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The study examined the resilience and coping of samples from Ukraine and five nearby countries during the war in Ukraine. The research focused on (1) the levels of community and societal resilience of the Ukrainian respondents compared with the populations of five nearby European countries and (2) commonalities and diversities concerning coping indicators (hope, well-being, perceived threats, distress symptoms, and sense of danger) across the examined countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted, based on data collection through Internet panel samples, representing the six countries' adult populations. Ukrainian respondents reported the highest levels of community and societal resilience, hope, and distress symptoms and the lowest level of well-being, compared to the population of the five nearby European countries. Hope was the best predictor of community and societal resilience in all countries. Positive coping variables, most notably hope, but also perceived well-being are instrumental in building resilience. While building resilience on a societal level is a complex, multifaceted task, various dimensions must be considered when planning actions to support these states. It is essential to monitor the levels of resilience, during and following the resolution of the crisis, both in Ukraine and in the neighboring countries.

Corruption is not just a problem of developing countries, corruption scandals arise and develop also in Western democracies, what differ are the perception and assessment of corruption. As scientists state, corruption is a phenomenon that is determined by the country's democratic (state) traditions and culture, dominant values and behaviour standards, etc. Most of the time corruption is analysed in the context of political, business, health care and media systems that are interrelated. By far, talking about the understanding and reaction to corruption in politics, are based on public perception of corruption. Corruption in political arena is related not only to actions of politicians, or public officers, but depends on the understanding and its tolerance in society. The cases of political corruption are rare, but they still happen, and it does not matter whether it is a developing county, a newly established democracy, or a so called western democracy. The phenomenon of political corruption is based on political culture, or even more broadly speaking, on national culture, traditions. And because of that cases of political corruption and their evaluation and reaction to them of the participants of political system (political actors, media and citizens) in general demonstrates the level of tolerance of such actions. Results of political election campaign can be considered as the mirror of perception of political corruption in political system, because they demonstrate the activities of all participants of political system and their attitude toward the case. This article aims to analyze the concept of political corruption in order to identify its main determinants and to investigate the potential influence of the case of corruption of political actor on the outcome of the political elections. In this paper the quantitative media content analysis is presented to show the coverage of the political party in relation to political election campaign during the political election period and political corruption event. It is done in search for the factors that determine the presentation and possible impact of political corruption event on the results of political elections. In the research the media content of the political actor, that was accused of corruptive activities (bribery) was analysed. The article also discusses whether the political corruption of political party leader and its presentation in the media may affect the political election results.

Žiniasklaidos dalyvavimas šiandieniame politiniame gyvenime akivaizdus ir nekvestionuojamas. Pastaraisiais metais ji tapo bene aktyviausia politinės komunikacijos veikėja, taip pat aktyviai politikos srities dalyvių panaudojama terpe siekiant tikslų. Šio straipsnio tikslas - apibrėžti ir nusakyti politinio žiniasklaidos diskurso teorinio tyrimo dėmenis. Išsikėlus tikslą, siekiama nustatyti politinio žiniasklaidos diskurso apibrėžties ir tyrimo apibrėžtumą, ištirti žiniasklaidos, kaip politinio proceso veikėjos, vaidmenis ir tyrimo galimybes. Šiame straipsnyje teigiama, kad politiniame žiniasklaidos diskurse atsiskleidžia dvejopas žiniasklaidos, kaip politinės komunikacijos elemento, vaidmuo: pirmiausia politinio žiniasklaidos diskurso analizė nurodo žiniasklaidą kaip vietą (erdvę), kurioje vyksta sąveika tarp politikos veikėjų, visuomenės ir žiniasklaidos institucijų; antra, žiniasklaida gali būti tiriama kaip institucija, formuojanti politinį diskursą, arba priemonė, taikoma jam formuoti. Participation of the mass media in nowadays political life is very actually and not questioned process. In recent years mass media became one of the most active participants in political communication, and as well it became an instrument for other participants of political sphere to influence electorate, and other audiences. The aim of the article is to define and to determine elements of theoretical investigation of political mass media discourse. The idea of the article is to find out frames from determination and theoretical investigation of mass mediated political discourse, to research mass media as the active participant of political processes, to clear up its roles and possibilities for research. In this article there is made a supposition that in political mass mediated discourse there could be seen double role of the mass media as the element of political communication. From one side political mass mediated discourse analysis presents mass media as the sphere (place) where the interaction between political actors, society and mass media institutions take place. On the other hand mass media could be used as an institution that sets political discourse or as an instrument that could be used to form it. Hedonistic and consumer society puts its impact on political mass mediated discourse. Contemporary mass mediated political discourse presents not discussions on political items and ideologies, but outputs of packaged politics (for example, political actors are presented not as participants of political sphere, but as show stars, with highlighted their human characteristics. As a conclusion there could be stated that investigation of political mass mediated discourse is possible in only one way – when there are investigated all discourses that influence political mass mediated discourse, such as: political discourse, mass media discourse, public discourse. Interrelations between those discourses could not be affected by one discourse and that could be seen especially during political election campaign.

