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Expressions about opportunities are used unproblematically in everyday contexts. Yet, the question "What is an opportunity?" has posed a difficult riddle in the academic study of entrepreneurship. Drawing on the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, we explain that such perplexities are common when words are removed from ordinary language and intellectuals try to grasp what they name. Approaching the opportunity riddle differently, we ask, "How do entrepreneurs use the word 'opportunity?'" and elucidate an actualization theory of entrepreneurship attuned to the everyday understandings that underlie the meaningful use of the word. Bringing implicit understandings to the foreground contributes to (a) dissolving the mystification over the nature of "opportunity"; (b) clarifying the conceptual foundations of entrepreneurship theory; and (c) reorienting the field toward more conceptually precise ways of thinking about Knightian uncertainty, entrepreneurial success, and the entrepreneurial process. This paper also contributes to the methodology of management studies by demonstrating how attention to the logic of ordinary language can alert us to theoretical dead-ends and enable the development of theory that bridges academic and everyday understandings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many years Simone Weil and Ludwig Wittgenstein have been placed side by side. Little of that work has tried to explicitly compare the two. Direct comparisons can, however, be made between Weil and Wittgenstein, which can show that the ways they approached philosophy shared numerous traits and ideas. Both thinkers rejected philosophical systems, both admitted that serious philosophical work did not try to reject all contradictions internal to it, and, in fact, both sought to make facing contradictions and seeming contradictions central to their method. Both wrote of the world with a sense of mystery that surrounds human life, a sense of transcendent good. Both engaged the problems with talking about such a good that cannot be neatly fit into language. Both also saw the task of philosophy as one concerned with meaning. Both also saw philosophy as a matter of “work on oneself.” This essay will examine what it means to say that philosophy is a matter of work on oneself. To do so, I want to examine primarily two essays, one from each philosopher, essays which bear remarkable similarity to each other in the sort of problem they deal with.They are section xi of Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Psychology – A Fragment, and Weil's “Essay on the Concept of Reading.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the convention of off-stage cries deployed in Greek tragedy and satyr play chiefly to represent violent events. Unlike other studies dedicated to this topic, it is primarily focused on the cries themselves and to a lesser extent on their context, both dramatic and theatrical. Using the familiar distinction between word and action, it begins with a simple question: how exactly does an off-stage cry represent a violent event taking place within? Examined first as textual phenomena the voices from within are found to acquire their meaning through the discourse of the characters, and not as cries per se. The performative approach, however, also brings their auditory dimension into perspective. Although the evidence is mostly circumstantial, its cumulative weight does suggest that the vocal qualities of the off-stage cries could endow them with meanings unaccounted for in the textual perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the potential for media portrayals to affect adolescents' cognitions regarding risk behaviors and the importance of message interpretation processes, this study investigates how adolescents give meaning to media portrayals of risk behavior (e.g. alcohol, smoking, drugs, sex, and reckless behavior) and which factors play a role within this process through 7 focus groups followed by 50 individual interviews with adolescents. Findings indicate adolescents are far from passive consumers of media portrayals of risk behavior. Participants expressed awareness of the ubiquity and symbolism with which risk behaviors are portrayed in popular media and were mostly adept at deconstructing the images portrayed. However, this did not always translate to critical responses. An interplay of real-life experiences and message characteristics informed judgments about media portrayals of risk behavior. Contributing factors to critical and media-literate deconstructions are distilled in the form of barriers and boosters, and suggestions for media literacy interventions are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Pardoner's Tale, Chaucer evinces a surprising interest in the medical practice of diagnosis, leveraging diagnosis and its investment in etiology to interrogate how semiotic systems explain the relationship between a person's body and moral authority. He references two semiotic systems that might make the Pardoner's moral authority legible: one based on scholastic medical ethics and another on Galenic complexion theory. Neither system, however, fully accounts for the Pardoner's body. Consequently, Chaucer elevates the semiotic dilemma in the tale from what is the right way to read the human body to whether there is a right way. This article uses medical discourse to show how Chaucer problematizes ideas of bodily