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The 2015 Fundão tailings dam collapse in Mariana, Brazil, was a major environmental catastrophe. Assessing its long-term effects on water quality is critical for environmental restoration and policy development. In this study, we reconstructed a 15-year time series of five water quality parameters to assess whether the collapse caused permanent changes. Using public data from the Minas Gerais Water Institute (IGAM), we fitted generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape to model long-term trends in turbidity, total solids, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Predictor variables included daily precipitation and smooth functions for time and longitudinal distance along the river. As expected, turbidity and total solids increased sharply after the collapse; however, the mean values returned to pre-collapse levels within four years. Conductivity, which was already elevated pre-collapse, remained high following the passage of the tailings plume. Although we observed a tendency toward pre-collapse values, the long-term conductivity mean did not fully stabilize to previous levels. No clear patterns were observed for pH or dissolved oxygen. This study highlights the acute impact of the dam collapse on five water quality parameters in the Doce River and illustrates the river's subsequent stabilization process, although other important and chronic impacts are still persistent. Long-term studies such as this provide valuable insights into the dynamics of fluvial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La primera condena a los libros De Rege et Regis institutione por parte de la Sorbona, con fecha de 4 de junio de 1610, se produjo en un contexto de frenética producción propagandística e intelectual que tuvo como objetivo desprestigiar a la Compañía de Jesús. A raíz de la presunta involucración de algunos de sus miembros en hechos como los intentos fallidos de asesinato de Enrique IV de Francia o, posteriormente, el intento que sí tuvo éxito, numerosos panfletos y otros textos usaron las palabras de Mariana como causa de acusación principal. También se echó manos de otros autores como Ribadeneira o Belarmino. La intervención de Pierre Coton con su Lettre déclaratoire no apaciguó a sus enemigos, sino que avivó el ya encendido debate. La respuesta más destacada fue el Anticoton, que obtuvo respuesta por parte de un padre jesuita no identificado en la Response apologetique à l’Anticoton. Tal respuesta obligó a la Sorbona a reunirse de nuevo para decretar una segunda condena a Mariana y una primera a este texto. Este trabajo transcribe la censura publicada por la Sorbona el 1 de febrero de 1611.

The Mariana subduction system is an ideal place for ocean–ocean convergence boundary research. As a typical example of an extensional subduction model, the subduction process, subduction mechanism and subduction effect of this system have long been popular research topics. The seismic reflection information of oceanic sedimentary layers shown on multichannel seismic profiles is an intuitive record of small‐ to medium‐scale structural activity and sedimentary sequence evolution and is an important source for studying plate‐coupling processes and tectonic dynamic action. This paper is based on the raw multichannel seismic data of MGL1204 in the Mariana arc forearc region; these data were obtained by using linear interference filter technique noise attenuation technology and multiple velocity iterations to accurately image the oceanic sedimentary layer, and the imagery is used to study the Cenozoic fracture activity and residual strata thickness distribution characteristics of the middle part of the Mariana forearc region and to explore the tectonic migration characteristics of the Cenozoic sedimentary basins. We believe that due to the influence of regional stress field changes caused by the movement directions of the Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate towards the Eurasian Plate, the development of secondary structures in the western Pacific subduction zone shows a characteristic west‐to‐east migration, and the structural characteristics of the Mariana forearc Cenozoic sedimentary basin are consistent with the regional tectonic features. The faults, stratigraphy and depocentres of the oceanic sedimentary layer show a migration pattern from west to east and from north to south overall; 25 and 13 Ma are identified as two key tectonic migration periods, and the tectonic migration characteristics and time records of the basin also provide direct evidence for the plate reconstruction model of trench retreat and Philippine Sea plate rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: El ascenso del neoextractivismo como fuerza propulsora del desarrolho em los países latinoamericanos ha movilizado la agenda de investigación de las ciencias sociales durante las últimas dos décadas en todo el continente. En Brasil, el neoextractivismo ha estado acompañado de procesos de desregulación ambiental y de violación de derechos consagrados desde la redemocratización del país. En el estado de Minas Gerais, la recurrencia de desastres mineros apunta a procesos sociales eminentemente disruptivos y fragmentadores, que ponen en duda la confianza depositada en las expectativas modernas de control y seguridad. Lo que presenciamos en el presente es el daño, la violencia y el sufrimiento de la experiencia minera. En este contexto, las subjetividades políticas de las personas afectadas por la minería se construyen a través de múltiples caminos, no comúnmente visibles en el repertorio de resistencia. A partir de una investigación etnográfica sobre el desastre de Samarco/Vale/BHP en Rio Doce, Brasil, desde el colapso de la presa de Fundão, en 2015, el artículo analiza la diversidad que compone el universo de las mujeres afectadas para comprender cómo expresan sus experiencias de lucha por reparaciones y, en particular, las consecuencias de su protagonismo en la vida personal, profesional y comunitaria. Tomando como referencia la ecología política ecofeminista y latinoamericana, el análisis señala los límites de la visión masculina que generalmente prevalece en la formulación de mecanismos de gobernanza, que difícilmente se guían por una dimensión interseccional, lo que contribuye a empeorar el daño a las mujeres.