Temos aktualumą lėmė šiandienės diskusijos apie savivaldos komunikaciją, bendruomenės įtraukimą į organizacijų veiklą, valdymą. Straipsnio tikslas - aptarti skaitmeninių ryšių su bendruomene specifiką, pagrindžiant Molėtų rajono savivaldybėje atlikto ryšių su bendruomene tyrimo duomenimis. Straipsnyje išdėstoma skaitmeninių bendruomenių koncepcija: išryškinama bendruomenių samprata, apibūdinama bendruomenės kompiuteriais tarpininkaujamos komunikacijos specifika, analizuojamas skaitmeninių ryšių su bendruomene atvejis. Nowadays discussions about political participation of community in self-government arc broadly discussed in academic and political discourses. Scientists and researchers investigate involvement of community to self-government, specificity of political communication in the aspects of computer mediated communication processes. The aim of this paper is to represent specificity of digital relations with community in self-government. In the article definition of community, specific of citizen participation in self-government and peculiarities of information for participation in the processes that take part in self-governance arc provided. In this paper the research that was financed by Open Society Fund, Lithuania, and Molėtai regional self-government is presented. The project was intended to analyse systems of communication in the regional self-government and to provide the suggestions for improvement of system of public relations in Molėtai regional self-government.

Lyčių komunikacijos tyrimai yra gana reti, pavieniai ir fragmentuoti. Viena iš galimybių apžvelgti moteriškumo ir vyriškumo reprezentacijas - komunikacijos procese sukuriamų reikšmių, formuojančių lyčių skirtumus, analizė. Šio straipsnio tikslas - pristatyti Atviros Lietuvos fondo finansuotą tyrimą, kuriuo buvo siekiama išskirti ir apžvelgti elektroninės žiniasklaidos pranešimų, susijusių su lytimis ir šeima ir skirtų paauglių auditorijai, kuriamus stereotipus. Tyrimui buvo parinkti populiariausi ir žiūrimiausi Lietuvos televizijų kanalai: Lietuvos televizija (LTV), Laisvas nepriklausomas kanalas (LNK) ir Tango TV. Televizijos programų tinklelių analizė leido padaryti prielaidą, kad televizijos pranešimų srautas yra organizuojamas atsižvelgiant į laidų žiūrimumą, o ne į kitus veiksnius, pavyzdžiui, į specifinę, šiuo atveju - paauglių auditoriją. Televizijos perduodamo turinio analizė skatina daryti prielaidą, jog importuojami produktai (serialai, vaidybiniai filmai) "transliuoja" užsienyje vyraujančius lyčių ir šeimos santykius, kurie turi įtakos mūsų šaliai būdingiems tiek lyčių, tiek šeimos stereotipams. Išskiriami vyraujantys televizijos pranešimų formuojami šeimos modeliai (homogeninė šeima, sudėtinė šeima, pora) ir derybiniai modeliai (asmuo be šeimos, homoseksualų poros). The main aim of this article is to present the research on gender stereotyping in mass media that was carried out by staff members of the Faculty of Communication, Vilnius University. The author of this article was asked to do qualitative analysis of existing gender stereotypes and gender roles in family in content of television programs orientated for teenager auditorium. There could be mentioned some major outcomes of the research. Firstly, television programming is orientated to raise ratings of TV programs, but not to the specific cognitive or educational tasks (specially orientated to socialization tasks for children and teenager auditorium). Secondly, domination of imported TV production leads to introduction of non-traditional family models and gender roles for Lithuanian audience. In mediated discourse of TV programs there could be marked up and mentioned professions that are attributable to man or women only, as gender characteristics as well. The outcomes of the research strengthen social investigations of men and women possible social crisis in inadequacy of traditionally invented gender roles in social life and family and those presented in mass mediated discourse. Outcomes of the research suppose need for some other researches that could be orientated for the investigation of the perception of the mediated gender and family stereotypes

