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17 results on '"MESH: Adiposity"'

1. Obesity is associated with shorter telomeres in 8 year-old children

Author

Fuertes, Elaine, Sunyer, Jordi, Gehring, Ulrike, Porta, Daniela, Forastiere, Francesco, Cesaroni, Giulia, Guxens, Mònica, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Maier, Dieter, Kogevinas, Manolis, Bousquet, Jean, Lertxundi, Aitana, Basterrechea, Mikel, Esplugues, Ana, Ferrero, Amparo, Mason, Dan, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Clemente, Diana, Maitre, Lea, Bustamante, Mariona, Chatzi, Leda, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Fossati, Serena, Grazuleviciene, Regina, Gützkow, Kristine, Lepeule, Johanna, Martens, Dries, Mceachan, Rosie, Meltzer, Helle, Petraviciene, Inga, Slama, Rémy, Tamayo-Uria, Ibon, Urquiza, Jose, Vafeiadi, Marina, Wright, John, Nawrot, Tim, Vrijheid, Martine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Project, Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Slama, Remy/0000-0002-8980-8529, lepeule, johanna/0000-0001-8907-197X, Fossati, Serena/0000-0002-7484-5837, Tamayo Uria, and Ibon/0000-0002-8183-7106

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, BLOOD, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Eczema, lcsh:Medicine, Body Mass Index, MESH: Skinfold Thickness, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, LENGTH, Medicine, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Aging, 030212 general & internal medicine, OXIDATIVE STRESS, lcsh:Science, Child, MESH: Cohort Studies, Telomere Shortening, Adiposity, 2. Zero hunger, Pediatric, Multidisciplinary, Telomere, Circumference, Multidisciplinary Sciences, MOTHER, Skinfold Thickness, Skinfold thickness, Cohort effect, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, MESH: Waist Circumference, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, SMOKING, Waist Circumference, Birth cohort, Adult, Waist, Air pollution, Predictive markers, Article, Fat mass, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, INFLAMMATION, Rhinoconjunctivitis, MESH: Telomere Shortening, Humans, Obesity, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adiposity, Science & Technology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MORTALITY, lcsh:R, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, Asthma, MESH: Male, 030104 developmental biology, Risk factors, COHORT PROFILE, MESH: Biomarkers, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Telomere, Body mass index, MESH: Female, Biomarkers, Demography
Abstract

Telomere length is considered a biomarker of biological aging. Shorter telomeres and obesity have both been associated with age-related diseases. To evaluate the association between various indices of obesity with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in childhood, data from 1,396 mother-child pairs of the multi-centre European birth cohort study HELIX were used. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and 4 adiposity markers in children at age 8 (6-11) years were assessed: BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness. Relative LTL was obtained. Associations of LTL with each adiposity marker were calculated using linear mixed models with a random cohort effect. For each 1 kg/ m 2 increment in maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, the child's LTL was 0.23% shorter (95%CI: 0.01,0.46%). Each unit increase in child BMI z-score was associated with 1.21% (95%CI: 0.30,2.11%) shorter LTL. Inverse associations were observed between waist circumference and LTL (-0.96% per z-score unit; 95%CI: -2.06,0.16%), and skinfold thickness and LTL (-0.10% per z-score unit; 95%CI: -0.23,0.02%). In conclusion, this large multicentric study suggests that higher child adiposity indicators are associated with short telomeres in children, and that associations are stronger for child BMI than for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. This work was supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 308333 - the HELIX project. INMA data collection was supported by grant C/from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No 774548. Tim S. Nawrot was funded by the EU Program "Ideas" (ERC-2012-StG 310898). ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. We are grateful to all the participating families in the six countries who took part in this study. Vrijheid, M (reprint author), Inst Global Hlth Barcelona, ISGlobal, C Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain, Univ Pompeu Fabra, Placa Merce 10, Barcelona 08002, Spain, CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Ave Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain. martine.vrijheid@isglobal.org

Published
2019
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2. Association between Lean and Fat Mass and Indicators of Bone Health in Prepubertal Caucasian Children

Author

Angelo Tremblay, Mélanie Henderson, Nathalie Alos, Marie Lambert, Khady Kâ, Belinda Nicolau, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Marie-Claude Rousseau, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Oral Health and Society Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, CHU Ste Justine, Institut National de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec [Canada] (INSPQ), Département de médecine sociale et préventive, and Université de Montréal (UdeM)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Bone density, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Osteoporosis, MESH: Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone and Bones, Absorptiometry, Photon, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Endocrinology, Bone Density, MESH: Child, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, MESH: Bone Density, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Adiposity, MESH: Adiposity, Bone mineral, Bone growth, MESH: Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Body Weight, MESH: Bone and Bones, medicine.disease, Obesity, MESH: Male, MESH: Body Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adipose Tissue, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Lean body mass, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Adipose Tissue
Abstract

Background/Aims: Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for bone growth. The independent association between lean and fat mass and indicators of bone health in children is not yet known. We aim to examine the association between each of lean and fat mass and indicators of bone health in 8- to 10-year-old prepubertal Caucasian children. Methods: We present a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort which study the natural history of obesity. Study participants (n = 483) included prepubertal children aged 8-10 years and their biological parents. Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC, g), bone area (cm2), bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2), lean mass (kg), and fat mass (kg) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data analyses include multiple linear regressions adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results: A 1-kg increase in lean mass was associated with 28.42 g, 19.88 cm2, and 0.007 g/cm2 increase in whole-body BMC, bone area and BMD respectively. A 1-kg increase in fat mass was associated with 9.32 g, 8.02 cm2, and 0.002 g/cm2 increase in whole-body BMC, bone area and BMD, respectively. Conclusion: Increasing lean mass in children may help optimize bone acquisition and prevent future osteoporosis.

