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15 results on '"MESH: Bites and Stings"'

1. Are Orienteers Protected Enough Against Tick Bites? Estimating Human Exposure to Tick Bites Through a Participative Science Survey during an Orienteering Competition

Author

Irene Carravieri, Cyril Galley, Jonas Durand, Claire Schmid, Pascale Frey-Klett, Laure Bournez, Julien Marchand, Vincent Godard, Annick Brun-Jacob, Béatrice Palin, Jean-François Cosson, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Permanent d'Initiation à l'Environnement Nancy Champenoux (CPIE Nancy Champenoux), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université de Paris (UP), Région Grand Est, the European Union with the support of the European Regional Development Fund, Fondation de France, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LabEx ARBRE : Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems ([LabEx ARBRE]), and AgroParisTech-CRITT Bois-Office national des forêts (ONF)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Propriété Forestière-European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Ixodes ricinus, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Orienteering, Tick, MESH: Tick Bites, Competition (biology), Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Walking distance, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, prevention, citizen science, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, education, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, MESH: Ticks, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Tick Bites, biology, MESH: Insect Repellents, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, biology.organism_classification, tick, MESH: Bites and Stings, Geography, Human exposure, Insect Repellents, tick-bite exposure, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Mass-participation events in temperate forests are now well-established features of outdoor activities and represent high-risk activities regarding human exposition to tick bites. In this study we used a citizen science approach to quantify the space–time frequency of tick bites and undetected tick bites among orienteers that participated in a 6-day orienteering competition that took place in July 2018 in the forests of Eastern France, and we looked at the use and efficacy of different preventive behaviors. Our study confirms that orienteers are a high-risk population for tick bites, with 62.4% of orienteers bitten at least once during the competition, and 2.4 to 12.1 orienteers per 100 orienteers were bitten by ticks when walking 1 km. In addition, 16.7% of orienteers bitten by ticks had engorged ticks, meaning that they did not detect and remove their ticks immediately after the run. Further, only 8.5% of orienteers systematically used a repellent, and the use of repellent only partially reduced the probability of being bitten by ticks. These results represent the first attempt to quantify the risk of not immediately detecting a tick bite and provide rare quantitative data on the frequency of tick bites for orienteers according to walking distance and time spent in the forest. The results also provide information on the use of repellent, which will be very helpful for modeling risk assessment. The study also shows that prevention should be increased for orienteers in France.

Published
2021

2. A prospective study on the incidence of dog bites and management in a rural Cambodian, rabies-endemic setting

Author

Aurélia Ponsich, Flavie Goutard, San Sorn, Arnaud Tarantola, Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (AVSF), Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, Veterinary medicine, Attack rate, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Rural Population, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, Rural, MESH: Animals, Prospective Studies, MESH: Incidence, Child, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence, Vaccination, Contrôle de maladies, 000 - Autres thèmes, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Épidémiologie, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Rabies, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Gestion du risque, Chien, MESH: Disease Management, Rage, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Rabies, Humans, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Dog bite, Insect Science, Parasitology, MESH: Female, Demography, L73 - Maladies des animaux, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Interquartile range, Bites and Stings, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Aged, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Infant, Newborn, Disease Management, Middle Aged, MESH: Bites and Stings, Prospective, Infectious Diseases, Female, Cambodia, Zone rurale, Adult, Asia, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Young Adult, Dogs, Maladie de l'homme, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Transmission des maladies, Morsure, business.industry, MESH: Cambodia, Infant, Newborn, MESH: Vaccination, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Biting, Enquête pathologique, business
Abstract

International audience; Rabies circulates intensely in Cambodia, mainly affecting rural populations. We conducted a prospective study to estimate the baseline incidence of potentially infective dog bites in rural villages of Siem Reap province, Cambodia. The study was conducted in a convenience sample of 844 families totaling 1779 persons in four villages. The study collected data in a total of 802.3 person-years. Trained village health workers (VHW) exhaustively documented consecutive dog bites at the end of each month. Between May 15th and November 15th, 2011, a total of 40 attacks (43 bites; 1.07 bites per attack) were notified by 39 persons (50% female; one suffered two distinct incidents) to VHW. The all-age attack rate for bites over this 6-month period was 2.3% (CI95%: 1.7-3.1%), with a global incidence rate estimated at 4.84 bites/100 person-years (CI95%: 3.5-6.6). The mean age in bite victims was 20.8±18.9years (median 12.5; interquartile range 6-36; range 1-63). The dog was identified in 39 (97.5%) of cases, being the household dog in 9 (22.5%) of cases. Bites were classified as severe (WHO Category III-broken skin with bleeding) in 33 (82.5%) of cases with a severe dog bites incidence estimated at 4/100 person-years (CI95%: 2.8-5.6). The bites involved the hand or face in 1 (2.5%) case each (both Category III). In 20 incidents (50%), only rice was applied to the wounds. There were no suspected or confirmed human rabies deaths during the study period but one dog died after biting (2 others were lost to follow-up and 14 were put down by their owner). Our study documented an extremely high incidence of dog bites in of rural Cambodian adults and children. Adapted control policies for canine vaccination are urgently needed.

