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Non-blind rotary motion deblurring (RMD) aims to recover the latent clear image from a rotary motion blurred (RMB) image. The rotation center is a crucial input parameter in non-blind RMD methods. Existing methods directly estimate the rotation center from the RMB image. However they always suffer significant errors, and the performance of RMD is limited. For the assembled imaging systems, the position of the rotation center remains fixed. Leveraging this prior knowledge, we propose a geometric-based method for rotation center identification and analyze its error range. Furthermore, we construct a RMB imaging system. The experiment demonstrates that our method achieves less than 1-pixel error along a single axis (x-axis or y-axis). We utilize the constructed imaging system to capture real RMB images, and experimental results show that our method can help existing RMD approaches yield better RMD images.

We investigate the possibility and impacts of a first-order phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter in neutron stars (NSs) using two specific models: the parity doublet model (PDM) for the hadronic phase and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) type model for the quark phase. By combining these models, we construct hybrid equations of state (EOSs) that capture the transition between the two phases. We explore the parameter space of both models to identify the conditions under which a first-order phase transition can occur and study its effects on NS properties. We identify the suitable parameter space and constrain the onset density of the first-order phase transition. For $m_0$ = 500 MeV -- the chiral invariant mass in PDM, the phase transition occurs between 1.9$n_0$ and 2.95$n_0$ and ends between 2.1$n_0$ and 3.6$n_0$. Increasing $m_0$ to 600 MeV shifts the phase transition to higher densities, occurring between 2.9$n_0$ and 4.1$n_0$ and ending between 3.4$n_0$ and 4.6$n_0$.

The emergence of large vision models (LVMs) is following in the footsteps of the recent prosperity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in following years. However, there's a noticeable gap in structured research applying LVMs to human-robot interaction (HRI), despite extensive evidence supporting the efficacy of vision models in enhancing interactions between humans and robots. Recognizing the vast and anticipated potential, we introduce an initial design space that incorporates domain-specific LVMs, chosen for their superior performance over normal models. We delve into three primary dimensions: HRI contexts, vision-based tasks, and specific domains. The empirical evaluation was implemented among 15 experts across six evaluated metrics, showcasing the primary efficacy in relevant decision-making scenarios. We explore the process of ideation and potential application scenarios, envisioning this design space as a foundational guideline for future HRI system design, emphasizing accurate domain alignment and model selection.

Dementia has serious consequences for the daily life of the person affected due to the decline in the their cognitive, behavioral and functional abilities. Caring for people living with dementia can be challenging and distressing. Innovative solutions are becoming essential to enrich the lives of those impacted and alleviate caregiver burdens. This scoping review, spanning literature from 2010 to July 2023 in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), offers a comprehensive look at how interactive technology contributes to dementia care. Emphasizing technology's role in addressing the unique needs of people with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers, this review encompasses assistive devices, mobile applications, sensors, and GPS tracking. Delving into challenges encountered in clinical and home-care settings, it succinctly outlines the influence of cutting-edge technologies, such as wearables, virtual reality, robots, and artificial intelligence, in supporting individuals with dementia and their caregivers. We categorize current dementia-related technologies into six groups based on their intended use and function: 1) daily life monitoring, 2) daily life support, 3) social interaction and communication, 4) well-being enhancement, 5) cognitive support, and 6) caregiver support., Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures

We explore the new physics phenomena of gravidynamics governed by the inhomogeneous spin gauge symmetry based on the gravitational quantum field theory. Such a gravidynamics enables us to derive the generalized Einstein equation and an equation beyond it. To simplify the analyses, we linearize the dynamic equations of gravitational interaction by keeping terms up to the leading order in the dual gravigauge field. We then apply the linearized dynamic equations into two particular gravitational phenomena. First, we consider the linearized equations in the absence of source fields, which is shown to have five physical propagating polarizations as gravitational waves, i.e., two tensor modes, two vector modes, and one scalar, instead of two tensor polarizations in the general relativity. Second, we examine the Newtonian limit in which the gravitational fields and the matter source distribution are weak and static. By deriving the associated Poisson equation, we obtain the exact relation of the fundamental interaction coupling in the gravidynamics with the experimentally measured Newtonian constant. We also make use of nonrelativistic objects and relativistic photons to probe the Newtonian field configurations. In particular, the experiments from the gravitational deflection of light rays and the Shapiro time delay can place stringent constraints on the linearized gravidynamics in the gravitational quantum field theory., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure

Brain-robot interaction (BRI) empowers individuals to control (semi-)automated machines through their brain activity, either passively or actively. In the past decade, BRI systems have achieved remarkable success, predominantly harnessing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals as the central component. This paper offers an up-to-date and exhaustive examination of 87 curated studies published during the last five years (2018-2023), focusing on identifying the research landscape of EEG-based BRI systems. This review aims to consolidate and underscore methodologies, interaction modes, application contexts, system evaluation, existing challenges, and potential avenues for future investigations in this domain. Based on our analysis, we present a BRI system model with three entities: Brain, Robot, and Interaction, depicting the internal relationships of a BRI system. We especially investigate the essence and principles on interaction modes between human brains and robots, a domain that has not yet been identified anywhere. We then discuss these entities with different dimensions encompassed. Within this model, we scrutinize and classify current research, reveal insights, specify challenges, and provide recommendations for future research trajectories in this field. Meanwhile, we envision our findings offer a design space for future human-robot interaction (HRI) research, informing the creation of efficient BRI frameworks.

