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In the field of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), the most recent international consensus criteria of 2011 for diagnosis and variant classification have been shown not to capture accurately the whole range of PPA patients. Up to 30-40% of PPA patients appear not to satisfy the criteria of the three 'classical' PPA variants (non-fluent/agrammatic, logopenic, semantic) and are labelled either 'mixed PPA' or 'unclassifiable PPA'. Based on the PPA literature since 2011, this article discusses why patients might be under-diagnosed with respect to the three PPA variants, thus leading to the default concept of 'mixed/unclassifiable PPA' and, conversely, why the non-fluent/agrammatic variant appears to be over-diagnosed. It analyses and attempts to show how to resolve these issues, and it accordingly proposes clinical criteria, which are more inclusive to diminish the proportion of so-called mixed/unclassifiable PPA diagnoses and to reduce the proportion of questionable non-fluent/agrammatic diagnoses, which frequently correspond to progressive speech apraxia, rather than to aphasia.

International audience; Dementias, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular, will increasingly become a public health issue. However, three major data may change the severity of these pathologies: in young adults, simple measures of healthy lifestyle (control of vascular risk factors, physical activity and cognitive stimulation), have an impact on a future cognitive decline ; the same lifestyle interventions may delay the start of the disease for elderly people potentially at-risk; finally, and for the first time, a monoclonal antibody directed against amyloid lesions has just shown a significant effect on the progression of AD in patients at an early stage of the disease.According to these results, we will have to reconsider the strategy for managing minor or severe cognitive disorders and particularly AD. Nowadays, patients start the care process too late. The solution is to act earlier, even preventively. It is necessary to improve a care offer adapted to this new situation in order to impact on the disease as soon as possible, even before the onset of symptoms, based on: predictive algorithms aimed at establishing whose cognitively unimpaired individuals may further develop the disease. These algorithms will be based on demographic, family, cognitive, genomic and biological data, such as in the "Santé Cerveau" project developed in partnership with the Health Regional Agency (ARS) and the general practitioners; some expert centers must become "dementia prevention clinics" to test prevention measures, initiate and validate multi-domain therapeutic education programs, to disclose about the risk in response to the request of worried patients, and to propose early pharmacological treatments if these individuals are on the way to declare AD in the coming months, taking into account competition between risks. This will allow to prepare to make use of new pharmacological treatments that might be discovered.; Les démences et la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), en particulier, vont devenir de plus en plus un enjeu de santé publique. Trois données importantes peuvent cependant modifier le poids de ces pathologies : (1) de simples mesures d’hygiène de vie (contrôle de facteurs de risque vasculaire, activité physique et stimulation cognitive) instaurées chez les jeunes adultes ont un impact sur un déclin cognitif ultérieur ; (2) chez des sujets âgés à risque, ces mêmes dispositions retardent l’entrée dans la maladie et (3) enfin et pour la première fois, un anticorps anti-amyloïde aurait montré un effet significatif sur l’évolution de la MA chez des patients au stade débutant. Il ressort de ces travaux qu’il faut se préparer à reconsidérer la stratégie de prise en charge des troubles cognitifs, qu’ils soient mineurs ou majeurs, et de la MA en particulier. L’entrée des patients dans le parcours de soins reste aujourd’hui trop tardive. La solution est d’agir plus précocement, voire de façon préventive. Il faut développer une offre de soins adaptée à cette situation nouvelle afin d’agir sur la maladie le plus tôt possible, fondée sur : 1) des algorithmes prédictifs pour déterminer chez les sujets sans symptômes spécifiques ceux qui seront à risque de développer une pathologie dégénérative; ces algorithmes devront être mis au point à partir de données démographiques, familiales, cognitives, génomiques et biologiques, comme celles recueillies dans le projet « Santé-Cerveau » développé en partenariat avec l’ARS et les médecins généralistes ; 2) le renforcement des activités de prévention dans les 450 centres mémoire de proximité disponibles en France et les 26 CM2R et 3) la transformation de quelques-uns de ces centres experts en « cliniques de prévention de la démence » pour tester les mesures de prévention, initier des programmes d’éducation thérapeutique multidomaine et les valider, communiquer sur le risque, répondre à la demande de sujets inquiets et déterminer, chez ceux-ci, à l’aide des algorithmes, le niveau de risque qu’ils ont de déclarer une MA dans les mois et années qui viennent, en tenant compte de la compétition entre les risques. On peut ainsi se préparer à faire bénéficier précocement les uns et les autres des traitements pharmacologiques susceptibles d’exister.

