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Abstract Background Previous linguistic validations of the 30-item Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30) have been performed in Western/Eastern populations, and no Arabic validated version exists to date for the wide Arabic-speaking populations in the Middle East-North African region and abroad. In this regard, we sought through the present study to test the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the MCQ-30 in a sample of Arabic-speaking community adults from Lebanon. Methods The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 423 participants (mean age: 38.13 ± 11.03 years; 61.2% females). The Metacognition Questionnaire-short form, Teruel Orthorexia Scale and Emotion regulation questionnaire were used to assess metacognition, orthorexia nervosa and emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) respectively. Results Findings of Confirmatory Factor Analyses revealed that the five-factor model provided a good fit to the data. McDonald’s ω coefficients ranged from 0.78 to 0.94 for the five MCQ-30 subscales, and was of 0.93 for the total score, hence supporting the adequacy of scale reliability. Results also supported configural, metric, and scalar equivalence of the five-factor model across gender groups. The MCQ-30 subscales showed patterns of correlations with the emotion regulation and disordered eating constructs in the expected directions, providing evidence of the criterion-related validity of the measure. In particular, positive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) were negatively correlated with cognitive self-consciousness and need to control thoughts; whereas maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expressive suppression) showed positive correlations with lack of cognitive confidence, negative beliefs and need to control thoughts. Additionally, all metacognition dimensions (except for cognitive self-consciousness) were significantly and positively correlated with higher levels of orthorexia nervosa behaviors. Conclusions Our findings preliminarily suggest that the scale is valid, reliable, and can be recommended for use among the broad Arabic-speaking community worldwide.

Background: Previous linguistic validations of the 30-item Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30) have been performed in Western/Eastern populations, and no Arabic validated version exists to date for the wide Arabic-speaking populations in the Middle East-North African region and abroad. In this regard, we sought through the present study to test the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the MCQ-30 in a sample of Arabic-speaking community adults from Lebanon. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 423 participants (mean age: 38.13 ± 11.03 years; 61.2% females). The Metacognition Questionnaire-short form, Teruel Orthorexia Scale and Emotion regulation questionnaire were used to assess metacognition, orthorexia nervosa and emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) respectively. Results: Findings of Confirmatory Factor Analyses revealed that the five-factor model provided a good fit to the data. McDonald's ω coefficients ranged from 0.78 to 0.94 for the five MCQ-30 subscales, and was of 0.93 for the total score, hence supporting the adequacy of scale reliability. Results also supported configural, metric, and scalar equivalence of the five-factor model across gender groups. The MCQ-30 subscales showed patterns of correlations with the emotion regulation and disordered eating constructs in the expected directions, providing evidence of the criterion-related validity of the measure. In particular, positive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) were negatively correlated with cognitive self-consciousness and need to control thoughts; whereas maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expressive suppression) showed positive correlations with lack of cognitive confidence, negative beliefs and need to control thoughts. Additionally, all metacognition dimensions (except for cognitive self-consciousness) were significantly and positively correlated with higher levels of orthorexia nervosa behaviors. Conclusions: Our findings preliminarily suggest that the scale is valid, reliable, and can be recommended for use among the broad Arabic-speaking community worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anxiety and depression in coronary heart disease (CHD) are associated with poorer health outcomes, greater healthcare use and reduced quality of life. Post-traumatic stress symptoms may be a particular concern as they are associated with increased mortality at follow-up. We examined prevalence of PTSD in patients with elevated anxiety/depression scores referred for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) across seven NHS sites in North-West England. We tested a possible mechanism (metacognition) linking CHD to PTSD symptom severity as implicated in the metacognitive model. Methods: Data was collected at baseline as part of the NIHR funded PATHWAY trial of metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in CHD. Patients (n = 572) with at least mild symptoms of anxiety and depression under routine screening (assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and attending CR were eligible for the study. A battery of questionnaires, including assessment of demographic variables, PTSD symptoms (using the IES-R) and metacognitive beliefs was administered prior to random allocation and intervention delivery. Results: Rates of PTSD were high, with 48% of patients meeting threshold for PTSD and a further 15% partial PTSD. All five metacognition subscales were positively associated with PTSD vs. no PTSD, with beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry and beliefs about need to control thoughts being most strongly related. For every unit increase in uncontrollability and danger metacognitions the odds of being in the PTSD group increased 30%, whilst the odds of partial PTSD increased 16%. Stepwise regression analysis using the metacognitive subscales along with demographic and health-related covariates found that uncontrollability/danger and need for control metacognitions explained unique variation in PTSD symptom severity, with unique contributions also for age, sex, and number of comorbidities. Conclusion: PTSD symptoms appeared highly prevalent in the current CR sample. Metacognitive beliefs were individually associated with symptom severity with the strongest positive relationship observed for beliefs about uncontrollability and dangerousness of worry, followed by need to control thoughts. The results highlight the importance in assessing PTSD in CR patients and add support to implementing metacognitive therapy in CHD to target particular metacognition risk factors in anxiety, depression and PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Metacognitive beliefs about worry may trigger anxiety. However, the effect of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) treatment on metacognition has not yet been investigated. Objectives To validate the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) in a Brazilian GAD sample and verify whether different interventions reduce metacognitive beliefs. Method We recruited 180 GAD individuals and randomized them to Body in Mind Training (BMT), Fluoxetine (FLX), or an active control group (Quality of Life [QoL]) for 8 weeks. The MCQ-30 was assessed for internal consistency, was evaluated with confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, and was tested for convergent validity with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze differences after the interventions. Results The MCQ-30 demonstrated good internal consistency and acceptability; the original five-factor model was supported. There was a positive moderate correlation between MCQ-30 scores and worry. GEE showed a significant group x time interaction (p < 0.001). Both BMT (mean difference [MD] = -6.04, standard error [SE] = -2.39, p = 0.034) and FLX (MD = -5.78, SE = 1.91, p = 0.007) reduced MCQ-30 scores. FLX was superior to QoL, but not BMT, at weeks 5 and 8. There were no differences between BMT and QoL. Conclusion The Brazilian-Portuguese version of MCQ-30 showed good psychometric properties. Furthermore, the positive effect of FLX and BMT on metacognition suggests it may represent a potential therapeutic target.

Introduction: Metacognitive beliefs about worry may trigger anxiety. However, the effect of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) treatment on metacognition has not yet been investigated. Objectives: To validate the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) in a Brazilian GAD sample and verify whether different interventions reduce metacognitive beliefs. Method: We recruited 180 GAD individuals and randomized them to Body in Mind Training (BMT), Fluoxetine (FLX), or an active control group (Quality of Life [QoL]) for 8 weeks. The MCQ-30 was assessed for internal consistency, was evaluated with confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, and was tested for convergent validity with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze differences after the interventions. Results: The MCQ-30 demonstrated good internal consistency and acceptability; the original five-factor model was supported. There was a positive moderate correlation between MCQ-30 scores and worry. GEE showed a significant group x time interaction (p < 0.001). Both BMT (mean difference [MD] = -6.04, standard error [SE] = -2.39, p = 0.034) and FLX (MD = -5.78, SE = 1.91, p = 0.007) reduced MCQ-30 scores. FLX was superior to QoL, but not BMT, at weeks 5 and 8. There were no differences between BMT and QoL. Conclusion: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of MCQ-30 showed good psychometric properties. Furthermore, the positive effect of FLX and BMT on metacognition suggests it may represent a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many genetic counseling (GC) studies have focused on anxiety status because clients of GC often feel anxious during their visits. Metacognition is known to be one of the causes of having an inappropriate thinking style. In this study, we examined the relationship between anxiety and the metacognitive status of GC clients according to their characteristics. Methods: The participants were 106 clients who attended their first GC session in our hospital from November 2018 to March 2021. The survey items were the clients' characteristics, anxiety status at the time of the visit, and metacognitive status. Results: High state anxiety and high trait anxiety were observed in 34.9 and 11.3% of clients, respectively. Clients who were a relative or had a family history were significantly more likely to have high state anxiety. As for metacognitive status, only negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger were associated with having an anxiety status. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger were an independent determinant of higher state anxiety, but not being a relative or having a family history. Metacognitive status scores were significantly lower in clients than in the control group. Conclusion: State anxiety was shown to be more dependent on negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger of GC clients than their characteristics such as being a relative or having a family history. The results of this study will contribute to the development of new GC psychosocial support measures to address the anxiety of GC clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metacognitive Control System (MCS) model gives central importance to maladaptive metacognition in psychological vulnerability and disorder. The metacognitions questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30) is widely used to assess such metacognitions and to establish their effects. Previous studies consistently demonstrate that the MCQ-30 consists of five latent factors, with some factors showing wide-ranging positive associations with symptoms and some demonstrating more specific symptom links. Questions remain concerning relationships between MCQ-items (or domains) and the most central of these outside of the latent-factor model. In the present study we set out to explore the internal structure of the MCQ-30 using network analysis and estimated two graphical Gaussian models, one with items- and one with domains, in an unselected sample (N = 1080). The robustness and stability of the networks, as well as the node predictability were assessed. Among our observations was that the items of the MCQ-30 appeared to cluster in meaningful substructures, corresponding to metacognitive theory. Furthermore, “need for control” was the most centrally placed domain, suggesting it plays an important role in the network and that its activation has a strong influence on other nodes. The theoretical and clinical implications of the current findings are discussed in light of the metacognitive model of psychological disorder.

BackgroundMany genetic counseling (GC) studies have focused on anxiety status because clients of GC often feel anxious during their visits. Metacognition is known to be one of the causes of having an inappropriate thinking style. In this study, we examined the relationship between anxiety and the metacognitive status of GC clients according to their characteristics.MethodsThe participants were 106 clients who attended their first GC session in our hospital from November 2018 to March 2021. The survey items were the clients’ characteristics, anxiety status at the time of the visit, and metacognitive status.ResultsHigh state anxiety and high trait anxiety were observed in 34.9 and 11.3% of clients, respectively. Clients who were a relative or had a family history were significantly more likely to have high state anxiety. As for metacognitive status, only negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger were associated with having an anxiety status. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger were an independent determinant of higher state anxiety, but not being a relative or having a family history. Metacognitive status scores were significantly lower in clients than in the control group.ConclusionState anxiety was shown to be more dependent on negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger of GC clients than their characteristics such as being a relative or having a family history. The results of this study will contribute to the development of new GC psychosocial support measures to address the anxiety of GC clients.

The Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) measures maladaptive metacognitive beliefs considered central to the metacognitive model of psychopathology. However, the psychometric properties of the MCQ-30 in test anxiety (TA) among university students are unknown. This study examined the MCQ-30 factor structure and concurrent validity in both trait and state TA. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses support the previously established five-factor structure of the MCQ-30 in both state and trait TA, with factors having good internal consistency. Structural equation modeling of the relationships between MCQ-30 subscales and TA found 'Negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worry' to have the strongest association. The MCQ-30 appears a robust measure of metacognitive beliefs in TA and provides a basis for further testing of the validity of the metacognitive model in TA. Extending the reach of metacognitive therapy, which is based upon the metacognitive model, to TA could help to improve both student wellbeing and academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological functioning plays an important role in medical conditions and impacts patients' quality of life. Previously, many studies have highlighted the association of metacognition to both the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. Recently, several researchers pointed out the relevant role of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs in the context of chronic diseases. Hence, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs could be directly related to anxiety and depression, regardless of the medical condition's expression. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available evidence regarding the association of metacognition with anxiety, depression, and perceived quality of life, in the context of medical conditions, according to Wells' theory.Methods: A systematic review based on electronic bibliographic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Web of Knowledge) of scientific literature was carried out. Studies involving patients evaluated in clinical settings were included in the analysis.Results: Our findings indicated that metacognition appears to be related to anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with medical chronic conditions. Therefore, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs might be a relevant factor associated with the process of adapting to illness.Conclusions: The additional evaluation of metacognitive factors in the context of several medical chronic conditions appears valuable. Due to the rising interest in the study of metacognition, suggestions for future research have also been provided.

