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In the context of the digital economy and the globalization of the social sphere, the introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process, as well as the legal regulation of distance education and assessing its quality are the most relevant. Mass quarantine restrictions associated with the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, on the one hand, challenged existing distance learning systems, on the other hand, created a serious impetus for its further development. The first goal of the study is to analyze the regulatory legal acts regulating distance education in the Russian Federation with a view to establishing its place and role in the educational process. The second goal of the study is to assess the quality of distance education in modern conditions. To achieve these goals, regulatory legal acts were analyzed, an assessment of distance education in the Russian Federation at the present stage was given, a system of indicators for assessing the quality of higher education was developed. To conduct the study, methods such as the deduction method, methods for calculating relative values and a graphical analysis method were used. Based on the study of normative legal acts, it was concluded that distance learning is an educational technology and, accordingly, can be used as a means of organizing the educational process in the implementation of the educational program for any form of training, including full-time, in accordance with local educational normative acts organization. At the same time, modern services for the implementation of distance learning have wide functional capabilities, which, if used correctly, allows achieving the proper level of quality. Based on the analysis of fundamental legal documents and available sources of information, the authors developed a system of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of higher education, which includes three groups of indicators: the quality of students, the quality of the teaching staff and the quality of the educational process.

The article is based on an important characterization task to accurately evaluate the properties of the layers, their interfaces with c-Si, and to select the best candidates to integrate them into a c-Si-based solar cell. The work has shown that GaP could be doped with n-type doping, thus providing a selective contact for the electrons, and has a significant valence band offset with c-Si, making it an excellent candidate as a selective contact, without requiring an additional ITO layer.

The optical spectra of nanostructured patterns with different degrees of order, obtained by dehydration self-assembly of nanoparticles in solution microdroplets placed on a planar substrate, have been analyzed. The reflectance spectrum of the best-ordered pattern contains a characteristic peak, the position of which is determined by the average lattice period in the layer. It is shown that the height of this peak depends on the degree of order of the pattern structure. Patterns with different degrees of order have been simulated using a software for modeling the self-assembly process, which takes into account the properties of particles, substrate, and solvent, as well as the contact line dynamics during solvent evaporation. A peak occurs in the reflectance spectrum due to the resonance Rayleigh scattering in the ordered layer. The described technique for optical diagnostics can be used to analyze the degree of particle order in a pattern.