semiotics. Indeed, Chaucer advances the annihilating possibility that there is no single way to interpret signs and that humans are left to muddle their way as best they can through a world full of competing semiotic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meaning, a fundamental component of human well-being, can be categorized into seven interrelated subdomains, as our study provides evidence for. These categories nest within a previously established tripartite classification of meaning in life (e.g. coherence, significance, and direction/purpose). We present the psychological and philosophical distinctions that led to the development of the Comprehensive Measure of Meaning (CMM). We provide empirical evidence for the reliability of scores and validity of the CMM using a longitudinal sample of college students (N = 4058) and a large, diverse sample from a Latin American financial institution (N = 8794). The measurement of individuals’ perception of their meaning in life is internally consistent, and we present results based on an innovative method to explore conceptual distinctions. Finally, we provide recommendations on using the CMM as a measure of individuals’ perceptions of their meaning in life and avenues for potentially beneficial modifications researchers might consider based on their intended uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I focus on Kant’s notion of God, showing that his critical philosophy changed the meaning and function of traditional concepts. Then I move on to consider a philosopher of the contemporary Arab world, al-Jabri, who has been influenced by Kant: the author of the Critique of Arab Reason shares with Kant a dissatisfaction regarding a certain use of reason which does not inquire about its boundaries. Philosophy must confront its tradition, free it from prejudices, search for reasons and investigate the origin and uses of its concepts, but critically analysing tradition does not imply that the past cannot help charting the path of the future. A fresh reading of tradition could help modernize Islam without losing the cultural elements of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the relationship between the lifestyle and the meaning of life in the Stoic school is investigated. An old school that considers the meaning of philosophy as a way of life and claims stylization, and nowadays its teachings have been taken into consideration. How to live a life is one of the concerns of human beings and to identify its strengths and weaknesses, in order to present an ideal life style, the relevant and effective meaning of life should be sought in it. The meaning of life is formed based on ontology, anthropology and valuation. After inferencing it in the Stoic school, it’s behavioral teachings are examined in 4 fields: interaction with oneself, with God, with others and with universe. The existence of gaps and defects such as the way of Substantive interpretation of universe and human being in the intellectual foundations of Stoicism, has caused the emergence of a multifaceted and ambiguous meaning of life. And accordingly the lifestyle resulting from this school has encountered conflicts and challenges such as how to communicate with the Creator and the practical obligations arising from it. Also human communication and how to interact with fellow humans and how to accept modernity and the resilience of the requirements of technological life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although not always apparent, generating theories about organizational phenomena inevitably involves philosophical questions. The latter are concerned with the meaning of the concepts researchers use to describe, interpret, explain, and, in general, understand organizational phenomena. A philosophical approach to organization studies aims to scrutinize, critique, and clarify key concepts, modes of thinking, research practices, as well as assumptions about reality and ways of justifying knowledge claims. Similar to other institutionalized practices, organizational research legitimates and takes for granted certain ways of engaging with, and talking about, the world, leading inevitably to some closure of meaning. Philosophical inquiry can counteract such closure by questioning commonly accepted meanings and fostering an inquisitive mindset that allows us to perceive the world anew. The aim of this Special Issue is to further develop and critically enhance the existing endeavours that explicitly incorporate philosophical approaches in organization studies. Specifically, the objective is to promote a more philosophically oriented approach in the field, focusing on both critical analysis and the development of innovative conceptual advancements. In this Introduction, we not only introduce the featured papers but, also, reflect on the broader purpose of philosophy, its relationship to organization studies, and how it can inform and enrich the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contrasts the thoughts of philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey and intellectual Ham Sok Hon on homo-historicus and their understanding of history as grounded in human nature involving meaning-making/sharing and narrative-building. It compares their thoughts on life as a multidimensionality and dialogic creativity as a narrative builder and sustainer. It discusses their notions of religion and articulation of transcendence as the force of reflective mind and expressions of historical life.

