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Introduction: Within the past 20 years, significant advances have taken place within the realm of aesthetic medicine to manage hair loss. Several human blood preparations have been found to contain regenerative properties suitable for hair rejuvenation and, subsequently, have emerged onto the market. An advanced and liquid version of platelet-rich fibrin, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) is one such product. This article evaluates the combination of iPRF with microneedling (MN) for the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) compared to other therapies. To knowledge, it is the first evaluation of its kind. Methods and materials: Secondary research was conducted via EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to explore a preferred blood preparation and combination treatment using MN. Results and discussion: Secondary research shows that there is more in-depth evidence that suggests platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the preferred blood preparation for treating male AGA at present. However, studies show that iPRF has greater regenerative potential. More research currently exists to suggest that MN in combination with minoxidil (MX) therapy is preferred over iPRF combined with MN alone. No validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) currently exist for male AGA, although PROMs do exist for facial aesthetic treatments and alopecia areata. Conclusions: Studies show that iPRF combined with MN is a safe and effective option for the treatment of male AGA, but comparison studies against other combinations are lacking. Other monotherapy and combination methods are generally more evidenced. The secondary research also found that no specific PROM tool for measuring male AGA exists. Unless a specific PROM is developed and validated for male AGA, challenges around treatment comparison will continue to limit evidence.

BACKGROUND Microneedling is a relatively novel therapeutic modality introduced in the 1990s where small, fine needles are used to create micro punctures in the skin. It is a minimally invasive procedure used for various dermatological conditions, including androgenetic alopecia (AGA). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We comprehensively summarize the literature regarding microneedling in dermatology. We performed linear multivariable regressions to synthesize evidence from the clinical trials that investigated the efficacy of microneedling for AGA. Studies eligible for quantitative analyses were assessed for evidence quality. RESULTS The exact mechanism of microneedling action is yet to be determined, with theories that include the wound-healing cascade. Microneedling monotherapy significantly increased total hair count more than topical minoxidil 5% (β = 12.29; p

Background Vitamin D, a vitamin and hormone, plays an important role in dermatology and dermatotherapeutics, due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and regulation of keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. It also affects the hair cycle, and its role in hair loss is under constant research. Objectives This review aims to give a brief overview of vitamin D biology within the hair follicle, role in the etiopathogenesis, and rationale for supplementation in various alopecias. Methods A PubMed literature search was performed to review relevant current literature and studies investigating the role of vitamin D in the etiopathogenesis, as a supplement and a potential therapeutic modality in hair loss. Results and conclusion Vitamin D is intricately involved in various signaling pathways of growth and differentiation of hair follicles. Most studies show an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D levels and non-scarring alopecias such as telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and trichotillomania. Vitamin D deficiency is also associated with scarring alopecia. However, conclusive studies to demonstrate the benefit of vitamin D administration in correcting hair loss and managing these conditions are lacking. Hence, further studies are needed before vitamin D can be routinely recommended as a treatment modality in these conditions.

The term \"alopecia\" is used for abnormal hair loss and it is a chronic dermatological condition observed in both genders and all races. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or male pattern baldness is the most common type of alopecia; however, it may be observed in females. Alopecia areata (AA) is the second most common non-scarring alopecia or hair loss around the world. Beyond the fact that alopecia is a disease itself, sometimes it might be one of the major side effects of many drugs including chemotherapeutics. Since healthy hair has been a symbol of well-being, youth, and vitality for centuries, the treatment of alopecia has essential importance to increasing life quality of the individuals that have faced hair loss. Regarding the progressively generated high-throughput data at various omics levels, systems biology has gained importance to better understand biologic processes by utilizing high-throughput data from multiple sources to develop models of biologic processes In this review, we overviewed AGA and AA via systems biology with the aid of omics technologies point of view to highlight not only the molecular mechanisms of the hair loss phenomenon but also potential preventive and therapeutic avenues. We discussed the findings in light of the multi-omics data integration that converges the future of uncovering personalized therapeutic options targeting hair loss.

Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has long been used for the restoration of hair in conjunction with microneedling or on its own. Fat grafting to the scalp has also been utilized in the past to improve the quality of hair and the possibility of successful hair transplant. The novel therapy reported in this case series combines the natural progression of these two techniques and utilizes synergistic effects to improve the quality of hair, either in preparation for micrografting or without hair transplant. Objectives To demonstrate the principles behind the novel approach to restoration of hair and the rationale for its use. Methods A review of the evidence for PRP and fat transfer for non-scarring alopecia serves as the foundation for the combination treatment reported herein. Through presentation of three cases in this series, we provide examples of the utility of this approach for non-scarring alopecia. This report includes a female who suffered non-scarring alopecia following COVID-19 hospitalization and intensive care stay where she lost a large percentage of her hair, in addition to two male patients suffering from androgenic alopecia. Results Platelet-rich plasma-hybridized adipose transplant hair was shown in these three cases to improve both the quality and density of hair. It improved the density of hair in all patients and was characterized first by a short period of transient hair loss followed by new hair growth which develops starting at 4 weeks and was readily apparent at 12-week follow-up. Results were maintained at 6-month and 1-year follow-up. Conclusions PHAT hair offers a combination of beneficial effects—namely the unique healing properties and growth signaling provided by PRP, along with adipocyte angiogenic and growth signaling, which both work to improve scalp quality. The combination of these effects is better than previously characterized PRP injections alone in the hands of these individual practices. This may be due to synergistic interactions at a cellular level, but additional clinical studies are needed to better understand this novel treatment and the observed effects. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

In this study we have analyzed the use of finasteride which is a type P-selective 5a-reductase inhibitor. By decreasing dihydroxytestestrone (DHT) level, it is found to be effective in the treatment of male androgenic alopecia. In this study, we compared the effect of topical vs. systemic finasteride in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Our study is a randomized clinical trial study having 30 male patients. They have come for alopecia treatment at Nesam hospital, Coimbatore, India. We have selected male patients with androgenic alopecia and divided them into two groups (A, B), randomly having 15 patients in each group. For group A, Topical finasteride (0.1%) with minoxidil (5%) solution was given. Group B patients received topical minoxidil with oral finasteride (1mg) tablets. All patients were regularly followed up till the end of 6 months. A Patient had a first review in the first week followed by monthly follow up. Following parameters were taken into account: size of bald area, total hair count, and terminal hair. Data was analyzed by Chi-square statistical test. Each month the terminal hair, size of bald area and hair count between the two groups were compared. In the initial few months group, A showed good improvement. But Serial measurements indicated that a significant increase in hair counts and terminal hair counts is seen in both groups. This study showed that on long term follow-up of more than 3 months, both topical and systemic finasteride groups had similar results.