Published
2013
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3. Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity

Author

Stéphane Cauchi, Cécile Lecoeur, Peter Kovacs, Jacques Weill, Jérôme Delplanque, Pierre Bougnères, Claire Levy-Marchal, Vincent Vatin, Wieland Kiess, Serge Hercberg, Sophie Gallina, Emmanuelle Durand, Lena M. S. Carlsson, Jean-Claude Chèvre, Emmanuel Vaillant, Natascha Potoczna, Beverley Balkau, Antje Körner, Catherine Le Stunff, Juan Ruiz, François Pattou, Fritz F. Horber, David Meyre, Philippe Froguel, Michel Marre, Peter Jacobson, Christian Dina, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie de Lille (IBL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Développement artériel, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Projets Industriels, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Synthèses, de Procédés et d'Ingénierie Chimiques d'Aix-Marseille (LIPI - ENSSPICAM), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3, Centro de Estudios en Semiconductores (C.E.S.), Dpto. Física, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratoire de chimie organique et organométallique (LCOO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'endocrinologie pédiatrique [CHU Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ESPCI ParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Dr. Horber Adipositas Stiftung, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 et de ses complications vasculaires ((U 695)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et nutrition [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et métabolique, Section of Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, Genome Centre, Imperial College London-Hammersmith campus, Institut de biologie de Lille - UMS 3702 (IBL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lille-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie de Lille ( IBL ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), Physique, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 ( CPT ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Projets Industriels, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Synthèses, de Procédés et d'Ingénierie Chimiques d'Aix-Marseille ( LIPI - ENSSPICAM ), Universidad de Los Andes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas ( UNICAMP ), Laboratoire de chimie organique et organométallique ( LCOO ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 ( CPT ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ) -Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées ( LI2C ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle ( UREN ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 et de ses complications vasculaires, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
Male, MESH: Introns, Variation (Genetics), FTO gene, Body Mass Index, MESH: Variation (Genetics), Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, SH2B1, MESH: Child, MESH: Obesity, MESH : Female, Age of Onset, [ SDV.GEN.GH ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Child, MESH: Cohort Studies, Adiposity, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Variation (Genetics), Genetics of obesity, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH : Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, INSIG2, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH : Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Single Nucleotide, MESH : Adult, Middle Aged, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH : Age of Onset, Europe, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO, Body Composition, MESH : Obesity, Female, Human, Adult, MESH : Case-Control Studies, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Male, MESH : Body Composition, MESH: Age of Onset, MESH : Europe, MESH : Cohort Studies, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, MESH : Introns, Chromosomes, Childhood obesity, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adiposity, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Obesity, Polymorphism, MESH: Adiposity, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Pair 16, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Body Composition, medicine.disease, Introns, MESH: Male, MESH : Body Mass Index, Endocrinology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Case-Control Studies, Attributable risk, MESH : Genetic Predisposition to Disease, MESH: Europe, MESH: Female, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Abstract

The authors identified a set of SNPs in the first intron of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene on chromosome 16q12.2 that is consistently strongly associated with early-onset and severe obesity in both adults and children of European ancestry with an experiment-wise P value of 1.67 x 10(-26) in 2,900 affected individuals and 5,100 controls. The at-risk haplotype yields a proportion of attributable risk of 22% for common obesity. They conclude that FTO contributes to human obesity and hence may be a target for subsequent functional analyses.

Published
2007
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4. Developmental androgen excess disrupts reproduction and energy homeostasis in adult male mice

Author

Matthew S. Meyers, Mathieu Ferron, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Aurélie Waget, Kazunari Nohara, Suhuan Liu, Gerard Karsenty, Rémy Burcelin, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Center on Obesity, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University [New York], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Division of Endocrinology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, and Simon, Marie Francoise

Subjects
Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MESH: Neurons, White adipose tissue, Androgen Excess, MESH: Hypogonadism, Energy homeostasis, MESH: Animals, Newborn, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, MESH: Behavior, Animal, MESH: Obesity, Testosterone, MESH: Animals, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins, Adiposity, Neurons, Kisspeptins, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Animal, MESH: Kisspeptins, Leptin, MESH: Energy Metabolism, Polycystic ovary, MESH: Motor Activity, MESH: Environmental Pollutants, Androgens, MESH: Androgens, Environmental Pollutants, medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, Hypothalamus, MESH: Testosterone, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Motor Activity, Biology, MESH: Infertility, Male, Article, MESH: Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal, 03 medical and health sciences, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Obesity, MESH: Mice, Infertility, Male, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adiposity, Hypogonadism, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, MESH: Hypothalamus, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal, MESH: Male, Animals, Newborn, MESH: Gonadotropins, Energy Metabolism, Gonadotropins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age and is believed to have a developmental origin in which gestational androgenization programs reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in offspring. During gestation, both male and female fetuses are exposed to potential androgen excess. In this study, we determined the consequences of developmental androgenization in male mice exposed to neonatal testosterone (NTM). Adult NTM displayed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with decreased serum testosterone and gonadotropin concentrations. Hypothalamic KiSS1 neurons are believed to be critical to the onset of puberty and are the target of leptin. Adult NTM exhibited lower hypothalamicKiss1expression and a failure of leptin to upregulateKiss1expression. NTM displayed an early reduction in lean mass, decreased locomotor activity, and decreased energy expenditure. They displayed a delayed increase in subcutaneous white adipose tissue amounts. Thus, excessive neonatal androgenization disrupts reproduction and energy homeostasis and predisposes to hypogonadism and obesity in adult male mice.