The housing estates were built on the basis of the urban concept as a whole. These units can be viewed with a certain development potential, which they hide in the framework of a sustainable increase in the quality of life. All housing functions, not only in the housing estate, are decisive for the development of the whole society. In the sphere of housing, a person is born, formed and developed as a social and cultural being, therefore it is necessary to deal with the issue of identity, urbanity and the division of housing estates.

The subject of the paper is the elaboration of the topic of modeling and optimization of the reliability of systems for drinking water supply in the town of Hlucin and the adjacent villages Bobrovniky and Darkovicky. The paper points out modern ways of management and maintenance of these buildings, eg in the form of passportization, unification of various types of documentation, records of failures and accidents, etc. The aim is to point out possible ways to optimize these buildings and overall evaluation of the water supply network, including the suitable renewal schedule design. These practices are essential for the efficient operation of water supply networks, especially nowadays, when there is a shortage of water and it is necessary to promote sustainable urban development through its economical management.

This paper discusses some issues confronted in the design process of a system creating comprehensive situation awareness for a small country. We strive to merge the experience obtained in modelling and analyzing cyber-physical-social systems and the results published on situation awareness. For that, we develop a reasonably simple and efficient monitoring framework that enables to capture and analyze heterogeneous dynamic phenomena in a country. The final goal is to build a model for comprehensive situation awareness, which merges information from a feasible set of interoperable models, describing operation of country’s major institutions; and provides situational information for decision-makers at all required levels.

The Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL is a soft X-ray beamline aiming to unravel electronic, spin and structural properties of materials in ultrafast processes at the nanoscale. Various experimental techniques offered at SCS have different requirements in terms of beam size at the sample. Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) refocusing optics equipped with mechanical benders allows for independent change of the horizontal and vertical beam size. We report here on the first characterization of the SCS KB mirrors by means of a novel diffraction-based technique which images the beam profile on a 2D pixelated detector. This approach provides a quick characterization of micrometer beam sizes. Results are compared with metrology measurements obtained with a non-contact slope profiler.

High-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells typically include CdS buffer layers deposited in a chemical bath. In this work, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 devices are presented in which the CdS buffer layer was omitted completely. Instead, low-energy ion implantation of group-II-elements (Cd, Zn, and Mg) is applied in order to establish an n-type surface layer in p-type Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers. Therefore, thermal annealing procedures were developed which lead to a full recovery of the implantation induced defects and simultaneously minimize the diffusion of the dopants. Such a treatment is shown to provide high-quality p–n junction functionality and buffer-free Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells with open-circuit voltages close to 600 mV and efficiencies exceeding 10 %.

Despite the fact that high order harmonic generation (HHG) aims at serving as a table-top light source for imaging applications with extremely high spatial resolution, a general lack of accurate conversion efficiency measurements exists in the field. Here, we present such a measurement for a HHG setup with a semi-infinite gas cell. By combining measurements with a calibrated photodiode sensitive in the extreme ultra-violet (XUV) and spatially resolved spectral measurements of HHG spectra, we are able to determine conversion efficiencies of the HHG process as well as brilliance values for individual harmonics. The method is explained in detail and applicable to any target geometry.

Several axonal guidance molecules have a dual function in directing dendritic growth as well. UNC-6 (Netrin) in C. elegans is one such molecule. Here, Teichmann and Shen show how UNC-6's action in axon versus dendrite can be specified. Axons navigating through the developing nervous system are instructed by external attractive and repulsive cues. Emerging evidence suggests the same cues control dendrite development, but it is not understood how they differentially instruct axons and dendrites. We studied a C. elegans motor neuron whose axon and dendrite adopt different trajectories and lengths. We found that the guidance cue UNC-6 (Netrin) is required for both axon and dendrite development. Its repulsive receptor UNC-5 repelled the axon from the ventral cell body, whereas the attractive receptor UNC-40 (DCC) was dendritically enriched and promotes antero-posterior dendritic growth. Although the endogenous ventrally secreted UNC-6 instructs axon guidance, dorsal or even membrane-tethered UNC-6 could support dendrite development. Unexpectedly, the serine-threonine kinase PAR-4 (LKB1) was selectively required for the activity of the UNC-40 pathway in dendrite outgrowth. These data suggest that axon and dendrite of one neuron interpret common environmental cues with different receptors and downstream signaling pathways.