Background Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a recent addition to the pantheon of light-based therapeutic interventions. The absorption of red/near-infrared light energy, a process termed “photobiomodulation,” enhances mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling, and growth factor synthesis, and attenuates oxidative stress. Photobiomodulation is now highly commercialized with devices marketed directly to the consumer. In the gray area between the commercial and therapeutic sectors, harnessing the clinical potential in reproducible and scientifically measurable ways remains challenging. Objectives The aim of this article was to summarize the clinical evidence for photobiomodulation and discuss the regulatory framework for this therapy Methods A review of the clinical literature pertaining to the use of LLLT for skin rejuvenation (facial rhytids and dyschromias), acne vulgaris, wound healing, body contouring, and androgenic alopecia was performed. Results A reasonable body of clinical trial evidence exists to support the role of low-energy red/near-infrared light as a safe and effective method of skin rejuvenation, treatment of acne vulgaris and alopecia, and, especially, body contouring. Methodologic flaws, small patient cohorts, and industry funding mean there is ample scope to improve the quality of evidence. It remains unclear if light-emitting diode sources induce physiologic effects of compararable nature and magnitude to those of the laser-based systems used in most of the higher-quality studies. Conclusions LLLT is here to stay. However, its ubiquity and commercial success have outpaced empirical approaches on which solid clinical evidence is established. Thus, the challenge is to prove its therapeutic utility in retrospect. Well-designed, adequately powered, independent clinical trials will help us answer some of the unresolved questions and enable the potential of this therapy to be realized.

The plasma level of two common cardiovascular disease markers, cardiac troponin I and C-reactive protein, in alopecia areata and AGA affected subjects. We aimed to assesment of troponin I level of patients with AGA to detect if there is arole of troponin I as a cardiac biomarker for cardiac affection in the disease (AGA) pathogenesis and it's associations and looking for a hidden cardiac problem. The study was conducted on 75 participants; 50 patients suffering from Androgenetic alopecia, in addition to 25 control normal healthy persons. Norwood Classification for male Pattern Baldness Ludwig Classification of Female Pattern Baldness , ECG, Determination of serum Cardiac troponin I and Echocardiography were done for all participants. troponin I showed significant positive correlation with age, GLS, grades, as well as significant negative correlation with EF troponin I showed significant positive correlation with age, GLS, grades, as well as significant negative correlation with EF.

[Figure][1] O'Tar T. Norwood Feb. 1, 1931 – Jul. 28, 2020 Dr. O'Tar T. Norwood, a globally prominent physician who was founder of our journal, Hair Transplant Forum International , and co-founder of the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, has left a legacy that will

Hair loss or alopecia is a common dermatological issue that can affect millions of human population of all ages and both gender, male and female. Frequently, alopecia has been found to be associated with significant adverse effects or reduction of psychological and self-esteem. Consequently, this may lead to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, thus it may negatively impact the quality of life as well. There are several types of hair loss including androgenetic alopecia (AGA), alopecia areata (AA), alopecia totalis (AT), Alopecia Universalis (AU), cicatricial alopecia (CA), senescent alopecia (SA), traction alopecia (TA) and telogen effluvium. However, this review will focus on the androgenic alopecia only. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) also known as male pattern baldness is referred to as hair loss that often occurs in men after puberty caused by the androgen. In addition, this review will discuss on the hair growth cycles and their mechanism on the androgenic alopecia and lastly the management of androgenic alopecia using plant derivatives and methods used in order to prolong the efficacy of androgenetic alopecia treatment.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) which is also known as androgenic alopecia or male pattern baldness, is the most common type of progressive hair loss. Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is the most common form of hair loss in men, affecting 30-50% of men by age 50. Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) occurs in a highly reproducible pattern, preferentially affecting the temples, vertex and mid frontal scalp.To estimate the Serum Amyloid A3 (SAA3) in young male patients with AGA and studying the relationship between the level of SAA3 and atherosclerosis. The investigation was done after endorsement by the Ethics advisory group on Research at Faculty of Medicine, Benha University. A composed educated assent was acquired from every member. This examination was a cross sectional case similar investigation. All patients chose from Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology, Venerology and Andrology Department of Benha University Hospitals. This examination was begun at January 2019 to June 2019.We found that the patients with grade III and IV androgenetic alopecia with family ancestry of heart illnesses and raised lipid profile levels had critical height of serum amyloid A3 than different gatherings. Male patients underneath age of 30 years with AGA exceptionally grade III, IV had raised SAA3 and have more dangers to create blood vessel atherosclerotic illness later on than the people without AGA at a similar age gathering.

Hair is simple in structure. Hair is formed of an extreme protein called Keratin. Cleanser may be a hair care item, ordinarily as a gooey fluid, that's utilized for cleaning hair. the problems related with it incorporates male pattern baldness, raucous hair, absence of hair volume, molding, youthful turning gray, dandruff, diminishing of hair, bluntness then on. Male pattern baldness are often caused due to various reasons, for instance , hereditary propensities, ecological triggers and presentation to synthetic compounds, medications, healthful inadequacy, outrageous pressure or long ailment then on. Gentle dandruff can for the foremost part be settled by washing the hair a day with a mellow cleanser hair. Sedated hostile to dandruff cleanser clean both the hair and scalp and leave the hair reasonable, not bother sebaceous organs. It contains an enemy of microbial to forestall development of expanded occurrence of microorganisms. Dynamic material ought not sharpen the scalp and diminish the extent of tingling and scaling. the most objective of article give idea about hairs problem, the way to solve these problems with cost effectiveness and also help to pick the which sort of treatment with selective dosage form preparation as per hairs problem by researcher for society. Keywords Antidandruff, Surfactants, Shampoo, Scalps

