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Genomic selection (GS) has been studied in several crops to increase the rates of genetic gain and reduce the length of breeding cycles. Despite its relevance, there are only a modest number of reports applied to the genus Coffea. Effective implementation depends on the ability to consider genomic models, which correctly represent breeding scenario in which the species are inserted. Coffee experimentation, in general, is represented by evaluations in multiple locations and harvests to understand the interaction and predict the performance of untested genotypes. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate GS models suitable for use in Coffea canephora. An expansion of traditional GBLUP was considered and genomic analysis was performed using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach, showed good potential to be used in coffee breeding programs. Interactions were modeled using the multiplicative mixed model theory, which is commonly used in multi-environment trials (MET) analysis in perennial crops. The effectiveness of the method used was compared with other genetic models in terms of goodness-of-fit statistics and prediction accuracy. Different scenarios that mimic coffee breeding were used in the cross-validation process. The method used had the lowest AIC and BIC values and, consequently, the best fit. In terms of predictive ability, the incorporation of the MET modeling showed higher accuracy (on average 10–17% higher) and lower prediction errors than traditional GBLUP. The results may be used as basis for additional studies into the genus Coffea and can be expanded for similar perennial crops. Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T23:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amixedmodeltomultipleharvestlocation.pdf: 7582544 bytes, checksum: 6bc261a5932b227648c935172d24bc31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07

The objective of this study was to describe the genetic parameters, adaptability, and stability of clones from the Coffea canephora variety ?Vitória Incaper 8142?, and the genetic divergence between them. Following 12 and 24 months of plant growth, several traits were evaluated, including stem diameter, plant height, canopy diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, and number of nodes per plagiotropic branch. The agronomic performance of four crops was determined using measurements of productivity, yield, percentage of floating grains, and grade of the beans. Variability was observed between the clones for the majority of the traits measured. The clones V7, V10, V12, and V13 were the most stable and displayed the highest degree of adaptation for the studied traits, and thus these clones will be used to establish a base population suited to the growing conditions in Alto Suaçuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Additionally, the genetic dissimilarity identified between clones allowed suitable clone combinations to be proposed for use in future crosses. Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T23:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adaptabilitystabilityadgeneticdivergence.pdf: 394407 bytes, checksum: d16def10454a3e2bba8fa7e4406a818d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07

ciclo de maturação dos frutos do cafeeiro Coffea canephora é uma característica de herança complexa, de expressão governada por vários genes influenciados pelo ambiente, o que resulta em uma característica quantitativa de distribuição contínua. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar os componentes genéticos do ciclo de maturação dos frutos de C. canephora visando caracterizar o mecanismo de herança e a influência do ambiente na expressão dessa característica. Para isso foram avaliados o número de dias e a soma térmica para a maturação dos frutos de 130 clones, avaliados ao longo de 36 meses, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com seis repetições de quatro plantas por parcela no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste - RO. Os valores genotípicos e os componentes de variância foram estimados utilizando-se métodos de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) e Melhor Predição Linear Não Viesada (BLUP) e a dissimilaridade entre os genótipos quantificada utilizando técnicas de agrupamento hierárquico. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos indicam maior acurácia da soma térmica para estimar o ciclo de maturação dos frutos, e uma predominância do efeito genotípico na expressão dessa característica. No dendrograma foi possível observar três grupos de maturação distintos que se mantiveram ao longo do tempo. Também foram observados genótipos (20%) que apresentaram mudanças em sua classificação devido à ação do ambiente. A quantificação da eficiência da seleção e o agrupamento dos clones de ciclo de maturação semelhante subsidiam o desenvolvimento de novas variedades de maior uniformidade de maturação de frutos. Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T23:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Componentesgeneticosdodesenvolvimentoematuracao.pdf: 918871 bytes, checksum: 528f2e6b6bebc3aee83e56270728d90a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 Título em inglês: Genetic components for fruit development and ripening of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner.