Strong-field ultrafast photoemission was studied by propagating surface plasmons generated on gold metal layer in Kretschmann configuration at 3.1 microns wavelength. Tunneling photoemission and electron acceleration was demonstrated at an unprecedently low laser intensity (1–5 GW/cm2).

Arterioureterale Fisteln, insbesondere zwischen Ureter und der A. iliaca communis, sind ein seltenes, aber u. U. durch lebensbedrohliche Hamaturien gekennzeichnetes Erkrankungsbild. In dieser Ubersicht wird anhand von 3 Fallen auf Risikofaktoren und Prognosen eingegangen sowie ein diagnostischer und therapeutischer Algorithmus aufgezeigt. Alle Patienten stellten sich mit akuter Hamaturie vor. Bei 2 Patienten lag ein Zustand nach Malignomoperation mit anschliesender Radiochemotherapie und DJ-Versorgung aufgrund der Ausbildung von Harnstauungsnieren vor. Die 3. iliakoureterale Fistel beobachten wir bei einer Patientin mit Zustand nach gefaschirurgischen Eingriffen und begleitender DJ-Versorgung. Die Diagnosesicherung erfolgte in 2 Fallen durch die CT, im 3. Fall angiografisch.

For applications to intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy, we study the spectral properties of a multimode Tm 3+ -doped silica fibre laser pumped by a diode laser. In cw operation, the emission spectrum of the fibre laser is typically 4 nm wide and can be tuned from 1.70 to 1.98 μm. It shows many absorption lines of H 2 O and CO 2 due to the presence of the atmosphere in the cavity. The strength of the lines corresponds to a 7 km effective absorption path length. With repetitively pulsed operation of the fibre laser, measurements of the spectral dynamics are carried out by a specially designed rapid-scan Fourier spectrometer. Highly sensitive detection of water vapour in the laser cavity is possible when tuning the laser to the strongest absorption near 1.9 μm, and by using photoacoustic detection combined with wavelength modulation.

We investigated nonlinear photoemission from plasmonic films with femtosecond, mid-infrared pulses at 3.1 μm wavelength. Transition between regimes of multi-photon-induced and tunneling emission is demonstrated at an unprecedentedly low intensity of

Attosecond pulses at photon energies that cover the principal absorption edges of the building blocks of materials are a prerequisite for time-resolved probing of the triggering events leading to electronic dynamics such as exciton formation and annihilation. We demonstrate experimentally the isolation of individual attosecond pulses at the carbon K-shell edge (284 eV) in the soft X-ray water window with pulse duration below 400 as and with a bandwidth supporting a 30-as pulse duration. Our approach is based on spatiotemporal isolation of long-wavelength-driven harmonics and validates a straightforward and scalable approach for robust and reproducible attosecond pulse isolation., Time-resolved probing of electronic dynamics such as exciton formation and annihilation requires attosecond pulses at photon energies covering the absorption edges of materials. Here, Silva et al. experimentally demonstrate spatio-temporal isolation of single-attosecond soft X-ray pulses in the water window.

We investigated nonlinear photoemission from plasmonic films with femtosecond, mid-infrared pulses at 3.1 μm wavelength. Transition between regimes of multi-photon-induced and tunneling emission is demonstrated at an unprecedentedly low intensity of

The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia is a syndrome with neuropsychological and linguistic specificities, including phonological loop impairment for which diagnosis is currently mainly based on the exclusion of the two other variants, semantic and nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia. The syndrome may be underdiagnosed due (1) to mild language difficulties during the early stages of the disease or (2) to being mistaken for mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease when the evaluation of episodic memory is based on verbal material and (3) finally, it is not uncommon that the disorders are attributed to psychiatric co-morbidities such as, for example, anxiety. Moreover, compared to other variants of primary progressive aphasia, brain abnormalities are different. The left temporoparietal junction is initially affected. Neuropathology and biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid, molecular amyloid nuclear imaging) frequently reveal Alzheimer's disease. Consequently this variant of primary progressive aphasia does not fall under the traditional concept of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. These distinctive features highlight the utility of correct diagnosis, classification, and use of biomarkers to show the neuropathological processes underlying logopenic primary progressive aphasia. The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia is a specific form of Alzheimer's disease frequently presenting a rapid decline; specific linguistic therapies are needed. Further investigation of this syndrome is needed to refine screening, improve diagnostic criteria and better understand the epidemiology and the biological mechanisms involved.

