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Aim. To analyze the relation of alcohol consumption level with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in the population of Kemerovskaya Oblast.Material and methods. The study was performed under the framework of multicenter epidemiological trial ESSE-RF in Kemerovskaya Oblast, with 1628 participants with the age 25-64 y.o. The data was analyzed concerning the prevalence, volume and type of alcohol beverages by the respondents, as the prevalence of a range of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. By original formulae, total volume was calculated of the consumed alcohol in units of the “safe” ethanol dose (24 grams) with further grouping to “non consuming” and consuming “moderately”, “in-between” and “over”.Results. Overconsumption of alcohol, comparing to non-consumers, is associated with high risk of hypercholestrolemia (OR 1,76; 95% CI: 1,12-2,75), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 2,69: 1,52-4,77), body overweight (OR 1,68: 1,04-2,71), smoking (OR 2,24: 1,48-3,41). The relation of low physical activity with alcohol consumption is found in all grades. Increase of the mean daily ethanol dosage is positively linearly related with the risk of arterial hypertension (OR 1,04: 1,11-2,75), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1,06: 1,01-1,12), increased level of low density lipoproteins (OR 1,09: 1,02-1,16), smoking (OR 1,17: 1,10-1,24), low physical activity (OR 1,09: 1,02-1,16). There is U-shaped and upside-down J-shaped relation for the level of psychological risk factors (stress, anxiety, depression) and volumes of consumed alcohol. By the considered cardiovascular diseases it can be noted only, the existence of statistically non-significant (0,1>р>0,05) tendency to decrease myocardial infarction risk and stroke in anamnesis, with the increase of the consumed alcohol volumes comparing to non-drinkers.Conclusion. The study shows that overconsumption of alcohol, as the increase of mean daily dosage of ethanol are associated with the range of cardiovascular risk factors. There is U-shaped and upside-down J-shaped relation of psychoemotional risk factors with the volumes of consumed alcohol. By the considered cardiovascular dseases, there are no significant relations for the level of consumed alcohol, however, there is non-significant tendency for myocardial infarction and stroke risk factors diminishing in the anamnesis, with the increase of consumed alcohol volumes.

Life quality (LQ) is an integrated parameter of the health, applied for integral characterization of population health, and as the parameter of healthcare interventions effectiveness.Aim. To assess LQ in Russian population at the age 25-64 y. o. in general and in various socio-economical groups using EQ-5D, by the results of ESSE-RF (2012-2013) study.Material and methods. LQ was assessed on representative selections of inhabitants of 13 Russian Federation regions, aged 25-64 (males 8327, females 13497) with response 80%. LQ was assessed via international questionnaire EUROQOL — EQ-5D: 1) no decline; 2) mild decline; 3) significant decline; scoring also performed with visualanalogue scale (VAS). Integral LQ by EUROQOL performed with Shaw JW et al. method (ranging from 0,0 (death) to 1,0 (perfect health)).Result. EQ-5D index of Russian population was 0,87 with no gender difference. By the increase of the age LQ declines. Educational gradient of LQ was significant only in VAS (p

Aim. To assess rate of familiarity and specifics of treatment with statins among the citizens of economically active age with various cardiovascular risk by the data from epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Different Russian Federation Regions). Material and methods. In the work the data from ESSE-RF study was used, of representative selection of non-organized male and female inhabitants aged 25-64 y.o. from 13 regions, investigated during 2012-2014. Responded ~80%. The study included questionning by standard scale that included data on the anamnesis, etc. Lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol of lipoproteids low and high density were measured at SSRCPM and RSPCC.Results. Analysis of the whole selection showed that 20% of men and 32% of women knew their TC, and 13,6% and 18,2% were even familiar having increased level of TC. Part of those with high and very high risk was 31,3%, incl. men — 42,2%, women — 30,9%. Statins took ~7,0% of patients from this risk category. Effectiveness of treatment (target levels reached of low density cholesterol) in these groups of men and women was 14,4% and 4,8%, respectively.Conclusion. The data obtained in populational study points on insufficient knowledge and low rate of statin treatment of the persons with high and very high cardiovascular risk in RF, which confirms the anxiety provoking data of registries and other studies. The data dictates necessity of development and implementation of specific educational programs for citizens, of physician improvement and availability of cheap but effective lipid-lowering medications.

Aim. Analysis of the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors depending on occupation.Material and methods. Under the multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Russian Federation) the questioning performed and 1627 persons investigated in Kemerovo Region at the age 25-64 y.o. Two comparison groups were created: employed (n=1214), unemployed (n=413). The data obtained on the occupation and cardiovascular risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, cholesterol level, lipoproteids, glucose, anamnesis of cardiovascular diseases and real presence of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD) by Minnesota criteria, and angina pectoris by Rose score. In statistical processing, with the aim to relieve age differences of the groups we standardized by the age via direct method, and in regression analysis there was a parameter "age".Results. In employed men there was statistically significant lower prevalence of smoking — among workers 40,2%, unemployed 52,6% (p=0,011). CHD in anamnesis in 5,4% and 11,9%, resp. (p=0,0047), arterial hypertension — 47,9% and 57,1%, resp. (p=0,043), angina by Rose score — 5,3% and 13,6%, resp. (p=0,00001), CHD by Minnesota code — 5,0% and 9,2%, resp. (p=0,048), CHD by 3 epidemiological criteria — 9,4% and 20,4%, resp. (p=0,00020). In women employment was related to lower prevalence of smoking — 15,4% among workers, 22,4% — unemployed (p=0,038) and CHD by Minnesota code —5,4% and 9,6%, resp. (p=0,019). Occupational status for men leads to the decrease of arterial pressure by 3,4 mmHg in average (p=0,051), increase of total cholesterol concentration by 0,231 mmol/L (p=0,041), and in women — increase of HDL by 0,135 mmol/L (p=0,0024).Conclusion. Better cardiovascular health do have employed people comparing to unemployed: tendency is stronger in men. The results reflect common tendency of the higher level of health among employed young inhabitants comparing to unemployed.