Published
2013
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5. Physical activity patterns over 10 years in relation to body mass index and waist circumference: the Whitehall II cohort study

Author

Joshua A. Bell, T Akbaraly, M J Shipley, Eric J. Brunner, George David Batty, Mark Hamer, Mika Kivimäki, Archana Singh-Manoux, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The Whitehall II study has been supported by grants from the Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Health and Safety Executive,Department of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL36310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (R01AG013196, R01AG034454), US, NIH, Agency forHealth Care Policy Research (HS06516), John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economicStatus and Health. MH, EJB and MJS are supported by the British Heart Foundation (RE/10/005/28296) and (RG/07/008/23674), MK is supported by the MedicalResearch Council (K013351), the Academy of Finland and an ESRC professorial fellowship, GDB was a Wellcome Trust Research Fellow during the preparation of thismanuscript, AS-M is supported by a ‘‘EURYI’’ award from the European Science Foundation., SZTAJNBOK, Pascale, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Food Habits, MESH: Energy Intake, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, MESH: Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Adiposity, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, 16. Peace & justice, Circumference, MESH: Motor Activity, MESH: Waist Circumference, MESH: Weight Gain, Female, medicine.symptom, Waist Circumference, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Physical activity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Motor Activity, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Physical therapy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Energy Intake, Weight gain, Body mass index, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; Physical activity patterns over 10-years in relation to changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were examined. Participants (4,880, mean age 49.3 years at baseline) from the Whitehall II cohort study were included. Self-reported physical activity and anthropometric data were collected at baseline (1991) and twice during follow-up (1997 and 2002). At baseline, meeting established guidelines for physical activity, particularly through vigorous activity, was associated with lower WC (multivariable adjusted B compared to not meeting the guidelines -2.08 cm, 95% CI, -1.39, -0.75) and BMI (-0.34 kg/m(2) , -0.10, -0.59). Based on repeat data, "high adherence" to the guidelines compared to "rare adherence" over follow-up was associated with lower BMI (adjusted difference, -0.43 kg/m(2) , 95% CI, -0.79, -0.08) and WC (-2.50 cm, 95% CI, -3.46, -1.54) at follow-up. Compared to participants that remained stable between 1997 and 2002 (change of

Published
2013
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6. [Nuclear receptors REVERBα and REVERBβ set the clock]

Author

Teboul, Michèle, Delaunay, Franck, Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer (ISBDC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH: Circadian Clocks, MESH: Humans, MESH: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1, MESH: Energy Metabolism, MESH: Models, Biological, MESH: Energy Intake, MESH: Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, MESH: Mice, Knockout, MESH: Hypothalamus, MESH: Repressor Proteins, MESH: Homeostasis, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, MESH: Circadian Rhythm, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Mice, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Lipid Metabolism
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012
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7. Control of metabolism by nutrient-regulated nuclear receptors acting in the brain

Author

Janne Prawitt, Kadiombo Bantubungi, Bart Staels, Récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabète - U 1011 (RNMCD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), and Derudas, Marie-Hélène

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, nuclear receptors, Type 2 diabetes, Disease, MESH: Energy Intake, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Energy homeostasis, MESH: Autonomic Nervous System, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, MESH: PPAR alpha, Adiposity, Liver X Receptors, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Energy Metabolism, Orphan Nuclear Receptors, 3. Good health, MESH: Orphan Nuclear Receptors, Molecular Medicine, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Rats, brain, MESH: Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1, Context (language use), Biology, Autonomic Nervous System, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, Humans, PPAR alpha, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Obesity, Liver X receptor, Molecular Biology, energy homeostasis, MESH: Mice, Dyslipidemias, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Humans, MESH: Dyslipidemias, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Rats, PPAR gamma, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Nuclear receptor, MESH: PPAR gamma, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Dyslipidemia
Abstract

International audience; Today, we are witnessing a rising incidence of obesity worldwide. This increase is due to a sedentary life style, an increased caloric intake and a decrease in physical activity. Obesity contributes to the appearance of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications due to atherosclerosis, and nephropathy. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies may become a necessity. Given the metabolism controlling properties of nuclear receptors in peripheral organs (such as liver, adipose tissues, pancreas) and their implication in various processes underlying metabolic diseases, they constitute interesting therapeutic targets for obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The recent identification of the central nervous system as a player in the control of peripheral metabolism opens new avenues to our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes and potential novel ways to treat these diseases. While the metabolic functions of nuclear receptors in peripheral organs have been extensively investigated, little is known about their functions in the brain, in particular with respect to brain control of energy homeostasis. This review provides an overview of the relationships between nuclear receptors in the brain, mainly at the hypothalamic level, and the central regulation of energy homeostasis. In this context, we will particularly focus on the role of PPARα, PPARγ, LXR and Rev-erbα.

