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Using the multidimensional analysis conducted on a corpus of 40 texts, this positivist study investigates the linguistic variation between philosophical fiction and non-fiction prose writings based on the scores of five dimensions calculated by MAT software. It uses the functional mapping of linguistic items to justify the differences in the dimension scores of both categories. The study finds that score difference on dimension three named explicit versus situation-dependent is quite significant because philosophical non-fiction is highly explicit in references. It hints at the independent status of the two types of writing as sub-genres of the philosophical prose.

Herein, we report the existence of a novel semiconductor–metal–semiconductor type transition in Fe3O4 nanoparticles by employing impedance spectroscopy techniques.

Now a day’s multidrug resistance phenomenon has become the main cause for concern and there has been an inadequate achievement in the development of novel antibiotics to treat the bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an unmet need to search for novel adjuvant. Vitamin C is one such promising adjuvant. The present study was aimed to elucidate the antibacterial effect of vitamin C at various temperatures (4°C, 37°C and 50°C) and pH (3, 8, and 11), against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at various concentrations (5-20 mg/ml) through agar well diffusion method. Growth inhibition of all bacterial strains by vitamin C was concentration-dependent. Vitamin C significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis (25.3 ± 0.9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.0 ± 0.6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria: Proteus mirabilis (27.67 ± 0.882 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.33±0.9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.0 ± 1.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (18.3 ± 0.3 mm). The stability of vitamin C was observed at various pH values and various temperatures. Vitamin C showed significant antibacterial activity at acidic pH against all bacterial strains. Vitamin C remained the stable at different temperatures. It was concluded that vitamin C is an effective and safe antibacterial agent that can be used in the future as an adjunct treatment option to combat infections in humans. Resumo Agora, a resistência antimicrobiana de um dia em patógenos aos antibióticos tornou-se a principal causa de preocupação e houve uma realização inadequada no desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos para tratar infecções bacterianas. Portanto, há uma necessidade de pesquisar um novo adjuvante, e a vitamina C é um desses adjuvantes promissores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar o efeito antibacteriano da vitamina C em diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C) e pH (3, 8 e 11), contra Gram-positivos e Gram-cepas bacterianas negativas em várias concentrações (5-20 mg / ml) através do método de difusão em ágar bem. A inibição do crescimento de todas as cepas bacterianas pela vitamina C era dependente da concentração. A vitamina C inibiu significativamente o crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas: Bacillus licheniformis (25,3 ± 0,9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22,0 ± 0,6 mm), Bacillus subtilis (19,3 ± 0,3 mm) e bactérias Gram- negativas: Proteus mirabilis (27,7 ± 0,9 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21,3 ± 0,9 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18,0 ± 1,5 mm) e Escherichia coli (18,3 ± 0,3 mm). A estabilidade da vitamina C foi observada em vários valores de pH e várias temperaturas. A vitamina C mostrou atividade antibacteriana significativa em pH ácido contra todas as cepas bacterianas. A estabilidade da vitamina C permaneceu nas mesmas diferentes temperaturas (4 °C, 37 °C e 50 °C). Concluímos que a vitamina C é um agente antibacteriano eficaz e seguro que pode ser usado no futuro como uma opção de tratamento auxiliar para combater infecções em humanos, pois pode apoiar o sistema imunológico diretamente.

Using the multidimensional analysis conducted on a corpus of 40 texts, this positivist study investigates the linguistic variation between philosophical fiction and non-fiction prose writings based on the scores of five dimensions calculated by MAT software. It uses the functional mapping of linguistic items to justify the differences in the dimension scores of both categories. The study finds that score difference on dimension three named explicit versus situation-dependent is quite significant because philosophical non-fiction is highly explicit in references. It hints at the independent status of the two types of writing as sub-genres of the philosophical prose.

A Sahiwal breed heifer calf of ~ 5-month age was presented with numerous warts of varying sizes principally on head, face and neck. The history and clinical examination were suggestive of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. The animal was treated medically with an alternative medicine: Thuja occidentalis 30X. The warts regressed completely after two months of treatment with Thuja occidentalis, suggesting this medicine can be used to treat warts in bovines successfully.