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Analisa a capacitação da equipe jurisdicional e o estímulo à autocomposição sob a ótica da atuação institucional do TJMG nos desastres socioambientais ocorridos nos Municípios de Mariana e Brumadinho. Identifica as estratégias adotadas nos casos sob análise, bem como eventual mudança de postura de um caso para outro com o escopo de auxiliar na promoção de futuras estratégias em casos semelhantes no âmbito do Poder Judiciário. A pesquisa utiliza a técnica de estudo de caso, análise cronológica de atos normativos, cursos encerrados pelas escolas judiciais, dados quantitativos, além de análise de literatura especializada. Os achados da pesquisa sugerem que não ocorreu pronta capacitação da equipe em relação ao caso de Mariana, porém identifica diversas medidas de incentivo à autocomposição, tanto no caso de Mariana quanto de Brumadinho.

The representation of home has remained in the forefront of studies from different periods in Western literature. When Victorian literature is considered, the poetry of Alfred Lord Tennyson stands out as it provides a fertile ground for the exploration of meanings home takes on to a serious extent. Two of his well-known poems, Mariana and The Lady of Shalott, can be regarded as illustrative of Victorian attitude toward women ensnarement through the symbol of home. More specifically, what makes the study of these poems somewhat special is that they enable contemporary readers to think critically about the ways in which home bears witness to traumatization of women by patriarchal restrictions. Therefore, this article will mainly show that home symbol in the selected poems is an essential component of a realistic representation of the status of women of the poet’s time thereby positing patriarchy as an unfair configuration of Victorian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho se insere no contexto pós-rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana (2015), no qual os indígenas do médio rio Doce, afetados pelo rompimento, afirmaram a morte do rio Doce (Watú kuém). Seu objetivo é investigar os significados nativos sobre a morte e contrastá-los com o campo jurídico, no qual se buscou reparar o “dano causado”, pelo que ficou conhecido como “caso de Mariana”. Após sete meses de pesquisa de campo, procede-se com uma leitura perspectivista das relações nativas para concluir sobre o conflito cosmológico e as repercussões ontológicas que tal enunciado nativo apresenta ao ser contrastado com as formas oficiais de resolução de conflito.