To determine the possibility of using the serum proinflammatory calcium-binding protein, or calgranulin C (S100A12), to assess activity and therapeutic efficiency in patients with periodic disease (PD) and other familial periodic fevers (FPFs).Thirty-five patients with PD and other FPDs, which were verified by molecular genetic study, were examined. In accordance with the disease activity, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The investigators determined the concentration of S100A12 by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay and that of other acute-phase inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERT), neutrophil counts, and fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations).The serum concentration of S100A12 in the stage of disease activity was 466.7 (265.22--851.7) ng/ml, which was significantly higher than in remission (244.29 (118.93--409.85) ng/ml (p=0.000002). The highest S100A12 concentrations were noted in the patients with PD; these were 758.95 (434.80--1035.95) ng/ml; the S100A12 level in the majority of PD patients even during remission remained moderately higher. An investigation of the relationship of A100A12 to genetic variants found no differences between the patients homozygous for M694V and those with other genotypes (p=0.37). Estimation of the time course of therapy-induced changes in the serum S100A12 concentration revealed its considerable reduction (р=0.0018). However, normalization of S100A12 levels was not achieved in PD. The remaining increased S100A12 concentration in these patients may be suggestive of the activity of PD despite the absence of its clinical manifestations. S100A12 as a highly sensitive marker allows more exact evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of therapy. The S100A12 identification of the subclinical activity of autoinflammatory diseases made all the more important since traditional inflammatory markers, such as ERT, CRP, fibrinogen, and leukocyte counts, are less sensitive for these purposes. In our study, these markers were within the reference range in remission. No differences were found in the S100A12 levels between the groups with and without amyloidosis (p=0.62).S100A12 is a highly sensitive marker for the activity of autoinflammatory diseases and the efficiency of their therapy. The serum level of S100A12 in PD may be used to diagnose the subclinical activity of inflammation, which is of importance in monitoring the risk of amyloidosis.Цель исследования. Определение возможности использования сывороточного провоспалительного белка, связывающего кальций, или кальгранулина С (S100A12), для оценки активности и эффективности лечения пациентов с периодической болезнью (ПБ) и другими семейными периодическими лихорадками (СПЛ). Материалы и методы. Обследовали 35 больных ПБ и другими СПЛ, подтвержденными молекулярно-генетическим методом. В зависимости от активности заболевания больных разделили на 2 группы. Определяли концентрацию белка S100A12 (методом твердофазового иммуноферментного анализа) и других острофазовых маркеров воспаления (скорость оседания эритроцитов - СОЭ, количество нейтрофилов, концентрация фибриногена и С-реактивного белка - СРБ). Результаты. Концентрация S100A12 в сыворотке крови в стадию активности заболевания составила 466,7 (265,22; 851,7) нг/мл, что достоверно выше, чем в ремиссию, - 244,29 (118,93; 409,85) нг/мл (p=0,000002). Самые высокие концентрации S100A12 отмечены нами у больных ПБ - 758,95 (434,80; 1035,95) нг/мл, даже во время ремиссии уровень S100A12 у большинства больных ПБ сохранялся умеренно повышенным. При исследовании зависимости концентрации S100A12 от генетического варианта различий между гомозиготами M694V и больными с другими генотипами не выявлено (р=0,37). При оценке динамики концентрации S100A12 в сыворотке в результате лечения выявлено значительное снижение его уровня (р=0,0018). Однако при ПБ нормализации уровня S100A12 не достигнуто. Сохраняющаяся повышенная концентрация S100A12 у этих больных может свидетельствовать об остаточной активности ПБ, несмотря на отсутствие ее клинических проявлений. S100A12, являясь высокочувствительным маркером, позволяет более точно оценивать противовоспалительный эффект терапии. Выявление субклинической активности аутовоспалительных заболеваний с помощью S100A12 тем более важно, что традиционные показатели воспаления (СОЭ, СРБ, фибриноген, уровень лейкоцитов) менее чувствительны для этих целей. В нашем исследовании в период ремиссии болезни эти показатели не выходили за референтные значения. Различий по уровню S100A12 между группами больных амилоидозом и без него не выявлено (p=0,62). Заключение. S100A12 является высокочувствительным маркером активности и эффективности терапии аутовоспалительных заболеваний. При ПБ уровень S100A12 в сыворотке может быть использован для диагностики субклинической активности воспаления, что важно для мониторирования риска развития амилоидоза.

Steel 24Kh2G2NMFB is studied after carburizing and different heat treatments. The hardness and microhardness of the surface layer and of the matrix are measured. The content of retained austenite is determined by the method of x-ray diffraction analysis. Heat treatment modes improving the structure of the surface layer after carburizing are suggested.

A scalable technology for applying metallization to GaP/Si photovoltaic structures for mass production was explored. The study of Ag-based contacts, which are obtained by screen-printing of silver past followed by subsequent annealing, are presented in this paper. Contact resistance measurements are done using the TLM method. The developed contacts have demonstrated excellent performance even in comparison with the vacuum deposition technology, which is the basis for using the developed technology of forming contacts in industry.

Processes of surface hardening in low-carbon martensitic steel 24Kh2G2NMFTB under carburizing and subsequent quenching from the intercritical temperature range are studied. Special features of formation of reverted austenite with high strength and stability are considered.

Autoinflammatory disease (AID) is a new concept formulated from the results of studying the pathogenesis of familial periodic fevers, a heterogeneous group of genetically determined diseases characterized by causelessly recurrent exacerbations of the inflammatory process due to genetically determined disorders of innate immunity and accompanied by uncontrolled hypersecretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1). These mechanisms were a basic model for understanding a wide range of rheumatologic and other inflammatory diseases of the internal organs. The late diagnosis of AIDs and their ineffective treatment increase the risk for the development and progression of secondary AA amyloidosis. Elaboration of both clinical and effective laboratory criteria for diagnosing autoinflammation is of great importance for determining the tactics of anti-inflammatory therapy and prevention of complications.Аутовоспалительные заболевания (АВЗ) - новое понятие, сформулированное по результатам изучения патогенеза семейных периодических лихорадок - гетерогенной группы генетически детерминированных заболеваний, характеризующихся беспричинно повторяющимися обострениями воспалительного процесса вследствие генетически детерминированных нарушений врожденного иммунитета и сопровождающихся бесконтрольной гиперсекрецией интерлейкина-1 (IL-1). Эти механизмы оказались базовой моделью для понимания широкого круга ревматологических и других воспалительных заболеваний внутренних органов. Поздняя диагностика АВЗ и их неэффективное лечение увеличивают риск развития и прогрессирования вторичного АА-амилоидоза. Для определения тактики противовоспалительной терапии, предотвращения осложнений большое значение имеет разработка как клинических, так и эффективных лабораторных критериев диагностики аутовоспаления.