Published
2012
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8. Ten-year diabetes incidence in 1046 HIV-infected patients started on a combination antiretroviral treatment

Author

Capeau , Jacqueline, Bouteloup , Vincent, Katlama , Christine, Bastard , Jean-Philippe, Guiyedi , Vincent, Salmon-Ceron , Dominique, Protopopescu , Camelia, Leport , Catherine, Raffi , Francois, Chêne , Geneviève, Michelet , Christian, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine ( CR Saint-Antoine ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Epidémiologie, stratégies thérapeutiques et virologie cliniques dans l'infection à VIH, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Modèles et méthodes de l'évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de médecine interne et centre de référence des maladies rares [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - AMU - IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail ( Irset ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] ( EHESP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Inserm, Collège des Universitaires de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (CMIT ex APPIT), Sidaction Ensemble contre le Sida, associated pharmaceutical companies: Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead Sciences, Pfizer and Roche., ANRS CO8 APROCO-COPILOTE Cohort Study Group, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Modèles et méthodes de l'évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques (U738 / UMR_S738), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Male, MESH : Prospective Studies, MESH: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, MESH: Proportional Hazards Models, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH : Stavudine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Odds Ratio, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, MESH : Female, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, Prospective cohort study, Lipoatrophy, Didanosine, MESH: Cohort Studies, Adiposity, MESH : Didanosine, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Waist-Hip Ratio, Hazard ratio, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH : Risk Factors, MESH : Incidence, 3. Good health, MESH : Diabetes Mellitus, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Didanosine, Cohort, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, diabetes mellitus, Female, medicine.drug, HIV infections, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Diabetes Mellitus, lipodystrophy, stavudine, Anti-HIV Agents, MESH : Male, Immunology, MESH: Stavudine, MESH : Cohort Studies, MESH : Waist-Hip Ratio, [ SDV.MP.VIR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adiposity, Internal medicine, MESH : HIV Infections, Humans, MESH : Indinavir, MESH : Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Humans, Waist-Hip Ratio, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, MESH: Indinavir, MESH : Anti-HIV Agents, MESH : Humans, indinavir, MESH: Adult, MESH : Follow-Up Studies, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH : Proportional Hazards Models, MESH : Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH : Body Mass Index, MESH : Odds Ratio, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and determinants of diabetes in a cohort of HIV-infected adults initiated with combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in 1997-1999 and followed up to 2009. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1046 patients at 47 French clinical sites. METHODS: Potential determinants of diabetes occurrence, defined by confirmed increased glycemia and/or initiation of antidiabetic treatment, were assessed by a proportional hazards model, including time-updated metabolic parameters and ART exposure. RESULTS: Among the cohort, representing 7846 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 54% received indinavir, 75% stavudine and 52% didanosine. Overall, 111 patients developed diabetes, with an incidence of 14.1/1000 PYFU (14.6 in men, 12.6 in women). Incidence peaked in 1999-2000 (23.2/1000 PYFU) and decreased thereafter. The incidence of diabetes was associated [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), all P30 kg/m(2)), waist-to-hip ratio (hazard ratio = 3.87 for ≥0.97 male/0.92 female), time-updated lipoatrophy (hazard ratio = 2.14) and short-term exposure to indinavir (0-1 year: hazard ratio = 2.53), stavudine (0-1 year: hazard ratio = 2.56, 1-2 years: hazard ratio = 2.65) or didanosine (2-3 years: hazard ratio = 3.16). Occurrence of diabetes was not associated with HIV-related markers, hepatitis C, hypertension or family history of diabetes. Insulin resistance was predictive for incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort, followed for 10 years after cART initiation, diabetes incidence peaked in 1990-2000, was markedly higher than that reported for European uninfected or other HIV-infected populations (4-6/1000 PYFU) and linked with age and adiposity. Adiposity and glycemic markers should be monitored in aging HIV-infected patients.

Published
2012
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9. Postprandial Nutrient Partitioning but Not Energy Expenditure Is Modified in Growing Rats during Adaptation to a High-Protein Diet

Author

Daniel Tomé, Claire Gaudichon, Patrick C. Even, Gilles Fromentin, Dalila Azzout-Marniche, Magdalena Stepien, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Dietary Carbohydrates, MESH: Oxidation-Reduction, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, MESH: Dietary Proteins, Medicine (miscellaneous), High-protein diet, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Protein oxidation, medicine.disease_cause, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Ingestion, Urea, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, Adiposity, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Energy Metabolism, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Postprandial Period, MESH: Body Temperature Regulation, Postprandial, MESH: Dietary Fats, Lipogenesis, MESH: Postprandial Period, Dietary Proteins, MESH: Calorimetry, Indirect, Oxidation-Reduction, Body Temperature Regulation, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Rats, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Lipid oxidation, Internal medicine, medicine, Dietary Carbohydrates, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Obesity, Rats, Wistar, MESH: Urea, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Lipogenesis, Calorimetry, Indirect, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Rats, Wistar, Carbohydrate, Dietary Fats, MESH: Male, Rats, Endocrinology, chemistry, Energy Metabolism, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; It has been suggested that high-protein (HP) diets may favor weight management by lowering energy intake and reducing body fat. Whether these effects result from changes in energy metabolism remains unclear. We measured the adaptation of energy metabolism components during 2 wk of HP feeding. Fifty male Wistar rats were switched from a control diet to an HP diet (14 and 55% of protein, respectively) for 1, 3, 6, or 14 d. Energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry in feed-deprived rats and after consumption of a test meal. EE components, including the thermic effect of feeding and activity, were not modified during adaptation to an HP diet. Nutrient oxidation in feed-deprived rats was not affected by HP feeding, except for an early increase in protein oxidation. After 1 d, the postprandial inhibition of lipid oxidation (Lox) was blunted, carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation decreased by one-half, and urea clearance decreased by 66%. Thereafter, CHO oxidation gradually rose, resulting in a null CHO balance. Lox and urea clearance recovered after 3 d of adaptation to an HP diet, while protein oxidation reached a plateau. The postprandial oxidation of CHO counterbalanced the amount of ingested CHO as soon as 3 d, leading to a null postprandial CHO balance. We conclude that the inhibition of de novo lipogenesis from dietary CHO, but not EE and Lox, may participate in limiting the adiposity induced by HP feeding. The transient changes occurring during the period of adaptation to the diet highlight that the duration of the diet is critical in HP diet studies.