This study employs a semi-analytical approach, called Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM), to analyze a coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission model of fractional order. The proposed method employs Caputo's fractional derivatives and Reimann-Liouville fractional integral sense to solve the underlying model. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first application of an optimal homotopy asymptotic scheme for better estimation of the future dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our proposed fractional-order scheme for the parameterized model is based on the available number of infected cases from January 21 to January 28, 2020, in Wuhan City of China. For the considered real-time data, the basic reproduction number is R0 ≈ 2.48293 that is quite high. The proposed fractional-order scheme for solving the COVID-19 fractional-order model possesses some salient features like producing closed-form semi-analytical solutions, fast convergence and non-dependence on the discretization of the domain. Several graphical presentations have demonstrated the dynamical behaviors of subpopulations involved in the underlying fractional COVID-19 model. The successful application of the scheme presented in this work reveals new horizons of its application to several other fractional-order epidemiological models. © 2021 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

Background: Ludwig’s angina is a rapidly expanding cellulitis involving the floor of mouth and sub mandibular space predominantly due to dental / periodontal infections. Aim: To determine the management outcomes in the patients of Ludwig’s Angina. Place and duration of study: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Duration was two years from August 2018 to July 2020. Study design: Hospital based cross sectional descriptive type of study Methodology: Patients of any age and gender who were clinically diagnosed as Ludwig angina and required hospitalization during the study duration were included in the study. Data regarding age, gender underlying cause, mode of presentation, treatment and complications were collected and analyzed. Patients with mild infection who did not require hospital admission were excluded from the study. Results: Out of total 32 cases, 20(62.5%) were males and 12(37.5%) were females. Age range was 10 to 70 years. In 28 (87.5%) cases, the cause was dental infection. All patients presented with pain and swelling of sub mandibular region. Four (12.5%) patients were improved with conservative treatment while 28(87.5%) underwent incision and drainage. Two (6.25%) patients needed tracheostomy. One (3.1%) patient developed complication (mediastinitis) and could not revive. Conclusion: Ludwig's angina is a disease of any age and gender commonly seen among the patients of preexisting dental infection. It can be life threatening if presented late with complication. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment decrease morbidity and mortality. Key words: Angina, Ludwing, Cellulitis, Submandibular region.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the functional outcomes and mean duration of union in femoral shaft fracture in children treated with elastic intra-medullary nailing. Study Design:Retrospective Place and Duration: Conducted at Orthopaedic Unit Ayub Medical Teaching Institute Abbottabad and District Headquarter Teaching Hospital Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan for duration from May 2020 to January 2021 (09 months). Methods: Total sixty eight patients with age ranges between 5-12 years were presented in this study. Patients detailed demographics age, sex and BMI were calculated after taking informed written consent. Complete patients were treated with elastic intramedullary nailing. Radiological assessment was done. Mean union time and complications associated to procedure were examined. Functional outcomes were analyzed according to the Flyn’s criteria. Follow-up was taken at 8 months postoperatively. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Out of 68 patients, there were 48 (68.6%) males and 20 (31.4%) females. Most of the patients 41 (60.35) were aged between 8-12 years and the rest 27 (39.65%) were between 5-8 years.34 (50%) fractures were caused because of road accidents, falling from height were 20 (29.41%), due to sports were 10 (14.70%) and 4 (5.9%) were due to simple fall. 32 (47.06%) patients had left side fracture and 36 (52.94%) had right side fracture. Mean union time among patients was 4.14±2.72 months and there was no any case of non union. According to Flyn’s criteria, 50 (73.53%) cases had excellent results, 14 (20.6%) patients had good and fair results were among 4 (5.9%) cases. Complications were observed bone stiffness, delayed union and varus deformity among all cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study thatElastic intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children is safe and effective treatment modality. Union of bone achieved all the patients and majority of patients had excellent functional outcomes. Keywords: Femoral shaft fractures, Children, Elastic intra-medullary nail

