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Abstract A search for resonant absorption of solar axions by $$^{169}\mathrm {Tm}$$ 169Tm nuclei was carried out. A newly developed approach involving low-background cryogenic bolometer based on $$\mathrm {Tm}_{3} \mathrm {Al}_{5} \mathrm {O}_{12}$$ Tm3Al5O12 crystal was used that allowed for significant improvement of sensitivity in comparison with previous $$^{169}\mathrm {Tm}$$ 169Tm based experiments. The measurements performed with 8.18 g crystal during 6.6 days exposure yielded the following limits on axion couplings: $$|g_{A\gamma } (g_{AN}^0 + g_{AN}^3) \le 1.44 \times 10^{-14}\,{{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}}$$ |gAγ(gAN0+gAN3)≤1.44×10-14GeV-1 and $$|g_{Ae} (g_{AN}^0 + g_{AN}^3) \le 2.81 \times 10^{-16}$$ |gAe(gAN0+gAN3)≤2.81×10-16 .

ABSTRACT Ensuring the safety of the use of probiotics is a top priority. Obviously, in addition to studying the beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria, considerable attention should be directed to assessing the virulence of microorganisms as well as investigating the possibility of its evolution under conditions of selective pressure. To assess the virulence of probiotics, it is now recommended to analyze the genomes of bacteria in relation to the profiles of the virulome, resistome, and mobilome as well as the analysis of phenotypic resistance and virulence in vitro. However, the corresponding procedure has not yet been standardized, and virulence analysis of strains in vivo using model organisms has not been performed. Our study is devoted to testing the assumption that the development of antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria under conditions of selective pressure of antimicrobial drugs may be accompanied by the evolution of virulence. In this regard, special attention is required for the widespread in nature commensals and probiotic bacteria actively used in pharmacology and the food industry. As a result of step-by-step selection from the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 8p-a3 strain isolated from the “Lactobacterin” probiotic (Biomed, Russia), the L. plantarum 8p-a3-Clr-Amx strain was obtained, showing increased resistance simultaneously to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and clarithromycin (antibiotics, the combined use of which is widely used for Helicobacter pylori eradication) compared to the parent strain (MIC8p-a3-Clr-Amx of 20 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, and MIC8p-a3 of 0.5 μg/mL and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively). The results of a comparative analysis of antibiotic-resistant and parental strains indicate that the development of resistance to the corresponding antimicrobial drugs in L. plantarum in vitro is accompanied by the following: (i) significant changes in the genomic profile (point mutations as well as deletions, insertions, duplications, and displacement of DNA sequences) associated in part with the resistome and mobilome; (ii) changes in phenotypic sensitivity to a number of antimicrobial drugs; and (iii) an increase in the level of virulence against Drosophila melanogaster, a model organism for which L. plantarum is considered to be a symbiont. The data obtained by us indicate that the mechanisms of adaptation to antimicrobial drugs in L. plantarum are not limited to those described earlier and determine the need for comprehensive studies of antibiotic resistance scenarios as well as the trajectories of virulence evolution in probiotic bacteria in vivo and in vitro to develop a standardized system for detecting virulent strains of the corresponding microorganisms. IMPORTANCE Ensuring the safety of the use of probiotics is a top priority. We found that increased resistance to popular antimicrobial drugs in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is accompanied by significant changes in the genomic profile and phenotypic sensitivity to a number of antimicrobial drugs as well as in the level of virulence of this bacterium against Drosophila. The data obtained in our work indicate that the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium are not limited to those described earlier and determine the need for comprehensive studies of the potential for the evolution of virulence in lactic acid bacteria in vivo and in vitro and to develop a reliable control system to detect virulent strains among probiotics.

The article, written on the basis of data from the Russian and European archives, is the most complete biography of the famous figure of the Russian medical and veterinary science of the middle of the XIX century Friedrich Brauell, one of the pioneers of anthrax research. The article describes in detail the period of formation of F. Brauell as a scientist – his education received in Germany, visit to the Russian Empire for service, confirmation of academic degree received at homeland. His first steps in the field of teaching and science at Kazan University are discussed in details, his efforts to create a collection of anatomical preparations are described. The main part of the article is devoted to his work in Derpat (Tartu) Veterinary School, where he fully revealed his talent as a major organizer of scientific and educational activities. Particular attention is paid to its study of the problem of anthrax and plague. In addition, the article deals with the issues of his personal life and family for the first time. Thus, the material contained in the article can be useful for scientists studying the history of medicine, infectious diseases and veterinary medicine.

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Community-acquired pneumonia is not only a common pathology, but one of the main causes of death of the population. The aim of study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the causes of death from CAP in a highly affected region on HIV-infection due in 2017 compared to the year when HIV-infection began to be recorded in 2002. The cases of death of patients with CAP are analyzed in case histories in 2002 and 2017 in the pulmonology department of a large industrial center. In total, in the hospital in 2002, there were 1072 patients diagnosed with CAP, in 2017 there were 2327 patients. Mortality rate in 2002 was 2.6%, in 2017 - 1.1%. Analysis of mortality of patients with CAP for 2017 compared to 2002 showed that significant changes occurred: deaths from CAP in HIV-patients (in 2002 - 0%), increased detection of tuberculosis in 2017, died with tuberculosis 1.5% (2002 - 0%). The number of late visits and first aid calls has increased, more often men die, the age of the dead has decreased by almost 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of the problem considered is caused by the expanding hematological diseases, including malignancies of blood, among the adult population. The purpose of the paper is to study the prevalence of blood system diseases and scientific assessment of the system of hematological care for the adult population of the central region of European part of Russia. Leading approaches to the study of this problem are statistical and analytical methods that allow studying the dynamics and structure of the hematological pathology prevalence, and characterize the organization of hematological care. The prevalence of hematological diseases, including malignancies of blood, among the adult population of the central part of Russia increases in 2011-2015. Among the blood diseases, the prevalence of anemia practically did not change, and blood-clotting disorders, purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions increased by 36.8%. In the hematological pathology prevalence structure in 2015, anemia accounted for 78.4%, malignancies - 13.5%; blood-clotting disorders - 3.4%; disorders involving the immune mechanism - 2.6%; other pathologies - 2.1%. The system of organization of specialized hematological medical care for the adult population includes outpatient, inpatient substituting and inpatient care. There is an almost twofold increase in the scope of outpatient care and a decrease in the scope of 24-hour inpatient care over the past five years. One of the leading medical institutions providing specialized hematological care for the adult population is the clinics of the Medical University. The materials of the paper may be useful for health care organizers, hematologists, general practitioners in organizing hematological care for the population at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]