In this paper, the higher energy levels of the transmon qubit are taken into consideration to investigate the continuous variable entanglement generation between the transmon qubit and the single-mode cavity. Based on the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics, we show the entanglement generation depends on the the driving field intensity, coupling strength, cavity field frequency, and qubit frequency. The numerical results show that strong entanglement can be generated by properly tuning these parameters. It is our hope that the results presented in this paper may lead to a better understanding of quantum entanglement generation in cavity QED system and provide new perspectives for further research in quantum information processing.

Researchers have investigated the potential of leveraging pre-trained language models, such as CodeBERT, to enhance source code-related tasks. Previous methodologies have relied on CodeBERT's '[CLS]' token as the embedding representation of input sequences for task performance, necessitating additional neural network layers to enhance feature representation, which in turn increases computational expenses. These approaches have also failed to fully leverage the comprehensive knowledge inherent within the source code and its associated text, potentially limiting classification efficacy. We propose CodeClassPrompt, a text classification technique that harnesses prompt learning to extract rich knowledge associated with input sequences from pre-trained models, thereby eliminating the need for additional layers and lowering computational costs. By applying an attention mechanism, we synthesize multi-layered knowledge into task-specific features, enhancing classification accuracy. Our comprehensive experimentation across four distinct source code-related tasks reveals that CodeClassPrompt achieves competitive performance while significantly reducing computational overhead., Comment: Accepted by Scientific Reports

The verbalizer, which serves to map label words to class labels, is an essential component of prompt-tuning. In this paper, we present a novel approach to constructing verbalizers. While existing methods for verbalizer construction mainly rely on augmenting and refining sets of synonyms or related words based on class names, this paradigm suffers from a narrow perspective and lack of abstraction, resulting in limited coverage and high bias in the label-word space. To address this issue, we propose a label-word construction process that incorporates scenario-specific concepts. Specifically, we extract rich concepts from task-specific scenarios as label-word candidates and then develop a novel cascade calibration module to refine the candidates into a set of label words for each class. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach through extensive experiments on {five} widely used datasets for zero-shot text classification. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art results.

We investigate theoretically the enhancement of mechanical squeezing in a multimode optomechanical system by introducing a coherent phonon-photon interaction via the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (BSBS) process. The coherent photon-phonon interaction where two optical modes couple to a Brillouin acoustic mode with a large decay rate provides an extra channel for the cooling of a Duffing mechanical oscillator. The squeezing degree and the robustness to the thermal noises of the Duffing mechanical mode can be enhanced greatly. When the Duffing nonlinearity is weak, the squeezing degree of the mechanical mode in the presence of BSBS can be improved more than one order of magnitude compared with the absence of BSBS. Our scheme may be extended to other quantum systems to study novel quantum effects.

It was found that the isoscalar-scalar and isovector-scalar mesons play significant roles in nuclear matter physics. However, the underlying structures of these resonances are not yet well understood. We construct a three-flavor baryonic extended linear sigma model including both the two- and four-quark constitutes of scalar mesons with respect to the axial transformation and study the nuclear matter properties with relativistic mean field method. The nuclear matter properties at saturation density and hadron spectrums are well reproduced with this model simultaneously and, only the two-quark component of the scalar mesons couple to baryon fields and dominates the nuclear force. A plateau-like structure is found in the symmetry energy of nuclear matter due to the multi-meson couplings, and it's crucial for understanding the neutron skin thickness of $^{208}\rm Pb$ and the tidal deformation of neutron star from GW170817. At high density regions, the vector mesons are found to be rather crucial, especially the ones coupling with four-quark configurations. This model can be easily extended to study neutron stars, even with hyperons in their interior., Comment: Published version

We show that the recent construction of $N_f=1$ baryons on the $\eta^\prime$ domain wall can be understood as vortexes of the principal effective theory -- the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory -- on a 2+1-dimensional sheet. This theory has a series of vertex solutions, and the vortex with unit topological charge naturally spins $N_c/2$, which coincides with the spin of the one-flavor baryon in QCD. Since the $N_c$ scaling of the vortexes is the same as that of baryons, baryons can be regarded as vortexes. By virtue of the particle-vortex symmetry, the dual Zhang-Hansson-Kivelson theory indicates that the quark carries topological charge $1/N_c$ and obeys fractional statistics. The generalization to arbitrary $N_f$ is also discussed., Comment: 13 pages

