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The perceived social liberalisation of Irish culture over the past ten years has significantly impacted Irish writing, resulting in discussions of formerly tabooed topics like psychosis, menstruation, and infertility. This shift is particularly evident in the recent rise in public interest in creative non-fiction writing. This article examines the rise in popularity of illness narratives: tales of patients' and care-takers' embodied experiences of mental and physical ailments in light of Irish medical-historical developments. Focusing on chapters from recent Irish essay collections by Emilie Pine, Sinéad Gleeson, and Sophie White, this article considers how writing about the gendered experiences of women in Irish medical and mental institutions can shape political action and contribute to the formation of radical new cultures of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Latino Studies is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nineteenth-century psychiatrists ascribed to a model of health that was predicated on the existence of objective and strictly defined laws of nature. The allegedly "natural" rules governing the production of consumption of food, however, were structured by a set of distinctively bourgeois moral values that demonized over-indulgence and intemperance, encouraged self-discipline and productivity, and treated gentility as an index of social worth. Accordingly, the asylum acted not only as a therapeutic instrument but also as a moral machine that was designed to remake lazy, indolent transgressors into useful, "decorous" citizens. Because the theory and mechanics underlying this machine seemed straightforward and self-evident to psychiatrists, they were confounded when the asylum failed to translate its ideals into reality. While psychiatrists tended to blame this failure on the intractable immorality and weakness of individual patients, particularly paupers and immigrants, a review of the various meanings and uses of food in the hospital reveals the fault lines that ran through the asylum's ideological structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This article aims to describe and discuss in detail the psychiatric medical history of the writer Elsa Asenijeff (1867–1941) in different mental institutions in the German state of Saxony. Research questions: What can be discovered in preserved archive documents about the placement of Elsa Asenijeff in different mental institutions between 1923 and 1941? What is the historical context in which this individual medical history took place? Material and methods: Through systematic research in different archives a part of Elsa Asenijeffs medical records and relevant administrative files of the institutions could be found. Results: The preserved documents provide an insight into the statements of the physicians and the conditions of Elsa Asenijeffs placement in the institutions of that time. Conclusion: The findings of our research suggest that, at least since 1927, Elsa Asenijeff was kept in mental institutions primarly for being an unmarried, destitute and more or less isolated woman. In other words, her stay was justified with social and not psychiatric-medical arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about the tension and changing balance between emotional involvement and professional detachment in the practice of nursing in Dutch mental institutions between the 1880s and 1990s. We address this issue in relation to institutional and material conditions, power differences between doctors, nurses and patients, different treatments, and the social marginalisation of hospitalised patients. On the basis of various sources (nursing textbooks, chronicles of skills learning by students, personal accounts, questionnaires and interviews), we describe how nurses were supposed to interact with patients and how they dealt with three sensitive issues: the need to use coercion in response to agitated patients, the sexual behaviour of patients and the risk of suicide in psychiatric institutions. We argue that nursing mental patients required a great deal of emotional work and that there was a shift from strict rules of behaviour imposed from above to more flexible self-regulation, guided by self-reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General Paralysis of the Insane (GPI) was a deadly disease, once common in Fiji's lunatic asylum and, by the early 20th century, thought to be caused by syphilis. The conundrum is that the majority of GPI sufferers in the asylum were Indigenous Fijians, considered to have immunity to syphilis. This immunity was probably through the prevalence of yaws amongst Indigenous Fijians. Yaws had symptoms similar to GPI and syphilis with which it was easily confused. Yaws and syphilis also invoked divergent scientific and moral discourses, with implications for how medical and scientific knowledge about the aetiology of GPI and associated moral discourses were transferred to Fiji. This paper discusses European nosology and diagnosis of GPI, yaws and syphilis, asking if GPI was misdiagnosed in Fiji, or if reports of GPI among Fijians and the effects of yaws on the nervous system are missing from tropical medicine orthodoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reads Margaretta Matilda Odell's 1834 biography of the pioneering African American poet in light of Odell's own life story, which ended in a decades-long confinement in a private insane asylum. While previous scholars, many of whom have been justifiably skeptical of Odell's account, have located a covert racial agenda in her work, I identify the influence of a distinctly gendered anxiety shaping Odell's text. Rewriting Wheatley's history as a narrative of extrafamilial female solidarity, Odell addresses her own vulnerable position as an unmarried woman in an era in which perceptions of female worth and identity remained heavily tied to the domestic sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on justice delayed should be avoided in the U.S. legal system is fundamentally consistent with American aspirations of doing and Judge Frank Minis Johnson Jr. of the U.S. Court of Appeals was one of the most significant and bravest road builders of the last century. It mentions Johnson's decisions remedied long-standing injustices, from racial discrimination to the treatment of patients in mental institutions to other wrongs and link between law and social change.