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the outcomes between percutaneous cross pinning vs two lateral pinning in treatment of closed reduction supracondylar fracture of humerus in children. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: Study was conducted in Orthopaedic Unit Ayub Medical Teaching Institute Abbottabad and DHQ Teaching Hospital Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan during from October 2019 to May 2020 (09 months duration). Methods: Total 60 patients of both genders were presented in this study. Baseline demographically details of patients age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking consent. Patients were aged between 2-14 years were included. Children who had supracondylar humerus fractures were enrolled and divided equally into 2-groups. Group I had 30 patients and received percutaneous cross pinning technique and group II had 35 patients underwent for lateral pinning. Radiological and functional results were assessed by Flynn’s criteria among both groups, frequency of complications was also observed. Complete date was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Total 36 (60%) were males (18 in each group) and 24 (40%) were females (12 in each group. Mean age of the patients in group I was 6.14±3.12 years and in group II mean age was 5.66±5.28 years. Sports 45 (75%) was the most common cause of fracture followed by traffic accidents 10 (16.67%) and the rest were 5 (8.33%) fall from the height. Mean surgical time in group I was 31.24±2.16 minutes while in group II mean time was 33.42±1.61 minutes. Mean radiation time in group I was 2.01±1.1 sec and in group II radiation time was 1.34±1.1 sec. According flynn’s criteria excellent results were found in 20 (66.7%) cases, good results in 8 (26.7%) and fair results found in 2 (6.7%) while in group II excellent results were found in 19 (63.33%), good results in 9 (30%) and fair results in 2 (6.7%). Significantly no any difference in outcomes was observed among both groups. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the both techniques are safe and effective for the treatment of closed reduction supracondylar fracture of humerus in children but less operative and high radiation time was observed in percutaneous cross pinning as compared to two lateral pinning. Keywords: Percutaneous cross pinning, Two lateral pinning, Supracondylar humerus fracture, Children

In this work, we examine the time-fractional fourth-order parabolic partial differential equations with the aid of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The 2nd order approximate results obtained by using the suggested scheme are compared with the exact solution. It has been noted that the results achieved via OHAM have a large convergence rate for the problems. The solutions are graphically analyzed, and the relative errors are presented in tabular form.

The study of inflation through different prospects is being done for specific model of scalar f ( T ) gravity in two phases such as attractor ( n s ( N ) − 1 ∝ N − 1 ) and slow roll parameterizations. In the presence of these ingredients, we evaluate all inflationary parameters such as scalar spectral index, tensor to scalar ratio r and running of scalar spectral index and local non Gaussianity parameter. We also develop the inflationary planes n s − N , r − N , d n s d ln κ − N , d n s d ln κ − n s and f N L − n s . These planes show the viability of our outcomes with Planck data 2018.

We consider the ergodic (or additive eigenvalue) problem for the Neumann-type boundary-value problem for Hamilton–Jacobi equations and the corresponding discounted problems. Denoting by uλ the solution of the discounted problem with discount factor λ > 0, we establish the convergence of the whole family to a solution of the ergodic problem as λ → 0, and give a representation formula for the limit function via the Mather measures and Peierls function. As an interesting by-product, we introduce Mather measures associated with Hamilton–Jacobi equations with the Neumann-type boundary conditions. These results are variants of the main results in a recent paper by Davini et al., who study the same convergence problem on smooth compact manifolds without boundary.

This paper is devoted to discuss the attractor solutions of inflationary Chaplygin gas models such as generalized Chaplygin gas, modified Chaplygin gas and generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas in the framework of Randall–Sundrum type II braneworld scenario. We investigate the inflationary parameters like scalar spectral index [Formula: see text], tensor to scalar ratio [Formula: see text], and the running of scalar index [Formula: see text] as a function of e-folding numbers [Formula: see text] in the presence of attractor: [Formula: see text]. We evaluate and reformulate these parameters under high energy condition. In this inflationary scenario, we develop [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] planes. We also found that these cosmological parameters and perturbation strongly agree with the recent Planck data 2018 for considered Chaplygin gas models instead of [Formula: see text] in case of generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas.