What does it mean to teach philosophy today? This question occupies a central position in Bernard Stiegler's thinking and his practice. For Stiegler, to teach philosophy is to initiate, so that an individuation, or a quantum leap, could take place within and between the teacher and the participants. This article traces a mystagogical thinking in Stiegler's work, especially his reading of Plato and Simondon. This mystagogical thinking, present in philosophy and art, is also an antidote against the becoming herd in the consumerist society, which also means disindividuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including scholar Gunther Kress's influence on semiotics, multimodality, and educational theory, celebrating his transformative contributions to meaning-making.

This essay unpacks several arguments about the metaphilosophic nature of African philosophy and charts a way through the problems these arguments encounter. It argues that we must be careful in our attempt to define African philosophy conceptually. Because to define it is to limit it—and to limit it is to conserve it and lead it to a cesspool. It also argues that finding a single meaning for African philosophy is not a rich endeavour, because, just like Western philosophy, African philosophy should not be a thing but be a vast array of things. The argument, one hopes, is taken as a normative rather than a merely prescriptive enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Niklas Luhmann's approach to relationships was ambivalent. While references to the word abound in his work, his systems theory renders 'relationship' redundant as key concept. This has made it difficult for Luhmannian theorists to describe social forms that endure beyond serial interactions. Attempts have been made to overcome this 'latency problem' by conceptualising relationships as social systems. Contending that by focusing on communication these attempts reproduce rather than solve the problem, this article proposes an alternative solution. Centred in Luhmann's conception of meaning, it conceives of relationships as meaning forms (Sinnformen) in whose construal the phenomenalising capacities of psychical systems play a vital role: mental operations such as imagined interactions routinely bridge phases of non-interaction, which are constitutive elements of relationships. This critical reconstruction aims to contribute to a fuller grasp of the interdependencies between serial interactions and enduring relationships in Luhmann's own terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding meaning in life is a fundamental human motivation. Along with pleasure, meaning is a pillar of happiness and well-being. Yet, despite the centrality of this motive, and despite firms' attempts to appeal to this motive, scant research has investigated how the pursuit of meaning influences consumer choice, especially in comparison to the study of pleasure. While previous perspectives would suggest that the pursuit of meaning tilts consumers toward high-quality products, we predicted and found the opposite. As compared to a pleasure or (no goal) baseline condition, six studies demonstrate that the pursuit of meaning causes people to consider how they can otherwise use their money (opportunity costs) which in turn leads to a preference for less expensive goods. This effect is robust across multiple product categories and usage situations, including both experiential and material purchases, and is obtained even when the more expensive product is perceived to deliver greater meaning. For participants pursuing meaning, making opportunity costs salient has no effect on their choices, and encouraging opportunity cost neglect increases their willingness to pay for a more expensive item. This research thus provides an initial answer as to how the pursuit of meaning shapes consumer choice processes and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banging together pots and pans has become established as a common protest technique in Spain and across the world. Pot-banging can be linked to charivari: a centuries-old, Europe-wide, nuptial practice that subjected a marrying couple to mocking moral critique, which was also adapted for political ends. This article, however, distinguishes between nuptial charivari (the cencerrada) and recent political pot-banging (the cacerolada). The former suffered a process decline and disappearance while the latter, separately, was imported into Spain from Latin America in the late 1980s. The lack of connection between the two is reflected in different terms, but can be further established through close attention to their respective staging, gendered nature, meaning and sound. The case of Spanish pot-banging sheds light on the fate of 'traditions' during the Transition from the Francoist dictatorship to democracy, particularly in terms of changing notions of individual rights, civility and gender relations, and has implications for how historians approach the history of collective action. Historians should pay greater attention to how techniques are transmitted and learned within and across borders. The history of modern protest is perhaps more disjointed than modernizing approaches suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recital was, and is, an essential part of Buddhist textual transmission. Recently, the role of repetition as a literary feature has been discussed as a key element in the construction and final composition of the texts. This article contributes to the discussion through a literary analysis of the role of repetition and recital in two suttas of the Dīghanikāya. With examination of two key repeat passages and the way each is presented, it demonstrates that repetition in each sutta discussed forms a key function, crucially dependent on what one might