The examination of genetic structure in the deep‐ocean hadal zone has focused on divergence between tectonic trenches to understand how environment and geography may drive species divergence and promote endemism. There has been little attempt to examine localized genetic structure within trenches, partly because of logistical challenges associated with sampling at an appropriate scale, and the large effective population sizes of species that can be sampled adequately may mask underlying genetic structure. Here we examine genetic structure in the superabundant amphipod Hirondellea gigas in the Mariana Trench at depths of 8126–10,545 m. RAD sequencing was used to identify 3182 loci containing 43,408 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across individuals after stringent pruning of loci to prevent paralogous multicopy genomic regions being erroneously merged. Principal components analysis of SNP genotypes resolved no genetic structure between sampling locations, consistent with a signature of panmixia. However, discriminant analysis of principal components identified divergence between all sites driven by 301 outlier SNPs in 169 loci and significantly associated with latitude and depth. Functional annotation of loci identified differences between singleton loci used in analysis and paralogous loci pruned from the data set and also between outlier and nonoutlier loci, all consistent with hypotheses explaining the role of transposable elements driving genome dynamics. This study challenges the traditional perspective that highly abundant amphipods within a trench form a single panmictic population. We discuss the findings in relation to eco‐evolutionary and ontogenetic processes operating in the deep sea, and highlight key challenges associated with population genetic analysis in nonmodel systems with inherent large effective population sizes and genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterized the surf-zone fish assemblage structure of an ocean beach on the central coast of Brazil (Guriri Beach, Espírito Santo) and assessed its diel variability. Like the entire Espírito Santo coast, Guriri Beach was also affected by ore tailings from the Fundão dam, which collapsed on November 5, 2015. Monthly samplings were carried out before the dam collapse along a year cycle (May 2013-April 2014), during the day and night in the neap tide, using a beach seine. A total of 2217 specimens were caught (1017 during the day and 1200 at night), distributed in 36 fish species and 20 families. Juveniles of the kingcroaker Menticirrhus spp., great pompano Trachinotus goodei, Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus, littlescale threadfin Polydactylus oligodon, and Atlantic sabretooth anchovy Lycengraulis grossidens dominated the fish fauna, accounting for 84% of the total capture. The fish assemblage structure changed irregularly between day and night throughout the year. P. oligodon and Menticirrhus spp. were more abundant at night, whereas T. carolinus and L. grossidens were more abundant during the day. In most cases, no significant change was detected in fish abundance and richness between the day and night; when significant differences were detected, abundance and richness were higher at night. Our findings could support a monitoring program of the local surf-zone fish fauna and serve as before-impact data, allowing more accurate quantification of the ore tailings' impacts on the local fish biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We believe, like Anthony Giddens (1991, 2010) and Ulrich Beck (1992), that postmodernity creates a totally new environment for the human being. In this new type of society, risks that were previously objects of science fiction or novels that prophesied the modern world are now reality. By observing how the facts of life of an ordinary citizen hit by a catastrophe are reported and recorded in history, we analyze ways of life that have been profoundly altered by the unfolding of one of these risks created by modernity and, therefore, affected by them. For that, we used as object of our research the Chernobyl and Mariana catastrophes, both fruits of an industrial project. Thus, we seek to understand the value that journalistic reports have in telling us a more faithful and complete story about the citizens and how they are classified as brazilians. We believe that the way the affected lives are counted and subsequently recorded makes a difference. Therefore, we draw a parallel between the journalistic series "Vozes de Mariana", published in "Jornal Estado de Minas", and the book by the Belarusian author, Svetlana Aleksiévitch, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2015. Based on this contrast, we analyze the value of personal accounts in the dominant narratives of the modern world as well as their sociological and historiographical value and how they shape the Brazilian meaning of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo se propone indagar en el comercio de ideas entre William Prynne y la tradición escolástica hispánica, especialmente en lo relativo al origen y límites del poder del rey en cuanto esencialmente subordinado al Parlamento. También se considera al inicio del trabajo la teología calvinista de Prynne, fuertemente enfrentada a la teología católica y arminiano-anglicana. El trabajo termina concluyendo que en el pensamiento de Prynne se da, junto a una radical oposición teológica a arminianos y católicos, una intensa recepción de las ideas políticas de Salamonio, los schoolmen y los doctors of Salamancha, tales como Mariana, Suárez, etc., coincidentes en buena medida con las fuentes del Derecho político medieval inglés, tales como Bracton, Fleta y Fortescue. Desde un punto de vista metodológico el artículo ha sido elaborado a partir de un intenso trabajo de fuentes primarias teológicas y políticas de Prynne, accesibles gracias a la base de datos EEBO (Early English Books Online), de la Universidad de Michigan.

Analisamos como o sofrimento é narrado nas primeiras 24 horas da cobertura de oito telejornais da Rede Globo nos rompimentos das barragens de rejeitos de mineração em Mariana (2015) e Brumadinho (2019) em Minas Gerais. Refletimos sobre o processo de comoção pública durante os desastres, constituído de várias camadas e fases de atenção, com ênfase nos testemunhos da destruição, da urgência e do sofrimento. Ao pesquisar um acontecimento em relação ao outro, há similaridades como a designação e caracterização, o uso de imagens da destruição e de vídeos amadores e algumas formas de ilustração do sofrimento via testemunhos. A cobertura do acontecimento de Brumadinho traz diferenciais em função da recorrência do desastre e de sua dimensão em perdas humanas.

ABSTRACT In 2015, the Fundão dam of the company Samarco (controlled by Vale) collapsed, causing a huge wave of mud, causing 19 deaths and becoming the biggest environmental disaster in Brazil. As early as 2019, a new dam rupture took place, with Vale as the responsible company, with around 270 fatalities. Both disasters brought numerous social, environmental and financial problems. This study aims to analyze the impact of environmental disaster of Brumadinho and Mariana on Vale and Samarco Financial Statements, specifically the problems related to provisions, contingencies and environmental processes. The method employed with the case study was a content analysis, and data collection was carried out from Financial Statements, Reference Form and the company’s press channel over a 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. Among the main results, we observed that in 2015, the Mariana dam collapse may explain the significant increase in the coming years regarding deposits and provisions for environmental actions filed against Samarco and Vale. In 2019, it is observed that the amount moved to judicial deposits increased 45 times compared to the previous year. Considering this fact, there is a need for studies that contribute to the transparency of actions for the victims, communities affected by the tragedy, disregard of those involved and the environment, since this is not the first disaster caused by this company.