son with pathological changes in mice. Purpose: Aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of 7 F cryoprobes for percutaneous use morpho- and histologically, to examine the role of apoptosis after cryotherapy, and to compare contrast-enhanced MRI with histopathological findings at different time intervals in a tumor-mouse model. Methods: Percutaneous cryotherapy was performed in 15 immunocompromised nude mice with subcutaneously implanted tumors using the non-small-cell lung cancer cell line Lu 1. In group a) 7 mice were sacrificed after definite time intervals and histological examinations were done for evaluation of necrosis and apoptosis (HE; TUNEL assay); 2 mice are in long-term follow-up. In group b) in 6 mice tumor destruction and perfusion before and after freezing were investigated with native and contrast-enhanced MR imaging (T 1 - and T 2 -weighted spin-echo) and compared with histopathological findings. Histological control were done in 2 untreated mice. Results: We observed fast tumor-reduction within two weeks (ca. 50%). On long-term follow-up (> 6 months) no recurrence has been noticed so far. Tumors were well vascularized prior to treatment and did not-show contrast enhancement an any time after cryotherapy. A narrow contrast-enhanced zone was seen on the tumor border subcutaneously as a sign of peripheral hyperemia and central vascular stasis after cryotherapy. On histology there was evidence of both apoptosis and necrosis. Conclusion: We have established a tumor-mouse model for further investigations. Two minutes freezing of a 2-cm tumor in the mouse model is sufficient for tumor ablation with scarred healing. Apoptosis may play a role in cryotherapy of experimental tumors. Contrast-enhanced MRI is suitable for the estimation of the cryolasion.

Mutagenic and co-mutagenic effects of static, pulsed bipolar gradient, and high-frequency magnetic fields, as well as combinations of them, were examined using the Ames test. The Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, wild-type strain RTA, preincubation assay, without metabolic activation, was performed. All combinations of magnetic fields were tested with and without co-exposure to N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide, ethylene oxide, carboplatin, or cisplatin. As expected, chemical mutagens caused a clear-cut increase of the revertants in the Ames test. However, neither the static fields nor a combination of a static magnetic field with the time-varying bipolar gradient field or a pulsed high-frequency magnetic field caused an alteration in the number of revertants in the Ames test. No co-mutagenic effect of any magnetic field combination was observed. In conclusion, magnetic fields used during clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were neither mutagenic nor co-mutagenic. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:779–788. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Aim: To assess the potential mutagenic effect of static magnetic fields of 1.5 T and 7T, gradient fields and high frequency magnetic fields. Method: We used the Salmonella mutagenicity test (Ames test), which detects mutations in a gene of a histidine-requiring (his-) strain to produce a histidine-independent (his + ) strain. Exposure to a static magnetic field of 1.5 T and 7.2 T, in a bipolar magnetic gradient and additionally in a high frequency field took place with and without known genotoxic chemicals. Results: No differences in the number of revertants between the bacterial strains of exposed and control cells could be detected and the exposure with known genotoxic chemicals showed no significant difference in mutagenicity. Conclusion: In conclusion our data do not provide evidence that exposure to a static magnetic field exerts effects on the mutagenicity in our standard tester strains and whether the exposure took place in a diagnostic 1.5T MR scanner which is used in the clinical routine or at 7.2 T which is a much stronger field made no difference. Also an exposure in a gradient field or in a high frequency field did not show any alteration in the number of revertants.