term a literary, or an experiential, effect. The suttas were intended to be heard; long suttas were, and often still are, performative, listened to over sometimes several hours, embedded in rituals designed to highlight their efficacy. This article shows that the recital of key repeat passages within the long suttas is linked to specific and often distinctive literary and meditative effects, particularly adapted for oral performance. It suggests that such passages should not be marginalized but rather seen as central indicators of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summoning insights from dzimbahwe cultures of knowing—specifically indigenous ways of seeing, thinking, knowing, and doing as archived in local languages—this essay will first argue that the word "insect" did not exist among the author's ancestors before the colonial moment and is too light and narrow to account for their sciences and what they did with and through them. Second, it proposes indigenous concepts that more adequately capture meanings of and human actions toward flying, crawling, burrowing, and swimming tiny animals, possible through lived experience. Third, the author goes into and speaks through the language of his ancestors about their little animals without bones. He devotes the entire essay to just one type of boneless little animal— chifemanemusana (the one that breathes with its back)—drawing on both his ancestors' and his own experiences with several zvifemanemusana (plural). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logical positivism is often characterized as a set of naive doctrines on meaning, method, and metaphysics. In recent decades, however, historians have dismissed this view as a gross misinterpretation. This new scholarship raises a number of questions. When did the standard reading emerge? Why did it become so popular? And how could commentators have been so wrong? This essay reconstructs the history of a "caricature" and rejects the hypothesis that it was developed by ill-informed Anglophone scholars who failed to appreciate the subtleties of European scientific philosophy. It argues that the received view has a more complicated history and was frequently promoted by the European positivists themselves. The essay shows that the view has roots in both American and European scientific philosophy and emerged as a result of the complex interplay between the two communities in the years before the intellectual migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With textualism's ascendancy, courts increasingly invoke the canon to assume "ordinary meaning" unless the context indicates otherwise and the rule to enforce "plain meaning" regardless of extratextual considerations. Yet the relationship between ordinary meaning and plain meaning can become confused in practice. Courts use the terms interchangeably, and they conflate them doctrinally. Ordinary meaning and plain meaning are distinct. Ordinary meaning is what the text would convey to a reasonable English user in the context of everyday communication. Plain meaning refers to a judgment that whatever the text conveys in context is clear from the text. Thus, a term's ordinary meaning is also its plain meaning only when it is clear from how the term is used in the statute that its context is ordinary, as opposed to technical. Courts conflate the two, however, when they assume ordinary meaning under the ordinary meaning canon and then conclude that they are therefore bound to enforce that meaning under the plain meaning rule. As a result, they end interpretation prematurely, excluding extratextual aids that might well show that the ordinary meaning assumption should give way. This Article is the first to investigate the relationship between ordinary meaning and plain meaning. It clarifies their differences, identifies the ways in which they are conflated, and evaluates when they should converge. For textualists, greater clarity on this score illuminates when and how to bring ordinary meaning and plain meaning together in a principled manner. For methodological pluralists, understanding the gap between ordinary meaning and plain meaning opens opportunities to argue beyond the text in our increasingly textualist world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two decades later, the conceptual problems of the term "agency" identified by Walter Johnson remain largely unresolved, in particular the analytic inhibitions that follow from what the historian Lynn Thomas has described as agency-as-argument. Taking the case of the colonial Zimbabwean chief Munhuwepayi Mangwende as a reference point, this essay argues that the microhistorical tracing of agency as meaning rather than causality is what may permit us to move past the "safe harbor" of agency-as-argument and begin to understand the full range of what people have chosen to do in the past—and to interact more effectively with what they might yet choose to do in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the process of writing and editing the United States Declaration of Independence at the end of the 18th century. The author explores the historical record of the writing left by Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, discusses how the Declaration helped to shape the meaning of several keywords, including slavery, freedom, equality, and race, and examines how these words have defined American culture and history.

The article commemorates British linguist Gunther Kress's impact on the field of semiotics and multimodality through a special issue dedicated to his work. Topics discussed include the evolution of Kress's ideas on meaning-making, the shifting focus from linguistic to semiotic concerns, and the ongoing critique and extension of multimodal concepts such as mode, affordance, and agency.

