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Resumen: La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) afecta prácticamente a un tercio de la población mundial. México es uno de los países cuya población reúne varios factores de riesgo para esta enfermedad y su prevalencia podría superar el 50%; es por eso que el panorama a mediano plazo es muy pesimista si no se toman acciones inmediatas para contrarrestar lo que ya se considera un problema de salud nacional.De ahí el interés de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología y de la Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología para realizar el Consenso mexicano de EHGNA, en el cual se hizo una revisión actualizada y a fondo de temas como epidemiología, fisiopatología, formas clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento, con el objetivo de ofrecer al médico mexicano una herramienta útil para la prevención y el manejo de esta enfermedad. Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects nearly one third of the population worldwide. Mexico is one of the countries whose population has several risk factors for the disease and its prevalence could surpass 50%. If immediate action is not taken to counteract what is now considered a national health problem, the medium-term panorama will be very bleak.This serious situation prompted the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología to produce the Mexican Consensus on Fatty Liver Disease. It is an up-to-date and detailed review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical forms, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, whose aim is to provide the Mexican physician with a useful tool for the prevention and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Palabras clave: Enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico, Consenso mexicano, Keywords: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mexican consensus

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects nearly one third of the population worldwide. Mexico is one of the countries whose population has several risk factors for the disease and its prevalence could surpass 50%. If immediate action is not taken to counteract what is now considered a national health problem, the medium-term panorama will be very bleak.This serious situation prompted the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología to produce the Mexican Consensus on Fatty Liver Disease. It is an up-to-date and detailed review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical forms, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, whose aim is to provide the Mexican physician with a useful tool for the prevention and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Resumen: La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) afecta prácticamente a un tercio de la población mundial. México es uno de los países cuya población reúne varios factores de riesgo para esta enfermedad y su prevalencia podría superar el 50%; es por eso que el panorama a mediano plazo es muy pesimista si no se toman acciones inmediatas para contrarrestar lo que ya se considera un problema de salud nacional.De ahí el interés de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología y de la Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología para realizar el Consenso mexicano de EHGNA, en el cual se hizo una revisión actualizada y a fondo de temas como epidemiología, fisiopatología, formas clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento, con el objetivo de ofrecer al médico mexicano una herramienta útil para la prevención y el manejo de esta enfermedad. Keywords: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mexican consensus, Palabras clave: Enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico, Consenso mexicano

Introduction Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune disorder mediated largely by food antigens. It shares nonspecific symptoms with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). EoE is rarely reported in Mexico, perhaps due to the racial characteristics of the population or because of insufficient diagnostic suspicion. Aims Our aim was to describe a Mexican cohort with EoE and evaluate the usefulness of the clinical history and endoscopy in the EoE diagnosis, in comparison with GERD patients. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out on the clinical characteristics and endoscopic and histopathologic findings in patients with EoE, along with a case-control study on patients with GERD. The endoscopic images obtained were interpreted in a blind and randomized manner by 4 gastroenterologists, before and after providing them with information on the characteristic alterations of EoE. The esophageal biopsies were also blinded to 2 pathologists that evaluated their diagnostic correlation. The Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used in the statistical analysis. Results Fourteen patients with EoE were included in the study. Ten (71%) of them were men and the mean age of the patients was 35 years. There were more subjects with a personal history of asthma ( p = .0023) and food impaction ( p = 0.04) in the EoE group. The initial evaluation of the endoscopic findings showed 53% correct EoE interpretations and rose to 96% in the second revision (sensitivity 100%, specificity 71%, PPV 65%, NPV 100%). Conclusions Mexican patients with EoE have similar characteristics to those of patients in western case series. Clinical awareness of the disorder increases endoscopic diagnosis in up to 40% of cases.

ResumenIntroducciónLa esofagitis eosinofílica (EEo) es un padecimiento crónico e inmunológico mediado por antígenos habitualmente alimentarios. Comparte síntomas inespecíficos con la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). En México es rara vez reportada, tal vez por las características raciales de la población o por una sospecha diagnóstica insuficiente.ObjetivosDescribir una cohorte mexicana con EEo. Evaluar la utilidad de la historia clínica y de la endoscopia para diagnosticar EEo al compararla con ERGE.Material y métodosEstudio retrospectivo de las características clínicas, hallazgos por endoscopia e histopatología de pacientes con EEo. Se realizó además un estudio de casos y controles con ERGE. Las imágenes obtenidas por endoscopia fueron interpretadas de forma ciega y aleatorizada por 4 gastroenterólogos, antes y después de otorgarles información sobre las alteraciones características de la EEo. Las biopsias esofágicas también fueron cegadas a 2 patólogos para evaluar su correlación diagnóstica. El análisis estadístico fue elaborado por pruebas exacta de Fisher y U de Mann-Whitney.ResultadosSe incluyeron 14 pacientes con EEo, 10 (71%) del sexo masculino de 35 años en promedio. En el grupo de EEo hubo más sujetos con historia personal de asma (p=0.0023) e impactación alimentaria (p=0.04). La evaluación inicial de los hallazgos endoscópicos mostró el 53% de interpretaciones acertadas para EEo incrementando al 96% en la segunda revisión (sensibilidad 100%, especificidad 71%, VPP 65%, VPN 100%).ConclusionesLos pacientes con EEo en México tienen características similares a los de series occidentales. La sospecha clínica incrementa el diagnóstico por endoscopia hasta en un 40% cuando se mejora el conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad.AbstractIntroductionEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune disorder mediated largely by food antigens. It shares nonspecific symptoms with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). EoE is rarely reported in Mexico, perhaps due to the racial characteristics of the population or because of insufficient diagnostic suspicion.AimsOur aim was to describe a Mexican cohort with EoE and evaluate the usefulness of the clinical history and endoscopy in the EoE diagnosis, in comparison with GERD patients.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was carried out on the clinical characteristics and endoscopic and histopathologic findings in patients with EoE, along with a case-control study on patients with GERD. The endoscopic images obtained were interpreted in a blind and randomized manner by 4 gastroenterologists, before and after providing them with information on the characteristic alterations of EoE. The esophageal biopsies were also blinded to 2 pathologists that evaluated their diagnostic correlation. The Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsFourteen patients with EoE were included in the study. Ten (71%) of them were men and the mean age of the patients was 35 years. There were more subjects with a personal history of asthma (p=.0023) and food impaction (p=0.04) in the EoE group. The initial evaluation of the endoscopic findings showed 53% correct EoE interpretations and rose to 96% in the second revision (sensitivity 100%, specificity 71%, PPV 65%, NPV 100%).ConclusionsMexican patients with EoE have similar characteristics to those of patients in western case series. Clinical awareness of the disorder increases endoscopic diagnosis in up to 40% of cases.