyn, Dieter Heck, A. Chiavassa, M. Stümpert, J. Petrovic, M. Brüggemann, and H. J. Pepping
Subjects: Physics, Multidisciplinary, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Digital radio, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radiation, Galaxy, Neutrino
Abstract: The nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies >10^20 eV remains a mystery. They are likely to be of extragalactic origin, but should be absorbed within ~50 Mpc through interactions with the cosmic microwave background. As there are no sufficient powerful accelerators within this distance from the Galaxy, explanations for UHECRs range from unusual astrophysical sources to exotic string physics. Also unclear is whether UHECRs consist of protons, heavy nuclei, neutrinos or gamma-rays. To resolve these questions, larger detectors with higher duty cycles and which combine multiple detection techniques are needed. Radio emission from UHECRs, on the other hand, is unaffected by attenuation, has a high duty cycle, gives calorimetric measurements and provides high directional accuracy. Here we report the detection of radio flashes from cosmic-ray air showers using low-cost digital radio receivers. We show that the radiation can be understood in terms of the geosynchrotron effect. Our results show that it should be possible to determine the nature and composition of UHECRs with combined radio and particle detectors, and to detect the ultrahigh-energy neutrinos expected from flavour mixing., Nature, May 19, 2005 issue (PDF, 14 pages), http://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/?loc=publications
Published: 2005

47. The KASCADE-Grande experiment and the LOPES project

Author: A.F. Badea, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, H. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Bucholz, A. Chiavassa, K. Daumiller, F. di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, H. Falcke, F. Feßler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, G.W. Kant, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, G. Maier, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, C. Morello, M. Müller, G. Navarra, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, M. Petcu, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, J. Scholz, M. Stümpert, T. Thouw, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchiero, H. Ulrich, S. Valchierotti, J. van Buren, C.M. de Vos, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Zagromski, and D. Zimmermann
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), LOPES, Conjunction (astronomy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Scintillator, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Air shower, KASCADE
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is the extension of the multi-detector setup KASCADE to cover a primary cosmic ray energy range from 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The enlarged EAS experiment provides comprehensive observations of cosmic rays in the energy region around the knee. Grande is an array of 700 x 700 sqm equipped with 37 plastic scintillator stations sensitive to measure energy deposits and arrival times of air shower particles. LOPES is a small radio antenna array to operate in conjunction with KASCADE-Grande in order to calibrate the radio emission from cosmic ray air showers. Status and capabilities of the KASCADE-Grande experiment and the LOPES project are presented., Comment: To appear in Nuclear Physics B, Proceedings Supplements, as part of the volume for the CRIS 2004, Cosmic Ray International Seminar: GZK and Surroundings
Published: 2004

48. Air shower radio detection with LOPES

Author: J Blümer, W D Apel, J C Arteaga, T Asch, J Auffenberg, F Badea, L Bähren, K Bekk, M Bertaina, P L Biermann, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, S Buitink, H Butcher, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, H Falcke, H Gemmeke, P L Ghia, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kickelbick, Y Kolotaev, O Krömer, J Kuijpers, S Lafebre, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, A Nigl, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, J Petrovic, T Pierog, S Plewnia, J Rautenberg, H Rebel, M Roth, A Saftoiu, H Schieler, O Sima, K Singh, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, J A Zensus, and the LOPES Collaboration
Subjects: Physics, History, Data processing, LOPES, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Digital radio, Computer Science Applications, Education, Interferometry, Air shower, High bandwidth, business, Radio detection
Abstract: LOPES is an array of 30 radio antenna co-located with the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower detector in Karlsruhe, Germany. It is designed as a digital radio interferometer for the detection of radio emission from extensive air showers. LOPES features high bandwidth and fast data processing. A unique asset is the concurrent operation with KASCADE-Grande. We report about the progress in understanding the radio signals measured by LOPES. In addition, the status and further perspectives of LOPES and the large scale application of this novel detection technique are sketched.
Published: 2008
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49. A FADC-based data acquisition system for the KASCADE-grande experiment