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men. It is commonly known as a male pattern baldness. It is characterized by a stepwise miniaturization of the hair follicle, resulting from alteration in the hair cycle dynamics, leading to vellus transformation of terminal hair follicle. In AGA, the duration of anagen phase gradually decreases and that of telogen phase increases, the maximum length of the new anagen hair becomes shorter than that of its predecessor, leading to miniaturization and eventually a bald appearance. Aim of the work To assess the expression of NRF2 in the scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. Patients and Methods This case control study included 28 male patients whose age ranged from 18 to 45 years old. They were diagnosed as having AGA according to Norwood-Hamilton scale. Further, 28 age and sex matched healthy male controls were recruited. All patients and controls were recruited from the dermatology outpatient clinic of Ain-Shams University Hospitals, during the period of September 2018 to April 2019. Results A group of Twenty-eight male patients with AGA were recruited to the study. The of patients ranged from 18 to 45 years (mean = 33.46 years ± 9.9 SD). Twenty-eight age matched male healthy volunteers without AGA were e recruited. The majority of AGA patients had positive family history of AGA in their first degree relatives. None of our patients had a medical history of systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Conclusion The current study showed that alteration of Nrf2 levels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AGA.

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a patterned hair loss with multifactorial background including genetic, hormonal as well as environmental and lifestyle-related risk factors. The impact of non-genetic risk factors on the onset and disease progression of androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian males. Objective To explore the potential role of non-genetic risk factors on the disease development and progression of androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian males. Patients and Methods The study included 2000 subjects with and without AGA, during the period from February 2019 to September 2019. The study protocol was approved by faculty of medicine, Ain Sham University, Research ethics committee (FWA 000017585). An informed written consent for participation in this study was obtained from patients and controls before enrollment. One thousand male patients with AGA were recruited in the study. The diagnosis was made via clinical diagnosis, dermatological findings, trichoscopic assessment. Results Our study showed that after skin examination 416 patients had acne and 344 patients had seborrhea, with statistically significant association to AGA cases. Conclusion From our study, it can be concluded that AGA became a major type of hair loss complaint among Egyptian males especially young males. Many potential risk factors were found to be associated with the disease as smoking, stress, obesity, family history, exercise, HTN and unbalanced diet. Avoidance of such risk factors may help improve the disease.

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a non-scarring disease with a progressive thinning of the scalp hair that follows a characteristic pattern. It is the most common form of alopecia, affecting up to 80% of men and 50% of women in the course of their life. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible clinical benefit of lyophilized platelet derived growth factors(L-GF) locally injected in cases of AGA. Patients and Methods The present pilot study included 20 female patients with AGA. Patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospital, in the period at the period from September 2018 till March 2019. The study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and fulfilled all the ethical aspects required in human research. Results Treatment with L-GF resulted in improvement of AGA patients with minimal side effects. Conclusion Lyophilized platelet derived growth factors (L-GF) injection for AGA could represent new therapeutic option for delivering platelet growth factors. As a pilot study, the sample size of this work was small, despite the fact that we had statistical significant results. Further randomized wide scale comparative studies between conventional autologous PRP and L-GF are demanding to draw concrete results.

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the commonest cause of hair loss in men with limited treatment options. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is defined as an autologous concentration of plasma with a greater count of platelets than that of whole blood. Its action depends on the released growth factors from platelets. It has been investigated and used in numerous fields of medicine. Recently, PRP has received growing attention as a potential therapeutic tool for hair loss. Aim of the work This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of PRP therapy on experimentally induced AGA in male albino rats. Materials and Methods Eighteen rats were divided into 3 groups - Group I (the control group), Group II (testosterone group): rats were injected 0.1 ml testosterone daily in the shaved area of the dorsum , Group III (PRP group): rats were injected 0.1 ml of testosterone daily+ 0.1 ml of PRP every 3 days in the shaved area of their dorsum. After 21 days from the start of the experiment, skin samples were collected from the site of injection and prepared for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemical examination by anti Ki 67. Morphometrical and statistical analysis were performed. Results Testosterone group when compared to the control group showed a significant decrease in the mean epidermal thickness, decreased mean number of anagen hair follicles, increase in the mean number of telogen hair follicles and decreased anagen/telogen ratio, all were statistically significant (P Conclusion Our data suggest that PRP injections may have a positive therapeutic effect on experimentally induced androgenic alopecia in adult male albino rats.

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men. It is commonly known as a male pattern baldness. It is characterized by a stepwise miniaturization of the hair follicle, resulting from alteration in the hair cycle dynamics, leading to vellus transformation of terminal hair follicle. In AGA, the duration of anagen phase gradually decreases and that of telogen phase increases, the maximum length of the new anagen hair becomes shorter than that of its predecessor, leading to miniaturization and eventually a bald appearance. Aim of the Work To assess the expression of NRF2 in the scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. Patients and Methods This case control study included 28 male patients whose age ranged from 18 to 45 years old. They were diagnosed as having AGA according to Norwood-Hamilton scale. Further, 28 age and sex matched healthy male controls were recruited. All patients and controls were recruited from the dermatology outpatient clinic of Ain-Shams University Hospitals, during the period of September 2018 to April 2019. Results A group of Twenty-eight male patients with AGA were recruited to the study. The of patients ranged from 18 to 45 years (mean = 33.46 years ± 9.9 SD). Twenty-eight age matched male healthy volunteers without AGA were e recruited. The majority of AGA patients had positive family history of AGA in their first degree relatives. None of our patients had a medical history of systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Conclusion The current study showed that alteration of Nrf2 levels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AGA.