A cobertura ambiental brasileira, de forma geral, tem sido marcada por uma falta de aprofundamento e contextualização sobre os fenômenos que abrangem as grandes questões dessa editoria na atualidade, tais como: agressivo desmatamento e grilagem de terras nos principais biomas brasileiros, a saber, floresta amazônica e Pantanal; avanço da fronteira agrícola em direção a esses espaços geográficos de forma descontrolada, ocupando-os sob a forma de monocultura da soja e pastagens; aquecimento global e mudanças climáticas, em decorrência do aniquilamento dos sistemas de vegetação nativa; cobertura sensacionalista de fenômenos climáticos; contaminação dos recursos hídricos, até mesmo dos grandes sistemas Aquífero Guarani e Sistema Amazônico; falta de formação específica dos profissionais que cobrem a pauta de meio ambiente, com a consequente cobertura não aprofundada dos fatos, entre outros fatores.

The article intends to bring some initial notes regarding the periodical O Novo Argos in its preliminary moment of publication. The newspaper was written by the priest and professor Antonio Ribeiro Bhering, intellectual and liberal with firm wrist and sharp pen, and was drawn between November 1829 and January 1834. Although it was published in Ouro Preto the periodical had intense circulation in the city of Mariana and its surroundings. In our brief analysis, since it is not possible to have access to the empirical readers who actually read the newspaper The New Argos, we sought to glimpse who the readers targeted by the newspaper in the city Mariana. In this way, we share methodological possibilities that contribute to the study of the print in a general way, and that allows us to question what type of reader the newspaper editor had in mind when producing his texts. Reflecting on who would be the model reader allows us not only to question which reader an author foresees for his text, but mainly to measure the types of readers who have tried to establish and form through the press.

A mineração pode resultar em impactos adversos para os ecossistemas naturais e saúde humana. Tendo em conta os graves rompimentos que ocorreram recentemente no Brasil (nos municípios de Mariana e de Brumadinho, no estado de Minas Gerais) e a relação existente entre saúde e meio ambiente, o presente trabalho buscou levantar, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, os impactos desencadeados pelo rejeito de mineração sobre a saúde humana e ecossistemas naturais. Os impactos ambientais implicaram diretamente na alteração do metabolismo e funcionamento dos ecossistemas naturais, devido à contaminação dos compartimentos ambientais e dos prejuízos à biodiversidade. Quanto à saúde humana, foram evidentes os riscos de intoxicação, prejuízos à saúde mental, agravos de doenças existentes, arboviroses e zoonoses. Os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias e formulação de políticas públicas que visem a reversão do cenário encontrado.

The Mariana subduction structure is a hot topic in ocean‐ocean subduction zone research, and its subduction mechanism has attracted wide attention from experts and scholars in China and abroad. Based on the multi‐channel seismic data of survey line MGL1204 in the Mariana fore‐arc and DSDP ocean drilling data, this paper studies the development and evolution characteristics of the structure and strata in the Cenozoic Mariana fore‐arc sedimentary basin. The Cenozoic strata are divided into six seismic sequences, with the possible era of each seismic sequence discerned, and the relationship between fault development and earthquakes analyzed. The episodic activity of the volcanic chain of the Mariana island arc is thought to control the tectonic and stratigraphic development pattern of the Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the fore‐arc. Between 16°N–19°N and 146°E–151°E, the maximum thickness of the sedimentary center of the Cenozoic fore‐arc sedimentary basin in Mariana is about 2360 m. Normal faults are developed in the area and some broke to the seabed, indicating that the Mariana island arc is still in the post‐arc expansion stage. The application of multi‐channel seismic sections in structural and stratigraphic evolution study is an important means to elucidating the Mariana subduction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract This narrative is the result of the round-table “Mariana, Barcarena, Brumadinho: mining and environmental crimes”, at the III Latin-American Congress of Political Ecology, in March 2019. We present the crimes in mining activities and the experiences born from the resistance to extractive projects that threaten the planet’s integrity and human life. We seek to understand and investigate the reactions to these projects, assessing economic, social and geographic dimensions. This transdisciplinary perspective contributes to understand that socioenvironmental and sociotechnical crimes are not isolated, and that extractive projects of mining companies are a result of a logic of global capital expansion and of a territorial structure where the mining activity takes place. This logic of accumulation is not only horizontal, with the expansion of the extraction frontiers, but is also vertical, because it penetrates the deepest parts of the earth, water, air and all the nature and living beings.