Due to its powerful capability and high efficiency in big data analysis, machine learning has been applied in various fields. We construct a neural network platform to constrain the behaviors of the equation of state of nuclear matter with respect to the properties of nuclear matter at saturation density and the properties of neutron stars. It is found that the neural network is able to give reasonable predictions of parameter space and provide new hints into the constraints of hadron interactions. As a specific example, we take the relativistic mean field approximation in a widely accepted Walecka-type model to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the platform. The results show that the neural network can indeed estimate the parameters of the model at a certain precision such that both the properties of nuclear matter around saturation density and global properties of neutron stars can be saturated. The optimization of the present modularly designed neural network and extension to other effective models are straightforward., Comment: Published version

A full-quantum approach is used to study quantum nonlinear properties of a compound Michelson-Sagnac interferometer optomechanical system. The effective Hamiltonian shows that both dissipative and dispersive couplings possess imaginary- and real-Kerr nonlinearities. And unexpectedly, the nonlinearities caused by the dissipative coupling have non-Hermitian Hamiltonian-like properties. It can protect the quantum nature of the dispersive coupling beyond the traditional dissipation of the system. This protection mechanism allows the system to exhibit strong quantum nonlinear effects in the parameter region of the hyperbolic function $J^2 = \Delta_c \Delta_e$. Moreover, we can obtain strong anti-bunching effects whether in strong or weak coupling regimes with the help of the dispersive and dissipative couplings jointly. It may provide a new perspective to experimentally realize and study the strong quantum nonlinear effects.

The cores of massive neutron stars offer a unique environment for the nuclear matter at intermediate density in the universe. The global characteristics of a neutron star, as well as the gravitational waves emitted from the mergers of two neutron stars, offer valuable insights into dense nuclear matter. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the potential hadron-quark transition on the properties of neutron stars and the signals of the gravitational waves stemming from the merger of binary neutron stars, including waveforms, frequency evolutions as well as the spectrum curves, utilizing the equations of state constructed from the Maxwell ansatz, Gibbs ansatz and, the crossover scenario. We explicitly construct the equations of state in such a way that they converge at low and high densities therefore the differences are only from the scenarios of the transitions and the locations -- or the parameters in the equation of state. Using such constructed equations of state, we simulate the signals of the GW and analyze their differences due to locations of the transition, the scenarios of the transition, and the masses of the component stars. By combining our findings with the expected detection of gravitational waves around $(2-4)$ kHz from binary neutron star mergers and their associated electromagnetic signals, we expect to uncover some key characteristics of dense nuclear matter., Comment: A major revision including more figures, further discussions, and more references was made

The roles of the lightest vector mesons $\rho$ and $\omega$ in the multi-skyrmion states are studied using the hidden local symmetry approach upto the next to leading order including the homogeneous Wess-Zumino terms. The low energy constants in the effective field theory are determined by using the Sakai-Sugimoto model and the flat-space five-dimensional Yang-Mills action. With only two inputs, $m_\rho$, and $f_\pi$, all the low energy constants can be determined without ambiguity. The vector meson effects can be investigated by integrating them in order and the influence from the geometry can be clarified by comparing the results using the low energy constants estimated from the Sakai-Sugimoto model and the flat-space five-dimensional Yang-Mills action. We find that the $\rho$ meson reduces the masses of the multi-skyrmion states and increases the overlaps of the constituents of the multi-skyrmion states while the $\omega$ meson repulses the constituents of the multi-skyrmion states and increases their masses, therefore these vector mesons are important in Skyrme model approach to nuclei. we also find that the warping factor which is an essential element in the holographic model of QCD affects the properties of the multi-skyrmion states and cannot be ignored., Comment: 6 figures, 3 tables

Inspired by the fact that both the dilaton potential encoding the trace anomalies of QCD and the Polyakov loop potential measuring the deconfinement phase transition can be expressed in the logarithmic forms, as well as the fact that the scale symmetry is expected to be restoring and colors are deconfined in extreme conditions such as high temperatures and/or densities, we conjecture a relation between the dilaton potential and the Polyakov loop potential. Explicitly, we start from the Coleman--Weinberg type potential of a real scalar field -- a dilaton or conformal compensator -- and make an ansatz of the relation between this scalar field and the Polyakov loop to obtain the Polyakov loop potential, which can be parameterized in Lattice QCD (LQCD) in the pure glue sector. We find that the coefficients of Polyakov potential fitted from Lattice data are automatically satisfied in this ansatz, the locations of deconfinement and scale restoration are locked to each other, and the first-order phase transition can be realized. Extensions to the low-energy effective quark models are also discussed. The conjectured relation may deepen our understanding of the evolution of the universe, the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking, the phase diagram of QCD matter, and the properties of neutron~stars., Comment: Published version