Postmoderni organizacija atspindi pagrindinius šiuolaikinės visuomenės bruožus, jos raidos tendencijas. Pastarosios ypač ryškiai atsiskleidžia per ryšius su visuomene, kai yra nagrinėjama organizacijos įvaizdžio problema. Viena pagrindinių priemonių, formuojančių ar darančių įtaką organizacijos įvaizdžiui, jos užmezgamam santykiui su vartotoju - žiniasklaida. Nuolatinis šiuolaikinės visuomenės kismas, kardinaliai keičiantis verslo sampratą, verčia peržiūrėti ir ryšių su visuomene teorijos ir praktikos pagrindus. Šiame straipsnyje aptariama žiniasklaidos įtaka visuomeniniam gyvenimui, ryšių su visuomene modelių kismas, institucijos įvaizdžio formavimo priemonės, naujas požiūris į darbuotoją šiuolaikinėje organizacijoje. Dabar institucijos įvaizdžiui formuoti nebeužtenka reklamuoti organizaciją ar jos produktą. Norint pasiekti kuo platesnę auditoriją, būtina naudoti kuo įvairesnius informacijos ir komunikacijos kanalus. Tokiems kanalams galima priskirti organizacijos internetines svetaines, jose dedamą organizacijos reklamą ir informaciją apie organizaciją, jos veiklą, organizuojamus renginius ir pan. Informacija turi būti reprezentatyvi, suprantamai pateikta ir skelbiama keliomis pagrindinėmis kalbomis. Prie besikeičiančios situacijos galėtų taikytis ir aukštosios bei aukštesniosios mokyklos - plėsti savo auditoriją. Jos galėtų organizuoti seminarus, paskaitas aktualiomis šiuolaikinės institucijos veiklai temomis. Pagrindinių žinių apie ryšius su visuomene, institucijos pristatymą reikia ne tik norint išsilaikyti rinkoje, bet ir plečiant veiklą, ieškant naujų partnerių, investuotojų ar klientų. A postmodern organization reflects the main traits of the modern society and its development trends, which especially prominently manifest themselves through the public relations, when the problem of the image of the organization is examined. Mass media is among the main tools, shaping or influencing the image of the organization and the relations between the organization and the consumer. The continuous development of the modern society, which cardinally changes the concept of business, forces to revise the basics of the theory and practice of public relations. The article discusses the influence of the mass media on the social life, the development of models of public relations, the tools for shaping of the image of an institution and the new view of the employee in a modern organization. At present advertizing of the organization or its products is not sufficient for shaping the image of the institution. In order to reach the broadest target group possible, it is necessary to use the most diverse information and communication channels, such as the Internet webpages, the advertising and information materials on the organization, its activities, the arranged events, etc., placed on the Internet webpages. The information must be representative, comprehensible and published in several main languages. The further and higher educational institutions can adapt to the changing situation in order to expand their target groups. They can arrange seminars and lectures on the subject, relevant for the activities of a modern organization. The main information on public relations and presentation of the institution is necessary not only in order to keep one’s position on the market, but also for the purpose of developing the activities, searching for new partners, investors or customers.

The dissertation aims to reveal the construction of narrative in the media as a holistic narrative that combines different genres of journalistic texts. Using the elements of the narrative – characters, context, storyline – the dissertation constructs an approach to narrative research that allows for the formation of a single narrative in the media from a set of journalistic texts with different topics. Using the portrayal of emigration as a social problem in the periodical publications "Respublika" and "Lietuvos rytas" in the years of 1991-2017, the constructed narrative research approach is applied. After identifying the narrative and highlighting the specificity of its elements, it has been revealed that the media, when telling about emigration, emphasize in their publications the same spectrum of factors of the causes of emigration, invariable in the perspective of time, which do not coincide with the sociological trends of emigration development. The narrative revealing the impact of emigration is more dynamic in terms of storyline construction, but the effects of emigration are not sufficiently revealed in periodical publications due to the lack of continuity in the stories, and therefore cannot be objectively evaluated without further empirical research.

The dissertation aims to reveal the construction of narrative in the media as a holistic narrative that combines different genres of journalistic texts. Using the elements of the narrative – characters, context, storyline – the dissertation constructs an approach to narrative research that allows for the formation of a single narrative in the media from a set of journalistic texts with different topics. Using the portrayal of emigration as a social problem in the periodical publications "Respublika" and "Lietuvos rytas" in the years of 1991-2017, the constructed narrative research approach is applied. After identifying the narrative and highlighting the specificity of its elements, it has been revealed that the media, when telling about emigration, emphasize in their publications the same spectrum of factors of the causes of emigration, invariable in the perspective of time, which do not coincide with the sociological trends of emigration development. The narrative revealing the impact of emigration is more dynamic in terms of storyline construction, but the effects of emigration are not sufficiently revealed in periodical publications due to the lack of continuity in the stories, and therefore cannot be objectively evaluated without further empirical research.