Background: Psychological functioning plays an important role in medical conditions and impacts patients' quality of life. Previously, many studies have highlighted the association of metacognition to both the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. Recently, several researchers pointed out the relevant role of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs in the context of chronic diseases. Hence, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs could be directly related to anxiety and depression, regardless of the medical condition's expression. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available evidence regarding the association of metacognition with anxiety, depression, and perceived quality of life, in the context of medical conditions, according to Wells' theory. Methods: A systematic review based on electronic bibliographic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Web of Knowledge) of scientific literature was carried out. Studies involving patients evaluated in clinical settings were included in the analysis. Results: Our findings indicated that metacognition appears to be related to anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with medical chronic conditions. Therefore, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs might be a relevant factor associated with the process of adapting to illness. Conclusions: The additional evaluation of metacognitive factors in the context of several medical chronic conditions appears valuable. Due to the rising interest in the study of metacognition, suggestions for future research have also been provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ‐30) is a brief multidimensional measure used for assessment of metacognitive beliefs in psychopathology. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of MCQ‐30 in Serbian nonclinical (n = 246) and clinical (n = 171; anxiety and depressive disorders) samples. The reliability of the questionnaire and its subscales was satisfactory. An exploratory factor analysis yielded a five‐factor solution in both groups, whereas a confirmatory factor analysis showed a somewhat weaker fit of the model. The MCQ‐30 showed positive associations with measures of anxiety, pathological worry, depressive, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in both samples, demonstrating adequate convergent validity. The instrument was sensitive to differences in metacognitive beliefs between nonclinical and clinical samples. MCQ‐30 subscales showed incremental contributions in predicting pathological worry after controlling for the variance in obsessive–compulsive symptoms and vice versa. Our results suggest that the MCQ‐30 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing metacognitive beliefs in both nonclinical and clinical samples. Moreover, the findings support the use of the MCQ‐30 in Serbian population and extend support for the metacognitive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30 (MCQ-30) is a self-report measure that assesses metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about thinking). Prior research has supported a correlated five-factor model, but no known published study has examined the tenability of second-order or bifactor models of the MCQ-30. Results supported a bifactor model of the MCQ-30 in a sample of community adults from the United States (N = 785), as well as separately among men (n = 372) and women (n = 413). Multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis supported the configural and metric/scalar invariance of the bifactor model among men and women. Results further supported the incremental validity of one of the MCQ-30 domain-specific factors in accounting for unique variance in an index of health anxiety beyond the general metacognition factor. Results provide support for a bifactor conceptualization of the MCQ-30 and the invariance of that model across men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30 (MCQ‐30) has been used to assess metacognitive beliefs in a range of mental health problems. The aim of this study is to assess the validity of the MCQ‐30 in people at risk for psychosis. Methods: One hundred eighty‐five participants meeting criteria for an at risk mental state completed the MCQ‐30 as part of their involvement in a randomized controlled trial. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to assess factor structure and construct validity. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the original five‐factor structure of the MCQ‐30. Examination of principal component analysis and parallel analysis outputs also suggested a five‐factor structure. Correlation analyses including measures of depression, social anxiety, and beliefs about paranoia showed evidence of convergent validity. Discriminant validity was supported using the normalizing subscale of the beliefs about paranoia tool. Conclusions: The MCQ‐30 demonstrated good fit using the original five‐factor model, acceptable to very good internal consistency of items was evident and clinical usefulness in those at risk for psychosis was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive models of psychopathology posit that metacognitive beliefs may figure prominently in the maintenance, and perhaps the etiology, of emotional disorders. Wells and Cartwright-Hatton (2004) developed the 30-item Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) to measure metacognitive beliefs among individuals with anxiety and depression. However, uncertainty still abounds regarding the factorial structure of the French version of the MCQ-30. We designed the present study to overcome this issue. We computed confirmatory factor analyses to examine structural properties of the MCQ-30 in a French-speaking community sample ( N = 262). Our results