In 1779, Susan Carnegie (1743–1821) persuaded the Town Council of Montrose, Scotland, to build a safe haven for those suffering from both poverty and mental illness. As a result, Montrose Lunatic Asylum became not only the first public asylum in Scotland, but among the first in the English-speaking world. Carnegie – born 175 years before women could vote – championed a humane and science-based response to mental illness. Montrose Asylum practised moral treatment a decade before Tuke and Pinel. As a champion of the new mental science, her enduring influence resulted in the hiring of the young W.A.F. Browne. Her story enriches the current wave of scholarship on Scottish psychiatry in particular, and on women in psychiatry in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "colonie" for young male children of the Vaucluse Public Asylum, opened in 1876, is a pioneer although little known institution in the history of child psychiatry in the late 19th century. The study of the population of "colons" shows that this institution took charge of children and adolescents with mild forms of mental deficiency, considered socially maladjusted and often with a history of delinquency. For some of them, the "colonie" was just a temporary place of passage; but for others it was the first step of very long careers in mental institutions, as shown by two case studies of patient trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation conducted here focuses on two very remarkable asylum memoirs – one published in 1838, the other in 1840 – by John Perceval, a self-proclaimed 'insane and nervous patient'. It makes use of recent developments in the study of media – in particular, the theory of 'cultural techniques' – to explore the fascination Perceval evinced in his memoirs for some of the more mundane architectural features of the various institutions in which he found himself: a glass door, iron veranda blinds. Equally troubling to him was the human mechanism constituted by the asylum attendants. Other theoretical contexts are supplied by Friedrich Kittler's analysis of Daniel Paul Schreber's Memoirs of My Nervous Illness, Theodo Adorno's rumination on refrigerators, and Gregory Bateson's application of information and cybernetic theory to the study of psychosis and alcoholism as pathologies of communication (in 1961, Bateson produced the only modern edition of Perceval's writings). Perceval's books are books of complaint. They are repetitive, snobbish, and embittered. But they include remarkable passages of commentary and description which make it clear that for him insanity was a process, not a condition: a process which could be reversed. His account of the crucial stages in that process coincides with an enhanced attention to infrastructure as medium or cultural technique. Insanity was the mediated life gone horribly wrong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Difficult adolescent' is a clinical category defined by psychiatrists' expertise. Since the end of the 1990s, it has been extensively used to describe a population of disruptive, violent yet vulnerable adolescents, at the margins of public institutions that manage youth deviancy in France. For the present study, an interconnected network of 49 documents was analysed using a genealogical method in order to provide comprehensive elements in the results. This category found its ecological niche in the 1960s, revealing a moral tension in the use of constraint. It addressed new problems of intractable individuals, whose dangerousness and vulnerability require coordination between penal, social and psychiatric institutions. It defines an ambiguous condition, suspended between the trouble experienced by the caregivers and an adolescent's individual disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early nineteenth century, physicians designed the first manufactured showers for the purpose of curing the insane. Sustained falls of cold water were prescribed to cool hot, inflamed brains, and to instil fear to tame impetuous wills. By the middle of the century showers had appeared in both asylums and prisons, but shower-related deaths led to their decline. Rather than being abandoned, however, the shower was transformed by the use of warm water to economically wash the skins of prison and asylum populations. In stark contrast to an involuntary, deliberately unpleasant treatment, by the end of the century the shower was a desirable product for the improvement of personal hygiene and population health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite repeated attempts, it has not been possible to reach a consensus on the definition of recovery. In this paper, we use the term "institutional recovery" and focus on the persons' use of services. Aim: What type of services were used by men and women who were diagnosed for the first time with psychosis? How did different cut-offs of length of follow up influence the findings? Method: Interventions for 386 persons diagnosed for the first time with psychosis were followed up for 10 years. Data were collected from registers covering psychiatric and social work services and prisons. Results: Results varied according to cut-off. Nevertheless, even using the higher cut-off, fifty-five percent of the persons had no stay in 24/7 institutions during the follow-up's last 5 years. More than 40% had only community-based treatment and support. Fifteen percent had no interventions at all. A 2-year cut-off doubled the percentage of persons with no interventions. No statistically significant gender differences were found. Conclusions: Institutional recovery could be a useful recovery measure. However, the results from different studies are dictated by choices made by the research team, which should be clarified and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project "Bedlam: Living with a Mental Asylum in Town" has