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss in men, involves the progressive loss of visible pigmented terminal hair on the scalp in response to circulating androgens. AGA is an autosomal disorder which begins in puberty in genetically predisposed individuals. Aim of the Work To study the effectiveness and safety of the reactive oxygen species scavenger Nacetyl-cysteine (NAC) as a single therapy and in combination with the topically applied minoxidil for treatment of the early-onset androgenetic alopecia in men. Patients and Methods The present study included 100 patients with male pattern hair loss whose age ranged from 18 to 30 years old, recruited from dermatology clinics in Ain Shams University Hospital and Kafr El Sheik University Hospital. Results Overall, all treatments could improve significantly some of the trichoscopic parameters as compared to the control group who did not receive any treatment. The number of terminal hair count increased and the vellus hair count decreased in response to either of treatments; minoxidil, NAC, or both as compared to control. These changes were noticed at both the vertex and frontotemporal sites. The treatment was generally tolerable and the side effects encountered did not necessitate stoppage of the treatment course. Conclusion On the basis of the findings of current study we can conclude that, the role of trichoscopy in increasing the accuracy for diagnosing hair disorders as well as to detect response or failure to treatment, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improved significantly most of the trichoscopic features of AGA and it was was generally tolerable and the side effects encountered did not necessitate stoppage of the treatment course.

Background Androgenic alopecia is the most common form of alopecia in men and women. Its incidence increase with age, many treatment modalities are available but results are variable. Androgenetic alopecia is a hereditary thinning of the hair induced by androgens in genetically susceptible men and women. Also known as male-pattern hair loss or common baldness in men and female-pattern hair loss in women. Thinning of hair usually begins between 12 and 40 years old in males and females. Inheritance is polygenic. Aim of the study To evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and side effects of topical sildenafil and topical minoxidil in the treatment of androgenic alopecia Patients and methods This exploratory pilot study included 30 male patients suffering from androgenic alopecia. Included patients were divided into 2 equal groups based on treatment received; one group received 1% topical sildenafil and the other group received 55 topical minoxidil. Assessment of treatment response was done using trichoscopy. Results Sildenafil treated group showed statistically significant increase in VH and TH count at 18 cm point, 24 cm point after treatment compared to before treatment. While, temporal side showed statistically significant increase in VH only. minoxidil treated group showed statistically significant increase in TH count, T/V hair ratio and hair thickness at 18 cm point and temporal side after treatment compared to before treatment. VH count was significantly decreased after treatment compared to before treatment at 18 cm point. At 24 cm point, only TH was significantly increased after treatment compared to before treatment.

IMPORTANCE: Alopecia induced by classic chemotherapy affects up to 65% of patients and is usually reversible. However, there are increasing reports of persistent chemotherapy-induced alopecia (pCIA), especially for patients treated with taxane-containing chemotherapy regimens. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and response to treatment of patients with pCIA after chemotherapy for breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this case series, a retrospective evaluation was performed of patients with a diagnosis of pCIA after chemotherapy for breast cancer in 4 specialist hair clinics from November 1, 2011, to February 29, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. For patients who presented with diffuse alopecia or diffuse rarefaction of hair over the midfrontal scalp with widening of the central part line and preservation of the frontal hairline, the Sinclair scale (grades 1-5, where 1 indicates normal hair density and 5 indicates the most severe stage of hair loss, with little or no hair in the centroparietal region) was used to assess severity. RESULTS: One hundred patients (99 women [99%]; mean age at presentation, 54.0 years [range, 29.0-74.1 years]) were included. Most patients had diffuse nonscarring alopecia (n = 39), female pattern hair loss (n = 55), or male pattern hair loss (n = 6). Six patients developed cicatricial alopecia. Taxane-containing regimens were used for most patients (92 [92%]) and were associated with more severe alopecia than regimens that did not contain taxanes (median Sinclair grade, 4 [IQR, 3-5] vs 2 [IQR, 2-2.5]; P

Background: Flutamide is a non-steroidal anti-androgenic agent which is not only used in treating prostate cancer but also can be effective in some disorders such as androgenic alopecia and male pattern baldness. Several serious side effects for systemic administration of flutamide can be overcome by emulgel dosage form. Absorption enhancers can promote permeation of flutamide through skin. Percutaneous absorption of Flutamide emulgels with different concentrations of Transcutol P and Precirol ATO5 was studied. Methods: Various emulgel formulations using different concentration of Transcutol P and Precirol ATO5 with 0.5 to 5 % w/w were prepared. Percutaneous absorption was tested with standard Franz Diffusion Cell equipment using full thickness rat skin. Drug concentrations in the samples were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) equipped with UV-Vis detector at 305 nm. Results: The percutaneous absorption of flutamide emulgels formulated with enhancers was higher than control formulations. Enhancement ratio increased from 1.218 to 3.670 and 1.346 to3.900 for Precirol ATO5 and Transcutol P, respectively. Area under the Curve (AUC) increased by increase the enhancers’ concentration and a significant upsurge was seen in the concentration 1% for both enhancers. Conclusion: The flutamide emulgel containing 1% Transcutol P showed more appropriate percutaneous absorption through the skin compared to others.