This research paper deals with “The Impact of the Conditional Style Denotation on the Context Formation in the Debt Verse—Surah al-Baqara 282”. The significance of this study arises from the reasons for choosing it which are based on: first, demonstrating the effect of the conditional style patterns in constructing the denotation of the debt verse context, keeping in mind the diversity of the conditional style, i.e. direct or indirect, and the immediate connection of the debt issue with the life of the individual and the society; second, showing the achieved impact of the conditional style on the structures of this verse and its denotations and the consequently implied legislative provisions that regulate the life of the Muslim society. The paper is divided into three sections of two parts each and a conclusion. The first section discusses the syntactic and semantic functions of the conditional style and the value of the debt verse in the context of its surah, focusing on the denotation of the verse’s internal structure within the framework of its relationship with the general context of the surah. The second section explores the effect of the direct conditional style in the construction of the verse’s context denotation, especially the effect of the two if devices, itha and en, in the denotative construction of this context. The third section explains the contextual effect of the indirect conditional style in the construction of the verse’s context denotation, especially those patterns which are based on request to construct the condition denotation in the context of the verse in question. The most important findings of the paper can be summarized in the following three points: • The conditional style with its variant patterns fits semantically in the context of the general meaning of the debt verse (Surah al-Baqarah 282) which makes it denotatively very miraculous. • The semantic integration between the patterns of the conditional style created a semantic harmony within the context of the debt verse (Surah al-Baqarah 282) which helps to communicate the legislative semantic purpose to the addressees. • The intense presence of the conditional style denotation in the structural context of the debt verse (Surah al-Baqarah 282) came to serve the basic goal for which its context was built. This is integrated with the reciprocal serving of the structures connotations that serve the legislative purpose for which the Wise Lawgiver, Glory be to Him, revealed this verse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to argue for a revised and precisified version of the infamous Verifiability Criterion for the meaningfulness of declarative sentences. The argument is based on independently plausible premises concerning probabilistic confirmation and meaning as context-change potential, it is shown to be logically valid, and its ramifications for potential applications of the criterion are being discussed. Although the paper is not historical but systematic, the criterion thus vindicated will resemble the original one(s) in some important ways. At the same time, it will also be more modest insofar as meaningfulness will turn out to be relativized linguistically and probabilistically, and different choices of the linguistic and probabilistic parameters may lead to different verdicts on meaningfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies of interactional particles have shown that a particle's social meaning may be contextually contingent and a momentary instantiation of the form's core meaning. This paper shows how analysing particles using Blommaert and De Fina's (2017) chronotopic frame approach provides greater insight into the dialectic relationship between forms' meanings that are relatively transitory or perduring. This paper illustrates the contributions of chronotopic frame approaches by using this framework to analyse how three distinct interactionally emergent social meanings of the Pontianak Malay particle bah are connected to the particle's core meaning of 'shared knowledge'. • Examines how Pontianak Malay particle bah conveys contextually sensitive social meanings in interaction. • Explores dialectic relationship between interactionally emergent and more perduring core meanings of particles. • Illustrates benefits of chronotopic frame approaches to study of interactional particles' meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Philósophos is the property of Revista Philosophos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

I develop Schopenhauerian musical formalism. First, I present a Schopenhauerian account of music with a background of his metaphysical framework. Then, I define meaningfulness as an analog to a Kantian notion of purposiveness and argue that, in light of Schopenhauer, music is meaningful as a direct manifestation of the universal will. Given the ineffable nature of what music points to, its form lacks any representation of meaning. Music is therefore the mere form of meaningfulness, and it is precisely this mere form that gives rise to the infinite possibilities to ascribe it with a variety of musical meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bale beleq traditional house of Jerowaru Village and Wakan Village is a historical heritage. This house is different from ordinary traditional houses because Bale beleq is occupied by people who are respected. In addition, there are also historical relics such as keris, swords, and many more. This research aims to examine information about the meaning and philosophy of the Bale beleq traditional house. This research was conducted in Jerowaru Village and Wakan Village. Eight respondents were interviewed. The research method used was the qualitative method. Data collection was done