collected narrative data and artefacts for a few years, and its first exhibition was curated in 2016. The aim of this article is to reflect on how the exhibition material looked at "Mayday Hills," or the former Beechworth Mental Hospital, as a space and environment that was planned, made, changed, and responded to by humans. The researchers have been using crystallization as a framework for a multi-method approach to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the data. Since the collaborators in the research are from different disciplines, history and creative arts, crystallization has enabled them to look at the data in different but complementary ways. The exhibition was an engaging mix of historical narrative and creative work telling human stories that changed what is possible on the site. This article is written from the perspective of the creative arts researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between the prison and mental illness, focusing on the ways in which the system of separate confinement was associated with mental breakdown and how maintaining the integrity of prison discipline mitigated against prisoners obtaining treatment or removal to an asylum. Examples are taken from English and Irish prisons, from the introduction of separate confinement at Pentonville Prison in London in 1842 until the late nineteenth century, exploring the persistence of the system of separation in the face of evidence that it was harming the minds of prisoners. The article also briefly examines the ways in which prison doctors argued that they were dealing with special categories of prisoner, adept at feigning, intrinsically weak-minded and whose mental deterioration was embedded in their criminality, factors that served to reinforce the harmful environment for mentally ill prisoners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the family resilience model, we examined the association between empowerment, family member age, length of institutionalization, and resilience among family members of relatives with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) following deinstitutionalization. Participants included 56 family members whose relatives with IDD recently transitioned to community living. Results strongly indicate empowerment plays a key role in positive family adaptation. Thus, following a relative's move from an institution to the community, empowerment is a promising form of protection that holds potential to increase family resilience. The results of the current study support the family resilience model as a foundation for future research regarding how families navigate significant transitions throughout the lifespan. Implications for practice and policy are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adults with intellectual disabilities who live in group homes possess the same complex range of sexual desires and identities as all adults do. However, in group homes throughout the United States, these adults are denied the ability to express their sexuality. This Article addresses the systematic failure of group homes to modify punitive and overprotective policies and to provide services related to sex and intimacy, creating an environment of sexual isolation. Although legal scholars have explored the complexity of disability and sexual consent capacity and examined sexual rights in the context of institutionalized care, they have yet to explore the ramifications of policies and practices within group homes under federal disability rights law. This Article takes on that task and concludes that group homes have an affirmative duty to support intellectually disabled adults in exercising choices around sex and intimacy. In particular, this Article argues that Olmstead v. L.C. ex rel. Zimring and its mandate for community integration under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act provides the framework to challenge the sexual isolation of group home residents as disability-based discrimination under the ADA's older integration mandate-sibling, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Some courts have begun to expand the reach of the integration mandate beyond the physical walls of confinement. It is through this lens that sexual rights can rise from the shadows as an essential aspect of full community integration alongside supports that include employment, education, and skills for daily living. The Article concludes by proposing reasonable modifications that group homes may undertake to avert sexual isolation, striving to balance the sexual rights of residents against the risk of exploitation and abuse that may arise in intimate relationships. A key modification would require group homes to create or adapt policies and procedures that begin to dismantle the bias, paternalism, and ableism that drives group-home decisions and perpetuates the sexual isolation of adults with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant number of patients with intellectual disability (ID) were admitted to forensic mental health asylums during the period 1915-1987. Many of these patients stayed for more than a decade, because of previous offending behaviour. We investigated the daily lives of 262 patients with an ID using casebooks. Two of the patients were studied more in detail. The available documents describe most of these patients as sociable, well-behaved and socially engaged although they missed having contacts outside the hospital. Long-stay patients were studied more in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines whether psychoanalysis without institutions is possible. It states that institutions are means of preserving structures beyond individuals occupying them and are means of defeating corporeal vulnerability and death. It also mentions that these institutions perform the function of defeating death and/or attempting to avoid death.