Abstract We determine Rayleigh‐wave phase‐velocity azimuthal anisotropy tomography beneath Mariana using a large number of high‐quality amplitude and phase data of teleseismic fundamental mode Rayleigh waves at periods of 25–130 s. The obtained phase‐velocity model is then inverted for a 3D azimuthal anisotropic shear‐wave velocity (Vs) model down to ∼300 km depth. The old (∼150 Ma) Pacific oceanic lithosphere near the Mariana trench is imaged as a clear high‐Vs zone with a thickness of ∼100 km, whereas obvious low‐Vs anomalies exist in the mantle wedge and in the asthenosphere beneath the incoming plate. The Pacific oceanic lithosphere near the Mariana trench mainly exhibits a fast‐velocity direction (FVD) of NW‐SE normal to seafloor isochrons, which may reflect frozen‐in lattice‐preferred orientation formed at the mid‐ocean ridge, whereas the dominant FVD in the subducting Pacific slab at depths >∼100 km is parallel to the Mariana trench, probably reflecting subduction‐related structural deformation in the slab. Significant trench‐normal FVDs exist in the mantle wedge at depths

As atividades exploratórias de recursos minerais originam resíduos que carecem de um local apropriado para serem armazenados. No Brasil, as barragens de rejeitos são vistas como alternativa de armazenamento desses resíduos. Uma associação entre erros, tanto na implementação quanto na fiscalização desse modelo, acarreta falhas que podem desencadear desastres ambientais. Os rompimentos das barragens situadas nas cidades mineiras de Mariana e Brumadinho ocasionaram danos ao meio ambiente e à sociedade. Uma vez que eles se enquadram como crimes ambientais e como crimes não transeuntes (que deixam vestígios), de acordo com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro vigente, o trabalho da perícia criminal torna-se indispensável. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, apresentar e discutir os achados referentes às tragédias de Mariana e Brumadinho associados ao trabalho pericial. Percebeu-se a ausência de publicações científicas que abordassem essa associação. Apenas um laudo elaborado pela Polícia Federal foi encontrado.

The tailings spilled by the Fundão Dam rupture in the Doce River basin (Brazil) had a high pH, elevated sodium (Na) and ether amine, and low soil organic matter. With the aim of decreasing the toxic compounds, we established 2 remediation strategies: treatment 1, phytoremediation with tolerant native species of the Atlantic Forest cultivated on scraped sediment plus the incorporation of organic matter; and treatment 2, phytoremediation with native species plus superficial deposition of organic matter. The experimental site was compared with a degraded site that the dam tailings had reached and with a preserved site, a fragment of preserved Atlantic Forest. After 12 mo, plants showed an outstanding growth, especially after treatment 1 (~4 m), and the remediation procedures resulted in significant decreases in pH (from 8.0 to ~ 6.0), Na (from 154 to 22–35 mg/kg), electrical conductivity, and ether amine (from 6.0 to 0.5 mg/kg) in both treatments. By contrast, ammonium, a product of ether amine degradation, showed a significant increase in the experimental site, along with a significant increase in nitrate and improvement of soil microbial populations assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. The treatments also improved soil fertility in the experimental site, as estimated by soil nutrients, cation exchange capacity, and soil aggregation. Based on the parameters analyzed, a principal component analysis showed that samples from the degraded site and the preserved site clustered in an opposite position and those from the experimental site clustered in an intermediate position but closer to the samples from the preserved site. Overall, our results demonstrated that the remediation procedures adopted were effective and resulted in rehabilitation of a riparian forest contaminated with dam tailings that included Na and ether amine. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2359–2373. © 2021 SETAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The hadal zone, mostly comprising of deep trenches and constituting of the deepest part of the world’s oceans, represents the least explored habitat but one of the last frontiers on our planet. The present scientific understanding of the hadal environment is still relatively rudimentary, particularly in comparison with that of shallower marine environments. In the last 30 years, continuous efforts have been launched in deepening our knowledge regarding the ecology of the hadal trench. However, the geological and environmental processes that potentially affect the sedimentary, geochemical and biological processes in hadal trenches have received less attention. Here, we review recent advances in the geology, biology, and environment of hadal trenches and offer a perspective of the hadal science involved therein. For the first time, we release high-definition images taken by a new full-ocean-depth manned submersible Fendouzhe that reveal novel species with an unexpectedly high density, outcrops of mantle and basaltic rocks, and anthropogenic pollutants at the deepest point of the world’s ocean. We advocate that the hydration of the hadal lithosphere is a driving force that influences a variety of sedimentary, geochemical, and biological processes in the hadal trench. Hadal lithosphere might host the Earth’s deepest subsurface microbial ecosystem. Future research, combined with technological advances and international cooperation, should focus on establishing the intrinsic linkage of the geology, biology, and environment of the hadal trenches. Public summary: • This paper provides a comprehensive review on hadal geology, environment, and biology, as well as potential interactions among them • For the first time, we release high-definition images taken by a new full-ocean-depth manned submersible Fendouzhe • The hydration of the hadal lithosphere is a driving force that influences a variety of sedimentary, geochemical, and biological processes in the hadal trench • The development of deep-sea technology and international cooperation will greatly promote the progress of hadal science