The hair follicle is a complete mini-organ with a complex biology. Recent discoveries have shed light on the pathogenesis and genetic basis of a number of hair loss conditions, offering novel treatment alternatives.To explore the biology and physiology of hair growth, the pathomechanism behind alopecias and emerging therapies.Hair growth is influenced by numerous physiological moderators. Greater understanding of the biology and physiology of the hair follicle and the pathomechanisms of hair disease facilitates development of targeted treatments. Sublingual minoxidil is a promising therapy in humans where optimised drug delivery enhances efficacy and reduces systemic adverse effects. Janice kinase inhibitors, which disrupt the inflammatory cascade, help maintain the hair follicle, preserve immune privilege, and regrow hair in alopecia areata. As the pathomechanisms of other forms of alopecia become better understood, new targeted therapies with greater efficacy will emerge.Le follicule pileux est un mini-organe complet avec une biologie complexe. De récentes découvertes ont mis en lumière la pathogénie et les bases génétiques d’un nombre de pathologie alopéciantes offrant de nouvelles alternatives thérapeutiques.Explorer la biologie et la physiologie de la croissance pilaire, le patho-mécanisme des alopécies et les thérapies émergeantes.La croissance pilaire est influencée par de nombreux modérateurs physiologiques. Une meilleure compréhension de la biologie et de la physiologie du follicule pileux et des patho-mécanismes des maladies du poils facilite le développement des traitements cibles. Le minoxidil sublingual est un traitement prometteur chez l’homme quand l’administration optimisée de la molécule améliore son efficacité et réduit les effets indésirables systémiques. Les inhibiteurs de Janus kinase, qui interrompent la cascade inflammatoire, aident au maintien du follicule pileux, préservent le privilège immunitaire, et la repousse pilaire dans l’alopecia aerata. Comme le patho-mécanisme d’autres formes d’alopécie sont mieux comprises, de nouvelles thérapies ciblées avec une meilleure efficacité émergent.INTRODUCCIÓN: el folículo piloso es un miniórgano completo con una biología compleja. Los descubrimientos recientes han arrojado luz sobre la patogénesis y la base genética de una serie de condiciones de pérdida de pelo, ofreciendo nuevas alternativas de tratamiento. OBJETIVO: explorar la biología y fisiología del crecimiento del pelo, el patomecanismo detrás de las alopecias y las terapias emergentes. CONCLUSIÓN E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: el crecimiento del pelo está influenciado por numerosos moderadores fisiológicos. Una mayor comprensión de la biología y fisiología del folículo piloso y los mecanismos patológicos de las enfermedades del pelo facilita el desarrollo de tratamientos específicos. El minoxidil sublingual es una terapia prometedora en humanos donde la administración optimizada del fármaco mejora la eficacia y reduce los efectos adversos sistémicos. Los inhibidores de la quinasa de Janice, que interrumpen la cascada inflamatoria, ayudan a mantener el folículo piloso, preservan el privilegio inmunológico y vuelven a hacer crecer el pelo en la alopecia areata. A medida que se comprendan mejor los mecanismos patológicos de otras formas de alopecia, surgirán nuevas terapias dirigidas con mayor eficacia.Das Haarfollikel ist ein komplettes Mini-Organ mit einer komplexen Biologie. Jüngste Entdeckungen haben Licht auf die Pathogenese und die genetische Basis einiger Konditionen mit Haarverlust geworfen und offerieren neue Behandlungsalternativen. ZIEL: Eine Untersuchung der Biologie und der Physiologie des Haarwachstums und der Pathomechanismen der Alopezien und der neuen Therapien.Das Haarwachstum wird von zahlreichen physiologischen Moderatoren beeinflusst. Ein größeres Verständnis der Biologie und der Physiologie des Haarfollikels und der Pathomechanismen von Haarerkrankungen ermöglicht die Entwicklung von zielorientierten Behandlungen. Minoxidil, sublingual verabreicht, ist eine vielversprechende Therapie beim Menschen, wobei eine optimierte Wirkstoffübermittlung die Wirksamkeit erhöht und systemische Nebenwirkungen reduziert. Januskinase Inhibitoren, die die Entzündungskaskade durchbrechen, helfen bei Alopezie areata dabei, den Haarfollikel zu erhalten, Immunprivilegien zu bewahren und Haare wieder wachsen zu lassen. Während die Pathomechanismen anderer Formen der Alopezie besser verständlich werden, erscheinen neue zielorientierte Therapien mit einer größeren Wirksamkeit.背景: 毛包は、複雑な生物学的性質を備えた完全な小器官である。最近の発見は、多くの脱毛症の病因および遺伝的根拠に光を当て、新しい治療法の選択肢を提供している。 目的: 本研究の目的は、発毛の生物学と生理学、脱毛症と新たな治療法の背後にある病態メカニズムを探求することであった。 結論と臨床的重要性: 発毛は、多くの生理学的モデレーターの影響を受ける。毛包の生物学と生理学、および毛髪疾患の病態メカニズムをより深く理解することで、対象を絞った治療法の開発が容易になる。舌下ミノキシジルは、最適化された薬物送達が有効性を高め、全身性の副作用を軽減する、ヒトにおける有望な治療法である。炎症カスケードを阻害するヤニスキナーぜ阻害剤は、毛包を維持し、免疫特権を維持し、円形脱毛症の発毛に役立つ。他の形態の脱毛症の病態メカニズムがよりよく理解されるようになるにつれて、より効果の高い新しい標的療法が出現するだろう。.背景-毛囊是: 个完整的小器官, 具有复杂的生物学特性。最近的发现揭示了许多脱毛症的发病机制和遗传基础, 提供了新的治疗选择。 目的: 探索毛发生长的生物学和生理学、脱毛背后的病理机制和新兴疗法。 结论和临床重要性: 毛发生长受许多生理调节因素的影响。更多地了解毛囊的生物学和生理学以及毛发疾病的病理机制有助于开发靶向治疗。舌下含服米诺地尔是一种有前景的人体治疗药物, 优化药物递送可增强疗效并减少全身不良反应。两面神激酶抑制剂, 破坏炎症级联反应, 帮助维护毛囊, 保持免疫赦免, 使斑秃的毛发再生。随着对其他形式脱毛的病理机制有更多的了解, 将出现更有效的新靶向治疗。.O folículo piloso é um mini órgão completo com biologia complexa. Descobertas recentes têm esclarecido a patogênese e a base genética de diversas doenças que cursam com queda de pelos, oferecendo novas alternativas de tratamento.Explorar a biologia e a fisiologia do crescimento piloso, o patomecanismo por trás das alopecias e tratamentos emergentes. CONCLUSÃO E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: O crescimento piloso é influenciado por diversos moderadores fisiológicos. O maior conhecimento sobre a biologia e a fisiologia do folículo piloso e o patomecanismo das doenças capilares facilitam o desenvolvimento de terapias específicas. O minoxidil sublingual é uma terapia promissora em humanos em que a melhor absorção do medicamento aumenta a eficácia e reduz efeitos adversos sistêmicos. Inibidores de Janus Kinase, que interrompem a cascata inflamatória, auxiliam na manutenção do folículo piloso, preservação do privilégio imune, e repilação na alopecia areata. À medida que o patomecanismo de outras formas de alopecia for melhor compreendido, novas terapias específicas com maior eficácia surgirão.