This article begins with the history of the rise and fall of the state hospitals and subsequent criminalization of persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Currently, there is a belief among many that incarceration has not been as successful as hoped in reducing crime and drug use, both for those with and those without SMI. Moreover, overcrowding in correctional facilities has become a serious problem necessitating a solution. Consequently, persons with SMI in the criminal justice system are now being released in large numbers to the community and hopefully treated by public sector mental health. The issues to consider when releasing incarcerated persons with SMI into the community are as follows: diversion and mental health courts; the expectation that the mental health system will assume responsibility; providing asylum and sanctuary; the capabilities, limitations, and realistic treatment goals of community outpatient psychiatric treatment for offenders with SMI; the need for structure; the use of involuntary commitments, including assisted outpatient treatment, conservatorship and guardianship; liaison between treatment and criminal justice personnel; appropriately structured, monitored, and supportive housing; management of violence; and 24-hour structured in-patient care. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to find and explore the earliest available New South Wales asylum medical records to identify any management or therapeutic data that might be of interest to the psychiatric field.Conclusions: The earliest known existing records of New South Wales asylum data are from Tarban Creek Asylum. After almost two centuries the preserved records allow insight into treatment used in early colonial Australia, including the scarcely remembered seton therapy. This finding highlights the importance of preserving historical records. It also demonstrates the necessity and/or evolving wish within the colony to care for patients with perceived mental health difficulties based on a shared medical culture inherited from techniques used in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes trends in prison rates and mental hospital rates in France since the earliest available statistics. It shows that, on almost two centuries of data and amidst an agitated political history, every asylum trend in France is “countered” by an inverse prison trend, and vice-versa. Both trends are like a mirror image of each other. We reflect on the possible explanations for this intriguing fact and show that the most obvious ones (a population transfer or a building transfer) are not able to account for most of the relationship. After these explanations have been dismissed, we are left with an enigma with wide theoretical and practical implications. How is it that when prisons fall, asylums rise and when prison rise, asylums fall? We suggest possible research avenues drawing on the 1960s and 1970s critical literature on “total institutions” and offer implications for current theories of the “punitive turn” and current quantitative studies of prison rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At Kingseat Asylum near Aberdeen, in 1901–1904, asylum authorities constructed an asylum which appears to resemble Ebenezer Howard's schematic diagram of a garden city ‘ward’. Using theories of the relationship between spatial rationalities and governmentality, this paper asks whether Howard's garden city could plausibly have been a model for the Kingseat Asylum layout. The historiographical orthodoxy, which claims that late nineteenth-century asylums were little more than ‘warehouses’ to sequester the unwanted, is problematized and the existence is postulated of a distinct Scottish asylum culture which was alarmed by the tendency to asylum growth, overcrowding and disease in England and elsewhere. Garden city reformers and asylum builders faced similar problems in terms of overcrowding and disease, and were both concerned about the ‘aggregation’ of the poor and their consequent loss of individuality. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Scottish asylum builders, in particular, rejected the increasingly large monolithic style of asylum in favour of dispersed ‘village’ style settlements. Aberdeen asylum authorities may have sought to access the symbolic resonance of the garden city layout and its utopian qualities as a ‘marriage’ of town and country, health and industry, variety and uniformity. The garden city asylum also points to a spectrum of opinion relating to the therapeutic role of environment in relation to mental illness and suggests that ‘hard hereditarian’ approaches were less influential, at least in Scotland, than is sometimes claimed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We aimed to describe, among a population of women with intellectual disabilities (ID) living in institutions in France, the characteristics in whom breast cancer (BC) was diagnosed and of those who participated in BC screening. Methods Study was performed in 2009 among a random, representative sample of women with ID living in institutions in France. Participants answered a questionnaire either directly by themselves, or with the help of an intermediary. Results In total, 978 women with ID aged over 18 years were included, and 14 were diagnosed with BC. The incidence observed in this sample of women with ID is similar to that of the general population (standardised incidence ratio, SIR 0.857, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-1.53). Average age at diagnosis was 47.8 years, and the risk of developing BC before the age of 50 was 2.03% (0.4-3.66). This risk was not significantly