Based on the interdisciplinary concept of One Health, EcoHealth, and Planetary Health, this paper focuses on participatory knowledge-to-action approaches by relating one decade of environmental disasters in Brazil with the action of veterinary rescue teams, aiming to give support to future disaster preparedness. This paper will present the historic actions of teams rescuing animal that are victims of environmental disasters, in addition to addressing the need for contingency plans and response management in these types of events. The main events in Brazilian states where veterinary rescue teams participated were, chronologically, as follows: 2011 flood and landslide (Rio de Janeiro); 2012 flood (Acre, Minas Gerais, and Pará); 2015 dam break (Minas Gerais); 2017 flood (Minas Gerais) and forest fire (Minas Gerais and Goiás); 2019 dam break and evacuation (Minas Gerais) and flood (Bahia); 2020 flood (Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais) and forest fires (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul). The Brazilian disasters that had a large global repercussion were the ruptures of the ore dams in Marina (2015) and Brumadinho (2019), both in the State of Minas Gerais. The role of veterinarians in these events was recognized by the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine (CFMV) after their performance in Mariana, Minas Gerais (2015), and in 2020, the CFMV approved the National Mass Disaster Contingency Plan Involving Animals. The work of veterinarians in interaction with other professionals in environmental disasters proved to be effective and necessary for the rescue of animals and for planning and giving support to disaster preparedness in the future.

O desastre ambiental iniciado em novembro de 2015 em Mariana (MG) provocou uma onda de rejeitos que percorreu os cursos do córrego Santarém e dos Rios Gualaxo Norte e do Carmo até o Rio Doce, seguindo até sua foz em Linhares (ES), deixando parte dos rejeitos no reservatório da hidrelétrica Risoleta Neves e no trecho entre Candonga e Usina Hidrelétrica Baguari. Esta pesquisa analisa a existência de impactos econômicos e sociais desse desastre por meio do modelo de diferenças em diferenças com PSM. Os resultados demonstraram que, no curto prazo, nos municípios localizados próximos à região do desastre, houve impacto negativo sobre as medidas de fluxo escolar (aprovação/reprovação). Também se encontram evidências de impacto negativo sobre PIB dos municípios afetados. Por outro lado, não se verifica diferença significativa sobre o número de internações, entretanto, pelo caráter tóxico da lama, danos à saúde podem tornar-se evidentes no longo prazo.