by using observation, interview, and documentation methods. The data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results of the study found the history of the emergence of the Bale beleq traditional house, the meaning and philosophy of Bale beleq, and the values within Bale beleq. Currently, Bale beleq is used as a center for socio-cultural religious activities. One way to maintain and preserve traditional houses is to make the house a cultural heritage so that it does not erode with the time, and to make Bale beleq an educational and cultural tour site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Percival Everett's multi-dimensional use of a concept he has termed the "slash" (i.e., the line that both separates and conjoins signifier/signified) in his novel American Desert. In effect, this slash is a trope Everett deploys to compel readers not to align themselves with what might otherwise be perceived as the author's message but rather to explore a wide range of the possible ideas and provisional meanings his fiction might generate, challenge these perceived meanings, constructively play with his text, and eventually tease out some (inevitably contingent) concepts that may, upon further consideration, morph into newer, richer sets of understanding. Although Everett's use of the slash is not unique to American Desert, it is arguably the novel in which he uses the trope most pervasively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the concept of literacy‐as‐event to explore the embodied meaning‐making of a young child during small world play. Recent developments in literacy research, influenced by relational thinking, have led to a reconsideration of how meaning‐making unfolds in home and school settings. The concept of literacy‐as‐event suggests that meaning‐making is unpredictable and dynamic, responding to novel socio‐material interactions between texts, people, objects and moments. This view suggests that there is a need to ensure children have opportunities to engage with embodied and material meaning‐making beyond shared reading events. In this article, small world play after a shared reading event is positioned as enabling socio‐material meaning‐making through embodied and material encounters with people and objects. A single episode of small world play is presented for analysis. A multimodal analytical approach is used, drawing attention to the embodied interactions between a child, her adult and objects. Analysis of the data shows that the young child's meaning‐making involved moments of physical and material almost‐hiatus, followed by erratic movements. These often unexpected fluctuations, between stillness and motion, created generative tensions between the child and her adult, enabling creative swerves in engagement between narrative action, character traits and story themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 9/11 terrorist attacks manifested change in the world around us and caused many people to reevaluate their work and lives. Nearly two decades later, with the benefit of hindsight, we can see the effects of changing political power on the American Dream—and, in turn, on the perceived purpose of business organizations and individuals' experience of the meaning of work. To study these phenomena through a diversity of perspectives, we examine four post-9/11 stories in which business is a central force: Art Spiegelman's 2004 graphic comix storyboard, In the Shadow of No Towers; Mohsin Hamid's 2007 novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist; Irene Sankoff and David Hein's 2015 musical, Come from Away; and Laila Lalami's 2019 novel, The Other Americans. These stories encourage us to reflect on the causes and consequences of 9/11 and to consider how systems of political power, economic organizations, and work have changed and should change. They also challenge management scholars to think about what this means for our own scholarship, teaching, and practice—in particular, who capitalism is for, what business is for, and why we work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Richard Shusterman's Philosophy and the Art of Writing suggests something vital about the tension between philosophical discourses that cannot capture or be the full meaning of living a life in relation to wisdom, and lived philosophies that cannot do away with discourses to deepen a lived experience beyond them: that philosophy as "an embodied way of life" is a sub‐creation that emerges from the tension between them. This paper uses several different moments and ideas from Philosophy and the Art of Writing as points of departure for further inquiry. Some "memories," repurposed, reorganized, and manipulated, take up these starting points to further the investigation. The present work was a spiritual exercise for the author and, one hopes, will be for the reader in what it means to practice philosophy as a way of life. By doing so, we may find more forgiveness and appreciation for our philosophical vocation that creates something more than what we say or are now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This response to Richard Shusterman's Philosophy and the Art of Writing focuses on his concern that philosophy is, first and foremost, a way of life, illustrated in the West by the Socratic ideal of the philosopher and in the East by the example of the scholar‐artist‐gentleman. This paper examines the process of Buddhist meditation and the process of creating novels, supplementing the authors Shusterman carefully examines with examples from Black American literature, the author's own teacher John Gardner, and artistic colleagues the author has known. The basic thrust of the response is that the skillful means used in writing can indeed