different from that of the general population (2.4%, 1.0-3.78). Obesity was almost twice as frequent in women who had BC as compared to those without BC (43% vs. 22.5%, P = 0.0196). Among the 310 women aged >50 years and eligible for the national BC screening programme, 238 (77%) had already had at least one mammogram, and 199 had had it within the previous 2 years. Adherence to the screening programme was 64.2% (199/310) in the participating institutions. This rate was slightly higher than the national average of 62% for the same period. Conclusions The results of this study show that BC is equally as frequent among women with ID living in institutions as in the general population, and occurs at around the same age. Obesity was significantly more frequent among women in whom BC was diagnosed in our study. Participation in BC screening is slightly higher among women with ID living in institutions than among the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his novel Asylum, Patrick McGrath chronicles the relationship and aftermath of an illicit love affair between Stella, the wife of the deputy superintendent at a hospital for the criminally insane, and Edgar, a patient who has been convicted of murdering, decapitating, and enucleating his wife. This relationship provides the lens for McGrath's commentary on the politics of mental illness, marriage, and motherhood in post-World War II Britain. McGrath emphasizes the parallels between the institution of marriage and mental institutions in order to problematize the social and gender inequalities in both institutions. I explore the relationship between morality, naturalized social hierarchies, and narrative unreliability in order to argue that while the time period and hospital setting are key elements in setting up the novel's moral framework, the unreliable narrator, particularly one in which readers have put their trust, is critical to dismantling this framework and upsetting readers' moral judgments about transgression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare and newly described group of diseases involving autoantibodies directed against synaptic and neuronal cell surface antigens. It comprises a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests such as cell-based assay are primordial for the detection of neuronal cell surface antibodies in patients' cerebrospinal fluid or serum and determine the treatment and follow-up of the patients. As neurological symptoms are fairly well described in the literature, this review focuses on the nature of psychiatric symptoms occurring at the onset or during the course of the diseases. In order to help the diagnosis, the main neurological symptoms of the most representative synaptic and neuronal cell surface autoantibodies were detailed. Finally, the exploration of these autoantibodies for almost a decade allowed us to present an overview of autoimmune encephalitis incidence in psychiatric disease and the general guidelines for the management of psychiatric manifestations. For the majority of autoimmune encephalitis, the prognosis depends on the rapidity of the detection, identification, and the management of the disease. Because the presence of pronounced psychiatric symptoms drives patients to psychiatric institutions and can hinder the diagnosis, the aim of this work is to provide clues to help earlier detection by physicians and thus provide better medical care to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disability is a label and a significant 'identity marker'. The objective of the article is a response to an autoethnographic question: how is disability constructed socially. The main character is Irmina who fulfills the definition criteria of disability as she is mentally ill. Irmina writes her diary at a mental institution where she stays during her treatment. She makes notes systematically and guides us through her mind (disabled?) describing situations she comes across. She refers to the matter of medicalization, bio-authority, standards, normality, illness, sexuality, desubjectification by disability and aspects of being a person. The elaboration makes physiotherapists sensitive to the issues of the world experienced (Lebenswelt) by people with various types of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on recent scholarship exploring museum exhibitions and the heritage of mental health care. Using the development of the Stanley Royd Museum in the mid-1970s as a case study, the paper will examine the rationale for the opening of the museum and its link to changing perceptions of mental hospitals in both historical study and what was then ‘current’ practice. It will then provide an overview of the proposed audience for the new museum and briefly analyse its success in communicating its history to its visitors. Ultimately, it will question how successful mental health professionals were in presenting the progressive nature of institutional care at a time when the system was being radically overhauled and reoriented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the ‘internal’ histories of the lunatic asylums in colonial north India. It looks closely at the asylums in the Punjab and the United Provinces. The routinized life of the inmates revolved around ‘employment and amusement’, ‘diet and space’, ‘reform and reward’ and ‘resistance and adjustment’. The trope of the mundane provides a microscopic lens to delve deeper into the banal social lives of inmates behind the asylum walls. Work was emphasized for its therapeutic value but profits were central in order to make asylums self-sufficient. Work, in fact, became the yardstick on which a patient’s