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Objective To investigate the age-related changes of the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in individuals in East China, and to explore the feasibility of applying this method to determine whether an individual is 18 years or older. Methods A total of 1 280 oral panoramic images were collected from the 15-30 years old East China population, and the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in all oral panoramic images was evaluated using OLZE 0-3 four-stage method, and the age distribution of the samples at each stage was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Stages 0, 1, 2 and 3 first appeared in 16.88, 19.18, 21.91 and 25.44 years for males and in 17.47, 20.91, 22.01 and 26.01 years for females. In all samples, individuals at stages 1 to 3 were over 18 years old. Conclusion It is feasible to determine whether an individual in East China is 18 years or older based on the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility on oral panoramic images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleft lip and cleft palate are common congenital craniofacial birth defects in humans. Phenytoin (PHT) is a risk factor of cleft palate formation; however, the molecular mechanisms by which phenytoin exerts its teratogenic effects resulting in cleft palate remain unknown. The Satb2 gene mutation is associated with cleft palate. Satb2-deficient mice exhibit cleft palate deformity and an up-regulation of Hoxa2 in the fronto-nasal region. In this study, phenytoin was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant C57BL/6 mice on the 10th day of gestation. Real-time PCR results showed that the expressions of Satb2 and Hoxa2 in craniofacial tissues of mouse embryos were obviously different at different time points. The Satb2 gene was down-regulated and the Hoxa2 gene was up-regulated in phenytoin-treated mouse embryonic craniofacial tissue. We conclude that phenytoin may regulate the expression of these two genes in C57BL/6 mice and it may also be involved in the formation of cleft palate. Key words: Satb2, Hoxa2, phenytoin, cleft lip, cleft palate. Les fentes labiales et palatines sont des malformations congenitales craniofaciales communes chez l'humain. La phenytoine (PHT) constitue un facteur de risque de la fente palatine mais les mecanismes moleculaires de son action teratogene demeurent inconnus. La mutation du gene Satb2 aete associea la fente palatine. Les souris depourvues de Satb2 sont affectees d'une fente palatine et montrent une augmentation de l'expression du gene Hoxa2 dans la region frontonasale. Dans cette etude, la PHT a ete administree de facon intra-peritoneale a des souris C57BL/6gravides au dixieme jour de gestation. Les resultats de PCR en temps reel ont montre que l'expression des genes Satb2 et Hoxa2 dans les tissus craniofaciaux des embryons de souris etait manifestement differente a differents temps, et nous avons trouve une diminution de l'expression de Satb2 et une augmentation de l'expression de Hoxa2 dans les tissus cranio-faciaux des embryons de souris traitees au PHT. Nous concluons que la phenytoine peut reguler l'expression de ces deux genes chez les souris C57BL/6 et qu'elle pourrait etre impliquee dans la formation de la fente palatine. Mots-cles : Satb2, Hoxa2, phenytoine, fente labiale, fente palatine. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The development of the palate consists of two stages: primary and secondary palate formation. In the fourth week (embryonic day (ED) 9.5 in mice), the neural crest cells migrate [...]

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) has been proposed as a novel immune-suppressing cytokine. However, the function of IL-35 in malignant diseases is yet to be elucidated. The present study investigated IL-35 expression levels in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and the peripheral blood of patients to explore the potential involvement of IL-35 in LSCC progression. In the present study, IL-35 expression levels in tissues and peripheral blood were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between IL-35 expression levels and clinical characteristics was also evaluated. The present results demonstrated that IL-35 expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues, and a significant association between IL-35 expression levels in tissues and the tumor site was detected. Furthermore, the expression of IL-35 in the peripheral blood of patients was significantly decreased subsequent to tumor resection. No correlation between peripheral blood IL-35 expression and clinical characteristics was detected. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that IL-35 is highly expressed in LSCC tissues and in the peripheral blood of patients with LSCC. There was a notable, significant reduction of peripheral blood IL-35 expression following surgical resection of tumors. These results may be useful for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in patients with LSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the age-related changes of the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in individuals in East China, and to explore the feasibility of applying this method to determine whether an individual is 18 years or older., Methods: A total of 1 280 oral panoramic images were collected from the 15-30 years old East China population, and the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility in all oral panoramic images was evaluated using OLZE 0-3 four-stage method, and the age distribution of the samples at each stage was analyzed using descriptive statistics., Results: Stages 0, 1, 2 and 3 first appeared in 16.88, 19.18, 21.91 and 25.44 years for males and in 17.47, 20.91, 22.01 and 26.01 years for females. In all samples, individuals at stages 1 to 3 were over 18 years old., Conclusions: It is feasible to determine whether an individual in East China is 18 years or older based on the mandibular third molar root pulp visibility on oral panoramic images.