La producción de cafés especiales consiste en un arte, que emplea diferentes sistemas de manejo y producción y procesamiento, para obtención de resultados más ventajosos en lo que se refiere a la calidad final del producto. Distintos factores interactúan durante el ciclo de producción siendo, casi siempre, determinantes para la obtención de un producto de mejor calidad o, por otro lado, por su deterioración. Este trabajo objetiva estudiar la percepción cuanto al grado de importancia de diferentes formas y metodologías para producción de cafés especiales, por parte de productores y expertos, en la región serrana del Espírito Santo. Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T23:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Loscaminosdelacalidadunestudiosobrelavisiondeexpertos.pdf: 497090 bytes, checksum: 14f6d6b1c65407c01167c9a03853acb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07

In search to maintain the coffee quality, the period of time for which the coffee is kept in the plantation afterharvest (waiting transportation for the processing site) is one of the several factors that deserves scientific attention. This experiment aimed to identify and quantify losses of beverage quality suffered by Conilon coffee due to the time being kept in the field after harvesting, as an attempt to determine if the permanence of the bags in the plantation after harvest is possible before it causes detrimental effects over characteristics of beverage quality. The experiment followed a completely random design, with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions, using standardized bags of mature fruits of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner that were keptin the plantation field for periods of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 or 10 days after harvest. Samples from each bag were sent to chemical analyses, and triplicate samples of the processed coffee were sent to three separated sensorial analyses, each one performed by a different laboratory to asset the quality score and traits of the beverage. The results showed that the beverage quality suffers considerable losses due to the time of bags being kept in the field after harvesting. For many quality parameters, the detrimental effects of the permanence at fields start from the very first day, causing reduction of the quality score of the beverage and lowering the classification of the coffee.

As mudanças climáticas evidenciadas nos últimos tempos direcionam esforços nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento, na busca de alternativas para minimizar as consequências da seca, má distribuição de chuvas e elevação de temperaturas, além de propiciar soluções mais adequadas para todos. No atual cenário agrícola globalizado, incluindo o Espírito Santo, que se caracteriza por uma agricultura diversificada de pequenos produtores de base familiar, busca-se, por meio das estratégias de melhoramento, a obtenção e ou recomendação de cultivares para atender às demandas prioritárias da cadeia produtiva do Estado visando aos aspectos econômicos, sociais, culturais e à segurança alimentar. O deficit hídrico e a má distribuição de chuvas têm afetado de forma expressiva o agronegócio capixaba. A exploração da variabilidade genética natural e as disponibilizadas em Bancos Ativos de Germoplasma, aliadas às estratégias de melhoramento genético tanto convencional quanto com o uso de técnicas de biotecnologia, associadas aos conhecimentos da fisiologia relacionados à seca, entre outras áreas, têm sido a base dos trabalhos desenvolvidos pelo Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper) e parceiros para o desenvolvimento e/ou recomendação de materiais genéticos das principais culturas econômica e socialmente relevantes do Estado. O uso de cultivares melhoradas de diferentes espécies pelos agricultores capixabas tem sido a base para a utilização de outras tecnologias e a promoção da evolução geral da agricultura do Espírito Santo.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os ganhos genéticos preditos por meio de diferentes índices de seleção pela metodologia REML/BLUP, em cinco caracteres de interesse ao programa de melhoramento do café conilon do Incaper. Foram avaliadas 8 progênies de meios-irmãos, de ciclo de maturação precoce, média de duas safras, com três repetições, o que totalizou 1368 observações, utilizados os índices de seleção clássico, multiplicativo e com base na soma de postos. Avaliaramse, na época de colheita, as características tamanho dos grãos (TG), produtividade (PRO), porte (PT), vigor vegetativo (VIG) e grau de inclinação (GI). A população foi avaliada na Fazenda Experimental de Marilândia, região Noroeste do estado do Espírito Santo. As análises genético-estatísticas foram realizadas pelo programa Selegen - REM/BLUP. Verificou-se, a partir da análise dos parâmetros genéticos, um excelente potencial seletivo entre famílias, para todas as características avaliadas. O índice Mulamba e Mock foi o que mostrou maior eficiência de seleção entre famílias de meios-irmãos de café conilon.

