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It has been shown that spontaneous release of non-covalent flavins (from flavoenzymes) begins after isolation of mitochondria from rat liver, which is hydrolyzed to riboflavin. This process is stopped by 1 mM EDTA in the incubation medium. In the presence of NADH, deflavinization of flavoproteins leads to formation of superoxide by at least of three processes. The first of these occurs in complex I as a result of the spontaneous release of FMN from the active center. This process is inhibited by adenosine and guanosine phosphates, as well as NAD, but amplified by nicotinamide. The second process is associated with enzymatic hydrolysis of FAD and FMN to riboflavin; it is blocked by EDTA, AMP, NA, NAD. The third process is associated with non-enzymatic hydrolysis of FAD by iron ions in matrix; it is blocked by EDTA and AMP.

Summary The authors examined hydrocarbon systems in the Eastern and Central Ciscaucasia. A 3D geological model of the sedimentary cover of the region is shown. A volumetric model of the distribution of modern reservoir temperatures of the sedimentary cover of the Central and Eastern Ciscaucasia is demonstrated. The simulation results are consistent with the actual data obtained in the process of many years of exploration in the region, which emphasizes the correctness of the simulation.