1. High resolution 3T fMRI in anesthetized monkeys
- Author
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Bernard Bioulac, Franck Lamberton, Christian E. Gross, Thomas Boraud, Romaric Saulnier, Bernard Mazoyer, Alan R. Young, Palma Pro-Sistiaga, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIP Cyceron (Cyceron), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle (GIN - UMR 5296), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Baufreton, Jérôme, and Hal, GIN
- Subjects
Male ,MESH: Echo-Planar Imaging ,Photic Stimulation ,[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,Signal-To-Noise Ratio ,Macaque ,MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Stereotaxic Techniques ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,MESH: Animals ,Anesthesia ,Visual Cortex ,Echo-planar imaging ,Visual stimulation ,biology ,Echo-Planar Imaging ,General Neuroscience ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,MESH: Atracurium ,MESH: Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,MESH: Photic Stimulation ,Anesthetics, Inhalation ,Atracurium ,MESH: Oxygen ,medicine.drug ,Methyl Ethers ,MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques ,Image processing ,MESH: Anesthesia ,MESH: Macaca mulatta ,3 T magnet ,Sevoflurane ,MESH: Methyl Ethers ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,MESH: Signal-To-Noise Ratio ,business.industry ,[SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,MESH: Visual Cortex ,Methodology ,Reproducibility of Results ,Macaca mulatta ,MESH: Male ,Oxygen ,Primary sensory areas ,Functional imaging ,Stereotaxic technique ,Anesthetic ,Feasibility Studies ,business ,MESH: Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ,MESH: Feasibility Studies ,Neuroscience ,MESH: Anesthetics, Inhalation ,Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ,BOLD - Abstract
International audience; Although there are numerous 3 T MRI research devices all over the world, only a few functional studies at 3 T have been done in anesthetized monkeys. In the past, anesthetized preparations were reported to be misleading when exploring cortical brain regions outside the primary sensory areas. Nonetheless, a great improvement has been achieved in the limited effect of anesthetic agents on the reactivity of the brain.Here, we re-address the feasibility and potential applications of the brain oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI signal in Macaca mulatta monkeys that have been lightly anesthetized with sevoflurane and curarized. The monkeys were studied with commercially available coils and sequences using a 3 T clinical magnet. We obtained sagittal T1 scout images, gray matter double inversion recovery, standard gradient echo sequences and gradient echo functional imaging sequences. Given that fMRI signals are most readily identified in the cerebral cortices, we optimized Echo Planar Imaging sequences to reproduce significant changes in the BOLD signal subsequent to a visual stimulation paradigm.Our results provide a satisfactory signal to noise ratio with a limited standard deviation range, when compared with studies on alert macaques.We suggest that the 3 T magnet remains a valuable tool to analyze neural pathways in the macaque brain under light anesthesia and report the use of spatially resolved fMRI in higher visual areas of anesthetized monkeys. This methodology avoids the need for time-consuming training of awake monkeys, is stable over many hours, provides reproducible data and could be applied successfully to future functional studies.
- Published
- 2012