Male and female pattern hair loss (MPHL and FPHL, respectively), is the most common cause of hair loss affecting nearly 80 million people in the US, yet treatment options remain limited and lacking. As the need for more effective therapeutics remains unmet, this perspective offers a unique angle by directing attention to the inflammatory aspect of MPHL and FPHL. Evidence and implications of inflammation as a characteristic feature of MPHL and FPHL are highlighted through evaluation of clinical and quantitative data. Comparable results suggest the presence of significant perifollicular inflammatory infiltrates, such as lymphocytes and histiocytes, as well as the involvement of inflammatory genes, such as CASP7 and TNF, in the presentation of MPHL and FPHL. Resurfacing of the inflammatory aspect in MPHL and FPHL pathogenesis will advance future developments in MPHL and FPHL therapeutic options.

In South Africa it is estimated that at least 70% of South Africans consult one of the more than 200,000 Traditional Healers in the country. Clearly traditional health practitioners in South Africa play a crucial role in providing primary health care to the majority of the population. This knowledge system together with South Africa's unique biodiversity provides valuable resources for scientists to undertake research in search of new pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Scientists often refer to this as “scientific validation of traditional medicines” which can be misleading to holders of the traditional knowledge since traditional health practitioners treat their patients holistically using traditional medicines consisting of one or more plant species. Four case studies i.e. appetite suppressant form Hoodia gordonii , monatin from Sclerochiton ilicifolius , mosquito repellent from Lippia javanica and the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness from Elephantorrhiza elephantina which were either commercialized or close to commercialization are described and in all cases these have followed the classical drug discovery or product development route. These case studies have led to the realization that the traditional use of the plants were not exactly the same as the commercialized use. Often the scientists select plants based on traditional use and through scientific intervention discover similar biological activities or different biological activities of the plant species or constituents thereof. The scientific discoveries are further developed and the route to commercialization requires huge investment, time and resources. Hence it could be concluded that the approach has not been to scientifically validate the traditional uses of plants or traditional medicines. As scientists we need to be responsible when utilizing traditional knowledge in our research approaches and it is important to share benefits with the owners of indigenous knowledge.

Hair loss due to medical conditions, such as alopecia, male pattern baldness, and cancer chemotherapy treatment, has been a common problem for many individuals. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a fungal metabolite, has been reported to be a hair growth modulatory agent and is a potential drug for hair regeneration. However, the effect of topical application of CsA is limited by its poor water solubility. Several delivery systems developed to enhance its solubility still showed poor skin penetration. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we have developed a novel chitosan nanocapsule platform using Pluronic F127 and chitosan without any chemical crosslinking or complicated preparation steps for the enhanced water solubility and high transdermal penetration of CsA. The chitosan nanocapsules (ChiNCs) optimized in terms of structural stability by using chitosan with various molecular weights ranging from 3 to 100 kDa enhanced the skin permeation of CsA through human cadaver skin in vitro. Topical administration of the CsA loaded ChiNCs increased the hair follicles by c.a. 7 times higher than that of the control group, and effectively induced hair growth in C57BL/6 mice in vivo. These results suggest that ChiNCs could be used as a platform for effective transdermal delivery of various hydrophobic drugs.

Hair loss, from the vertex or front of the head, generally occurs due to increased androgenic steroid levels. Androgenic steroids, particularly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are distributed differently across the vertex and occipital regions and are involved in inducing ornithine decarboxylase expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that the distribution of polyamines may be altered in different scalp regions. For the overall metabolic profiling of polyamines in patients with hair loss, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. We investigated the differential polyamine levels in different regions of the hair of patients with male pattern baldness and those with female pattern hair loss. The levels of most polyamines were higher in the vertex region than in the occipital region, and N-acetyl polyamine levels differed significantly. We proposed to test our hypothesis by profiling polyamines in human hair fibre to evaluate the distribution of metabolites in various regions of the scalp.

The prevalence of hair loss, its psychological consequences, and historically subpar treatments present a unique challenge to the physician. The current Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments for hair loss are plagued by ineffectiveness, noncompliance, and adverse effects. Recent advances in our understanding of hair physiology have fueled the development of more efficacious, minimally invasive, and safer treatment options for hair restoration including plasma-rich protein and stem cell therapy. Platelet-rich plasma, the autologous preparation of concentrated platelets in plasma, when injected into the scalp of patients with both androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA), has been shown to increase hair count and density. The clinical findings have been supported by histologic evaluation of the scalp skin. These findings have been recapitulated in numerous randomized controlled trials. Stem cell therapy, although newer in its application in hair restoration, has also been effective for treating both AGA and AA. The isolation techniques for stem cells are varied, but regardless have shown promising results in early prospective and retrospective studies.

Nonshaven follicular unit extraction (NS-FUE) is the most state-of-the-art surgical technique in the field of follicular unit hair transplantation. It is particularly appealing because donor area shaving, one of the most serious impediments for the patient, can be omitted. In this article, we present our surgical approach for NS-FUE. We selectively used the direct or the pretrimming method of NS-FUE according to indication, determined by considering the location and purpose of transplantation, the condition of the recipient site, and the patient's preference. A total of 658 patients underwent NS-FUE. Of these, 17 had pubic atrichia, 2 had pubic atrichia and also received hairline correction surgery, 6 received eyebrow transplantation, 19 had female pattern hair loss, 362 had male pattern baldness (MPB), 2 had MPB and also required eyebrow transplantation, 3 received hair transplantation for MPB and scalp scar, 9 underwent male hairline correction surgery, 192 underwent female hairline surgery, and 46 received hair transplantation for scalp scar. The average numbers of transplanted grafts were 573 for atrichia, 1300 for atrichia and hairline correction performed successively, 240 for eyebrow transplantation, 996 for female pattern hair loss, 1408 for MPB (with a maximum of 3000), 1050 for MPB and eyebrow transplantation, 998 for female pattern hair loss (with a maximum of 1910), and 141 for scalp scar. On average, the total transection rate was 8.2%, and the calculated density was 2.2.