are consistent with previous studies, especially regarding the factorial structure. Moreover, good internal reliability and concurrent validity were observed. The MCQ-30 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing various factors of metacognitions for research and clinical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) was developed to measure individual differences in metacognitive beliefs and processes, which are central to the metacognitive model of emotional disorders. Although previous research has supported the role of metacognitive beliefs and processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), no studies have examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the MCQ-30 in OCD patients. The present study overcomes this limitation by exploring the factor structure and convergent validity of the MCQ-30 in a sample of OCD patients before and after psychological treatment. Method The MCQ-30 and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were administered to 352 OCD patients at pre-treatment and to 213 of these OCD patients at post-treatment. The factorial structure and convergent validity of the MCQ-30 were assessed using factor analyses and structural equation modelling. Results Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses supported the originally hypothesized five-factor structure of the MCQ-30. At both time points, structural equation modelling indicated that dimensions of metacognition were significantly associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusions The MCQ-30 appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring metacognitive beliefs and processes in OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metacognitive beliefs about worry may trigger anxiety. However, the effect of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) treatment on metacognition has not yet been investigated., Objectives: To validate the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) in a Brazilian GAD sample and verify whether different interventions reduce metacognitive beliefs., Method: We recruited 180 GAD individuals and randomized them to Body in Mind Training (BMT), Fluoxetine (FLX), or an active control group (Quality of Life [QoL]) for 8 weeks. The MCQ-30 was assessed for internal consistency, was evaluated with confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, and was tested for convergent validity with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze differences after the interventions., Results: The MCQ-30 demonstrated good internal consistency and acceptability; the original five-factor model was supported. There was a positive moderate correlation between MCQ-30 scores and worry. GEE showed a significant group x time interaction (p < 0.001). Both BMT (mean difference [MD] = -6.04, standard error [SE] = -2.39, p = 0.034) and FLX (MD = -5.78, SE = 1.91, p = 0.007) reduced MCQ-30 scores. FLX was superior to QoL, but not BMT, at weeks 5 and 8. There were no differences between BMT and QoL., Conclusion: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of MCQ-30 showed good psychometric properties. Furthermore, the positive effect of FLX and BMT on metacognition suggests it may represent a potential therapeutic target., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article.

Background The short form of the Metacognitions Questionnaire is a brief multidimensional measure of a range of metacognitive processes and metacognitive beliefs about worry and cognition relevant to vulnerability to and maintenance of emotional disorders. The aim of the study was adapt and validate a Spanish version of the short form of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) and to evaluate its psychometric properties in clinical and nonclinical samples. Method The MCQ-30 was administered to a sample of 316 patients with psychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, and eating disorders) and to a sample of 169 individuals belonging to the general population. Instrument reliability (internal consistency), construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis [CFA], convergent validity, known groups) and responsiveness were measured. Results The clinical sample scored the highest on all factors when compared to nonclinical sample. The exploratory factor analysis supported the MCQ׳s original five-factor solution. The CFA suggested a good fit of the model. Correlation with measure of worry demonstrated convergent validity. Known-groups validity was supported by significant differences in the MCQ-30 mean scores according to certain variables, such as educational level and employment status. Limitations This study did not assess the test–retest reliability. Conclusions The MCQ-30 has good psychometric properties and can be used to evaluate several dimensions of metacognition in both clinical and nonclinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metacognitive Control System (MCS) model gives central importance to maladaptive metacognition in psychological vulnerability and disorder. The metacognitions questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30) is widely used to assess such metacognitions and to establish their effects. Previous studies consistently demonstrate that the MCQ-30 consists of five latent factors, with some factors showing wide-ranging positive associations with symptoms and some demonstrating more specific symptom links. Questions remain concerning relationships between MCQ-items (or domains) and the most central of these outside of the latent-factor model. In the present study we set out to explore the internal structure of the MCQ-30 using network analysis and estimated two graphical Gaussian models, one with items- and one with domains, in an unselected sample (N = 1080). The