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E-LAUTE (Electronic Linked Annotated Unified Tablature Edition) is a research project establishing an open-access, comprehensive, interactive edition of music in lute tablature from the German-speaking area 1450–1550. Though formerly well-known and widely performed, these pieces have become inaccessible to scholars, musicians, and the general public due to their unwieldy, complex notation, and because sources are scattered throughout Central Europe. E-LAUTE is sustainably digitising this important part of European cultural heritage as machine-readable music encodings, unlocked for a contemporary audience through transliteration into currently understood (Italian and French) lute tablature, and transcription into common Western music notation. We introduce the aims and structure of our project and its five interdisciplinary pilot studies; survey current research, drawing on musicology and music informatics; detail the encoding formats and workflows we are applying to establish our edition as a collaborative, digital space for inter- and trans-disciplinary as well as discipline-specific work, supporting interaction and contribution by project members and project-external recipients; sketch the underlying data infrastructure, adopting and extending the Austrian National Library's digital editions platform; and conclude with an outlook over the project's anticipated nine-year span from its current early vantage point, outlining limitations, open questions, and implications for the future of digital editions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of various light scattering phenomena in aesthetics and clinical practice is explored in this review. Four main types of light scattering, Tyndall, Rayleigh, Mie, and Raman, are discussed. Each type is explained in terms of its physical principles and its applications in aesthetic medicine. Tyndall scattering is relevant in understanding the blue appearance of certain dermal fillers. Rayleigh scattering contributes to skin tone perception and plays a role in certain laser treatments. Mie scattering is important in laser hair removal and the appearance of skin conditions like melasma. Raman scattering, while primarily used in research, shows promise for non‐invasive skin analysis, personalized skincare, treatment monitoring, and early skin cancer detection. It is important to understand these scattering phenomena for optimizing light‐based aesthetic procedures and developing effective treatments. Properly applying the appropriate scattering theory based on relative particle size is crucial in clinical aesthetic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A strong El Niño condition is likely to bring heavy precipitation over California. However, the 2015/2016 El‐Niño generally considered similar and comparable to another extreme event—the 1997/1998 El Niño—failed to bring above‐average precipitation over California. The muted influence of the 2015–2016 El‐Niño on California rainfall has renewed interest in the relationship between El Niño and California precipitation variability. This study assesses seasonal and regional aspects of the precipitation regimes in California for the past two decades using primarily satellite‐based precipitation products. Two satellite‐based precipitation datasets—Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR)—along with the ground‐based measurement—Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset as a reference—are analysed to understand the seasonal and regional influence of El‐Niño on precipitation regimes during the 2001–2019 period using Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI). The results show that El Niño's impact on precipitation rate varies in different seasons and regions. Specifically, we observe a statistically significant strong negative correlation (−0.72 to −0.66) between MEI and precipitation rate over southern California during the El Niño months. Both satellite precipitation products and ground‐based precipitation measurements indicate a similar El Niño–precipitation relationship over California during the study period. These results contradict the pre 2000 'classic' story that El Niño was positively correlated with higher California precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mei (Prunus mume) is an excellent garden tree highly praised in China, possessing both ornamental and cultural values. Breeding Mei with distinctive characteristics and high resistance has become a long-term goal to meet the visual and spiritual demands in the new era. With the rapid development of biotechnology, researchers have successively completed the whole genome sequence and resequencing of Mei, and continue to employ advanced techniques to investigate the formation mechanisms of important ornamental traits and stress resistance traits in Mei. Thus, the groundwork has been established for achieving the breeding objectives. In this article, we provide an overview of the development and expansion of genome projects over the past decade, including whole-genome sequencing, resequencing, and genetic mapping. We further present a concise summary of the research progress made in understanding major ornamental traits and cold resistance traits. These accomplishments hold great promise for significantly enhancing the efficiency of Mei and further realizing breeding goals.