The structure of surface layer in low-carbon martensitic steel 12Kh2G2NMFT obtained by carburizing followed by high-temperature tempering and quenching from the intercritical temperature range is investigated.

The paper describes a case of imported babesiasis caused by Babesia microti. This is an account of the second case of babesiasis in the Russian-language medical literature. Its clinical picture and laboratory data in the course of the disease are depicted and analyzed. Its clinical differential diagnosis with malaria and an update on the diagnosis and treatment of babesiasis are discussed.

Using a set of approaches based on the use of molecular cytogenetic markers (DAPI/C-banding, estimation of the total area of DAPI-positive regions in prophase nuclei, FISH with 26S and 5S rDNA probes) and the microsatellite (SSR-PCR) assay, we studied genomic polymorphism in 15 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties from different geographic regions belonging to three directions of selection (oil, fiber, and intermediate flaxes) and in the k-37 x Viking hybrid. All individual chromosomes have been identified in the karyotypes of these varieties on the basis of the patterns of differential DAPI/C-banding and the distribution of 26S and 5S rDNA, and idiograms of the chromosomes have been generated. Unlike the oil flax varieties, the chromosomes in the karyotypes of the fiber flax varieties have, as a rule, pericentromeric and telomeric DAPI-positive bands of smaller size, but contain larger intercalary regions. Two chromosomal rearrangements (chromosome 3 inversions) were discovered in the variety Luna and in the k-37 x Viking hybrid. In both these forms, no colocalization of 26S rDNA and 5S rDNA on the satellite chromosome was detected. The SSR assay with the use of 20 polymorphic pairs of primers revealed 22 polymorphic loci. Based on the SSR data, we analyzed genetic similarity of the flax forms studied and constructed a genetic similarity dendrogram. The genotypes studied here form three clusters. The oil varieties comprise an independent cluster. The genetically related fiber flax varieties Vita and Luna, as well as the landrace Lipinska XIII belonging to the intermediate type, proved to be closer to the oil varieties than the remaining fiber flax varieties. The results of the molecular chromosomal analysis in the fiber and oil flaxes confirm their very close genetic similarity. In spite of this, the combined use of the chromosomal and molecular markers has opened up unique possibilities for describing the genotypes of flax varieties and creating their genetic passports.

The paper considers a rare clinical case of severe Q fever in a young man with no compromised premorbid background. It describes and analyzes clinical manifestations and laboratory findings with consideration for the current data available in the literature. The issues of the differential diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of Q fever are discussed.В статье рассматривается редкий клинический случай тяжелого течения Q-лихорадки у молодого человека без отягощенного преморбидного фона. Даются описание и анализ клинических проявлений и результатов лабораторных исследований с учетом современных данных литературы. Обсуждаются вопросы дифференциальной диагностики, лабораторной диагностики и лечения Q-лихорадки.

Aim. The aim of this study was to develop of genomic biotechnology for the assessment and selection of the linssed breeding material by a complex of genes controlling the ratio of fatty acids in seeds oil to the creation of a new linseed variety. Methods. Breeding studies were combined with molecular-genetic studies. Results. We developed the genomic biotechnology to detect the mutant alleles of linseed fad3A and fad3B genes responsible for reduced α-linolenic acid levels in linseed oil. Using this biotechnology, it was possible to classify plants as homozygous mutant, homozygous wild type, or heterozygous at fad3A and fad3B loci, that can be used to breed new linseed varieties of food or industrial quality. Conclusions. By results of 3-year molecular-genetic and breeding studies the variety "Dar" was created with using the developed genomic biotechnology of an assessment and selection of linseed breeding material by a complex of the genes controlling the ratio of fatty acids in seeds oil.Keywords: linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), α-linolenic acid, fatty acid desaturase, fad3 genes.