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Phenylpropanoid compounds as secondary metabolites are synthesized by plants during development and in response to stress. Phenylpropanoids contribute to the compounds of plant pigmentation, antioxidants and protective agents and also play a regulatory role in growth and morphogenesis. In this research, samples of blade and sheath of leaf, , stem, and root of Saccharum officinarum (cultivar CP69-1062) during the germination, tillering, grand growth, and maturation stages were prepared. In order to studying biochemical changes of phenylpropanoid compounds during development of sugarcane, PAL activity enzyme, phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols component in samples were analyzed. The study of changes of enzyme activity in different tissues during developmental stages showed high enzyme activity of PAL in leaves during all of developmental stages and in sheath during grand growth stage. Enzyme activity was increased in stem during grand growth stage and in root during germination stage. Results indicated that changes of concentration of total phenol and the maximum amount of total phenol were detected in leaf during germination and maturation stages, in sheath during germination stage, in stem during grand growth stage and in root during maturation stage (p

Tissue culture technique was used to obtain salt tolerant variants from embryogenic calluses of sugarcane (Saccharum sp. var. CP48-103) that cultured on a selective medium containing different levels of NaCl (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% NaCl). A total of four plants regenerated from the tolerant calluses were selected but the best of them in vigor grown in in vitro and hydroponic systems under salinity stress to comparison with source variety. With increasing supply of NaCl in both systems, root growth was more adversely affected than was shoot growth. Chlorophyll contents showed a decreasing trend and dry matter yield of plants reduced but in a slow rate in tolerant somaclonal than source variety. The biochemical analysis showed that at high salt concentration, Cl- and Na+ content in shoot and root increased. With rising salt concentration from 0 to 0.8%, content of Cl- in shoot and root of tolerant variant changed lower than parent showed that this variant had genetic lowest ratio of shoot/root chloride and had minimum transport of Cl- to shoots. Also this variant had high content of Ca2+ in shoot and high K+/Na+ ratio at all salinity levels. Thus it probably has genetic potential to avoid harmful ions uptake.

Tissue culture technique was used to obtain salt tolerant variants from embryogenic calluses of sugarcane (Saccharum sp. var. CP48-103) that cultured on a selective medium containing different levels of NaCl (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% NaCl). A total of four plants regenerated from the tolerant calluses were selected but the best of them in vigor grown in in vitro and hydroponic systems under salinity stress to comparison with source variety. With increasing supply of NaCl in both systems, root growth was more adversely affected than was shoot growth. Chlorophyll contents showed a decreasing trend and dry matter yield of plants reduced but in a slow rate in tolerant somaclonal than source variety. The biochemical analysis showed that at high salt concentration, Cl− and Na+ content in shoot and root increased. With rising salt concentration from 0 to 0.8%, content of Cl− in shoot and root of tolerant variant changed lower than parent showed that this variant had genetic lowest ratio of shoot/root chloride and had minimum transport of Cl− to shoots. Also this variant had high content of Ca2+ in shoot and high K+/Na+ ratio at all salinity levels. Thus it probably has genetic potential to avoid harmful ions uptake.