By assuming generalized nonlinear and linear interaction term between dark matter and dark energy, we investigate the cosmic accelerated expansion of the universe. For this reason, we suppose a flat fractal universe platform as well as Tsallis holographic dark energy model. The Hubble horizon is being adopted as an infrared cutoff and extracted different cosmological parameters as well as plane. It is observed that equation-of-state parameter exhibits the quintom-like nature while ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) lies in thawing and freezing regions for different parametric values for both the cases. Furthermore, the squared sound speed shows stable behavior for nonlinear interaction term but shows the partially stable behavior for linear term. For both cases, the deceleration parameter leads to the accelerated phase of the universe and the consequences are comparable with observational data. The results for [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane, leads to the quintessence and phantom region of the universe for nonlinear case while this plane represents the Chaplygin gas behavior for linear term. The [Formula: see text] diagnostic also shows the satisfying results.

Recently, Tsallis, R\'{e}nyi and Sharma-Mitall and entropies have widely been used to study the gravitational and cosmological setups. We consider a flat FRW universe with linear interaction between dark energy and dark matter. We discuss the dark energy models using Tsallis, R\'{e}nyi and Sharma-Mitall entropies in the framework of Chern-Simons modified gravity. We explore various cosmological parameters (equation of state parameter, squared sound of speed ) and cosmological plane ($\omega_{d}-\omega_{d}'$, where $\omega_{d}'$, is the evolutionary equation of state parameter). It is observed that the equation of state parameter gives quintessence-like nature of the universe in most of the cases. Also, the squared speed of sound shows stability of the models for Tsallis, R\'{e}nyi dark energy model while unstable behavior for Sharma-Mitall dark energy model. The $\omega_{d}-\omega_{d}'$ plane represents the thawing region for all dark energy models., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, to appear in AHEP

We consider boundary stabilization for a one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli equation with boundary moment control and disturbance. The active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and sliding mode control (SMC) approaches are adopted in investigation. By the ADRC approach, a state feedback disturbance estimator with time-varying gain is designed to estimate the disturbance. It is shown that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable by canceling the disturbance in the feedback loop with its online estimation. In the second part, the SMC is applied to reject the disturbance. The well-posedness of the closed-loop system via SMC is proven, and the monotonicity of the "reaching condition" is presented without differentiating the sliding mode function which may not always exist for the weak solution. The numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the convergence and the peaking value reduction caused by the constant high gain. In addition, the control energies are compared numerically for two approaches.

We study the dynamical boundary value problem for Hamilton-Jacobi equations of the eikonal type with a small parameter. We establish two results concerning the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equations: one concerns with the convergence of solutions as the parameter goes to zero and the other with the large-time asymptotics of solutions of the limit equation.

The illustration of cosmic acceleration is being presented in the framework of DGP braneworld and dynamical Chern–Simons modified gravity in the presence of casual Israel–Stewart formalism. In this way, we discuss the evolution parameter which leads to the accelerated expansion of the universe in the phantom as well as quintessence region for both gravities. The squared speed of sound [Formula: see text] leads to the stable behavior of the current physical system in both gravities in the later epoch. Also, the entropy variation, as well as thermal equilibrium condition, remains valid in both frameworks at the present and later epoch.

In this article, Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) is used to approximate results of time-fractional order Fokker-Planck equations. In this work, 3rd order results obtained through OHAM are compared with the exact solutions. It was observed that results from OHAM have better convergence rate for time-fractional order Fokker-Planck equations. The solutions are plotted and the relative errors are tabulated.

Genetic diversity in crops is essential to make improvements related to superior germplasms. Implementation of molecular markers to identify suitable genotypes speeds up the breeding progress by enhancing selection efficiency. This study was carried out to probe genetic diversity among 21 maize genotypes using 20 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. We identified a total of 190 polymorphic bands with an average of 9.5 alleles per primer. The highest number of polymorphic bands (17) was found using ISSR marker UBC-10, whereas the lowest number of polymorphic bands (4) was found using UBC-809. The coefficient of genetic similarity ranged from 0.888 to 0.118%. The highest similarity was found between accessions 12 (015224) and 9 (015114), whereas the lowest similarity was found between genotypes 20 (EV-5098) and 14 (015030). The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.17 to 0.47. A dendrogram was generated based on Jaccard's distance matrix. The genotypes were found to group into two major clusters that could be further partitioned into two sub-clusters. Genotypes located within the same cluster are genetically more closely related to each other. The present study efficiently identified diverse genotypes that may be used for creating new varieties with distinct characteristics. The identified genotypes could be used as parents for future development of diverse populations.