Objetivo: Nosso trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as contribuições que um percurso metodológico de pesquisa qualitativa pode oferecer a estudos que se proponham à investigação dos Microempreendedores Individuais (MEIs). Metodologia: Tendo como base a pesquisa exploratória das temáticas conceituais e do enquadramento jurídico do MEI, adotamos uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa básica, utilizando três técnicas de coleta de dados: pesquisa documental, observação e entrevistas narrativas. Principais resultados: Exibimos um percurso metodológico experienciado e construído a partir do contexto de pesquisa e das características dos participantes, apontando as contribuições que a abordagem metodológica e as técnicas de pesquisa podem oferecer aos estudos que envolvam o MEI, bem como seus benefícios para o campo empírico e à literatura que trata o tema. Contribuições acadêmicas: Do ponto de vista teórico, colocamos em discussão visualizações dominantes e representações homogêneas, desafiando mainstreams estabelecidos no campo do empreendedorismo e do MEI. Além de sustentar pesquisas de campo, o estudo contribui ao fortalecer uma posição metodológica que propicia ampliar as atuais representações sobre o microempreendedorismo, auxiliando uma construção científica próxima do trabalhador, ciente de suas particularidades, imersa em suas práticas e inserida em seu contexto de atuação. Contribuições práticas: Acrescentando contrastes e ampliando olhares sobre os MEIs, a metodologia explorada possibilita construir efeitos significativos performativos, ou seja, alcançando o nível de implicações sociais. Na medida em que permite aprofundar conhecimentos de determinadas realidades e das especificidades de grupos ou contextos dos MEIs, possibilita aos agentes públicos avançarem para além das ações horizontais e homogêneas direcionadas aos mesmos.

Purpose: Our work aims to present the contributions that a qualitative research methodological path can offer to studies that investigate Individual Microentrepreneurs (MEIs). Methodology: Based on exploratory research into the conceptual themes and legal framework of the MEI, we adopted a basic qualitative methodological approach, using three data collection techniques: documentary research, observation and narrative interviews. Main results: We present a methodological path experienced and constructed based on the research context and the characteristics of the participants, pointing out the contributions that the methodological approach and research techniques can offer to studies involving MEI, as well as their benefits for the field empirical and literature that deals with the topic. Academic contributions: From a theoretical point of view, we discuss dominant views and homogeneous representations, challenging established mainstreams in the field of entrepreneurship and MEI. In addition to supporting field research, the study contributes by strengthening a methodological position that allows expanding current representations about microentrepreneurship, helping a scientific construction close to the worker, aware of their particularities, immersed in their practices and inserted in their context of activity. Practical contributions: Adding contrasts and expanding perspectives on MEIs, the methodology explored makes it possible to build significant performative effects, that is, reaching the level of social implications. As it allows deepening knowledge of certain realities and the specificities of groups or contexts of MEIs, it allows public agents to move beyond horizontal and homogeneous actions aimed at them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a syntactic-semantic perspective, based on the number feature of subjects and predicates, we propose that: 1. Dou, it is radically a maximal operator, while it is also a dependent distributor (or called "partial distributive operator"), which has to occur with plural individuality including mei; 2. Compared to dou, mei is a near-independent distributive operator, in that with a quantity predicate, it can be an independent distributive operator, whereas with a property one, it requires other linguistic elements like dou to create together the distributive effect; 3. The distributive effect can be achieved in diverse ways: by the sole entry mei, by "mei plus dou", and by the combination of dou with its scoped nominals that possess "plural individuality"; 4. From the various ways of yielding distributive effect, a generalized rule is obtained: the plural feature and the individual feature, they contribute together to yield distributive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

本研究旨在探討日治時期國民學校臺籍音樂教師—林妹之課程意識建構及教學實踐圖像。本研究採口述歷史方法，以訪談林妹老師的口述內容為分析文本，並輔以相關研究作為研究工具。該案例經歸納分析後得到兩個發現：一、課程意識上：其課程意識帶有反省、監控、批判與實踐的成分，例如：她透過對課程教材的察覺與質疑，催生臺灣囝仔的意識覺醒，對課程內容進行反省與批判，並透過對話反饋。上述作為亦蘊含對自我的省思調整。二、教學實踐上：其透過歌詞澄清進行轉化，將內在的實務知識轉化為與外界互動的心智思考，以及對教學行動價值的深層省思。由此可知，林妹老師的課程意識與教學實踐之圖像均以解放學生智識，使其獨立思考探究為依歸，強調智識運作及邏輯思考的自由。 This was a research of Miss Lin’s, a music teacher taught in public elementary school during Japanese colonial period, construction of curricular consciousness and pedagogical praxis. The research method was oral history. By interviewing Miss Lin, the researcher analyzed texts, and with inductive method, there were two findings. Firstly, Miss Lin’s construction of curricular consciousness carried some characteristics included reflection, monitoring, criticism and practice. For instance, through questioned teaching materials, she awakened Taiwanese children’s curricular consciousness. The teacher and students reflected through dialogues. During the process of interactive dialogues, Miss Lin also reflected her inner self. Secondly, Miss Lin transformed some concepts by clarifying song lyrics. She not only converted inner knowledge into a more interactive teaching practice, but also had a deeper reflection about the value of teaching. To sum up, Miss Lin’s image of curricular consciousness and pedagogical praxis was to set the student’s mind free, to enable them to think independently and take further actions of inquiry in order to enhance their freedom of knowledge and logical thinking.