A simultaneous quantitative profiling method for androgens and prostaglandins using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated to evaluate urinary androgen and prostaglandin levels. Solid-phase extraction and liquid–liquid extraction steps were combined during the sample preparation. β-Glucuronidase/arylsulfatase was also used in the enzyme hydrolysis step. Chemical derivatization was performed using 2-hydrazinopyridine for simultaneous determination of androgen and prostaglandin in the same ionization mode. The analytes were all separated and measured using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive ion mode within a run time of 22 min. The method was validated, achieving overall recoveries ranging from 81.0 to 102.9% with limits of quantification ranging from 0.01 to 2 ng/mL. The intra-day accuracy and precision ranged from 6.5 to 14.3% and from 77.1 to 106.8%, respectively. The inter-day accuracy and precision ranged from 8.9 to 18.2% and 89.9 to 101.4%, respectively. The linearity was expressed using the correlation coefficient, which was >0.99. The method developed herein was used to investigate the effects of a one-year finasteride treatment through differences in urinary androgen and prostaglandin levels between treated male pattern baldness patients and normal controls. The urinary androgen and prostaglandin levels were not significantly different between the two groups because of the administration of finasteride. The results confirmed that finasteride affects androgens and PGs related to hair regrowth and growth length, and a one-year finasteride treatment is effective for MPB. The mass spectrometry-based quantitative profiling method used herein for the investigation of male pattern baldness also holds great potential for the evaluation of androgens and prostaglandins associated with the metabolism of various inflammatory diseases.

Background The relationship between male pattern baldness and incidence of testicular cancer remains inconclusive. Hence, we performed the present meta-analysis based on all eligible case–control studies. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in July 30th 2018 based on PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of science database. Pooled odds ratio(OR) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was calculated with a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects. Results The pooled results were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, We have demonstrated statistically signification between baldness(any pattern) and testicular cancer was identified (OR: 0.61, 95% CI:0.50–0.74). There was no obvious heterogeneity across included studies (P = 0.22 for heterogeneity, I2 = 30%). When subgroup analysis by types of baldness, We found a statistically significant association was observed that baldness(I-VII) might become a protective factor for the risk of testicular germ cell tumor(TGCT). There was no definite connection between alopecia and the different types of TGCT. Conclusion Individuals with any pattern baldness may have a decreased risk of testicular cancer, all of analyses studies are warranted to confirm our preliminary findings. According to subgroup analysis of different hair loss grades, we found that 2 stage(II) hair loss can decrease more strongly testicular cancer risk than any other grades. Despite of our findings, We still need further researches to advance knowledge in this field.

Male pattern baldness (MPB) is a sex-limited, age-related, complex trait. We study MPB genetics in 205,327 European males from the UK Biobank. Here we show that MPB is strongly heritable and polygenic, with pedigree-heritability of 0.62 (SE = 0.03) estimated from close relatives, and SNP-heritability of 0.39 (SE = 0.01) from conventionally-unrelated males. We detect 624 near-independent genome-wide loci, contributing SNP-heritability of 0.25 (SE = 0.01), of which 26 X-chromosome loci explain 11.6%. Autosomal genetic variance is enriched for common variants and regions of lower linkage disequilibrium. We identify plausible genetic correlations between MPB and multiple sex-limited markers of earlier puberty, increased bone mineral density (rg = 0.15) and pancreatic β-cell function (rg = 0.12). Correlations with reproductive traits imply an effect on fitness, consistent with an estimated linear selection gradient of -0.018 per MPB standard deviation. Overall, we provide genetic insights into MPB: a phenotype of interest in its own right, with value as a model sex-limited, complex trait., Male pattern baldness (MPB) is a polygenic trait that affects the majority of European men. Here, Yap et al. estimate heritability, partitioned by autosomes and the X-chromosome, of MPB in the UK Biobank cohort, perform GWAS for MPB and find genetic correlation with other sex-specific traits.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background In contrast with the well-established impact of heart failure (HF) medical treatment reducing HF hospitalizations and improving survival, its impact on ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is based mainly on circumstantial evidence. Aim To evaluate prevalence of HF medical treatment and its impact on VA and overall survival among HF patients implanted with primary prevention ICD/CRTD. Methods Single center retrospective analysis of all HF patients implanted with ICD/CRTD as primary prevention. Patients" indication for implant according to guidelines was confirmed by a senior EP physician. Thereafter, the association of HF medications and dose (% guideline recommended target dose) of beta-blockers (BB), Angiotensin-antagonists (AgA), Mineralocorticoid-antagonsits (MRA), and Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs (AAD) with VA episodes and overall mortality was analyzed, based on patients" medical records and device clinic regular interrogations. Results 186 HF patients qualifying for primary prevention ICD/CRTD implant according to HF and device guidelines, were included. Their mean ± SD age 66.4 ± 12 years, 15.1% female, 79 (42.5%) implanted with an ICD and 107 (57.5%) with CRTD. During 3.8 [2.1;6.7] (median[IQR]) years; 52 (28%) had VA and 77 (41.4%) died. Treatment (medication, % of patients) included: BB (83%), AgA (87%), MRA (59%), and AAD (43.5%). Doses were 25[12.5;50]% of target for BB or AgA and 25[0;50]% of target for MRA. Treatment with >25% target dose of BB was associated with significantly reduced VA incidence. In a multivariable model including age, gender, diabetes, heart rate, and medication doses, increased BB dose was significantly and independently associated with reduced VA (HR 0.443 95%CI 0.222-0.885; p = 0.021). Kapkan-Myer analysis for survival without VA according to each medication group dose, supported reduced VA among patients receiving > median dose of BB (Figure 1). Multivariable model for overall mortality including age, gender, renal disease, VA, and medical treatment; VA was associated with increased mortality (HR 2.672; 95% CI 1.429-4.999; p = 0.002) while AgA treatment was significantly and independently associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.515; 95% CI 0.285-0.929; p = 0.028). Conclusions In this cohort of real-life HF patients discharged after primary prevention ICD/CRTD implant, most of the patients were prescribed with guideline-based HF medications albeit with low doses. Higher BB dose was associated with reduced VA, while treatment with AgA was associated with improved survival. Abstract Figure. Survival without VA according to HF medi

Androgenic alopecia (AGA), also known as male pattern baldness, is one of the most common hair loss diseases worldwide. The main treatments of AGA include hair transplant surgery, oral medicines, and LDL laser irradiation, although no treatment to date can fully cure this disease. Animal models play important roles in the exploration of potential mechanisms of disease development and in assessing novel treatments. The present study describes androgen receptor (AR) in C57BL/6 mouse hair follicles that can be activated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and translocate to the nucleus. This led to the design of a mouse model of androgen-induced AGA in vivo and in vitro. DHT was found to induce early hair regression, hair miniaturization, hair density loss, and changes in hair morphology in male C57BL/6 mice. These effects of DHT could be partly reversed by the AR antagonist bicalutamide. DHT had similar effects in an ex vivo model of hair loss. Evaluation of histology, organ culture, and protein expression could explain the mechanism by which DHT delayed hair regrowth.

