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International audience; The integration of drones as base stations has shown to be a potential approach for the future mobile communication systems. Hence, this emerging technology is currently being investigated within the 3GPP standardization community with the main objective of improving coverage and capacity in dense urban areas. Nevertheless, in order to provide adequate coverage for users, it is necessary to find the optimal location of the Drone-BS. This work proposes a novel approach forthe Drone-BS in 5G communication systems, using the meta-heuristic algorithm. Firstly, we analyse the downlink coverage probability according to SINR by using stochastic geometry. Afterwards, we apply the Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm in order to find the optimal Drone-BS placement under coverage probability constraint.

Mitochondrial diseases result from inherited or spontaneous mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, leading to an impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation responsible for the synthesis of ATP. To date, there are no effective pharmacological therapies for these pathologies. We performed a yeast-based screening to search for therapeutic drugs to be used for treating mitochondrial diseases associated with dominant mutations in the nuclear ANT1 gene, which encodes for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Dominant ANT1 mutations are involved in several degenerative mitochondrial pathologies characterized by the presence of multiple deletions or depletion of mitochondrial DNA in tissues of affected patients. Thanks to the presence in yeast of the AAC2 gene, orthologue of human ANT1, a yeast mutant strain carrying the M114P substitution equivalent to adPEO-associated L98P mutation was created. Five molecules were identified for their ability to suppress the defective respiratory growth phenotype of the haploid aac2M114P. Furthermore, these molecules rescued the mtDNA mutability in the heteroallelic AAC2/aac2M114P strain, which mimics the human heterozygous condition of adPEO patients. The drugs were effective in reducing mtDNA instability also in the heteroallelic strain carrying the R96H mutation equivalent to the more severe de novo dominant missense mutation R80H, suggesting a general therapeutic effect on diseases associated with dominant ANT1 mutations.

This study is based upon the functionalization of polypropylene (PP) by radical polymerization to optimize its properties by influencing its molecular weight. Grafting of PP was done at different concentrations of maleic anhydride (MAH) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The effect on viscosity during and after the reaction was studied by torque rheometer and melt flow index. Results showed that a higher concentration of BPO led to excessive side-chain reactions. At a high percentage of grafting, lower molecular weight product was produced, which was analyzed by viscosity change during and after the reaction. Percentage crystallinity increased by grafting due to the shorter chains, which consequently led to an improvement in the chain’s packing. Prepared Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAH-g-PP) enhanced interactions in PP-PET blends caused a partially homogeneous blend with less voids.

The biotechnological potential of nine decay fungi collected from stored beech logs at a pulp and paper factory yard in Northern Iran was investigated. Beech blocks exposed to the fungi in a laboratory decay test were used to study changes in cell wall chemistry using both wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju caused greater lignin breakdown compared to other white-rot fungi, which led to a 28% reduction in refining energy. Trametesversicolor caused the greatest glucan loss, while P. ostreatus and L. sajor-caju were associated with the lowest losses of this sugar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicated that white-rot fungi caused greater lignin degradation in the cell walls via the oxidation aromatic rings, confirming the chemical analysis. The rate of cellulose and lignin degradation by the T.versicolor and Pleurotus species was high compared to the other decay fungi analyzed in this study. Based on the above information, we propose that, among the fungi tested, P. ostreatus (27.42% lignin loss and 1.58% cellulose loss) and L. sajor-caju (29.92% lignin loss and 5.95% cellulose loss) have the greatest potential for biopulping.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Porous Nanomaterials for Energy and Environment., The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method is a well-known deposition technique for the fabrication of ordered monolayer and multilayer thin films of nanomaterials onto different substrates that plays a critical role in the development of functional devices for various applications. This paper describes detailed studies about the best coating configuration for nanoparticles of a porous metal-organic framework (MOF) onto both insulating or conductive threads and nylon fiber. We design and fabricate customized polymethylmethacrylate sheets (PMMA) holders to deposit MOF layers onto the threads or fiber using the LB technique. Two different orientations, namely, horizontal and vertical, are used to deposit MIL-96(Al) monolayer films onto five different types of threads and nylon fiber. These studies show that LB film formation strongly depends on deposition orientation and the type of threads or fiber. Among all the samples tested, cotton thread and nylon fiber with vertical deposition show more homogenous monolayer coverage. In the case of conductive threads, the MOF particles tend to aggregate between the conductive thread’s fibers instead of forming a continuous monolayer coating. Our results show a significant contribution in terms of MOF monolayer deposition onto single fiber and threads that will contribute to the fabrication of single fiber or thread-based devices in the future., We acknowledge the financial support from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. K.N. Salama would like to acknowledge the funding from AMPM center under the CCF grant. We thank the KAUST Sensor Initiative and KAUST visiting student program for supporting this work. Also, the research leading to these results has received funding from Spanish MINECO and FEDER (projects MAT2016-78257-R and MAT2017-86826-R), and the Aragón Government (DGA) and FEDER (research group E31_17R).