Platy-1 retroposons are short interspersed elements (SINEs) unique to platyrrhine primates. Discovered in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) genome in 2016, these 100 bp mobile element insertions (MEIs) appeared to be novel drivers of platyrrhine evolution, with over 2200 full-length members across 62 different subfamilies, and strong evidence of ongoing proliferation in C. jacchus. Subsequent characterization of Platy-1 elements in Aotus, Saimiri and Cebus genera, suggested that the widespread mobilization detected in marmoset (family Callithrichidae) was perhaps an anomaly. Two additional Callithrichidae genomes are now available, a scaffold level genome assembly for Saguinus imperator (tamarin; SagImp_v1) and a chromosome-level assembly for Saguinus midas (Midas tamarin; ASM2_v1). Here, we report that each tamarin genome contains over 11,000 full-length Platy-1 insertions, about 1150 are shared by both Saguinus tamarins, 7511 are unique to S. imperator, and another 8187 are unique to S. midas. Roughly 325 are shared among the three callithrichids. We identified six new Platy-1 subfamilies derived from Platy-1-8, with the youngest new subfamily, Platy-1-8c_Saguinus, being the primary source of the Saguinus amplification burst. This constitutes the largest expansion of Platy-1 MEIs reported to date and the most extensive independent SINE amplification between two closely related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cold regions of China (CRC) are important and vulnerable freshwater recharge areas on land, and any changes in them are related to the survival of millions of people in East Asia. However, for nearly half a century, in cold regions, the extreme temperature response to global warming is still poorly understood. In this study, we systematically studied the temperature extreme changes in cold regions of China since 1961 and discussed the possible circulation factors in detail. The results showed that 1) the warming magnitudes in cold nights and warm nights are greater than those in cold days and warm days, and decreases in cold nights and cold days and increases in warm days and warm nights appeared in almost all of cold regions of China. Most of the temperature indices displayed the largest magnitudes of warming in winter. 2) Spatially, for most of the temperature extremes, the stations located at Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (TPC) and Northwest China (NWC) showed a larger warming trend than that shown by the station at Northeast China (NEC). 3) The responses of temperature extremes at different cold regions to each circulation index are variable. Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) has a significant relationship with almost all the indices in cold regions of China. Almost all the temperature extremes of TPC and NWC showed closely relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), especially for diurnal temperature range (DTR), daily maximum temperature, and the cold extremes. Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) is significantly related to most the temperature indices of Northwest China and Northeast China. However, MEI has a significant impact on only TPC’s diurnal temperature range and warmest night (TNx). 4) Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation displayed significant relationships with most the temperature extremes in every season in cold regions of China. However, the summer and winter MEI and the summer and winter North Atlantic Oscillation showed significant impacts on only diurnal temperature range, daily minimum temperatures (TNm), and TNx.

Copyright of Journal of Curriculum Studies / Kecheng Yanjiu is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global and local climate parameters influence the distribution of precipitation over continents. The spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall and the depth of rainfall over a river basin influence the river basin yield. This study deals with the prediction of the river basin scale yield of the 'Upper Bhima River basin' from the Maharashtra State of India. The information on large-scale circulation patterns El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO) index, Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), and local meteorological input viz. Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) has been used to predict the river basin scale yield. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool – Genetic Programming (GP) – is used for developing prediction models. Ten different combinations of input variables are attempted for the development of monthly river basin yield models to arrive at the best input variable combination for the best predictions with varying lead times. Also, three combinations of input variables were tested for the prediction of 'Seasonal Yield'. The findings of this research work indicate that GP-derived monthly River Basin Scale Yield forecasting models are successful in the prediction of yield with a correlation coefficient of 0.83. The seasonal yields could be predicted with a correlation coefficient of 0.75. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gulcamptus huronensis Reid, 1996 is a seldom-reported harpacticoid copepod known only from two female specimens, one collected from Lake Huron, Michigan, USA, the other from Nunatak Creek, Alaska, USA. Herein, we report a new distributional record for G. huronensis from the meiobenthos of Lake Superior, Michigan and Wisconsin, USA. A total of 12 specimens were collected from four localities across Lake Superior in August, 2018. Additionally, we provide information on the habitats where specimens of G. huronensis were recovered and morphological notes on the previously undescribed male of the species.

The process of elaborating Printed Educational Materials (PEM) in Health requires the adequate definition of methods and instruments from which the PEM are to be developed. Certain contents of PEM can provide users with a better understanding of their health and illness condition, which is why the efficient support of the principles of Information Design can be favorable in this context. This study aimed to identify a framework of reference for the development of Health PEM analyzed under the light of Information Design. The methods applied in this study consisted of an integrative review carried out through a search on the “Portal de Periódicos da CAPES”, followed by the elaboration of synoptics tables identifying two categories: 1) guidelines for elaboration of PEM by Health Professionals, and 2) scenario of elaboration of PEM by health professionals in Brazil. The results show the need to anchor the process of preparing PEM in the principles of Information Design and provide groundwork for the construction of more efficient strategies and knowledge indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Climatología is the property of Revista de Climatologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between growth intentions and entrepreneurial alertness of individual microentrepreneurs (abbreviated as MEIs). The specific objectives are to test the multidimensionality of the construct entrepreneurial alertness and to verify whether there is a relationship between growth intentions and all other dimensions of alertness. The research method employed was a survey, which was carried out with 134 MEIs, and hypothesis testing on the multidimensionality of the construct alertness, which had empirical support, and on the relationship between growth intentions and entrepreneurial alertness, which was only partially supported by the empirical analysis. This research presents an original contribution to studies on the growth of microenterprises, a growing entrepreneurial category in Brazil. In addition, the present study presents a theoretical contribution to studies on the growth of small-sized businesses, as well as on entrepreneurial opportunities, emphasizing the existing relationship between growth intention and one dimension of entrepreneurial alertness.

The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between growth intentions and entrepreneurial alertness of individual microentrepreneurs (abbreviated as MEIs). The specific objectives are to test the multidimensionality of the construct entrepreneurial alertness and to verify whether there is a relationship between growth intentions and all other dimensions of alertness. The research method employed was a survey, which was carried out with 134 MEIs, and hypothesis testing on the multidimensionality of the construct alertness, which had empirical support, and on the relationship between growth intentions and entrepreneurial alertness, which was only partially supported by the empirical analysis. This research presents an original contribution to studies on the growth of microenterprises, a growing entrepreneurial category in Brazil. In addition, the present study presents a theoretical contribution to studies on the growth of small-sized businesses, as well as on entrepreneurial opportunities, emphasizing the existing relationship between growth intention and one dimension of entrepreneurial alertness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the activity of the bibliophile William Lawrence Clements, an American industrial businessman and one of the greatest collectors of the 20th century. During the golden age of American book collecting, William Clements managed to set up an outstanding book collection specialized in Americana, never seen before in the Midwest of the United States. Through the study of the William L. Clements Library’s incunabula collection, it is possible to reconstruct the history of the individual copies and the cultural environment in which William Clements worked. Sold through auctions and individual merchants, these incunabula belonged to prestigious collections and still retain fundamental provenances that allow the reconstruction of their journey. The study of the itinerary of the incunabula throughout the centuries, from Europe to America, is reconstructed by analyzing elements such as ex libris, inscriptions, bindings, stamps, reading marks, and manuscript notes.

Under variable climatic conditions, the conventional Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) are inadequate for predicting extreme drought characteristics. Non-stationary Standardized Precipitation Index (NSPI) and Non-stationary Reconnaissance Drought Index (NRDI) are, therefore, developed by fitting non-stationary distributions. The Generalized Additive Model in Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) framework, with time varying location parameters considering the external covariates, is used to fit the non-stationary distributions. Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are considered as external covariates for the non-stationary drought assessment. The performances of stationary and non-stationary models are compared. The study also concentrated on the trivariate and the Pairwise Copula Construction (PCC) models to estimate the drought return periods. The comparison of two copula models revealed that the PCC model performed better than the trivariate Student's t copula model. The recurrence intervals arrived at for the drought events are different for trivariate copula model and PCC model. This study showed that non-stationary drought indices will be helpful in the accurate estimate of the drought characteristics under the changing climatic scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pretexto is the property of Revista Pretexto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as características essenciais do microempreendedor individual de Boa Vista – RR. A pesquisa possui linha qualitativa exploratória. A seleção de entrevistados baseou-se por conveniência. Entrevistou-se doze profissionais, divididos em três categorias: analistas do SEBRAE, MEIs e contadores. O levantamento de dados deu-se por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisado pelo conteúdo das respostas. Os resultados permitiram destacar que as características planejamento, detecção de oportunidade, sociabilidade, inovação, assunção de riscos calculados, persistência, além de determinação, audácia e busca por informações são essenciais ao Microempreendedor Individual boa-vistense. Recomenda-se que em pesquisa futura, a mesma seja reaplicada em outros munícipios de Roraima criando, assim, um panorama estadual do MEI. Ou ainda, sugere-se que a mesma seja desenvolvida utilizando o método quantitativo, com objetivo de verificar se a estrutura de análise proposta se aplica aos MEIs de Boa Vista-RR de forma mais ampla.

Para promover e incentivar a criação e a formalidade de empreendedores foi criado pela Lei Complementar nº128/2008 a figura do Microempreendedor Individual (MEI), tendo por objetivo trazer para a formalidade os inúmeros empreendedores informais existentes. Esse trabalho buscou identificar os fatores associados para a geração dessas empresas MEIs. Para isso, utilizou-se dados em painel tendo como variável dependente o número de MEIs criadas e como possíveis determinantes, algumas variáveis socioeconômicas referentes aos 26 estados brasileiros mais o Distrito Federal, durante os anos de 2012 a 2016. Os resultados apontam que um aumento na taxa de desemprego, queda na média salarial, acréscimo no orçamento do SEBRAE mostraram que existe um aumento considerável na média de criação dos MEIs. Contudo esses resultados não se mantiveram robustos ao realizarem-se as estimativas de efeito fixo.

Summary: This study evaluated the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on the physicochemical composition, level of aromatic compounds and antioxidant properties of mei liqueur, as well as the microstructure of mei fruits during a 180‐day ageing process. The titratable acidity, pH, and browning index of mei liqueur and HHP‐treated mei liqueur did not exhibit significant differences. The HHP‐treated mei liqueur displayed significantly higher ∆E, sugar and alcohol concentration during the 180‐day maceration period (P ≤ 0.05). Electron microscopy revealed that HHP treatment damaged the cellular structure of mei fruits, promoting the penetration of rice wine into the fruits as well as the dissolution of aromatic and antioxidant components into rice wine, leading to the completion of the maturation of the mei liqueur. Thus, HHP technology could be used to accelerate mei liqueur maturation, shorten the time required for its ageing, exhibiting tremendous potential for applications in the liqueur industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neste artigo, realizo uma análise de discursos midiáticos e institucionais sobre o microempreendedor individual (MEI) com o objetivo de pensar no conceito de cidadania empresarial, constantemente usado na promoção desta figura. Recorrendo a um referencial teórico proveniente sobretudo das ciências sociais e dos estudos culturais, reflito sobre as transformações do conceito de cidadania em um cenário neoliberal. Distanciando-se de uma concepção tradicional, segundo a qual a cidadania é pensada em termos coletivos e inclusivos, sugiro que a noção de cidadania empresarial se fundamenta sobre valores individualistas, recorrendo à noção de mérito para justificar seu restrito acesso.

From a semantic and cultural perspective, one could ask a number of questions regarding the English word 'beauty' and the adjectival form 'beautiful' when they are used to refer to visual aspects of people. Given that scholars and professionals in the beauty industry frequently use the words to describe people from various cultures, should we assume that each of them embodies a semantic and cultural universal? Given that plastic surgeons and beauticians improve the physical appearance of people, especially women, why do they not use the word 'pretty' to promote their services instead? After all, the phrase 'pretty woman' is also the title of a popular song first recorded by Roy Orbison in 1964 and later the name of a hugely successful 1990 movie. Why are beauty salons so called? Why are they not called prettiness salons instead? This paper attempts to address such questions by studying the meanings of two Mandarin Chinese words: mĕi/měilì (roughly, 'beautiful') and piàoliàng (roughly, 'pretty'). The words are polysemous and this paper focuses on the meanings that are relevant to the purposes of describing women. It tries to explain the conceptual difference between a woman who is mĕi/měilì and one who is piàoliàng. Hopefully, the findings will shed light on some of the semantic distinctions that are important to Mandarin Chinese speakers and thus the questions raised above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diálogo com a Economia Criativa is the property of Dialogo com a Economia Criativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microclimatic factors in selected vegetation structures have been monitored in a compact historical built-up layout in the Nitra municipality. We have observed relationship between microclimatic factors (air temperature, relative air humidity and surface temperature) and microclimatic environment indices (MEI). MEI were created for selected trees with varied structure on the basis of synthesis of input data (layout samples of canopy layer and urban geometry). They point out the impact of trees and environment on microclimate in an urban environment during hot days. Surface temperature is a significant factor. The model shows that the surface temperature in various structures of trees and varied urban geometry could be identified through MEI. From the microclimatic point of view, the tree cover in the narrow street with 8 MEI has the greatest cooling effect. MEI from 8 to 13 proved the cooling effect with regard to the general diameter of the area. The higher the number of MEI, the lower is the cooling effect of the trees.

Cell concentrations of the potentially harmful raphidophyte Chattonella subsalsa Biecheler were quantified in surface waters of Guanabara Bay, a heavily eutrophicated estuarine system in tropical Brazil, from February 2014 to January 2018. Cells were imaged and quantified in live samples by means of an automated imaging system (FlowCam®). Bloom episodes (>0.1 × 106 cells L−1) were observed in 37 samples, mostly in a shallow (

Oceanic mesoscale events such as eddies, coastal upwelling, filaments and fronts created by water mass intrusion present properties allowing them to concentrate, transport and disperse salt, nutrients and plankton, among other important constituents in the ocean. The use of satellite images enables the continuous monitoring of the ocean dynamics at different temporal and spatial scales, aiding the study of its variability. This study focuses on the identification of these mesoscale events in the Gulf of California (GC) by means of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fronts (edge) detection by processing 5-day satellite images from the 1998–2019 period. The annual occurrence or frequency and duration of each event was identified; the interannual variability was evaluated and underlying correlations with the Multivariate El Niño Index (MEI) and the Pacific Decadal Index (PDOI) were assessed via Principal Component Analysis. Most events showed a seasonal variability due to the seasonal behavior of forcing agents (i.e., Pacific Ocean and winds) that stimulate their formation or presence in the GC; seasonality was more evident in the northern region than in the southern region. The interannual variability of their frequency or duration was associated with strong and intense El Niño and La Niña conditions (positive or negative MEI values) together with positive or negative phases of the PDOI. The use of SST and Chl a satellite images with a 5-day temporal resolution allowed to better identify and quantify the annual frequency and duration of each mesoscale event. It allowed to detect a seasonal behavior of these events in the northern region, followed by the central region. The southern region, due to the interaction of different water masses with unique characteristics, exhibited a less evident seasonality in the frequency of eddies, and no apparent association between their interannual frequency and duration with the MEI and PDOI. Constantly monitoring these oceanic events and their variability will help in the understanding of how the different regions of this large marine ecosystem respond to these variations in the long term.

Recent research on the marketing-entrepreneurship interface has highlighted the importance of understanding the relationships between various actors that enable entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs often depend on VCs not just for funding, but also for their expertise in environmental scanning, innovation, and strategic direction. This study takes the perspective of entrepreneurs as consumers of the value offered by VC firms and uses a broad survey of entrepreneurs to understand the factors that could affect long term relationships between these actors. The results show that entrepreneurs select VCs primarily on their perceptions of the fairness of the contract, reputation, and startup valuation. We also find evidence that entrepreneurs are uniformly disappointed in their experiences with VCs when comparing their pre- and post-financing views. Our findings contain important implications for a creating a balanced macromarketing view of the VC-entrepreneur relationship and holds practical implications for venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall erosivity is an important indicator that can be used to measure the ability of rain to cause erosion and is connected with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through the transmission of rainfall. This work aimed to explore the characteristics of rainfall erosivity in Guizhou Province and determine its correlation with ENSO. Rainfall erosivity was calculated from daily rainfall data from January 1960 to December 2017. The analyses were conducted using a daily rainfall erosivity model, inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, linear regression analysis, Mann-Kendall test and correlation analysis. The long-term (1960–2017) average rainfall erosivity was 5825.60 MJ·mm·ha−1·h−1 in the study area and showed a high temporal variability with the estimates from the linear trend line ranging from −449.5 MJ·mm·ha−1·h−1/10a to 496.8 MJ·mm·ha−1·h−1/10a. According to rainfall and erosive rainfall, an uneven spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity was observed with an increasing trend from south to north. Temporal distribution of monthly rainfall erosivity was consistent with that of seasonal rainfall erosivity, and concentrated in the summer months (June to August). As the representation indices of ENSO phenomena, the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) were selected for correlation analysis with rainfall erosivity. During El Niño events, the ONI, SOI and MEI showed significant correlations (>95% confidence level) with rainfall erosivity, while during La Niña events, only the ONI and MEI were significantly correlated with rainfall erosivity, but no significant correlation was detected during the neutral period or for the entire study period. The degree of rainfall erosion is proportional to the ENSO duration; the longer the ENSO duration, the greater the rainfall erosivity. These findings could help predict soil erosion and be used to develop further adaptation measures to prevent water and soil loss. Unlabelled Image • Rainfall erosivity changed over a high spatiotemporal variability over the entire period. • The decreasing trend of rainfall erosivity was more significant than the increasing trend. • The relationship between rainfall erosivity and ONI, SOI, and MEI was clear during El Niño and La Niña time periods. • The degree of rainfall erosivity is proportional to the duration of ENSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote and encourage the creation and formality of entrepreneurs, the Individual Microentrepreneur (MEI) was created by Complementary Law no. 128/2008, with the aim of bringing to formality the innumerable informal entrepreneurs. This work sought to identify the associated factors for the generation of these MEIs companies. For that, panel data were used as dependent variable the number of MEIs created and as possible determinants, some socioeconomic variables referring to the 26 Brazilian states plus the Federal District, during the years 2012 to 2016. The results indicate that an increase in the unemployment rate, fall in average wage, increase in the SEBRAE budget showed that there is a considerable increase in the average creation of MEIs. However, these results did not remain robust when carrying out fixed-effect estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La producción agropecuaria en la región semiárida pampeana central (RSPC) se ve fuertemente limitada por la disponibilidad de agua, la cual está asociada a la ocurrencia del fenómeno de El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENSO). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la evolución del agua almacenada en el suelo (AAS) en distintas etapas fenológicas del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) para siembras de primavera temprana (SPTe) y tardía (SPTa) bajos distintas condiciones ENSO. Para alcanzar el objetivo se calculó AAS diaria a lo largo del ciclo del cultivo de maíz en SPTe (1 de octubre) y SPTa (1 de diciembre) para las campañas entre 19502015 utilizando el software Agroagua versión 4.1. Los resultados mostraron que las SPTa presentaron niveles superiores de AAS durante el período crítico del cultivo (15 días antes y 15 días después de la floración) y 30 días después del mismo que las SPTe. En SPTa los niveles más altos de AAS durante el periodo crítico del cultivo se alcanzaron en años La Niña, mientras que en SPTe se alcanzaron en años El Niño. Los niveles más altos de AAS estarían asociados a una mayor productividad del cultivo. Sin embargo, para confirmar esto último se tendrían que conducir ensayos de campo o simulaciones con programas que permitan estimar el rendimiento.

Digital encodings are a computer process developed in digital humanities which represent a field of research, in teaching and engineering, aimed at putting the computer technology at the service of research in the fields of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences and Pure Science. Thus, in Humanities and Social Sciences, the researcher who deals with the text as a whole, which is information borne by ancient, modern books and archives, is quickly confronted with the fact that these documents are not readable on a computer and must be subjected to digital encoding processing so that the stored information can be further deepened by the various computer techniques and softwares. This also concerns musical texts, that is to say, notations, scores, analyzes and musical’s literatures. In this article we will study the different aspects and the various problematics raised by the processes of digital encodings of the transcriptions of traditional oral music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article asserts the claim that freedom of thought overrides the current meaning of communication as transmission or that which is said. This freedom introduces the concept that genealogy is a strategy of thought able to liberate us from its current meaning and return to the historical significance of the Latin word communicatio. The genealogy brings up various communication practices (both archaic and modern) and leads to obfuscation, modification, and consolidation of meaning. These various communication practices are revealed by the study and reflection on the Latin and Indo-European roots munus and mei, which form the semantic core of the word communicatio (cum + munus). The increase in technology that regulates the realm of human experience in the world is also analyzed as a fact that warns of the danger of instrumental communication and raises the need for genealogical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]