Given an object with n points on its boundary where fingers can be placed, we give algorithms to select a ``strong'' grasp with the least number c of fingers (up to a logarithmic factor) using several measures of goodness. Along similar lines, given an integer c , we find the ``best'' κ c log c finger grasp for a small constant κ . In addition, we generalize existing measures for the case of frictionless assemblies of many objects in contact. We also give an approximation scheme which guarantees a grasp quality close to the overall optimal value where fingers are not restricted to preselected points. These problems translate into a collection of convex set covering problems where we either minimize the cover size or maximize the scaling factor of an inscribed geometric object L . We present an algorithmic framework which handles these problems in a uniform way and give approximation algorithms for specific instances of L including convex polytopes and balls. The framework generalizes an algorithm for polytope covering and approximation by Clarkson [Cla] in two different ways. Let $\gamma = 1/{\lfloor d/2 \rfloor}$ , where d is the dimension of the Euclidean space containing L . For both types of problems, when L is a polytope, we get the same expected time bounds (with a minor improvement), and for a ball, the expected running time is $O(n^{1+\delta} + (nc)^{1/(1+\gamma/(1+\delta))} + c \log(n/c) (c \log c)^{\lfloor d/2 \rfloor} )$ for fixed d , and arbitrary positive δ . We improve this bound if we allow in addition a different kind of approximation for the optimal radius. We also give bounds when d is not a constant.

We generate high order harmonics in the water window with CEP-stable pulses at 1.8 μm at 1 kHz repetition rate. We produce half-cycle cutoffs at 370 eV supporting isolated attosecond pulses of 60 as.

We produce CEP-dependent X-ray continua up to the oxygen edge (543 eV) through high harmonic generation driven by sub-2-cycle 1.85 μm pulses at 1kHz, supporting isolated attosecond pulses of 45 as in the water window.

Language disorders of degenerative origin are frequently tied to Alzheimer disease (AD) the different variants of which can result in primary and secondary aphasia syndromes. More specifically, Alzheimer pathology can primarily erode frontal, temporal or parietal language cortices resulting in three genuine AD language variants which account for about 30% of primary degenerative aphasias. Likewise, it can spread from non-language to language cortices leading to secondary language disorders like in typical amnesic AD and in several atypical AD variants. This paper reviews the whole set of AD variants by characterising their impact on the neural language system and on linguistic functioning. It also provides cues for diagnostic strategies which are essential for linguistic, syndromic and nosological patient classification, for adequate clinical follow-up and for guiding language rehabilitation. Such diagnostic approaches, founded on detailed linguistic phenotyping while integrating anatomical and neuropathological findings, also represent a crucial issue for future drug trials targeting the physio-pathological processes in degenerative aphasias.

Two-dimensional arrays of optical micro-traps created by microoptical elements present a versatile and scalable architecture for neutral atom quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and the manipulation of ultra-cold quantum gases. In this article, we demonstrate advanced capabilities of this approach by introducing novel techniques and functionalities as well as the combined operation of previously separately implemented functions. We introduce piezo-actuator based transport of atom ensembles over distances of more than one trap separation, examine the capabilities of rapid atom transport provided by acousto-optical beam steering, and analyze the adiabaticity limit for atom transport in these configurations. We implement a spatial light modulator with 8-bit transmission control for the per-site adjustment of the trap depth and the number of atoms loaded. We combine single-site addressing, trap depth control, and atom transport in one configuration for demonstrating the splitting of atom ensembles with variable ratio at predefined register sites. Finally, we use controlled sub-poissonian preparation of single trapped atoms from such an ensemble to show that our approach allows for the implementation of a continuous supply of single-atom qubits with high fidelity. These novel implementations and their combined operation significantly extend available techniques for the dynamical and reconfigurable manipulation of ultracold atoms in dipole traps.

We present a table top setup for time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate band structure dynamics of correlated materials driven far from equilibrium by femtosecond laser pulse excitation. With the electron-phonon equilibration time being in the order of 1–2 ps it is necessary to achieve sub-picosecond time resolution. Few techniques provide both the necessary time and energy resolution to map non-equilibrium states of the band structure. Laser-driven high-order harmonic generation is such a technique. In our experiment, a grating monochromator delivers tunable photon energies up to 40 eV. A photon energy bandwidth of 150 meV and a pulse duration of 100 fs FWHM allow us to cover the k-space necessary to map valence bands at different k z and detect outer core states.

We observe ring structures in high-order harmonics generated in the loose focusing geometry of a semi-infinite gas cell. Phase matching and absorption considerations indicate that the measured signal is restricted to the harmonics generated in the exit plane. We therefore attribute the ring structure to interferences in the single-atom response in the transverse exit plane of the interaction region. Calculations using the stationary phase approximation were used to analyze the contributions of the long and the short trajectories, respectively, and confirm our experimental findings. The simple setup makes quantum path interference measurements feasible without the need for special filtering mechanisms.