recovery was measured, and insanity was conceptualized as curable or incurable. An investigation into diet and recreation patterns helps construct the social history of psychiatry in colonial India. The complex temporal and spatial materialities of everyday lives inside the asylum are studied here in order to comprehend the role played by various actors and discern how authority was constantly reordered and redefined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe key policy and practice issues regarding a significant subgroup of people with intellectual disability – those with offending behaviour being treated in forensic hospitals. Design/methodology/approach – The reasons why psychiatrists continue to be involved in the treatment of people with intellectual disability and mental health or behavioural problems and the factors that may lead to patients needing hospital admission are examined. Using two illustrative examples, three key questions – containment vs treatment, hospital care vs conditional discharge and hospital treatment vs using deprivation of liberty safeguards usage in the community are explored. Findings – Patients with intellectual disability, mental health problems and offending behaviours who are treated within forensic inpatient units tend to have long lengths of stay. The key variable that mediates this length of stay is the risk that they pose to themselves or others. Clinicians work within the framework of mental health law and have to be mindful that pragmatic solutions to hasten discharge into the community may not fall within the law. Originality/value – This paper makes practical suggestions for the future on how to best integrate hospital and community care for people with intellectual disability, mental health and offending behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals a set of formulations of masculine identity through the fragments of extant casebook evidence from nineteenth-century psychiatric institutions in Victoria, Australia, and Auckland, New Zealand. It shows that some patterns in the identification of masculinity and insanity emerge, also highlighting the relevance of individual stories and ‘cases’ to fully understand how masculine identities were fashioned through medical institutional language. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article provides information on portrayal of psychiatry in modern culture including cinema psychiatrists and mental institution. Topics discussed include sexual assaults by psychiatrists and mindreading psychoanalyst, psychotropic medications and historical injustices, and approach for psychiatric treatment.

The article discusses the role of Illinois state psychologist Clara Harrison Town in the passage of a 1915 state law providing for the permanent, involuntary institutionalization of persons with mental disabilities and other persons deemed to be "feeble minded". The law was the first of its kind in the U.S. Particular focus is given to the authority of the courts under the 1915 law and to the role of psychologists as expert witnesses. Eugenics and intelligence testing are also discussed.

Objective: California's full-service partnerships (FSPs) provide a combination of subsidized permanent housing and multidisciplinary teambased services with a focus on rehabilitation and recovery. The goal of the study was to examine whether participation in FSPs is associated with changes in health service use and costs compared with usual care. Methods: A quasi-experimental, pre-post, intent-to-treat design with a propensity score-matched contemporaneous control group was used to compare health service use and costs among 10,231 FSP clients and 10,231 matched clients with serious mental illness who were receiving public m ental health services in California from January 1,2004 , through June 30, 2010. Results: Among FSP participants, the mean annual number of mental health outpatient visits increased by 55.5, and annual mental health costs increased by $11,725 relative to the matched control group. Total service costs increased by $12,056. Conclusions: Participation in an FSP was associated with increases in outpatient visits and their associated costs. As supportive housing programs are implemented nationally and on a large scale, these programs will likely need to be more effectively designed and targeted in order to achieve reductions in costly inpatient services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the treatment of mentally ill patients at the hospital in Vila Viçosa Rilhafoles in Portugal during the latter half of the 19th century. The author comments on the financial crisis faced by the city and the impact this had on the mentally ill population. The role of the local government in the finance of the hospital is also explored.

Abstract: In the “Socially Extended Mind,” Shaun Gallagher further develops the theory, introduced in “Mental Institutions” (Gallagher & Crisafi, 2009), that social institutions can become part of a cognitive system. Building on first wave theories of the extended mind, Gallagher (2013) argues that just as our minds are capable of coupling with artifacts in the environment to form larger cognitive systems, our minds are also capable of coupling with social institutions. In this paper we argue that whether extending cognition in this way is fruitful comes down to the details. Systems are incredibly complex, and must be addressed at the local level where components concretely link up. Only after such work is done can we confidently claim that something as abstract as the “legal system” constitutes the mind. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]