Aim. To study the prevalence of ischemic heart disease as one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, together with arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver diseases (LD) in adult (25-64 y.o.) population of selected RF regions, the variance of those with gender and age, and association of cardiovascular risk factors (FR).Material and methods. Into analysis we included the results of representative selections studies from 13 RF regions, studied according to the program of multicenter study ESSE-RF during the years 2012­2014; totally 21923 patients studied. Investigation included standard questioning, including anamnesis. For statistics we used applied software SAS.Results. In men the prevalence of IHD is associated with the growth of comorbidity from 0 in the age group 25-34 y. to 77% in the age 55-64 y., almost duplicating every decade. For women there is analogic tendency, less prominent. In men there are significant associations only with AH, which increases the risk of IHD 2,5 times, though in women together with AH the associations are significant for LD. Comorbidities with DM do not influence the prevalence of IHD in men and women. At the same time, any association with two diseases increases the risk of IHD >304 times. The most negative is the association of all three diseases, with which IHD is 8,7 times more prevalent, than in their absence. Using multidimensional logistic regression after correction for the age and comorbidity in the patients with IHD of both genders, there are associations revealed of high density cholesterol lipoproteids (HDL) in blood and abdominal obesity. In men there are also positive associations with smoking and negative — with increased cholesterol.Conclusion. Comorbidities of IHD with AH, DM and LD in adult population are common, are associated with the general FR, are increasing with the age. Taking modern tendencies of population ageing, it is plausible to expect an increase of the prevalence of comorbidities, that requires a necessity of the healthcare services to these changes.

Aim. To study social and economic gradients — educational and occupational statuses, wealth level, behavioral risk factors (FR) in Russian population by the ESSE-RF data.Material and methods. The data for the analysis consisted of representative selections of 13 regions of RF (n=22906) participants of the study, incl. men (n=8353) and women (n=13553) of 25-64 y.o., with response 80%. We calculated the odds ratios for the presence of behavioral FR: smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity (IPA), nonrational food consumption, anxiety and depressive disorders, — in persons from different social and economic groups by education level, type of inhabitation, professional status, wealth level.Results. Higher education was associated with better FR profile, except IPA (negative association) and alcohol consumption (absence of association). "White in general had less FR probability than Blue, excl. IPA and psychoemotional deviations (in men). As for the wealth association with the FR there is backward gradient, i.e. lesser the income, higher the risk of FR presence, excl. IPA and excessive alcohol intake in women. For example, in very wealthy men the odds ratio for depressive states was 3,09 [95% CI 2,08-4,57] comparing to the persons with low income. The type of territory of inhabitance was associated with less behavioral FR in Russian population, as significant associations are found only for depression and excessive salt consumption in both genders and IPA in men. Conclusion. The significant social and economic gradients of behavioral FR prevalence are found, the direction of those is not necessary the same as in European countries. The analysis of association with social and economic parameters would help to develop the directed preventive interventions.

Nowadays cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death of the population nearly in all over the world. According to WHO data, this kind of pathology will keep its leading positions in future, that is presupposed by ageing of population and urbanization processes. The main aim of current review is gathering and analysis of the data on the influence of urbanization on the prevalence of cardiovascular pathology and risk factors. It is revealed that urbanization of territories, together with active socio-economical processes is ambivalent in its influence on the health. Also in developed countries the positive aspects of living in large cities (result of complex active actions for the fight with risk factors) prevail negative (negative ecological situation), that engines a decline of the mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases. In developing countries, contrary, urbanization is linked with higher risk of adverse outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. It marked that not so many fatherland studies available, focused on the complex influences of urbanization processes on population health and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. All this together creates the fundamentals for novel approaches to study of the problem in modern society.

The problem of contamination of the lower layer of the atmosphere in Western Siberia remains relevant more than half a century. The territory of the city of Kemerovo, a major industrial center with well-developed coal-chemical complex is an obvious example of antropotechnogenous burden on the environment and the health of the population with its climatic and geographical, weather and economic features. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structure of chemical contamination during 2005-2011 years, their interaction and the allocation of the factors that determine the ecological zoning on the example of the city of Kemerovo to identify the role of chemical pollution on the health of the population. Factor analysis revealed two latentfactors that determine the structuring of chemical pollution of the city of Kemerovo, in accordance with the wind rose and the chemical nature of the contaminants. The research shows the negative influence of chemical pollution on the health of the population of the city of Kemerovo.

Aim. To rank the subjects of the Russian Federation by the trend direction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (including mortality from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases) as a whole and at able-bodied age. Subjects and methods. The investigation used mortality rates from to the 2006 and 2012 data available in the Federal State Statistics Service on 81 subjects of the Russian Federation. According to mortality rates, each region was assigned a rank in 2006 and 2012. Trends in rank changes in the Russian Federation’s regions were analyzed. A cluster analysis was used to group the subjects of the Russian Federation by trends in rank changes. Results. The cluster analysis of rank changes from 2006 to 2012 could combine the Russian Federation’s regions into 10 groups showing the similar trends in all-cause and circulatory disease mortality rates. Overall, the results of the ranking and further clusterization of the regions of the Russian Federation correspond to the trends in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates according to the data of other Russian investigations, by qualitatively complementing them. Conclusion. The trend rank-order method permits a comprehensive comparative analysis of changes in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the subjects of the Russian Federation both as a whole and at able-bodied age, which provides qualitatively new information complementing the universally accepted approaches to studying the population’s mortality.