In this work, nanostructured TiO2 and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) layers were electrochemically prepared over transparent electrodes. Morphological characterization evidenced the presence of nanostructures as planed with 50-nm-wide TiO2 rod formations followed by 30-nm-wide PEDOT wires. Different characterizations were made to the deposits, establishing their composition and optic properties of the deposits. Finally, photovoltaic cells were prepared using this modified electrode, proving that the presence of PEDOT nanowires in the cell achieves almost double the efficiency of its bulk analogue.

Debido a la creciente exigencia de la industria automovilística por aligerar el peso del vehículo e incrementar la seguridad, han surgido nuevos grados de acero de alta resistencia. Los aceros bainíticos libres de carburos, por sus buenas propiedades mecánicas, son candidatos a formar parte de la tercera generación de aceros avanzados de alta resistencia. Este tipo de acero se produce principalmente en forma de chapa en líneas de recocido continuo o galvanizado, por lo que las diferentes variables del proceso influyen de manera notable, tanto sobre su microestructura final como en las propiedades mecánicas. Esta tesis se ha centrado en el estudio de dos aceros bajo carbono con matriz bainitica aleados respectivamente con silicio y cromo. En primer lugar, se han analizado las cinéticas de transformación de ambos aceros durante su permanencia en la región bainítica y se ha estudiado en detalle la evolución microestructural de ambos con las variables del ciclo térmico. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se han realizado ensayos de dilatometría donde se ha variado la temperatura de austenización, la velocidad de enfriamiento y la temperatura y tiempo de mantenimiento en la región bainitica. Además, ha sido necesario desarrollar una metodología para la preparación metalográfica de las muestras y la cuantificación de las fases que componen la microestructura a través de diferentes técnicas (óptico, FEG-SEM, EBSD y rayos X). En segundo lugar, se han estudiado las propiedades mecánicas de estos aceros atendiendo a tres puntos. En el primero, se ha tenido en cuenta el comportamiento mecánico de cada uno de los microconstituyentes: bainita, martensita de bajo carbono, martensita de alto carbono y austenita retenida. En concreto, se ha medido la dureza a través del empleo de la técnica de nanoindentación y se ha relacionado esta propiedad con las variables del proceso.Con el objeto de profundizar en las relaciones microestructura-proceso-propiedades mecánicas, se han realizado una serie de ensayos de tracción sobre las muestras extraídas de chapas recocidas en el simulador de recocido vertical que posee el CEIT. Estos ensayos, junto a otros ensayos incluidos dentro del proyecto Baseform, proyecto en el que se enmarca esta tesis, han dado lugar a una gran variabilidad de limite elástico, resistencia a la tracción y elongaciones. Esto ha permitido realizar un análisis exhaustivo de las relaciones entre propiedades mecánicas, microestructura y procesamiento. Además de las propiedades a tracción, como tercer punto, se ha estudiado la conformabilidad. La baja conformabilidad en frio y los problemas de agrietamiento de borde de los aceros multifásicos son las principales desventajas que presentan los aceros multifásicos. Por ello, se busca de manera incesante el modo de evitar estos problemas e incrementar la conformabilidad. En este trabajo se han empleado los resultados de los ensayos de expansión de orificio (HET), obtenidos dentro del proyecto Baseform, con ellos se mide de forma indirecta la conformabilidad, con el objeto de relacionar esta propiedad con la microestructura y así mejorarla a través de la optimización de la microestructura. Con el objeto de profundizar en las relaciones microestructura-proceso-propiedades mecánicas, se han realizado una serie de ensayos de tracción sobre las muestras extraídas de chapas recocidas en el simulador de recocido vertical que posee el CEIT. Estos ensayos, junto a otros ensayos incluidos dentro del proyecto Baseform, proyecto en el que se enmarca esta tesis, han dado lugar a una gran variabilidad de limite elástico, resistencia a la tracción y elongaciones. Esto ha permitido realizar un análisis exhaustivo de las relaciones entre propiedades mecánicas, microestructura