Author: Harald Schieler, G. Navarra, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Kai Daumiller, Dieter Heck, J. Scholz, F. Di Pierro, S. Ostapchenko, P. Doll, C. Morello, Andreas Weindl, S. Zagromski, A. Risse, T. Thouw, M. Roth, Alexandru Bercuci, G. Toma, A. Chiavassa, Ralph Engel, S. Over, H.J. Gils, K. Bekk, S. Plewnia, B. Mitrica, H. Bozdog, Martin Müller, M. Stümpert, G.C. Trinchero, Gernot Maier, S. Valchierotti, M. Brüggemann, Wolfgang Walkowiak, D. Zimmermann, J. Oehlschläger, Peter Buchholz, R. Glasstetter, C. Büttner, I.M. Brancus, M. E. Bertaina, W. D. Apel, F. Badea, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. Milke, J. van Buren, T. Antoni, Piera Luisa Ghia, R. Obenland, Andreas Haungs, J. Zabierowski, H. Rebel, M. Petcu, H.J. Mayer, H.O. Klages, J. Engler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, F. Fessler, H. Blümer, J. Wochele, Y. Kolotaev, and H. Ulrich
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Analog-to-digital converter, Astrophysics, Scintillator, law.invention, Air shower, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, KASCADE, law, Transfer (computing), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Field-programmable gate array, Computer hardware, Remote sensing, Data transmission
Abstract: We present the design and first test results of a new FADC-based data acquisition (DAQ) system for the Grande array of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. The original KASCADE experiment at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, has been extended by 37 detector stations of the former EAS-TOP experiment (Grande array)to provide sensitivity to energies of primary particles from the cosmos of up to $10^{18}$ eV. The new FADC-based DAQ system will improve the quality of the data taken by the Grande array by digitizing the scintillator signals with a 250 MHz sampling rate. events per second. Two Grande stations have been equipped with the FADC-based data acquisition system and first data are shown., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures

50. High-energy cosmic rays investigated by air-shower measurements with kascade, kascade-grande, and lopes

Author: L. Bähren, Y. Koopman, Claus Grupen, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, R. Engel, A. Risse, Peter L. Biermann, Alexandru Bercuci, G. Schoonderbeek, R. Glasstetter, F. Badea, J. Petrovic, Stefan J. Wijnholds, S. Over, J. van Buren, T. Pierog, O. Krömer, G. C. Trinchero, Marcio Aparecido Muller, P. L. Ghia, Harvey Butcher, Gernot Maier, A. Nigl, H. Bozdog, Wolfgang Walkowiak, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Kai Daumiller, H. Gemmeke, T. Huege, S. Nehls, J.R. Hörandel, Y. Kolotaev, G. W. Kant, S.J. Lafebre, D. Zimmermann, U. Klein, W. van Capellen, G. Navarra, H. Rebel, J. Blümer, H. Ulrich, R. Obenland, J. Wochele, A. Horneffer, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, Markus Roth, M. Brüggemann, H.O. Klages, D. Heck, H. J. Mathes, J. Engler, K. Bekk, J. Oehlschläger, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, M. Stümpert, M. Petcu, G. Toma, S. Ostapchenko, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, H. J. Pepping, J. A. Zensus, C. M. de Vos, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, K. H. Kampert, A. G. de Bruyn, P. Doll, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, Stijn Buitink, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, and W. D. Apel
Subjects: Physics, Air shower, LOPES, KASCADE, Astronomy, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Humanities
Abstract: A. HAUNGS, W.D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BAHREN , K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI , M. BERTAINA, P.L. BIERMANN, J. BLUMER , H. BOZDOG, I.M. BRANCUS , M. BRUGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK , H. BUTCHER , A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A.G. DE BRUYN, C.M. DE VOS, F. DI PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, J. ENGLER, H. FALCKE , H. GEMMEKE , P.L. GHIA , H.-J. GILS, R. GLASSTETTER , C. GRUPEN, D. HECK, J.R.HORANDEL , A. HORNEFFER, T. HUEGE , K.-H.KAMPERT , G.W. KANT , H.O. KLAGES, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KROMER , J. KUIJPERS , S. LAFEBRE , G. MAIER, H.J. MATHES, H.J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA , C. MORELLO , M. MULLER, G. NAVARRA, S. NEHLS, A. NIGL , R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLAGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H.J. PEPPING , M. PETCU , J. PETROVIC , T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE , M. ROTH , H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA , M. STUMPERT , G. TOMA , G.C. TRINCHERO , H. ULRICH, J.VAN BUREN, W.VAN CAPELLEN , W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI , J.A. ZENSUS, D. ZIMMERMANN A Institut fur Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany B ASTRON Dwingeloo, The Netherlands C NIPNE Bucharest, Romania D Dpt di Fisica Generale dell’Universita Torino, Italy E Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany F Institut fur Experimentelle Kernphysik, Uni Karlsruhe, Germany, G Fachbereich Physik, Universitat Siegen, Germany H Dpt of Astrophysics, Radboud Uni Nijmegen, The Netherlands I IPE, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany J Ist di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario INAF, Torino, Italy K Fachbereich Physik, Uni Wuppertal, Germany L Radioastronomisches Institut der Uni Bonn, Germany M Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Lodz, Poland

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