Published
2010
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10. Differentially-expressed genes in pig Longissimus muscles with contrasting levels of fat, as identified by combined transcriptomic, reverse transcription PCR, and proteomic analyses

Author

Annie Vincent, Patrick Ecolan, Nathalie Guitton, Florence Gondret, Jingshun Liu, Marie Damon, Isabelle Guisle, Pierre Cherel, Systèmes d'Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Plate-forme protéomique [Rennes], Plateforme Génomique Santé Biogenouest®, Physiopathologie et pharmacologie cellulaires et moléculaires, Université de Nantes (UN)-IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INRA, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Proteomics, pig, Swine, Muscle Proteins, Transcriptome, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene expression, MESH: Animals, MESH: Swine, Adiposity, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, MESH: Meat, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Muscle, Skeletal, Adipogenesis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Proteomics, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Lipids, proteome analysis, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Longissimus, Female, Intramuscular fat, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, microarray, Meat, Marbled meat, Biology, intramuscular fat, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Muscle Proteins, Animals, Muscle, Skeletal, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adiposity, Gene Expression Profiling, 0402 animal and dairy science, General Chemistry, 040201 dairy & animal science, MESH: Lipids, Gene expression profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, MESH: Adipogenesis, MESH: Female, Longissimus muscle
Abstract

International audience; Intramuscular fat content is important for many meat quality parameters. This work is aimed at identifying functional categories of genes associated with natural variation among individuals in intramuscular fat content to help the design of genetic schemes for high marbling potential. Taking advantage of the global nature of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies, 40 genes were identified as differently expressed between high fat and low fat pig Longissimus muscles at slaughter weight. They are involved in metabolic processes, cell communication, binding, and response to stimulus. Using real-time PCR in muscle biopsies taken earlier in the fattening period, the group with a high intramuscular fat content was also characterized by the down-expression of genes playing a negative role in adipogenesis, such as architectural transcription factor high-motility hook A1, mitogen activated protein-kinase14, and cyclin D1. These results suggest that interindividual variability in intramuscular fat content might arise essentially from differences in early adipogenesis.

Published
2009
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11. Bone marrow fat accumulation after 60 days of bed rest persisted 1 year after activities were resumed along with hemopoietic stimulation: the Women International Space Simulation for Exploration study

Author

Martin Lecompte, Michael W C Payne, Stéphane Blanc, Burkhard Mädler, Nanthan Ramachandran, Hans K. Uhthoff, Guy Trudel, Gianni Biolo, Richard L. Hughson, Lisa Bear, Charles E. Wade, Trudel, G, Payne, M, Mädler, B, Ramachandran, N, Lecompte, M, Wade, C, Biolo, Gianni, Blanc, S, Hughson, R, Bear, L, Uhthoff, Hk, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Department of Clinical Morphological and Technological Sciences, University of Trieste, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], and Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant BRS67811 European Space Agency

Subjects
Reticulocytes, Time Factors, Physiology, Neutrophils, medicine.medical_treatment, International Cooperation, MESH: Hematopoiesis, bed rest, MESH: Neutrophils, Bed rest, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Head-Down Tilt, Hemoglobins, Leukocyte Count, MESH: Lumbar Vertebrae, 0302 clinical medicine, Bone Marrow, magnetic resonance imaging, Platelet, Lymphocytes, Prospective Studies, Adiposity, 0303 health sciences, Lumbar Vertebrae, medicine.diagnostic_test, Leptin, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Bone Marrow Examination, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Hemoglobins, Bone, fat accumulation, recovery, Female, MESH: Bone Marrow, erythropoietin, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, leukocytes, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, MESH: Bed Rest, MESH: Space Flight, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Head-Down Tilt, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, MESH: Erythropoietin, MESH: Weightlessness Simulation, Weightlessness Simulation, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Bone Marrow Examination, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Adult, Space Flight, MESH: Reticulocytes, MESH: Prospective Studies, Hematopoiesis, Bone marrow examination, Red blood cell, MESH: International Cooperation, Endocrinology, Erythropoietin, MESH: Leukocyte Count, erythrocytes, Women's Health, MESH: Lymphocytes, Hemoglobin, Bone marrow, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, MESH: Women's Health, MESH: Female, Bed Rest
Abstract