Exploring the origin of the pseudogap is important for the understanding of superconductivity in cuprates. Here we report a systematical experimental study on the phonon vibrational properties of Tl$_2$Ba$_2$Ca$_{n-1}$Cu$_n$O$_{2n+4+\delta}$ ($n$=1,2,3) single crystals based on the Raman scattering measurements over the temperature range from 10 to 300 K. The temperature evolution of the frequency and linewidth of the observed phonon modes in each member of this family does not follow the expected self-energy effect when entering the superconducting state. Instead, these phonon modes exhibit a universal softening behavior below the temperature around 150 K, which is higher above the superconducting transition. From the comparison with the existing experimental data for various orders, we find that the observed starting temperature for the phonon softening corresponds to the onset opening temperature of the pseudogap. This finding indicates a large lattice effect in the pseudogap state and the non-negligible spin-phonon coupling for such a phonon softening., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

We study the multi-skyrmion states using a Skyrme model with false vacuum potential upto baryon number $B=8$ using the product ansatz. It is found that, both the false vacuum potential and true vacuum potential can yield cluster structure of the multi-skyrmion states. The effect of the explicit chiral breaking on the masses and the contour surfaces of the baryon number density of the multi-skyrmion states are analyzed., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Jet precession has previously been proposed to explain the apparently repeating features in the light curves of a few gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In this {\it Letter}, we further apply the precession model to a bright GRB 220408B by examining both its temporal and spectral consistency with the predictions of the model. As one of the recently confirmed GRBs observed by our GRID CubeSat mission, GRB 220408B is noteworthy as it exhibits three apparently similar emission episodes. Furthermore, the similarities are reinforced by their strong temporal correlations and similar features in terms of spectral evolution and spectral lags. Our analysis demonstrates that these features can be well explained by the modulated emission of a Fast-Rise-Exponential-Decay (FRED) shape light curve intrinsically produced by a precessing jet with a precession period of $18.4 \pm 0.2$ seconds, a nutation period of $11.1 \pm 0.2$ seconds and viewed off-axis. This study provides a straightforward explanation for the complex yet similar multi-episode GRB light curves., Comment: 11 pages, 3 tables, 8 figures

It has been found that the topology effect and the possible emergent scale and hidden local flavor symmetries at high density reveal a novel structure of the compact star matter. The $N_f\geq2$ baryons can be described by the skyrmion in the large $N_c$ limit and there is a robust topology change in the skyrmion matter approach to dense nuclear matter. The hidden scale and local flavor symmetries which are sources introducing the lightest scalar meson -- dilaton -- and lowest lying vector mesons into to nonlinear chiral effective theory are seen to play important roles in understanding the nuclear force. We review in this paper the generalized nuclear effective theory (G$n$EFT), which applicable to nuclear matter from low density to the compact star density, constructed with the robust conclusion from the topology approach to dense matter and emergent scale and hidden local flavor symmetries. The topology change at density larger than two times saturation density $n_0$ encoded in the parameters of the effective field theory is interpreted as the hadron-quark continuity in the sense of Cheshire Cat Principle. A novel feature predicted in this theory that has not been found before is the precocious appearance of the conformal sound velocity in the cores of massive stars, although the trace of the energy-momentum tensor of the system is not zero. That is, in contrast to the usual picture, the cores of massive stars are composed of quasiparticles of fractional baryon charges, neither baryons nor deconfined quarks. Hidden scale and local flavor symmetries emerge and give rise a resolution of the longstanding $g_A$ quench problem in nuclei transition. To illustrate the rationality of the GnEFT, we finally confront the generalized effective field theory to the global properties of neutron star and the data from gravitational wave detections., Comment: Invited contribution to Special Issue of MDPI "Symmetries and Ultra Dense Matter of Compact Stars"

Symmetries play important roles in the understanding of hadron structures and spectroscopy. Motivated by the discovery of the doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}^+(3875)$, we study the ground states of the doubly heavy tetraquarks with the QCD inspired heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry in the constituent quark model. Six ground states of $T_{QQ} (Q=c,b)$ are predicted and the lightest $T_{cc}$ state has a mass of $3875.8\pm 7.6$ MeV and spin-parity $1^+$ which are consistent with those of the observed $T_{cc}^+(3875)$. In addition, the magnetic moments of the predicted tetraquarks $T_{cc}^+(3876)$ and $T_{bb}^-(10396)$ are also estimated in the same model, which provide further informations to distinguish the structures of the $T_{QQ}$ states. Our results show that the heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry conserves well in these doubly heavy tetraquarks in both the spectrum and magnetic moment perspectives., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure