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Burgeoning research suggests that men engage in a variety of coercive and non-coercive tactics to avoid condom use (condom use resistance; CUR), suggesting a risk nexus regarding sexual risk and sexual aggression (SA). Laboratory-based research has found that acute alcohol intoxication is associated with CUR; however, no study has examined event-level associations among alcohol consumption, SA history, and CUR or the moderating effects of trait anger. Non-problem drinking young adult men who have sex with women (N = 430) completed a background survey and follow-up assessments regarding their sex events and alcohol consumption over three months. CUR was reported in 113 sex events; 6.2% of these involved SA and 40.7% involved alcohol consumption. Generalized estimating equations demonstrated that men with more severe SA histories were more likely to perpetrate CUR. Men lower in trait anger were more likely to perpetrate CUR the more they increased above their typical level of alcohol consumption, whereas men higher in trait anger were similarly likely to perpetrate CUR regardless of their alcohol consumption. Results suggest that men with greater SA histories and high trait anger are at increased risk of perpetrating CUR, and that risk of CUR increases among other men the more they increase their alcohol consumption beyond their average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual attraction in humans is influenced by cultural or moral factors, and some gender differences can emerge in this complex interaction. A previous study found that men dissociate sexual attraction from moral judgment more than women do. Two experiments consisting of giving attractiveness ratings to photos of real opposite-sex individuals showed that men, compared to women, were significantly less influenced by the moral valence of a description about the person shown in each photo. There is evidence of some processing differences between real and artificial computer-generated faces. The present study tests the robustness of González-Álvarez's findings and extends the research to an experimental design using artificial face models as stimuli. A sample of 88 young adults (61 females and 27 males, average age 19.32, SD = 2.38) rated the attractiveness of 80 3D artificial face models generated with the FaceGen Modeller 3.5 software. Each face model was paired with a "good" and a "bad" (from a moral point of view) sentence depicting a quality or activity of the person represented in the model (e.g., she/he is an altruistic nurse in Africa vs. she/he is a prominent drug dealer). Results were in line with the previous findings and showed that, with artificial faces as well, sexual attraction is less influenced by morality in men than in women. This gender difference is consistent with an evolutionary perspective on human sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern man lyfestyle contributes to the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome in the developed world. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adults ranges from 20 to 25%, and it tends to increase. Each year, 3.2 million people around the world die from complications associated with this syndrome. Treatment involves cooperation of medical doctors of various specialties, but the decisive factor is patient motivation, given that the treatment requires significant lifestyle changes. Our hypothesis is that metabolic syndrome patients have reduced ability to plan, convert plan into action and effectivly implement planned activities, showing signs of dysexecutive syndrome. The term executive functions comes from the english word “executive”, which also means the controlling, in neuropsychology reserved for high-level abilities that influence more basic abilities such as attention, perception, memory, thinking and speaking. The main objective of this study was to determine characteristics of executive functioning in patients with metabolic syndrome. The sample consisted of 61 subjects of both sexes, aged 20 to 60 years, divided into two groups - those with a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and those without this diagnosis. The results suggest that people with metabolic syndrome showed significantly poorer performance in almost all indicators of executive functions, represented by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the two different forms of male sociality in a coastal village in southern Sri Lanka, where sociality is expressed through a combination of humour and deception. These include an illustration on how men express friendship and brotherhood, a case study on the use of humour as a commentary on domestic realities and an affirmation of community and deception and ridicule of foreigners by villagers in the aftermath of the tsunami.

Background: Increasing international mobility has led to a growth of cross-border HIV transmission around the world. In Australia, increasing rates of HIV infections acquired overseas have been reported, particularly among men. This qualitative study explored experiences and risk perceptions of 14 Australian men who acquired HIV while living or travelling overseas from the year 2000. Methods: Symbolic interaction provided the study's theoretical perspective and analytical framework. Australian men living with HIV who were aged 18 years and older, believed they had acquired their infection while working or travelling overseas during or after the year 2000, and were diagnosed from 2003 onwards were eligible to participate. A semistructured interview schedule was developed and tested for content validity with the study reference group. Analysis was conducted using an adapted form of grounded theory to form the basis for the development of the experiences domains. Results: Analysis produced four domains of experience: (1) a fantasy realised, (2) escaping and finding a new self or life, (3) living a life less ordinary and (4) living local but still an outsider. The description of the four experience domains highlights how risk generally, particularly sexual risk, did or did not feature in these men's understanding of their experiences. Conclusion: Perceptions and experiences of long-term travel played a decisive role for men who acquired HIV when travelling overseas. Appealing to desired experiences such as connection to local culture or sustaining a new or adventurous life may provide important implications for guiding health promotion programs and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on fraternity men focuses almost exclusively on problematic behaviors such as homophobia and sexism, alcohol abuse, violence against women, sexual promiscuity, and the overrepresentation of members among campus judicial offenders. Consequently, little is known about those who perform masculinities in healthy and productive ways. Presented in this article are findings from a qualitative study of productive masculinities and behaviors among 50 undergraduate fraternity men from 44 chapters across the US and Canada. Findings offer insights into participants’ steadfast commitments to the fraternity’s espoused values; their acceptance and appreciation of members from a range of diverse backgrounds; strategies they employed to address bad behaviors (including sexism, racism, and homophobia) among chapter brothers; and the conditions that enabled them to behave in ways that contradict stereotypes concerning men in collegiate fraternities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Market research documents a rising passion for cooking among men. Yet, some feminists argue that men see cooking as ‘leisure’ in part because they have distance from day-to-day care obligations. However, empirical research on men’s home cooking is still limited. This article investigates the relationship between cooking and leisure among 30 Canadian men with significant household cooking responsibilities. Drawing on interview, observational and diary data, and poststructural conceptualizations of leisure, I ask, to what extent do these men understand cooking as leisure and why? Opposing the notion that women’s cooking is ‘work’ and men’s, ‘leisure’, I find that these men experience cooking as ‘work-leisure’ complicated by worries about others’ preferences, health and approval. However, I also argue that participants create leisurely cooking by manipulating cooking spaces and time(s), and it is in the ease with which they do so that gender (as well as class and race) hierarchies become more visible. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Educación y Humanismo is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses and explores the theories that explain the reasons why men are attracted to animal fighting. It mentions the theory developed by Rhonda Evans, Craig J. Forsyth, and DeAnn K. Gauthier, which states that dogfighting subculture functions as a symbolic arena for working class men as they are given the chance to express their masculinity. It cites the theory formulated by Clifford Geertz who argue that men engaged in cockfighting because it gives some meaning to their lives.

This article examines the alcohol-infused leisure practices of a group of older Afro-Caribbean men in Canada. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in the Greater Toronto Area, which has a large diasporic Caribbean community, this article examines the ways alcohol consumption at cricket grounds plays an integral role in the reproduction of club members’ gender as well as their homeland cultures, age, class and national identities. In 2008 and 2009 data were collected with a group of cricketers and spectators through observation, casual conversation, participation in social events and 27 in-depth formal interviews with male players and spectators. Findings reveal that drinking at the cricket ground is a means for Caribbean men to mask the effects of old age (limping, forgetfulness and declining physical strength), and thereby renew their investment in hegemonic masculinity. Drinking also enables them to temporarily escape their wives and domestic labour as well as circumvent childcare. Through the brands they consume they perform their class distinctions and celebrate their Canadian and Caribbean national affiliations and transnational mobilities. Drinking at the cricket ground is a means to embrace and challenge dominant gender stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This chapter offers insights into mentoring men toward wisdom and is based on the notion that growth into a more grounded and connected wisdom entails transformation of the pillars of traditional masculinity: procreating, providing, and protecting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examine the precursors of parenting buds (representations regarding parenting before actual parenting) by following 60 men from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Quality of relationships with parents, and attachment representations (state of mind with respect to attachment and attachment styles) assessed in adolescence, contribute to the development of parenting buds in emerging adulthood (desire to have children, perceived parenting capacity, satisfaction with future parenting, self-as-a-parent and future-child perceptions). Quality of relations with parents in emerging adulthood is also associated with parenting buds. Qualitative analyses reveal distinct profiles of parenting buds among participants with different attachment representations. The findings highlight the importance of studying parenting buds as part of the attempt to understand the development of the caregiving behavioral system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the reasons of different views of women and men in sexual images in advertising. It states that men adopt a recreational orientation towards sex while women adopt a relationship-based orientation to sexuality. It states that sexual economics theory explains why women have negative attitude towards the use of sex in advertising. It adds that the proper use of positioning and relationship context can change the women's attitudes on advertisements and brand.

El artículo discurre sobre una campaña social denominada "260 hombres contra el machismo" en Argentina. El autor comenta sobre la oposición contra el machismo por los varones argentinos. También describe los esfuerzos para eradicar la violencia del género y evitar las tradiciones paternalistas en la sociedad argentina.

Stranger harassment is defined as experiencing unwanted sexual attention from strangers in public contexts. We conducted two studies investigating the person and situation factors of U.S. undergraduate males that facilitate stranger harassment. Men from a large Midwestern university indicated their engagement in harassment both when alone and in groups, as well as their motives for this behavior in both settings. We also assessed their Likelihood to Sexually Harass (LSH). We predicted that high LSH men would be most likely to report engaging in harassment when in groups, compared to when alone. We also predicted these group behaviors would be motivated by anonymity and group bonding. Results support our hypotheses about the predictors and motives of stranger harassment in college men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the new politics of masculinity within the legal arena which is said to represent an important but unexplored cause for the collapse of the legitimacy of patriarchal power in modern societies. It explores social and political influences that shaped this collapse within feminist legal studies including how law is accorded a place in the reproduction of gender relations through an engagement with hegemonic masculinity. It also focuses on the relationship between law and the idea of masculinity within a psychosocial context.

The article points out how masculinities scholarship and asking the "man question" are essential in the critical analysis of gender equality. It suggests a framework for analyzing the concept of masculinity as it relates to feminist theory by examining the ways and reasons for asking the "man question." It explains how the concept can reveal how male privilege and dominance are structured and can lead to an understanding of the often-ignored hurts and harm men and boys suffered.

The article discusses the study regarding backlash on modest men due to deviation of stereotypic expectations. It says that disagreement in the masculinity may result to depression and psychological distress and backlash due to high status prescriptions and proscriptions to men, as determined by status incongruity hypothesis (SIH). Moreover, it also discusses a study of credibility and identical response of diverse male and female students as applicants and determines backlash incurrence on men.

Two of the most enduring concepts in the study of friendship are those of pure affect and instrumentalism. These have long been set in contrast to one another, and a number of typologies of different varieties of friendship have been built around the affect-instrumentalism distinction. In this article, however, a careful look at the close friendships of young Chinese men demonstrates that not only do these two aspects sometimes coexist in the same relationship, but that they may actually be deeply interdependent on one another. Such relationships urge us to re-examine our understandings of affect and instrumentalism, what constitutes them, and what they truly mean for the study of close, intimate relationships. Résumé Dans l'étude de l'amitié, deux des concepts les plus durables sont ceux d'affectivité pure et d'instrumentalisme. Longtemps opposés l'un à l'autre, ils ont donné lieu à de nombreuses typologies des variétés d'amitié, élaborées autour de la distinction entre affect et instrumentalisme. Le présent article accorde cependant son attention aux amitiés proches entre jeunes Chinois, pour démontrer que ces deux aspects peuvent parfois coexister dans une même relation et peuvent même être profondément interdépendants. Ce type de relations nous incite à réexaminer notre compréhension de l'affect et de l'instrumentalisme, de ce qui les constitue et de leur signification véritable dans l'étude des relations proches et intimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism is presented for the 18th-century book "Cecilia" by Frances Burney. Burney, it notes, addresses the struggle for autonomy of the character Cecilia by examining the independence of men. The risks for men in their public and private actions are discussed in context of debates about the war in America, empire in general, and the state of the nation. The end of the novel, it argues, signifies Burney's dissatisfaction with the state of things.

Late nineteenth-century children were taught about their future roles through popular periodicals. Specifically, components of the manly domesticated father were highlighted: from the domestic goal of evangelical manliness, to the requirements of the ideal husband, the moral and pious centrality of the domesticated father, the rhetorical demonstration of fatherly failure and male weakness, and women's duties in relation to domesticated manliness. The result is a clear expression of the significance of male domesticity in the era of supposed 'flight', and a call to historians to reconsider the importance usually ascribed to the moral influence of mothers at the expense of fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thus far, historians have interpreted representations of elderly women with reference to women's roles or to women's positions in society. This article proposes a different approach toward gender: to relate representations of the aged to the sexual identities of both men and women. This article analyzes representations of old age in conduct books of the early-modern period and the nineteenth century. By drawing a comparison, the eighteenth-century change of "identity regime" in European culture is brought to the fore. The article points to the influence of sexual identities on the representations of senior persons in advice literature both in Dutch and translated into Dutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past twenty years, patriarchy has become a vitally important analytical concept for historians of women, gender and masculinity. By contrast, misogyny has been under-explored, despite being an equally prevalent historical phenomenon. This article offers a cultural history of seventeenth-century masculinity based on an analysis of the humorous jokes and stories found in jest-books, a genre that appealed in particular to male adolescents and young men in their twenties. It argues that patriarchy and misogyny should be treated as separate analytical concepts and cultural phenomena that appealed to different sorts of men. While patriarchy offered a code of manly behaviour for middling-sort married males to aspire to, misogynistic humour appealed predominantly to youthful single males, who were as antagonistic towards patriarchs as they were towards women. In articulating such an argument, this article engages with debates about manhood, misogyny and the reception and creation of everyday culture in early modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As advice books on caring for the home become more popular, they become more specialized. This essay analyzes one target niche of domestic advice: cleaning books for men. The authors of books like "Clean Like a Man" adopt as their primary persuasive strategy an ethos that establishes their own masculinity and, by extension, affirms the masculinity of readers. Though they explicitly argue for more equitable sharing of domestic tasks, the ethos adopted by the authors reveals general ambivalence about the changing notions of masculinity associated with such behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histories of masculinity have documented changes in the definition of American masculinity across centuries, but not decades. This article examines prescriptive and proscriptive statements about men's behavior as they appeared in William Randolph Hearst's American Weekly during the interwar period (1918-1940). Written by professionals and providing summaries of current research, the American Weekly provided authoritative accounts of masculinity to a mass audience. In the early 1920s, reason was explicitly masculine and central to the construction of masculinity, and gender differences were routinely attributed to men's superior evolution. By the late 1930s, reason was implicitly masculine, the breadwinner role was central, and gender differences relied on the known, but unstated, superiority of men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the dilemma towards masculine gender training in the modern world. The author suggests a problem with regards to the little value placed on the effort and time spent by men engaging in hand-to-hand combat when war is becoming counter-productive in the modern time. It indicates that men have become powerlessness in expressing their feelings because of the reason that their military skills are no longer in use to anyone with the surging of women doing the same training as they do. The value of traditional masculine gender training is indicated as not useful anymore as it is already being overcome by the skills in communication which are more in demand in the modern world.

Almost half of the pages of the Gentleman's Magazine 1785–1815 consisted of readers’ contributions in the form of letters and obituaries, making it an excellent source for representations of elite masculinities. They convey abundant evidence of the social and cultural priority of gentlemen over gentlewomen, and contrary to some recent assertions by scholars furnish no evidence of a ‘gender panic’ or retreat from ‘gender play’. They imply no overmastering urge to separate manliness from ‘feminine’ characteristics such as domesticity, connectedness, sensibility and gentleness. The predominantly reflected masculinity of this source is polite, responsible and educated; but evidence of disapproval of other masculinities – of irresponsible youth, and of the ‘rough’ style of the libertine or sportsman – indicates that there was no single ‘hegemonic’ elite masculinity. Nor was the preferred masculinity of the majority of the magazine's contributors entirely consistent. Conversation was highly esteemed by contributors; but there was a persistent tension between impartial, liberal, candid debate – talking for truth – and aggressive argument – talking for victory. The latter is pervasively characterized by the language of the duel, and this tension reflects an unresolved conflict between a ‘Christian’ masculinity of politeness and a masculinity of honour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated forgiveness in a traditional cognitive model of stress appraisal and coping and in a more recent model that includes the construct of low control stressors. One-hundred sixty six men and 168 women completed measures of forgiveness, primary stress appraisals, and coping strategies. For men, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with the use of challenge appraisals, and negatively associated with the use of loss appraisals and emotion-focused coping. For women, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with emotion-focused coping and acceptance, and negatively associated with avoidance. The results for women indicate that when forgiveness situations are conceptualized as low-control stressors, we are able to explain the relationships between forgiveness, appraisal, and coping. The results for men are broadly in line with a more traditional model of coping, which does not consider the construct of low control. Crucial differences in the ways that men and women appraise and cope with situations involving forgiveness are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion of the citizen soldier. Within the Western history tradition, men have been asked to set aside their lives and livelihoods to aid their countries through military service. The author explores some of the sociopolitical dynamics of such a military force. He also discusses the problems associated with uprisings and violence when men who have served in the military are sent home to civilian life. A discussion of disenfranchised groups not allowed to serve in combat because of race, sex, or sexual orientation is also presented.

Previous research on gender differences in behavior has led to seemingly contradictory findings about generosity. From data generated by 290 subject pairs, we find that women are more sensitive than men to the costs of generous actions when deciding whether to be generous. The factors that affect the level of generosity observed in our experiments are reciprocal motivation, the level of money payoffs, and the level of social distance in the experimental protocol. The relatively greater sensitivity of women to the costs of generous behavior can explain most of the apparent inconsistencies in previously reported findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the subject of voyeurism in the novel "In the Lake of the Woods" by Tim O'Brien. It is said that the novel invites the reader's voyeurism in a chapter that features the nakedness of Kathy, the wife of the protagonist, John Wade. It is noted that the novel deals with the necessity and danger involving voyeurism. It is added that early on in the novel, an overall voyeuristic context is established with the character of the protagonist. The voyeuristic attitude and behavior of the protagonist are also described.

A gay playwright in Chicago looks back on a highly sexualized relationship with a promiscuous married man whose difficulty reconciling his desires leads to a confrontation between the author and the married man's wife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The town of Newcastle in the early nineteenth century offered many diverse forms of entertainment and socialising for middle class men and women. Although the religious beliefs of Quakers excluded them from sharing in many of these activities, their faith offered them unique opportunities to participate in, lead, and challenge middle class lifestyle. Through examining the domestic, religious, and charitable conduct of the women of the Richardson family it can be seen how their understanding of society was mediated through religious beliefs that allowed them to challenge the role of the typical middle class woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]