Immobility in bed and decreased mobility cause adaptations to most human body systems. The effect of immobility on fat accumulation in hemopoietic bone marrow has never been measured prospectively. The reversibility of marrow fat accumulation and the effects on hemopoiesis are not known. In the present study, 24 healthy women (age: 25–40 yr) underwent −6° head-down bed rest for 60 days. We used MRI to noninvasively measure the lumbar vertebral fat fraction at various time points. We also measured hemoglobin, erythropoietin, reticulocytes, leukocytes, platelet count, peripheral fat mass, leptin, cortisol, and C-reactive protein during bed rest and for 1 yr after bed rest ended. Compared with baseline, the mean (± SE) fat fraction was increased after 60 days of bed rest (+2.5 ± 1.1%, P < 0.05); the increase persisted 1 yr after the resumption of regular activities (+2.3 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05). Mean hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased 6 days after bed rest ended (−1.36 ± 0.20 g/dl, P < 0.05) but had recovered at 1 yr, with significantly lower mean circulating erythropoietin levels (−3.8 ± 1.2 mU/ml, P < 0.05). Mean numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes remained significantly elevated at 1 yr (+617 ± 218 neutrophils/μl and +498 ± 112 lymphocytes/μl, both P < 0.05). These results constitute direct evidence that bed rest irreversibly accelerated fat accumulation in hemopoietic bone marrow. The 2.5% increase in fat fraction after 60 days of bed rest was 25-fold larger than expected from historical ambulatory controls. Sixty days of bed rest accelerated by 4 yr the normal bone marrow involution. Bed rest and marrow adiposity were associated with hemopoietic stimulation. One year after subjects returned to normal activities, hemoglobin levels were maintained, with 43% lower circulating erythropoietin levels, and leukocytes remained significantly elevated across lineages. Lack of mobility alters hemopoiesis, possibly through marrow fat accumulation, with potentially wide-ranging clinical consequences.

Published
2009
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12. In vivo evidence for a role of adipose tissue SR-BI in the nutritional and hormonal regulation of adiposity and cholesterol homeostasis

Author

Georges Dagher, Alexandre Bobard, Florence Massiera, Laurent Yvan-Charvet, Xavier Rousset, Pascal Ferré, Michèle Teboul, Gérard Ailhaud, Pascale Bossard, Annie Quignard-Boulangé, Pathologies nutritionnelles et métaboliques : obésité et diabète, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR58-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer (ISBDC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Metabolisme et Differenciation Intestinale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, medicine.medical_treatment, Angiotensinogen, Adipose tissue, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, White adipose tissue, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Eating, Eating, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Cholesterol, Adipocytes, Homeostasis, Insulin, MESH: Animals, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Adiposity, Liver X Receptors, Epididymis, 0303 health sciences, Angiotensin II, Scavenger Receptors, Class B, Orphan Nuclear Receptors, DNA-Binding Proteins, Protein Transport, Cholesterol, Adipose Tissue, MESH: Homeostasis, Lipogenesis, MESH: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), MESH: Angiotensin II, MESH: Cholesterol, HDL, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, MESH: Adipose Tissue, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1, MESH: Triglycerides, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Protein Transport, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, Adipose tissue macrophages, MESH: Epididymis, MESH: Angiotensinogen, Mice, Transgenic, MESH: Insulin, Biology, MESH: Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, Internal medicine, 3T3-L1 Cells, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, RNA, Messenger, Liver X receptor, MESH: Mice, Triglycerides, MESH: Adipocytes, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: RNA, Messenger, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Lipogenesis, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, Cell Membrane, Cholesterol, HDL, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: 3T3-L1 Cells, MESH: Male, MESH: Scavenger Receptors, Class B, Endocrinology, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, MESH: DNA-Binding Proteins, Lipoprotein, MESH: Cell Membrane
Abstract

Objectives— This study examines the role of insulin and angiotensin II in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism by focusing on the regulation and function of scavenger receptor type-BI (SR-BI) in adipose tissue. Methods and Results— Insulin or angiotensin II injection in wild-type mice induced a decrease in circulating HDL and it was associated with the translocation of SR-BI from intracellular sites to the plasma membrane of adipose tissue. Refeeding upregulated adipose HDL selective cholesteryl esters uptake and SR-BI proteins through transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. This occurred along with a decrease in serum HDL and an increase in adipose cholesterol content. Similar results were obtained with transgenic mice overexpressing locally angiotensinogen in adipose tissue. In adipose 3T3-L1 cell line, HDL induced lipogenesis by increasing liver X receptor binding activity. This mechanism was dependent of insulin and angiotensin II. Conclusions— Our results raise the possibility that adipose tissue SR-BI translocation might be a link between adipose tissue lipid storage and HDL clearance.

Published
2007
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13. Involvement of cholecystokinin 2 receptor in food intake regulation: hyperphagia and increased fat deposition in cholecystokinin 2 receptor-deficient mice

Author

Claude Knauf, Rémy Burcelin, Philippe Valet, Hubert Lulka, Stéphanie Broussaud, Pascal Clerc, Maria Gràcia Coll Constans, Daniel Fourmy, Christian Carpéné, Charlotte Guigné, Catherine Seva, Luc Pénicaud, Stéphane Leung-Theung-Long, Marlène Dufresne, Christophe Perrin, Biologie et Pathologie Digestive, IFR 31 Louis Bugnard (IFR 31), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Animal Facility , Institut Fédératif de Recherche 31, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de recherche sur les obésités, Neurobiologie, plasticité tissulaire et métabolisme énergétique (NPTME), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Simon, Marie Francoise