The functional properties of endogenous Schwann cells (SCs) during nerve repair are dynamic. Optimizing the functional properties of SCs at different stages of nerve repair may have therapeutic benefit in improving the repair of damaged nerves. Previous studies showed that miR-221-3p promotes the proliferation and migration of SCs, and miR-338-3p promotes the myelination of SCs. In this study, we established rat models of sciatic nerve injury by bridging the transected sciatic nerve with a silicone tube. We injected a miR-221 lentiviral vector system together with a doxycycline-inducible Tet-On miR-338 lentiviral vector system into the cavity of nerve conduits of nerve stumps to sequentially regulate the biological function of endogenous SCs at different stages of nerve regeneration. We found that the biological function of SCs was sequentially regulated, the diameter and density of myelinated axons were increased, the expression levels of NF200 and myelin basic protein were increased, and the function of injured peripheral nerve was improved using this system. miRNA Target Prediction Database prediction, Nanopore whole transcriptome sequencing, quantitative PCR, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay results predicted and verified Cdkn1b and Nrp1 as target genes of miR-221-3p and miR-338-3p, respectively, and their regulatory effects on SCs were confirmed in vitro. In conclusion, here we established a new method to enhance nerve regeneration through sequential regulation of biological functions of endogenous SCs, which establishes a new concept and model for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. The findings from this study will provide direct guiding significance for clinical treatment of sciatic nerve injury., Competing Interests: None

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between upper airway and mandible morphology in patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion with cone-beam CT (CBCT)., Methods: Thirty-three volunteers with individual normal occlusion and thirty-three patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion were selected to undergo CBCT. All samples were outputted to Dicom and reconstructed using Mimics 19.0 medical software． SPSS 19.0 software package was used to analyze the differences between the two groups. Correlation between the two groups was evaluated using Pearson's coefficient analysis． RESULTS: Fifteen parameters showed significant difference between individual normal occlusion and the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion(P<0.05). There were 10 significant correlational parameters between mandible length and upper airway of the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion group． There were 13 significant correlational parameters between the arch width of the maxilla and upper airway of the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion group． There were 3 significant correlational parameters between the arch width of the mandible and upper airway of the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion group． CONCLUSIONS: The upper airway morphology of skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion is correlated with maxillary and mandibular parameters．.

The crown inclination, representing an angle formed by the clinical crown axis and a line which bears 90 degrees to the occlusal plane, reflects the labiolingual or buccolingual inclination of the long axis of the crown. The crown inclination is related to the races. And it is compensated by different vertical or sagittal jaw relationships. It plays an important role in fine occlusal relationship and achieving functional, artistic and stable treatment goal. The torque design of the straight wire bracket is based on the normal crown inclination. There is much discrepancy in the torque design of the different straight wire bracket because of the different race and philosophy. This review gave a brief introduction of the influential factors, the clinical meaning of the crown inclination and the torque design of the different bracket system.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on endometrial cancer cell., Methods: In vitro experiments of 5-Aza-CdR were done using human endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B. Evaluation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis was ascertained respectively using trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry. RT-PCR and methylation specific PCR(MSP) was done to detect the expression of RASSF1A mRNA and methylation status of RASSF1A promoter of HEC-1B cell line., Results: (1) The status of cellular growth and apoptosis of HEC-1B cell line: the growth inhibition effects of 5-Aza-CdR on HEC-1B cell line were both concentration-dependent (P < 0.01) and time-dependent (P < 0.01), as well as the apoptosis rate of HBC-1-B cell line depended on the dose of 5-Aza-CdR obviously (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of RASSF1A mRNA of HEC-1B cell line: RASSF1A mRNA was expressed in HEC-1B cell after 5-Aza-CdR treatment, but it was undetectable before the treatment. In the groups with different concentration of 5-Aza-CdR (0.05, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 nmol/ml), the expression of RASSF1A mRNA was respectively 0.074 +/- 0.004, 0.105 +/- 0.004, 0.167 +/- 0.006, 0.334 +/- 0.005, 0.484 +/- 0.007, which were remarkably different from the group without 5-Aza-CdR(the expression of RASSF1A mRNA was 0; P < 0.01). (3) The hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter of HEC-1B cell line: the hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter was detected in HEC-1B cell line. The status of hypermethylation was decreased after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR of 0.05, 0.1, 1, 5 nmol/ml, meanwhile, both methylation bands and demethylation bands were observed by methylation specific PCR. After the treatment with 5-Aza-CdR of 10 nmol/ml the hypermethylation was absent absolutely., Conclusions: (1) In HEC-1B cell line, 5-Aza-CdR can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apopotosis. (2) 5-Aza-CdR can renew the expression of RASSF1A mRNA of HEC-1B cell line and reverse the hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter.

Background: To study arboviruses carried by mosquitoes in Liaoning Province in 2002., Methods: Totally 4927 mosquitoes were collected from Liaoning Province in July 2002. Virus strains were isolated by inoculating BHK-21, C6/36 and Vero cells. The newly isolated strains were identified by serological (ELISA and IFA) and molecular methods (Real-Time PCR and RT-PCR)., Results: Two strains were isolated from mosquitoes causing cytopathogenic effect (CPE) on cells and were fatal to suckling mice. Serological tests showed that both were positive for the antibody to JEV. The PrM and E gene were cloned and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the new isolates belonged to genotype I, JEV. Sequence analysis showed that the homology of nucleotide sequences and amino acid (AA) sequences between the two strains was 100%. Compared with the nucleotide sequences between the two strains and the standard JEV vaccine strain SA14-14-2, the difference was up to 4.11%, and the difference of AA was 0.6%., Conclusion: Two strains of JEV were isolated and identified in Liaoning province, both belonged to genotype I JEV.