be a form of self‐creation, but it can also be a means of liberation from the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educaniora: Journal of Education & Humanities is the property of Educaniora: Journal of Education & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the rapid growth of research on organizational sensemaking and an acknowledgment of the critical role of language in the sensemaking process, the literature on sensemaking and language is fragmented. In particular, there is no systematic review that explains the roles and functions of different linguistic elements in meaning construction. The purpose of this review paper is to develop an integrative theoretical framework that organizes existing research in a way that allows us to better understand how different linguistic processes shape the construction of meaning in sensemaking. First, we explain how a cognitive linguistic perspective elucidates how language provides the cognitive associations, schema, and frames used in sensemaking. Second, we discuss how a focus on the social practices of language use, as in rhetorical, narrative, or interactionist approaches, illuminates the patterns of meaning-making among organizational members in social interaction. Third, we explain how a focus on discourse helps us to understand how discursive structures enable or constrain sensemaking and thereby reproduce or transform systems of thought. This leads us to turn to the differences in these perspectives and suggest how they can be brought together in an integrative theoretical framework. Finally, we discuss the contributions of our framework and propose an agenda for future research focusing on the multifaceted role of language in sensemaking, intertextual and multimodal links in the language of sensemaking, the agentic and structural role of language in sensemaking, episodic and latent aspects of language use in sensemaking, and the role of power in discursive sensemaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surprise challenges philosophy. Transcendental thinking, what some consider to be the core of philosophy. Surprise indeed emblematizes the empirical, i.e. the resistance to philosophy, its dissociation. Philosophy has a problem with surprise. Unless it requires another philosophy than meaning or reason. A philosophy able to enter into an alliance of a new kind between transcendantal and empirical, beyond dissociation, beyond resistance. In this contribution, I would like to show how the phenomenon of surprise allows the birth of a new relation to transcendantal, either of disjonction, nor of conjonction. Even if it means radically changing it. And how surprise may then receive a new philosophical credit. It will become the corner stone of a phenomenology of a new kind: an empirical phenomenology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of the entropic orderliness of road safety systems of various dimensionalities. The author's methodology for quantitative assessment of the quality of the road safety systems is based on the use of information entropy analysis, the essence of which is to assess the significance (or "weights") of various information-technological stages of the road traffic accident rate formation process. The main emphasis in this paper is on the philosophical interpretation of the results of entropic evaluation of the orderliness of urban road safety systems. The article aimed to philosophically understand the reasons for the diversity in the results of assessing the entropy of road safety (RS) in Russian cities. Within the framework of this goal, the results of the analysis of the state of the issue, ideological approaches and methods for assessing the relative entropy of urban road safety systems were presented. The study was based on analyzing statistics that characterize the processes of the formation of road traffic accidents in Russian cities classified into three groups based on population size. The experimental results obtained were explained from the point of view of human psychology. Rather, results were explained from the perspective of human psychology. The final results of the study once again illustrated the objectivity of Hegel's dialectical laws and, perhaps, once again shattered illusions about the possibility of achieving high levels of road safety in cities by building rigid systems to regulate the actions of traffic participants. In the author's opinion, the results of the presented philosophical analysis will be useful to managers specializing in the management of complex systems (not only transport but also other fields) to comprehend the contradictions of the complex nature of humans and the paradoxes of their behavior when their freedom of action is restricted through external control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most obscure and most frequently commented on texts in Arabic grammatical tradition is the opening formulation in its earliest extant book, Sībawayhi's al-Kitāb, concerning the tripartite division of parts of speech. For the third part of speech, the particle, around which the present article revolves, Sībawayhi uses a complex term, whose head is ḥarf, a term which is commonly used by itself by later grammarians for this part of speech. This article revisits the question of whether the term ḥarf by itself denotes "particle" in al-Kitāb, alongside the denotation "word". Following Weiss' article, published more than a hundred years ago, it will be argued that ḥarf does not denote "particle" in al-Kitāb, though occurrences thereof may refer to particles, and that scholars who ascribe the later denotation "particle" to ḥarf in al-Kitāb do so due to an anachronistic bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]