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5 results on '"MEDITERRANEAN OLD FIELDS"'

1. Soil and vegetation dynamics in a chronosequence of abandoned vineyards

Author

Valverde-Asenjo, Inmaculada, Diéguez-Antón, Ana, Martín-Sanz, Juan Pedro, Molina Abril, José Antonio, Valverde-Asenjo, Inmaculada, Diéguez-Antón, Ana, Martín-Sanz, Juan Pedro, and Molina Abril, José Antonio

Abstract

Euro-Mediterranean countries have undergone radical changes in their traditional landscapes due to the abandonment of rural areas. Natural vegetation rapidly colonizes abandoned lands and cause changes in ecosystem functioning. Our main objective was to study how time since abandonment of vineyards influences the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and the vegetation composition and cover. In 2016, we selected a chronosequence of six abandoned vineyards (1, 3, 7, 11, 25 and 40 years), an active vineyard, and a plot of land that has not been used as a vineyard for at least the last 60 years. Soil physical-chemical variables, including the organic matter fractions and available nutrients, were analysed. To observe the variation in the biochemical properties of the soils, the activities of 11 enzymes were determined, relating to the main macronutrient cycles: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and sulphur (S) cycling. Three sites (1 m2 ) were randomly established on each plot within the area occupied by annual grasslands, and species cover was estimated in order to obtain the species density and cover of plant functional traits. Our results showed that the abandonment caused major changes in the functioning of the ecosystems. Secondary succession in abandoned vineyards was characterized by a significant increase in plant species density and by changes in the composition of the annual grasslands, from an early brassicaceous community to a late cistaceous community. This was accompanied by an increase in soil TOC (0.38–1.78%) and TN (0.14 to 0.26 %) content, and the activity of most enzymes. These changes occurred more rapidly during the first two decades after abadonment., Comunidad de Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Depto. de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Published
2020

2. Consistency of species ranking based on functional leaf traits.

Author

Garnier, E., Laurent, G., Bellmann, A., Debain, S., Berthelier, P., Ducout, B., Roumet, C., and Navas, M.‐L.

Abstract

Summary: • Specific leaf area (leaf area to dry mass ratio), leaf dry matter content (leaf dry mass to saturated fresh mass ratio) and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) have been proposed as indicators of plant resource use in data bases of plant functional traits.• We tested whether species ranking based on these traits was repeatable by studying spatio‐temporal variations in specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of water‐saturated leaves (SLASAT and LDMCSAT), as well as in LNC, for 57 herbaceous and woody species (or subsets thereof) growing under the Mediterranean climate of southern France.• Interseason and intersite variations were more pronounced than interannual variations, but species ranking for a given trait remained mostly consistent in space and time. Classifications based on LDMCSAT were generally more repeatable across years and sites, whereas those based on SLASAT were more stable over seasons. LNC usually gave the least repeatable classifications.• Species rankings were not completely similar for the three traits. Discussion of reproducibility, ease of trait measurement, as well as trait–function relationships led us to propose that measurements of the leaf traits, SLASAT and/or LDMCSAT, were the most suitable in large screening programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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3. Local adaptation and non-genetic maternal effects among three populations ofCrepis sancta(Asteraceae)

Author

Jacques Lepart, José Escarré, Eric Imbert, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, Secondary succession, Mediterranean old fields, Ecology, biology, colonisation, Maternal effect, [SDE.BE.BP]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.bp, secondary succession, environmental heterogeneity, 15. Life on land, Asteraceae, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Colonisation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Crepis sancta, seed size, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Local adaptation
Abstract

International audience; To test whether local adaptation occurs in the Mediterranean species Crepis sancta (Asteraceae), we performed reciprocal transplants among three populations inhabiting recently abandoned old fields. initial seedling size before transplantation varied significantly among populations. Since these variations, which result in part from maternal environment effects, could lead to variation in plant performance, it was necessary to test for the consequences of non-genetic maternal effects on plant performance. One main feature of Crepis sancta is the morphological variation between peripheral and central achenes within each seed head. In particular, there are differences between morphs in seedling size, which are genetically independent. Therefore, the seed morph factor was used to control for maternal effects, in addition to initial seedling size. In two sites, the pattern of seedling mortality was consistent with the local adaptation hypothesis. Non-genetic maternal effects significantly influenced most adult traits, but data suggest that local adaptation was significant for at least one population. This study showed that local adaptation does exist in the colonising annual species Crepis sancta, but the phenomena is clearly not as strong as the advantage described for several perennial species occurring in stable environments.

Published
1999
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4. Effect of cattle activities on gap colonisation in mountain pastures

Author

Florian Kohler, François Gillet, Jean-Michel Gobat, Alexandre Buttler, Laboratoire Sol & Végétation, Université de Neuchâtel, WSL Lausanne, WSL, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques ( ECOS ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques (ECOS), and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Subjects
[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, environmental filters, plant functional traits, spatial monitoring, Swiss Jura Mountains, CALCAREOUS GRASSLAND, SOIL DISTURBANCE, TREE DIVERSITY, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, SEED BANK, SPECIES DIVERSITY, GRASSLAND COMMUNITY, VEGETATION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MEDITERRANEAN OLD FIELDS, principal response curves, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biodiversity
Abstract

Cattle influences gap dynamics in pastures in two ways: (1) by creating gaps and (2) by affecting the colonization process. This effect of cattle activity on gap revegetation can be subdivided in three main factors: herbage removal, trampling and dung and urine deposition. The objective of this study was to assess how these three effects moderate the plant succession following gap creation. In an exclosure, four controlled treatments simulating cattle activity (repeated mowing, trampling, manuring and untreated control) were applied on plots of 2 X 2 in. In the centre of each plot, one artificial gap of 60 X 60 cm was created. During three years, vegetation changes were monitored in spring and in autumn, with 2 a square grid of 100 cells of 0.01 m(2) centred on the gap. Our experiment confirmed that fine-scale gap creation may have a high impact on relative abundances of species in the community. The gap environment acts on species as a filter and this filtering was described in terms of regenerative attributes. Colonizers were species with small seeds, unspecialized seed dispersal, persistent seed bank and high vegetation spread. However, the role of dung deposition, herbage removal or trampling by cattle did not seem to be of primary importance in the revegetation process, but could moderate vegetation response. Therefore, the different cattle effects act as secondary filters that selectively favoured or disadvantaged different species from the gap-regenerating community. These complex interactions are probably keys to understand plant coexistence in perennial grasslands.

Published
2006

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