This cohort study examines the proportion of transgender and gender-diverse individuals patients receiving masculinizing hormone therapy who developed androgenetic alopecia.

Summary Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with menstrual irregularities, ovulatory dysfunction, hirsutism, insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic syndrome but is rarely associated with severe hyperandrogenaemia and virilisation resulting in male pattern baldness and clitoromegaly. Total serum testosterone greater than twice the upper limit of the reference range or free androgen index of over five-fold elevated suggests a diagnosis other than PCOS. We reported a case of a 15 years old obese girl presented with secondary amenorrhoea, virilising signs: frontal baldness, clitoromegaly and prominent signs of insulin resistance and marked acanthosis nigricans. Her total testosterone level was markedly elevated at 9.4 nmol/L (0.5–1.7 nmol/L) and MRI pelvis revealed a right ovarian mass with fat and cystic component and a left polycystic ovary. The patient underwent laparoscopic right ovarian cystectomy and histologically confirmed mature cystic teratoma. Post-operatively, her testosterone level declined but did not normalise, menses resumed but remained irregular. Her fasting insulin was elevated 85.2 mIU/L (3–25 mIU/L) and HOMA-IR was high at 13.1 (>2) with persistent acanthosis nigricans suggesting co-existing HAIR-AN syndrome, an extreme phenotype of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Learning points: Rapid onset of hyperandrogenic symptoms, especially if associated with signs of virilisation must raise the suspicion of an androgen-secreting tumour. Total serum testosterone greater than twofold the upper limit of the reference range or free androgen indices over fivefold suggest a diagnosis other than polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). High levels of testosterone with normal levels of the DHEA-S suggest an ovarian source. Ovarian androgen-secreting tumour and HAIR-AN syndrome, an extreme spectrum of PCOS can co-exist.

[Figure][1] It’s a question often asked, frequently debated, and nearly always recorded in the patients’ medical history. After all, that’s basically all surgeons have to rely on when trying to predict the course of male pattern baldness (MPB) in their patients. Certainly, men in their

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common variant of male pattern baldness in which occurrence and development of multiple genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors are involved. We aimed to estimate plasma element content (Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Se, Fe), vitamin status (B12, D, E, and folic acid) in patients with AGA using direct colorimetric tests or atomic absorption spectrometry, and the influence of these parameters in the formation of various hair loss patterns. The study included 50 patients with I-IV stages of AGA divided into two groups with normal and high levels of dihydrotestosterone compared with 25 healthy individuals. The presence of two patterns of pathological hair loss in the androgen-dependent (parietal) and androgen-independent (occipital) areas of the scalp was confirmed. It was shown that all patients with AGA have a deficiency of elements (Zn, Cu, Mg, Se) and vitamins (B12, E, D, folic acid). However, the hair loss rate was not due to their content. А positive interrelation between quantitative trichogram parameters in the occipital region and iron metabolism in pairs "hair density vs Fe" and "hair diameter vs ferritin" was shown. In turn, in the parietal region, an inverse correlation of hair diameter with plasma Cu level was found, the most pronouncing in patients with high levels of dihydrotestosterone. The obtained results indicate the importance of multiple micronutrient deficiencies in the AGA occurrence accompanied by the existence of two different hair loss patterns, differently related to the content of certain trace elements and androgens in the blood.

OBJECTIVES: Androgenic alopecia is characterized by a receding hairline and hair loss from the frontal scalp. This genetic condition affects approximately 80% of men and 42% of women. Finasteride is the only oral treatment currently approved by the FDA to prevent and treat androgenic alopecia, and it is currently prescribed to over nine million males in the US. Recent claims suggest that long-term use of finasteride could have detrimental health effects by affecting the lipid profile in people. Finasteride prevents the conversion of testosterone to its active metabolite dihydrotestosterone by inhibiting the type II 5 alpha-reductase, which is predominantly present in the hair follicle and the prostate. As a result, finasteride alters the systemic levels of testosterone and its derivative estradiol. Hormone homeostasis affects plasma lipid levels, therefore we hypothesize that supplementation with finasteride will affect systemic lipid profile in atheroprone low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr(−)(/)(−)) mice fed a Western diet (high cholesterol, high fat). METHODS: We fed six-week-old male Ldlr(−)(/-)mice (10/group) fed a Western diet (control) or a Western diet supplemented with 10 mg Finasteride/kg diet for 12 weeks. We monitored body weight progression and food intake during the entire experiment. A week before harvesting the tissues, mice were fasted overnight to perform a glucose tolerance test. At the moment of sacrifice, final body weight and several tissues were collected such as the inguinal, retroperitoneal, and gonadal adipose tissues, skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius), and liver. Plasma was harvested to determine total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. RESULTS: Our data show that 12-week supplementation with a low dose of finasteride does not have a significant impact on food intake, body weight, or adiposity index. We did not observe any significant change in plasma lipids or glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: A low dose of finasteride supplemented for 12 weeks does not alter the lipid profile in the atheroprone Ldlr(−)(/-)mouse model, nor alters adiposity index. These data indicate that finasteride does not have detrimental effects on these metabolic parameters. FUNDING SOURCES: U.S. Department of Agriculture (Multi-State grant project W4002).