robustness and stability of the networks, as well as the node predictability were assessed. Among our observations was that the items of the MCQ-30 appeared to cluster in meaningful substructures, corresponding to metacognitive theory. Furthermore, "need for control" was the most centrally placed domain, suggesting it plays an important role in the network and that its activation has a strong influence on other nodes. The theoretical and clinical implications of the current findings are discussed in light of the metacognitive model of psychological disorder. • The MCS model gives central importance to metacognition in psychological disorder. • We explored the network structure of maladaptive metacognitions. • Nodes corresponding to the control of cognition were centrally placed in the network. • Metacognitive therapy is specifically designed to address the control of cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this prospective study was to explore the Automatic Thought Questionnaire Negative (ATQ-30-N) and the Meta-cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) as predictors in the development of depressive or anxious symptoms. A sample ( N = 201) completed the ATQ-30-N, MCQ-30, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) twice with a three month interval. The HSCL-25 measures both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Separate multiple hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the ATQ-30-N was a positive predictor for levels of depressive symptoms, while the MCQ-30 was a predictor of both levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, at follow-up, when controlling for gender, age and pre-test levels of symptoms. However, the MCQ-30 did not predict future levels of depressive symptoms, when levels of automatic negative thoughts measured by the ATQ-30-N were statistically controlled for. The findings suggested that the ATQ-30-N predicts future levels of depressive symptoms, while the MCQ-30 primarily predicts future levels of anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: One of the aims of this study was to investigate whether or not patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) differ from healthy controls in terms of their dysfunctional metacognitions. Another aim was to investigate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive (O-C) symptom types and subdimensions of metacognition. Methods: Fifty-two patients diagnosed with OCD and 65 healthy controls were evaluated using the Metacognitions Questionaire-30 (MCQ-30). Scale scores were compared using the Student-t test, and effect sizes of statistical significance were calculated. Additionally, the, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Inventory (MOCI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied, and the correlations between the scores from these scales and the MCQ-30 were tested using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: MCQ-30 total scores in OCD patients compared to healthy controls were higher to a medium degree (p<0.0001, effect size=0.74). "Uncontrollability and danger" (p<0.0001, effect size=0.95), and "need to control thoughts" (p<0.0001, effect size=0.84) subscales were higher in patients with OCD patients with a large effect size. The highest correlations between subscales of MCQ-30 and MOCI scores were between "doubt/indecisiveness" symptom type scores and "uncontrollability and danger" (r=0.48) and "need to control thoughts" (r=0.47) subscale scores. In addition, the highest correlations between BAI score and subscales of these scales (MCQ-30 and MOCI) were between the same subscales (respectively; r =0.46, r =0.55, r =0.66). Conclusions: Dysfunctional metacognitions were quite high in OCD patients. Certain metacognition subdimensions ("uncontrollability and danger" and "need to control thoughts") are of central importance in OCD. Some obsessive compulsive symptom types ("doubt/indecisiveness") exhibit a more common and substantial relationship with these metacognitions. Our study is the first to investigate the relationship between OCD and metacognitions in Turkey and may contribute to a better understanding of metacognitive processes in OCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the short form of the Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30) in a population of Turkish university students. The metacognitions questionnaire (MCQ) measures individual differences in a selection of metacognitive beliefs, judgments, and monitoring tendencies considered important in the metacognitive model of psychological disorders. Method: The study included 850 university students from 15 Turkish universities. Mean age age of the participants was 21.22 years, 282 (33.17%) were female, and 568 (66.82%) were male. Results: Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the Turkish version of MCQ-30 has 5 components, which is same factor structure as the original form. In addition, the fit indices of CFA suggested an acceptable fit to a 5-factor model consistent with the original MCQ-30. The Turkish MCQ-30 showed acceptable to good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity. Significant positive relationships between the subscales of MCQ-30 and measures of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms provided further support for the convergent validity of the Turkish version. Moreover, significant negative correlations were observed between age and the MCQ-30 subscales, and the effect of gender was significant on some of the subscales. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of MCQ-30 showed that the instrument is a valuable additional tool for the assessment of metacognition in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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