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Mice, Obese, Cholecystokinin receptor, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Glucose homeostasis, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Animals, Receptor, MESH: Mice, Obese, Adiposity, Cholecystokinin, Mice, Knockout, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, MESH: Energy Metabolism, MESH: Motor Activity, Cholecystokinin B receptor, Ghrelin, MESH: Hyperphagia, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Glucose Tolerance Test, Hyperphagia, Motor Activity, Biology, MESH: Receptor, Cholecystokinin B, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Orexigenic, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Obesity, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adiposity, Appetite Regulation, Body Weight, Glucose Tolerance Test, medicine.disease, Receptor, Cholecystokinin B, MESH: Male, MESH: Body Weight, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Blood Glucose, Energy Metabolism, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Appetite Regulation
Abstract

International audience; The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) as a satiety factor has been extensively documented. Although most work implies that CCK1 receptor mediates the control of food intake, a contributing role for CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) in the CCK-induced satiety cannot be totally excluded. The hypothesis that CCK2R invalidation disrupts regulatory pathways with impact on feeding behavior was examined in CCK2R(-/-) mice. CCK2R(-/-) mice developed obesity that was associated with hyperphagia. Obesity was related with increased fat deposition resulting from adipocyte hypertrophy. Expression of several adipokines was dysregulated consistently with obesity. Moreover, obesity was associated with disturbed glucose homeostasis as revealed by increased fasting glycemia and insulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hepatic insulin resistance in CCK2R(-/-) mice. In vitro analysis of isolated adipocytes metabolism was consistent with increased storage but preserved insulin sensitivity. Suppression of feeding and concomitant increased expression of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin after intracerebroventricular injection of gastrin into control mice demonstrates that hypothalamic CCK2 receptors mediate inhibition of food intake. Comparative analysis of hypothalamic mediator gene expression in fed knockout and control mice demonstrated overexpression of ghrelin receptors in CCK2R(-/-) mice, indicating up-regulation of orexigenic pathways. This effect was also observed after body weight normalization, indicating a causative role in the development of hyperphagia and obesity of CCK2R(-/-) mice. Our results give evidence that CCK2 receptor activity plays a contributing regulatory role in the control of food intake.

Published
2007
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14. Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation

Author

Sander M. Houten, Antonio C. Bianco, Brian W. Kim, Johan Auwerx, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Nadia Messaddeq, Chikage Mataki, John W. Harney, Kristina Schoonjans, Marcelo A. Christoffolete, Mitsuhiro Watanabe, Osamu Ezaki, Hiroyuki Sato, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Paediatric Metabolic Diseases, and Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases

Subjects
MESH: Muscle Cells, MESH: Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, MESH: Carbon Dioxide, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Cyclic AMP, Homeostasis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Oxygen Consumption, Receptor, MESH: Cyclic AMP, Adiposity, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Muscle, Skeletal, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Energy Metabolism, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Liver, MESH: Homeostasis, MESH: Dietary Fats, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Small heterodimer partner, MESH: Cholic Acid, Signal transduction, Thyroid Hormones, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Iodide Peroxidase, education, Cholic Acid, MESH: Bile Acids and Salts, Biology, Iodide Peroxidase, MESH: Adipose Tissue, Brown, Bile Acids and Salts, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Thyroid Hormones, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adiposity, Muscle Cells, MESH: Humans, FGF15, Body Weight, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Carbon Dioxide, Dietary Fats, MESH: Body Weight, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Nuclear receptor, MESH: Gene Deletion, Iodothyronine deiodinase, Farnesoid X receptor, Energy Metabolism, Gene Deletion, MESH: Liver
Abstract

International audience; While bile acids (BAs) have long been known to be essential in dietary lipid absorption and cholesterol catabolism, in recent years an important role for BAs as signalling molecules has emerged. BAs activate mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, are ligands for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) TGR5 and activate nuclear hormone receptors such as farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXR-alpha; NR1H4). FXR-alpha regulates the enterohepatic recycling and biosynthesis of BAs by controlling the expression of genes such as the short heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) that inhibits the activity of other nuclear receptors. The FXR-alpha-mediated SHP induction also underlies the downregulation of the hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein production mediated by sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c. This indicates that BAs might be able to function beyond the control of BA homeostasis as general metabolic integrators. Here we show that the administration of BAs to mice increases energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue, preventing obesity and resistance to insulin. This novel metabolic effect of BAs is critically dependent on induction of the cyclic-AMP-dependent thyroid hormone activating enzyme type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) because it is lost in D2-/- mice. Treatment of brown adipocytes and human skeletal myocytes with BA increases D2 activity and oxygen consumption. These effects are independent of FXR-alpha, and instead are mediated by increased cAMP production that stems from the binding of BAs with the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5. In both rodents and humans, the most thermogenically important tissues are specifically targeted by this mechanism because they coexpress D2 and TGR5. The BA-TGR5-cAMP-D2 signalling pathway is therefore a crucial mechanism for fine-tuning energy homeostasis that can be targeted to improve metabolic control.

Published
2006
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15. Several anthropometric measurements and breast cancer risk: results of the E3N cohort study

Author

Bertrand Tehard, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Clavel-Chapelon, F., Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention (E3N), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and The E3N study is supporting financially by the French League against Cancer, the European Community, the 3M Company, the Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, the Gustave Roussy Institute and the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research.