Coffea canephora genotypes from the breeding program of Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa e Extensão Rural were evaluated, and genetic diversity was estimated with the aim of future improvement strategies. From an initial group of 55 genotypes, 18 from the region of Castelo, ES, were selected, and three clones of the cultivars ?Vitória? and ?robusta tropical.? Upon completion of the scheduled cycle pruning, 17 morphoagronomic traits were measured in the 22 genotypes selected. The principal components method was used to evaluate the contributions relative to the traits. The genetic dissimilarity matrix was obtained through Mahalanobis generalized distance, and genotypes were grouped using the hierarchical method based on the mean of the distances. The most promising clones of Avaliação Castelo were AC02, AC03, AC12, AC13, AC22, AC24, AC26, AC27, AC28, AC29, AC30, AC35, AC36, AC37, AC39, AC40, AC43, and AC46. These methods detected high genetic variability, grouping, by similarity, the genotypes in five groups. The trait that contributed the least to genetic divergence was the number of leaves in plagiotropic branches; however, this was not eliminated, because discarding it altered the groups. There are superior genotypes with potential for use in the next stages of the breeding program, aimed at both the composition of clonal variety and hybridizations

The use of multivariate techniques for factor analysis is an efficient alternative for coffee breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 60 genotypes of conilon coffee based on agronomic performance in the northern state of Espírito Santo and to estimate the relative contribution of different agronomic characteristics towards the diversity of the species. The data were collected in an experiment conducted on the Experimental Farm of Bananal do Norte (Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extenção Rural ? INCAPER) in the southern state of Espírito Santo, and 12 agronomic characteristics were evaluated over four sequential harvests (4 years). Significant differences between the genotypes were observed for all of the characteristics, indicating the possibility of exploiting the high genetic variability to classify the genotypes into different groups based on their similarities. Of the agronomic characteristics, the duration of the ripening cycle was the variable that contributed the most to the variability among the 60 genotypes, with a relative contribution of 70.02%.

Microsatellite markers (SSR) have broad utility in genetic studies due to a high rate of polymor-phisms, a codominant nature and multiallelism. EST?SSRs are markers derived from the expressed sequences of a genome and represent transcribed genes. Despite the importance of the genus Coffea , only a small number of EST?SSR markers are currently available. Thus, this study was designed to mine and develop a new set of EST?SSR markers from the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project. We investigated 130,792 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), from which 24,031 DNA sequences with microsatellites were identified. After stability and amplification testing, 101 new EST?SSR markers were developed and analyzed in different coffee species. The average rate of transferability was 88 %, showing that these markers are useful in genetic studies across the genus Coffea. Polymorphism levels and the degree of diversity were consistent with the evolutionary history of the species. All coffee genotypes were discriminated, even the C. arabica genotypes that have known narrow genetic basis. It was also possible to locate 14 EST? SSRs into different linkage groups of the C. arabica genetic map, which demonstrate that these markers can be useful in QTL mapping studies and in molecular-assisted selection.

The use of molecular markers to study genetic diversity represents a breakthrough in this area, because of the increase in polymorphism levels and phenotypic neutrality. Codominant markers, such as microsatellites (SSR), are sensitive enough to distinguish the heterozygotes in genetic studies. Despite this advantage, there are some studies that ignore this feature and work with encoded data because of the simplicity of the evaluation, existence of polyploids and need for the combined analysis of different types of molecular markers. Thus, our study aims to investigate the consequences of these encodings on simulated and real data. In addition, we suggest an alternative analysis for genetic evaluations using different molecular markers. For the simulated data, we proposed the following two scenarios: the first uses SNP markers, and the second SSR markers. For real data, we used the SSR genotyping data from Coffea canephora accessions maintained in the Embrapa Germplasm Collection. The genetic diversity was studied using cluster analysis, the dissimilarity index, and the Bayesian approach implemented in the STRUCTURE software. For the simulated data, we observed a loss of genetic information to the encoded data in both scenarios. The same result was observed in the coffee studies. This loss of information was discussed in the context of a plantbreeding program, and the consequences were weighted to germplasm evaluations and the selection of parents for hybridization. In the studies that involved different types of markers, an alternative to the combined analysis is discussed, where the informativeness, coverage and quality of markers are weighted in the genetic diversity studies. Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-27T06:24:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio.cpatsa.2014.pdf: 1503662 bytes, checksum: ebd89b78d532d3aa7f5329d73908e3f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07