We study ionization of molecules by an intense laser field over a broad wavelength regime, ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 μm experimentally and from 0.6 to 10 μm theoretically. A reaction microscope is combined with an optical parametric amplifier to achieve ionization yields in the near-infrared wavelength regime. Calculations are done using the strong-field S-matrix theory and agreement is found between experiment and theory, showing that ionization of many molecules is suppressed compared to the ionization of atoms with identical ionization potentials at near-infrared wavelengths at around 0.8 μm, but not at longest wavelengths (10 μm). This is due to interference effects in the electron emission that are effective at low photoelectron energies but tend to average out at higher energies. We observe the transition between suppression and nonsuppression of molecular ionization in the near-infrared wavelength regime (1–5 μm).

We measure the far-field (angle-wavelength) spectrum of high order harmonics from a semi-infinite gas cell. Individual harmonics exhibit ring structures in space-time, which are attributed to the different quantum paths.

We investigate the low-lying compression modes of a unitary Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. For low polarization, the strong coupling between the two spin components leads to a hydrodynamic behavior of the cloud. For large population imbalance we observe a decoupling of the oscillations of the two spin components, giving access to the effective mass of the Fermi polaron, a quasi-particle composed of an impurity dressed by particle-hole pair excitations in a surrounding Fermi sea. We find $m^*/m=1.17(10)$, in agreement with the most recent theoretical predictions., 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL

The copropagation of ultrashort pump, Stokes, and anti-Stokes pulses is studied on the basis of a simple analytical model, taking into account the diffraction effects. The onset of transversal phase variations, radial energy flow, and pulse degradation is demonstrated for different initial pump profiles and different Fresnel numbers.

A workload reduction can only be achieved if the underlying operational concept ensures the best use of provided tools. In various ATM research projects multi sector planning has been identified as a key enabler to increase en-route productivity and capacity for the European ATM system. This paper describes the development of three multi sector planning concept configurations including an associated controller task matrix that provides an overview of changing task responsibilities and thus potential areas of workload decrease for the controller. The paper conclude that the introduction of multi sector planning is possible under all simulated traffic situations if a clear distribution of tasks and responsibilities between the controller team is introduced and the required redundancy for supervision of traffic is maintained.

Iliac-ureteral fistulas (IUF) are a rare but potential life threatening event and an important cause of gross hematuria. We report on three cases of IUF. In all cases, prior chronic ureteral stenting, extended pelvic surgery or pelvic irradiation had been performed. Diagnosis was confirmed with angiography in one case, in the others a CT scan revealed the IUF. Treatment included surgical exploration with local reconstruction, extra-anatomical bypass and nephrectomy with arterial patch repair. The increasing incidence of IUF is a consequence of an increasing number of advanced and extended pelvic operations, radiation therapy and long-term ureteral stenting. Diagnosis should be made by provocative angiography or CT. Treatment options vary depending on the site and morphology of the local situation, but morbidity and mortality is still high due to delayed adequate diagnosis and treatment. A conclusive algorithm should be followed for the successful management of IUF.

We present a semi-analytical treatment of both the elastic and inelastic collisional properties near a p-wave Feshbach resonance. Our model is based on a simple three channel system that reproduces more elaborate coupled-channel calculations. We stress the main differences between s-wave and p-wave scattering. We show in particular that, for elastic and inelastic scattering close to a p-wave Feshbach resonance, resonant processes dominate over the low-energy behaviour., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRA

We report the observation of three p-wave Feshbach resonances of 6 Li atoms in the lowest hyperfine state f =1/2. Thepositions of the resonances are in good agreement with theory. We study the lifetime of the cloud in the vicinity of the Feshbach resonances and show that, depending on the spin states, two- or three-body mechanisms are at play. In the case of dipolar losses, we observe a nontrivial temperature dependence that is well explained by a simple model. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.030702 In the presence of a magnetic field, it is possible to obtain a quasidegeneracy between the relative energy of two colliding atoms and that of a weakly bound molecular state. This effect, known as a Feshbach resonance, is usually associated with the divergence of the scattering length and is the key ingredient that led to the recent observation of superfluids from fermion atom pairs of 6 Li [1‐4] and 40 K [5] .U p to now these pairs were formed in s-wave channels but it is known from condensed matter physics that fermionic superfluidity can arise through higher angular momentum pairing: p-wave Cooper pairs have been observed in 3 He [6] and d-wave cooper pairs in high-Tc superconductivity [7]. Although Feshbach resonances involving p or higher partial waves have been found in cold atom systems [8‐10], p-wave atom pairs have never been directly observed. In this paper we report the observation of three narrow p-wave Feshbach resonances of 6 Li in the lowest hyperfine state f =1/2. We measure the position of the resonance as well as the lifetime of the atomic sample for all combinations uf =1/2, mfl + uf =1/2, m fl, henceforth denoted smf , m fd .W e show that the position of the resonances are in good agreement with theory. In the case of atoms polarized in the ground state s 1/2,1/2 d, the atom losses are due to threebody processes. We show that the temperature dependence of the losses at resonance cannot be described by the threshold law predicted by [11] on the basis of the symmetrization principle for identical particles. In the case of atoms polarized in s ˛1/2,˛1/2 d or that of a mixture s 1/2,˛1/2 d, the losses are mainly due to two-body dipolar losses. These losses show a nontrivial temperature dependence that can nevertheless be understood by a simple theoretical model with only one adjustable parameter. In the s 1/2,˛1/2 d channel, we take advantage of a sharp decrease of the two-body loss rate below the Feshbach resonance to present a first evidence for the generation of p-wave molecules.

Intense, femtosecond irradiation of atomic and molecular clusters can initiate Coulomb explosions, generating particle energies sufficient to drive nuclear fusion. Last and Jortner have proposed, based on particle dynamics simulations, that heteronuclear clusters with a mixture of heavy and light ions will not explode by the simple, equilibrium Coulomb model but that dynamic effects can lead to a boosting of energy of the lighter ejected ions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 033401 (2001)]. We present experimental confirmation of this theoretically predicted ion energy enhancement in methane clusters.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) is unique among cutaneous fungal infections caused by defects of the cell-mediated immune system. Infections with Candida albicans occur with increased frequency and severity among HIV-infected individuals. Oral candidiasis is the most common manifestation, superficial cutaneous infections of the dermis are rarely seen. We report a HIV-positive man from Cameroon presenting with generalized cutaneous papules and nodes, oral candidiasis, and soor esophagitis, who was successfully treated with fluconazole monotherapy.

Consider the problem of quantifying the quality of a multifinger grasp. The "traditional" grasp quality measures, which are based on inscribing a sphere in the set of wrenches which a grasp can resist, suffer from being dependent on the coordinate system of the object being grasped. In fact, we show that by changing the coordinate system, one can make these measures arbitrarily small. In this paper we generalize these measures in a natural way, and propose a new measure which is invariant under rigid motions of the object coordinate system. It is based on a certain class of ellipsoids which captures the changes in wrench space that occur.

Considers the problem of grasping an unknown polygonal flat object using a parallel jaw gripper. The authors propose to equip a standard gripper with several light-beam sensors (close to each jaw) and describe a reactive grasping algorithm. This is done by probing the object to locate a good grasp position, and then grasping, without moving the object significantly. The goal is to do as little motion as possible to find a grasp. This algorithm can be viewed in, a competitive framework, where the authors' algorithm is competing against any algorithm which already knows the object. >

To assess the potential mutagenic effect of static magnetic fields of 1.5 T and 7 T, gradient fields and high frequency magnetic fields.We used the Salmonella mutagenicity test (Ames test), which detects mutations in a gene of a histidine-requiring (his-) strain to produce a histidine-independent (his+) strain, Exposure to a static magnetic field of 1.5 T and 7.2 T, in a bipolar magnetic gradient and additionally in a high frequency field took place with and without known genotoxic chemicals.No differences in the number of revertants between the bacterial strains of exposed and control cells could be detected and the exposure with known genotoxic chemicals showed no significant difference in mutagenicity.In conclusion our data do not provide evidence that exposure to a static magnetic field exerts effects on the mutagenicity in our standard tester strains and whether the exposure took place in a diagnostic 1.5 T MR scanner which is used in the clinical routine or at 7.2 T which is a much stronger field made no difference. Also an exposure in a gradient field or in a high frequency field did not show any alteration in the number of revertants.