Copyright of Boletín Galego de Literatura is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the testamentary practice in the city of Mariana, Minas Gerais, especially the choice and performance given to the executor figure, that is, to the individuals in charge of fulfilling the last wills. More specifically, it researchs the groups involved in testament execution, their configuration over time, and the surrounding expectations, taking into account the constant growth of the responsibility attributed to the executor. This will be possible through the analysis of 269 testaments of MarianaÂ's 1st Office Registry recorded between the years 1748 and 1848. The paper aims to point out how the presence of a stronger sociability meant more effective forms of remembering, calling into question the saving function of the will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides their emblematic texture, Emblemas morales (1589, 1591 and 1604), and Emblemata moralia (1601), by Juan de Horozco Covarrubias (c. 1545–1610), as well as Emblemas morales (1610), by Sebastián de Covarrubias Orozco (1539–1613), share a similar concern. Namely, certain emblems reveal an associative chain that links together the concepts of cruelty, tyranny and torture, a sequence that stresses the juxtaposition of the scope of the political to that of the juridical in any cruel act. In an implicit dialogue with political treatises like De rege et regis institutione (1599) by Juan de Mariana (1536–1624), and supported by both Greco-Latin and contemporary referents, these collections identify a particular problematic that characterizes the nexus between the 16th and 17th centuries, while participating in a transhistorical discourse that differentiates human beings from animals. Aparte de su textura emblemática, tanto Emblemas morales (1589, 1591 y 1604) y Emblemata moralia (1601), de Juan de Horozco Covarrubias, como Emblemas morales (1610), de Sebastián de Covarrubias Orozco, comparten una preocupación similar. Concretamente, ciertos emblemas revelan una cadena asociativa que liga los conceptos de crueldad, tiranía y tormento, secuencia que incide en la yuxtaposición entre los ámbitos de lo político y lo jurídico en los actos cruentos. Al dialogar implícitamente con tratados políticos como De rege et regis institvtione (1599), de Juan de Mariana, y apoyarse en referentes tanto grecolatinos como contemporáneos, estas colecciones identifican una problemática particular que caracteriza el eje cronológico entre los siglos XVI y XVII, al mismo tiempo que participan de un discurso transhistórico que diferencia los seres humanos de los animales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a policy tool used all around the world to predict, mitigate, and manage the impacts and risks of development proposals. This tool, if well implemented and articulated with licensing procedures, can result in improvements of project design and in the prevention and mitigation of environmental and social harms. But sometimes EIA can fail, as illustrated the collapse of the Brazilian tailings dams Fundão and B1, in 2015 and 2019 respectively. Despite having gone through licensing and EIA procedures, the two dams collapsed, killing almost 300 people. This study set out to understand how the vulnerability of downstream communities to dam breaks were predicted and managed in the dams' EIA processes. This study also tried to understand whether the EIA process of a newly approved tailings dam in Brazil (Maravilhas Dam III) improved the prediction of safety risks to downstream communities. The study was based on literature reviews and a content analysis of eighty-four (84) key documents related to the dams' licensing and EIA procedures. The study found that the risk-related studies of the dams were based on a variety of methods (e.g., Preliminary Hazard Analysis, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, Dam Break simulations, Contingency Plans) that were implemented in different phases of the licensing procedures. It was possible to identify several flaws and limitations in these methods, such as vagueness, late implementation, fragmented reviews of interdependent risks, and low influence on decision-making. Both the Fundão and B1 dams were approved despite the lack of in-depth and up-to-date risk assessments. Public consultations were generally weak and plagued by tokenism. Post-approval procedures, while informed by monitoring, audits and inspections that confirmed problems in the dams, were unable to educate developers and State authorities about the likelihood of failures and the safety risks to communities. Overall, the Fundão and B1 cases show the importance of not only predicting but also managing risks in a timely, transparent and articulated manner. The Maravilhas III Dam, compared to Fundão and B1, was found to have sounder evaluations of safety risks and stronger public participation. The regulatory and voluntary frameworks concerning tailings dams have improved in recent years. The projects of Fundão and B1 could not receive an environmental license had they been subject to the current Brazilian legislation, because they proposed a now-banned technology (upstream dams) and had vulnerable communities located in self-rescue zones, which is now legally unacceptable. Despite these regulatory changes, there is still room to improve regulations, guidelines and Terms of References for risk analysis and its articulation with impact assessment and public participation. The article discusses the academic implications of the cases to international audiences and put forward several practical recommendations. • This study evaluated the integration of risk analysis and EIA. • The prediction and management of risks to downstream communities are explained. • The EIAs of two of the world's most catastrophic tailings dam failures were investigated. • Risks to downstream communities were repeatedly underestimated. • The study provides several entry points to improve risk analysis in the EIAs of dams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nel 1118 l’arcivescovo di Pisa riconsacrò solennemente la nuova cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta di Mariana, sede dell’omonima diocesi. La più grande chiesa romanica corsa insiste su un’area che ha restituito importanti testimonianze dell’insediamento romano e degli edifici di culto cristiani a partire dal V secolo. Il presente intervento mira a rileggere il monumento nei suoi caratteri strutturali e decorativi per evidenziarne i legami con l’alta Toscana e la Liguria, in un più ampio quadro di circolazione di maestranze e tecniche costruttive nello spazio tirrenico.

• Blueschist from serpentine mud volcano in Mariana forearc is ca. 50 Ma old. • The mineral assemblage records warm metamorphic conditions during IBM subduction initiation. • Blueschist rocks have resided in the subduction channel for at least 46 Ma. From ca. 50 Ma to present, the western Pacific plate has been subducting under the Philippine Sea plate, forming the oceanic Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) subduction system. It is the only known location where subduction zone products are presently being transported to the surface by serpentinite-mud volcanoes. A large serpentine mud "volcano" forms the South Chamorro Seamount and was successfully drilled by ODP during Leg 195. This returned mostly partially serpentinized harzburgites enclosed in serpentinite muds. In addition, limited numbers of small (1 mm–1 cm) fragments of rare blueschists were also discovered. U–Pb dating of zircon and rutile from one of these blueschist clasts give ages of 51.1 ± 1.2 Ma and 47.5 ± 2.0 Ma, respectively. These are interpreted to date prograde high-pressure metamorphism. Mineral equilibria modelling of the blueschist clast suggests the mineral assemblage formed at conditions of ∼1.6 GPa and ∼590 °C. We interpret that this high-pressure assemblage formed at a depth of ∼50 km within the subduction channel and was subsequently exhumed and entrained into the South Chamorro serpentinite volcano system at depths of ∼27 km. Consequently, we propose that the material erupted from the South Chamarro Seamount may be sampling far greater depths within the Mariana subduction system than previously thought. The apparent thermal gradient implied by the pressure–temperature modelling (∼370 °C/GPa) is slightly warmer than that predicted by typical subduction channel numerical models and other blueschists worldwide. The age of the blueschist suggests it formed during the arc initiation stages of the proto-Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc, with the P – T conditions recording thermally elevated conditions during initial stages of western Pacific plate subduction. This indicates the blueschist had prolonged residence time in the stable forearc as the system underwent east-directed rollback. The Mariana blueschist shows that subduction products can remain entrained in subduction channels for many millions of years prior to exhumation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the article “Deep Seismic Structure Across the Southernmost MarianaTrench: Implications for Arc Rifting and Plate Hydration" by Wan et al., which appeared in the periodical “Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth" is presented.