In this research paper, we address the issues of expansion and gravitational collapse of anisotropic spherical source in the presence of cosmological constant. For this purpose, we have solved the Einstein field equations with gravitating source and cosmological constant. The absence of radial heat flux in the gravitating source provide the parametric form of two-metric functions in terms of a single-metric function. The expansion scalar and the mass function of the gravitating source is evaluated for the given metric. The trapping condition is applied to mass function which implies the existence of horizons, like the horizons of Schwarzschild de-Sitter black holes. The trapping condition provides the parametric form of the unknown metric function. The value of expansion scalar has been analyzed in detail to see its positivity and negativity, which correspond to expansion and collapse, respectively. So, the values of parameter [Formula: see text] for which expansion scalar is positive have been used to analyze the other physical variables including density, pressures and anisotropy. The same quantities have been evaluated for the values of [Formula: see text] that result in the negative values of expansion scalar leading to collapse. The effects of positive cosmological constant have been noted in both expansion and collapse solutions. Due to the presence of cosmological constant after collapse, there would occur inner and outer horizons or a unique horizon depending on the value of mass of the gravitating source.

There is not enough information available on drought-modulated gene(s) in Gossypium arboreum, which can be a valuable gene pool for improving modern cotton cultivars. In the present work, differential display reverse transcriptase PCR (DDRT) was used to compare overall differences in gene expression between water-stressed and control plants. By screening 93 primer-pair combinations, the DDRT technique resulted in upregulation of 30 cDNA transcripts. Through reamplification and quality control assay, ten cDNA transcripts appeared false positive. The remaining 20-cDNA transcripts were extracted from the gel, reamplified, cloned and sequenced. Homology search revealed that six transcripts showed significant homology with known genes. Real-time RT-PCR showed that, among six transcripts, five showed significant overexpression in water-stressed leaves as compared to control. This is an important finding since there are only few reports of universal stress protein, and transposable elements are available in plants but none in cotton under drought condition.

The data on 575 records of 270 Holstein Friesian and 818 records of 326 Jersey cows maintained in Punjab, Pakistan were analyzed. The cows were grouped into imported Holstein Friesian, imported Jersey, Farm born Holstein Friesian and farm born Jersey cows. Lactation milk yield of farm born Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows was significantly (P

It is well-known that the solution of Hamilton-Jacobi equation may have singularity i.e., the solution is non-smooth or nearly non-smooth. We construct a frozen Jacobian multi-step iterative method for solving Hamilton-Jacobi equation under the assumption that the solution is nearly singular. The frozen Jacobian iterative methods are computationally very efficient because a single instance of the iterative method uses a single inversion (in the scene of LU factorization) of the frozen Jacobian. The multi-step part enhances the convergence order by solving lower and upper triangular systems. The convergence order of our proposed iterative method is 3(m-1) for m>=3. For attaining good numerical accuracy in the solution, we use Chebyshev pseudo-spectral collocation method. Some Hamilton-Jacobi equations are solved, and numerically obtained results show high accuracy.

Error prone wireless channel induces error bursts in transmitted data frames and renders the frames unable to be decoded. Prevalent error control techniques work to combat the error effect through pre- or post- transmission control measures like FEC, ARQ, HARQ etc. All of these techniques induce some sort of processing and retransmission delay in net transmission duration. On other hand, applications transmitting multimedia contents and especially video contents are highly delay sensitive and exhibit hard real time requirements. However, a little degradation in quality of reconstructed video frames can be compromised for better throughput and minimized time delays. The idea of trade off between video quality and throughput has been proposed in this paper; implemented through a +modification to IEEE 802.11 frame format such that certain fields are marked to designate a frame as a video frame. Such designated frames are proposed to be treated differently from normal data frames in order to enhance video throughput and reduce transmission time delay. Results achieved are quite promising; although video frames with high motion contents possess degraded signal quality but perceptually the results seem satisfactory.