y procesamiento. Además de las propiedades a tracción, como tercer punto, se ha estudiado la conformabilidad. La baja conformabilidad en frio y los problemas de agrietamiento de borde de los aceros multifásicos son las principales desventajas que presentan los aceros multifásicos. Por ello, se busca de manera incesante el modo de evitar estos problemas e incrementar la conformabilidad. En este trabajo se han empleado los resultados de los ensayos de expansión de orificio (HET), obtenidos dentro del proyecto Baseform, con ellos se mide de forma indirecta la conformabilidad, con el objeto de relacionar esta propiedad con la microestructura y así mejorarla a través de la optimización de la microestructura.Por último, se han realizado ensayos de tracción sobre diferentes geometrías de probeta para estudiar cómo evoluciona la microestructura con la deformación y cómo y dónde se produce el daño en el acero con alto contenido en Si. Se ha analizado la evolución de la austenita retenida, afectada por el efecto TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) y de la matriz bainítica, tanto en la región de deformación uniforme como dentro de la zona de estricción. Además, se ha evaluado los lugares donde se originan las cavidades y como tiene lugar la fractura. New grades of high strength steels have emerged in response to the growing demand of the automobile industry to lighten the weight and increase the safety. Carbide free steels are candidates to be part of the third AHSS steels due to their good mechanical properties. They are produced in the form of sheet and in a continuous annealing or galvanized, therefore the process conditions have an important influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties. This dissertation is focused on the study of two low carbon steels with bainitic matrix, one alloyed with silicon and another with chromium. Firstly, phase transformation kinetics and microstructural evolution of both steels as function of the process conditions has been analysed. In order to perform this study, dilatometry tests have been performed varying the austenitization temperature, cooling rate and temperature and time in the bainitic region. It was necessary to develop a methodology for the sample preparation and phase quantification with several techniques (optical, FEG-SEM, EBSD, X-ray diffraction).Secondly, the mechanical properties of these steels have been studied according to three points. Firstly, mechanical properties, specifically, the hardness of the phases, which compound the microstructure: bainite, low carbon martensite, high carbon martensite and retained austenite has been measured and associated with the processing conditions. Nanoindentation technique has been used to carry out this study. In order to evaluate the relationship between the microstructure, process conditions and mechanical properties, several tensile tests were carried out on the samples extracted from annealed sheets in the vertical annealing simulator that CEIT has. These tests together with the tests included in the project Baseform, project in which this thesis is framed, have led to a great variability of yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. This has allowed an in-depth analysis of the relationships between mechanical properties, microstructure and processing. In addition, formability has been studied. The low cold-formability and the problem of edge cracking are the principal disadvantages of the multiphase steel. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to the improvement in these properties. In this work, hole expansion test (HET) have been performed, in which formability is measured in an indirect way. These results have been related with microstructure with the purpose of understand the relationship to improving the formability.Lastly, tensile tests on specimens with different geometries have been performed to study how the microstructure evolves with the strain and how and where the damage is produced in high silicon steel. The bainitic matrix and retained austenite evolution have been analysed in the uniform and necking region. Retained austenite is affected by the TRIP effect (Transformation Induced Plasticity). Furthermore, the preferred sites where voids are originated and how the fracture is has been evaluated.

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