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A theoretical analysis of the excitation of the giant resonances (GR) with high-energy protons (1 GeV) in 40 Ca and 56 Ni was undertaken. The GR were described in the RPA with the correct treatment of the continuum states. The spectrum of the GR appears to be rich, states with angular momenta up to 7 − being excited with significant intensity. The total cross section for the excitation of the GR exhausts an important part of the total inelastic cross sections.

It is shown that the single-particle mechanism gives a good qualitative description of deep inelastic scattering on nuclei (the EMC effect) at 0.2⩽x⩽0.6.