The Vitória Incaper 8142? variety of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora), presents superior productivity in relation to the others released so far. It consists of thirteen elite clones, whose cultivation is performed in lines. This work aimed to quantify the initial development of the clones which compose ?Vitória Incaper 8142? variety. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, under a completely randomized design, with 13 treatments (clones) and seven repetitions. The plants were cultivated in vases and evaluated by 210 days after plantation. The 1V, 2V, 8V, 11V and 13V clones presented superior development in relation to the others concerning leaf number, plant height, plagiothropic branch emission, stem dry matter, root dry matter, air part dry matter and total dry matter. In general, this cultivar presents two groups of clones concerning the development by 210 days of plantation. The data indicates that the management can be different among the clones since the initial stage and that studies involving different environments are necessary in order to confirm these results. Título em portugues: Avaliação do desenvolvimento inicial de clones de café conilon (Coffea canephora).

Resumo ? O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar uma metodologia de análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de genótipos de café baseada em regressão não paramétrica. A técnica utilizada difere das demais, pois reduz a influência na estimação do parâmetro de adaptabilidade de algum ponto extremo, ocasionado pela presença de genótipos com respostas demasiadamente diferenciadas a determinado ambiente. Foram utilizados dados provenientes de um experimento sobre produtividade média de grãos de 40 genótipos de café (Coffea canephora), com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições. Os genótipos foram avaliados em cinco anos (1996, 1998, 1999, 2000 e 2001), em dois locais (Sooretama e Marilândia, ES) no total de dez ambientes. A metodologia proposta demonstrou ser adequada e eficiente, pois extingue os efeitos impróprios induzidos pela presença de pontos extremos e evita a recomendação incorreta de genótipos quanto à adaptabilidade.

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of 49 Coffea canephora clones of the breeding program of the Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Incaper) based on RAPD markers. Thirty-one primers were used with polymorphism patterns that generated 333 markers, of which 231 (69.4%) were polymorphic. The group of genotypes based on the UPGMA algorithm and Tocher optimization methods detected high divergence in the genotypes. It was found that the component clones of each clone variety recommended by Incaper are distributed in various genetically dissimilar groups, in spite of common phenotypic traits. The relatively wide genetic diversity observed here demonstrates the importance of hybridizations between these germplasms. The RAPD markers efficiently estimated the genetic divergence in the 49 C. canephora genotypes studied. Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T22:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geneticdivergence.pdf: 200271 bytes, checksum: de82b9e00d1e335b609f08c2dcdf001c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-10

The purpose of this study was to verify the possibility of using direct selection in nine traits underlying indirect selection for yield and determine which traits should participate in the selection process. Data of 40 Conilon coffee genotypes were analyzed in two experiments in the growing seasons of 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001 in random blocks with four and six replications. The significance of phenotypic associations was evaluated by the t test and the genotypic and environmental associations by bootstrap resampling. The genotypic associations were higher than the phenotypic, indicating a prevailing influence of the genotypic over the environmental effects in the relationship between significant traits; equal signs indicated a lack of contrary action among the effects. The traits related to cycle; yield; ratio of fresh ripe cherries to clean coffee; empty or flat grains; and sieve 17 should be maintained in the selection, evaluation and study of genetic divergence. The estimated gains in grain yield by indirect selection for any trait studied are not satisfactory.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e obter as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e não genéticos de 40 materiais genéticos do programa de melhoramento genético de café Conilon do Incaper, no Estado do Espírito Santo. Foram analisados dados de dois experimentos, nos municípios de Marilândia e Sooretama, ES, nas safras de 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 e 2002, em que se avaliaram 16 características. Realizou-se, inicialmente, a análise de variância individual, por local em cada ano, com base na média de parcelas, em blocos ao acaso. Posteriormente foi feita a análise de variância conjunta. Os genótipos apresentaram grande variabilidade genética para a maioria das características avaliadas. Os elevados coeficientes de determinação genotípico e coeficientes de variação genéticos, associados às altas produtividades e à variabilidade genética indicam a possibilidade de obtenção de êxitos em programas de melhoramento genético para diferentes características avaliadas nos dois municípios. Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T22:29:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Parametrosgeneticos.pdf: 2285255 bytes, checksum: 9de7ad4f0f51276968cbfc24f3f38db1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-15