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Objectives: Adults with intellectual disabilities will frequently experience sedentary behavior and excessiveweight,which may cause or exacerbate a multitude of medical and behavioral problems. This study examined a program to encourage increased activity and weight loss in an outpatient service for adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Behavioral methodswere used to treat obesity in 33 male and 21 female adults with intellectual disabilities for a mean of 9 months. They were retrospectively analyzed to determine the effects of treatment on muscle and adiposity using body composition analysis. Results: The 54 participants of the original 122 (44.3%) who did not drop out were divided into three groups: weight loss ≥3 kg/3% (n = 20, 37%), weight loss <3 kg/3% (n = 17, 31.5%), and no weight loss or weight gain (n = 17, 31.5%). Only men and women who lost ≥3 kg/3%, demonstrated significant gain of relative muscle mass. Those who gained weight lost muscle mass. Conclusions: If motivation remains high and follow-up is reasonably long, then a multicomponent obesity treatment program can lead to significantweight losswith preservation ofmuscle in adultswith intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary:. The 3 most common problems after a parotidectomy are cheek contour deformity, Frey syndrome (gustatory sweating), and a visible scar on the neck. These problems can potentially be prevented by (1) facelift type incisions, which eliminate the neck incision and (2) interposition of temporoparietal fascia at the parotidectomy site that fills the defect and provides a barrier to aberrant neuronal regeneration. We followed 11 patients who underwent parotidectomy (9 superficial and 2 total parotidectomies) for a variety of parotid tumors between December 2001 and January 2018. Facelift type incisions were used in all patients, and temporoparietal fascia flaps were used to fill the parotidectomy defects. The last 6 patients were tested for objective evidence of Frey syndrome with the Minor Starch Iodine test. Patients were then followed for up to 7 years (11 months to 7 years, average 3 years). All patients had well-hidden scars and good contour of the cheeks. None of the patients developed subjective or objective evidence of Frey syndrome. This small series suggests that the aesthetic result after parotidectomy can be improved by using a facelift incision and placement of a temporoparietal fascia flap into the parotidectomy defect. Additionally, the tissue barrier thus provided may also help to prevent Frey syndrome.

Background:. It is unknown whether recent legislation known as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act has affected plastic surgeons’ views of conflicts of interest (COI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate plastic surgeons’ beliefs about COI and their comprehension of the government-mandated Sunshine Act. Methods:. Plastic surgeon members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons were invited to complete an electronic survey. The survey contained 27 questions that assessed respondents’ past and future receipt of financial gifts from industry, awareness of the Sunshine Act, and beliefs surrounding the influence of COI on surgical practice. Results:. A total of 322 individuals completed the survey. A majority had previously accepted gifts from industry (n = 236; 75%) and would accept future gifts (n = 181; 58%). Most respondents believed that COI would affect their colleagues’ medical practice (n = 190; 61%) but not their own (n = 165; 51%). A majority was aware of the Sunshine Act (n = 272; 89%) and supported data collection on surgeon COI (n = 224; 73%). A larger proportion of young surgeons believed patients would benefit from knowing their surgeon’s COI (P = 0.0366). Surgeons who did not expect COI in the future believed financial COI could affect their own clinical practice (P = 0.0221). Conclusions:. Most plastic surgeons have a history of accepting industry gifts but refute their influence on personal clinical practice. Surgeon age and anticipation of future COI affected beliefs about the benefits of COI disclosure to patients and the influence of COI on surgical practice.

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess which personal characteristics and external factors are important contributors to eventual success. Methods: The authors distributed a survey to all members of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons and asked responders to rate the importance of 10 preselected qualities in contributing to their personal success. Survey outcomes were analyzed across different demographic groups. Results: Of the 580 American Association of Plastic Surgeons members who were surveyed, 295 returned completed surveys. Overall analysis indicates that hard work, compassion, and manual dexterity are the 3 most important attributes. Many significant differences are observed across demographic groups, indicating potential biases among the survey responders. Notably, we find that male surgeons attribute mentorship to success much more so than female surgeons (Column Trend Exact [CTE], P = 0.021), whereas female surgeons are more likely to attribute their success to hard work (CTE, P = 0.023). Similarly, those who have been program directors credit their success to mentoring more so than nonprogram directors (CTE, P < 0.00001). The authors also found that senior surgeons, as measured by years in practice, place greater emphasis on mentoring and career opportunities than younger surgeons (Mantel-Haenszel Trend, P = 0.003 and 0.0009, respectively). It is also interesting to note that individual talent qualities tend to be favored by more senior surgeons and those with more distant ties to academia. Conclusion: The authors believe that recognizing the relative importance of such factors, and their associated biases, is essential for the process of selecting and developing future successful plastic surgeons.

We investigated the potential role of anti-tumor antibodies and tumor antigens in the formation of immune complexes which promote matrix degradation and angiogenesis. B-cell deficient or B-cell depleted mice showed a reduction in tumor invasion and metastasis. In vitro invasion assays and in vivo models of metastasis showed that anti-sTn antibodies and sTn tumor antigens form complexes which induce granulocytes and macrophages together to mediate tumor invasion and metastasis by processes including extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis. These results suggest the existence of a tumor promoting role of a B-cell immune response induced by shed tumor associated antigens of solid, nonlymphoid tumors.

Biblical interpretation among indigenous groups in Latin America bears a distinctive pedagogical orientation. To teach and understand the Bible as the word of God is to enable others to see, judge, and transform the world as the Book of Life., Based on a liberation hermeneutic, biblical interpretation in Latin America is a constantly growing movement. We will analyze its method and its Future tasks particularly with regard to the pedagogical [...]

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Increasing numbers of diabetic patients are presenting in the dental office, perhaps as a result of the improved longevity of diabetic patients. The pathophysiology, complications, and oral manifestations associated with the disease, as well as the medical and dental management of the diabetic patient are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By Robert J. Schreiter. Boston Theological Institute Series Volume 3. Orbis, $10.95 paperback. The declaration of a general amnesty in El Salvador less than a week after the United Nations' [...]

Report of the Truth Commission for El Salvador. By Belisario Bentancur, Reinaldo Figueredo Planchant and Thomas Buergenthal. United Nations Publications, Rm. DC2-853,2 UN Plaza, New York, N. Y 10017;$10.00 plus [...]