Subjects
MESH: Reproductive History, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Overweight, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, MESH: Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, skin and connective tissue diseases, Reproductive History, Adiposity, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Aged, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Middle Aged, Anthropometry, Obstetrics, Hormone replacement therapy (menopause), Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Postmenopause, MESH: Premenopause, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, medicine.symptom, MESH: Postmenopause, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Article, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Anthropometry, MESH: Body Height, Humans, Obesity, MESH: Body Constitution, Risk factor, Aged, MESH: Adiposity, Gynecology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Body Height, Premenopause, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Body Constitution, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Epidemiologic Methods, business, Body mass index, MESH: Female, MESH: Breast Neoplasms
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between various anthropometric characteristics and breast cancer. Design: Longitudinal prospective cohort study. Follow-up between 1995 and 2000. Subjects: In total, 69 116 women (age: 45–70 years; mean follow-up: 3.6 years), 275 premenopausal and 860 postmenopausal incident invasive breast cancers. Measurements: Self-reported height, weight, breast, thorax, waist and hip circumferences and calculated body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) at baseline. Results: A slight increase in risk with increasing height was found. Weight, BMI, thorax and waist circumferences and WHR were negatively related to breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. The relationships became non significant after additional adjustment for BMI. An increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer with an android body shape (WHR>0.87) might possibly be confined to obese women. Among postmenopausal women, all anthropometric measurements of corpulence were positively associated with breast cancer risk but became non significant after additional adjustment for BMI. No difference in risk of postmenopausal breast cancer according to HRT use was observed. Conclusion: The study confirmed that adiposity was negatively associated to premenopausal breast cancer risk and positively associated to postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Further studies will be needed to specify clearly the association between WHR and breast cancer risk, particularly before menopause.

Published
2006
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16. Anthropometric relationships between parents and children throughout childhood: the Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé Study

Author

Barbara Heude, Marie-Aline Charles, Jean-Michel Borys, Pierre Ducimetière, Adrien Kettaneh, R Rakotovao, Jean-Louis Bresson, Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC Necker Enfants Malades (CIC 9303), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Association Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé (FLVS), Kaniewski, Nadine, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé Association, Association Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Gerontology, Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Fathers, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Birth Weight, MESH: Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Familial correlation, Adiposity, Nutrition and Dietetics, MESH: Nuclear Family, Anthropometry, Age Factors, Nutritional status, MESH: Mothers, Pedigree, Child, Preschool, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Pedigree, Mothers, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Nuclear Family, Fat mass, MESH: Fathers, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anthropometry, MESH: Body Height, medicine, Humans, Obesity, MESH: Birth Weight, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, Body Weight, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Adult, Body Height, MESH: Male, MESH: Body Weight, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The study of parent-child anthropometric relationships and their evolution over time may help to better understand familial risk factors for childhood obesity. METHODS: In a population-based cohort of 124 nuclear families (Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Sant?tudy (FLVS) I and II), various anthropometric parameters were measured in both parents and their children, first when the children were prepubescent and again at the end of puberty. Troncular adiposity repartition was estimated by calculating troncular to peripheral skinfolds ratio and waist-to-hip circumferences ratio. Birth and infancy heights and weights were also obtained from the children's health booklets. Parent-child correlations were estimated in infancy, before and at the end of the child's puberty. A prospective analysis was performed to predict the changes in the children's measurements over puberty according to their parents' corresponding baseline values. RESULTS: BMI and weight correlations at birth were high (>0.30) with the mother and low (

Published
2005
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17. Microarray analysis of differential gene expression in the liver of lean and fat chickens

Author

Annabelle Monnier, Sandrine Lagarrigue, Jean Mosser, Frédéric Hérault, Sirine Assaf, Wilfrid Carré, Emmanuelle Bourneuf, Madeleine Douaire, Céline Chicault, Christian Diot, Stéphanie Mottier, Génétique Animale (GARen), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Plate-forme transcriptome, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), IFR140-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)

Subjects
Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CYP2C, Adipose tissue, Expression, MESH: Down-Regulation, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene expression, MESH: Up-Regulation, MESH: Animals, Adiposity, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 0303 health sciences, Differential display, CHICKENS, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Chickens, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Chicken, Up-Regulation, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Fatty acid synthase, Biochemistry, Liver, Lipogenesis, GENE EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, Down-Regulation, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Thinness, Internal medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, RNA, Messenger, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adiposity, MESH: RNA, Messenger, MESH: Thinness, Sterol response element binding, Gene Expression Profiling, 0402 animal and dairy science, Reproducibility of Results, 040201 dairy & animal science, MESH: Male, Gene expression profiling, Endocrinology, Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, biology.protein, MESH: Liver
Abstract

International audience; Excessive adiposity has become a major drawback in meat-type chicken production. However, few studies were conducted to analyze the liver expression of genes involved in pathways and mechanisms leading to adiposity. A previous study performed by differential display on RNAs extracted from chicken livers from lean and fat lines allowed us to isolate cDNA products of genes with putative differential expression. In this study, a cDNA microarray resource was developed from these products together with cDNAs from genes involved in or related to lipid metabolism. This resource was used to analyze gene expression in the liver from lean and fat chickens. Some genes were found with a difference in expression between lean and fat animals and/or correlated to adipose tissue weight. Cytochrome P450 2C45, thought to play a role in biotransformation of steroids and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, was more expressed in lean chickens whereas fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, sterol response element binding factor 1 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, respectively involved in lipogenesis and its regulation, were more expressed in fat chickens. These results indicate that mechanisms involved in the expression and regulation of lipogenic genes could play a key role in fatness ontogenesis in chickens from lean and fat lines.

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