Copyright of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade is the property of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el espacio público como las plazas de la ciudad histórica de Mariana (Minas Gerais - Brasil) como lugares de experiencias turísticas. La investigación se basa conceptualmente en discusiones sobre el espacio público, los tipos y funciones de las plazas, las experiencias turísticas y el trazado urbano de Mariana. Como premisa metodológica, se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo, que utiliza una revisión crítica de la literatura, imágenes y evaluaciones compartidas en el sitio web de TripAdvisor sobre las siguientes plazas: Praça da Sé, Gomes Freire y Minas Gerais. Así, la investigación evalúa las percepciones y representaciones turísticas de estos espacios, comparándolas con el estudio histórico-geográfico del desarrollo de la ciudad de Mariana en el siglo XVIII. Los resultados indican que las plazas estudiadas son representativas de la historia de Brasil, en particular de Minas Gerais, y aptas para crear prácticas turísticas memorables. Por lo tanto, la conservación y la gestión eficiente de estos espacios son fundamentales para la memoria autóctona y la sostenibilidad del turismo.

O artigo visa analisar a dupla influência do global no local em face das relações estreitas e ambíguas entre a economia e o direito, bem como demonstrar a dupla projeção do local no global, seja pela ótica da (ir)responsabilidade das empresas transnacionais envolvidas no caso Mariana, quanto pelo mapeamento de violações de direitos humanos da Vale S.A no mundo. O método de abordagem utilizado é o dialético e o de procedimento é o bibliográfico e documental, dando-se ênfase a relatórios e documentos de grupos de pesquisa e organizações da sociedade civil. Dentre as conclusões, verificou-se que os interesses político-econômicos contribuíram para a má-atuação do Estado antes e a após a tragédia – da elaboração do Novo Código de Mineração ao acordo firmado extrajudicialmente entre as empresas e o governo para a indenização e amparo das vítimas. Contudo, a tragédia brasileira apenas reflete o ápice da irresponsabilidade social da Vale em relação a outros focos de resistência no mundo, destacadamente Chile, Moçambique e Canadá. Por fim, os mecanismos privados de proteção aos direitos humanos - a exemplo dos códigos de conduta mostram-se frágeis - os mecanismos nacionais insuficientes, e a necessidade de ascensão das transnacionais a sujeitos de direito internacional público, urgente.

ABSTRACT: The great geological and soil variation in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, indicates the need for regional studies to understand the geochemical background of soils. The Rio Doce Basin became a priority area for geochemical background determination after the rupture of the tailings dam of Fundão in 2015. In this context, the objectives of this study were to propose Reference Values of Soil Quality in the Rio Doce Basin, to define variables that can predict metal(loid) concentrations in the soil, and to examine the correlation between metal(loid) concentrations determined by X-ray fluorescence and by the traditional method. One hundred and seven samples were collected from minimally disturbed areas, representing the main soils and source materials. Metal(loid)s were determined by acid digestion and X-ray fluorescence. Descriptive statistics of the data, as well as the calculation of the Randomized Dependence Coefficient (RDC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were carried out. The soils were found to be acidic, dystrophic with low Mehlich-1 extracted P contents, and have a variable texture. The coefficient of determination ranged from 0.4 to 0.9, suggesting X-ray fluorescence as a promising technique for determining metal(loid) concentrations in soils. The absence of correlation between clay and organic matter contents with metal(loid) concentrations suggests that the latter were inherited exclusively from the parent material, with little influence of pedogenesis. Metal mineralization in the highlands that constitute the topographic drainage divide of the basin increase the reference values of soil quality to higher values than established for the State of Minas Gerais.