Published
2016

3. Mosquitoes as vectors of arboviruses: an endless story

Author

Failloux, Anna-Bella, Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Les travaux sur Zika ont reçu un financement de l’Union Européenne (H2020, ZIKAlliance grant agreement no. 734548)., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
global changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], changements globaux, Mosquito Vectors, Arbovirus Infections, Disease Vectors, MESH: Disease Vectors, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, émergence, Aedes, vector-borne diseases, MESH: Arboviruses, Animals, Humans, emergence, MESH: Animals, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Bites and Stings, Epidemics, MESH: Epidemics, mosquitoes, moustiques, MESH: Humans, MESH: Aedes, MESH: Bites and Stings, Culicidae, arbovirus, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, maladies à transmission vectorielle, MESH: Arbovirus Infections, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, MESH: Culicidae, Arboviruses
Abstract

International audience; The recent emergence or re-emergence of vector-borne diseases (VBD) and, more specifically, VBD associated with arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika or yellow fever are not new events. The globalization of trade and travels as well as the unplanned urbanization of many tropical and subtropical cities have created the conditions suitable for the establishment of vector mosquitoes offering opportunities for arbovirus introduction. This review describes the major arboviruses important for human health and their epidemic vectors, and the conditions leading to their emergence.; L’émergence ou la ré-émergence récente des maladies à transmission vectorielle et plus précisément, celle associée aux arbovirus tels que la dengue, le chikungunya, le Zika ou encore la fièvre jaune ne sont pas des phénomènes nouveaux. Aujourd’hui, la mondialisation des échanges commerciaux, des déplacements des voyageurs ainsi que l’urbanisation anarchique de nombreuses villes tropicales et subtropicales créent les conditions propices à l’installation durable des moustiques vecteurs et par conséquent, à l’introduction des arbovirus. Cette revue décrit les principaux arbovirus importants en santé humaine et leurs vecteurs épidémiques, ainsi que les conditions facilitant leur émergence.

Published
2018

4. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus seroreactivity in inhabitants from rural Cameroon frequently in contact with non-human primates

Author

Arnaud Fontanet, Antoine Gessain, Claudia Filippone, Fabienne De Oliveira, Edouard Betsem, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Laura Schaeffer, Véronique Lemée, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur and the Investissement d’ Avenir program, as part of a Laboratoire d’ Excellence (LabEx) research program: Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IBEID), and the CHU de Rouen. Claudia Filippone was supported by the European programs EDENext (No. 261504) and EMPERIE (No. 223498). Edouard Betsem was supported by the 'Service de Coopération et de l'Action Culturelle (SCAC) ’of the French embassy in Yaounde, Cameroon and the ‘Institut National pour le Cancer ’ (France)., European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), European Project: 223498,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-B,EMPERIE(2009), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, and Pasteur-Cnam risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Cross-sectional study, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cross-species transmission, Simian foamy virus, MESH: Pan troglodytes, Simian, Seroreactivity, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Simian foamy virus, Bite, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Zoonoses, MESH: Child, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, Cameroon, Young adult, Child, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, education.field_of_study, Pygmies, Central Africa, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, virus diseases, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, SIV, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, MESH: Retroviridae Infections, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, MESH: Cercopithecus, Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Zoonoses, Adult, Adolescent, Pan troglodytes, MESH: Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1, Population, MESH: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Cercopithecus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Risk factor, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, education, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, Gorilla gorilla, MESH: Humans, MESH: Gorilla gorilla, MESH: Child, Preschool, HIV, MESH: Adult, Simian immunodeficiency virus, MESH: Cameroon, biology.organism_classification, Non-human primate, MESH: Male, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female, Retroviridae Infections
Abstract

International audience; Central African tropical forests are home to several species of non-human primates (NHPs), infected by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV). It is well-known that HIV-1 epidemic is due to cross-transmission and adaptation of SIV to humans. The main goal of this work was to investigate if a NHP bite is a risk factor for SIV acquisition. A cross-sectional study was performed in rural Cameroon on 246 bitten individuals (mostly by adult NHPs), matched, according to sex, age, and ethnicity (Bantus and Pygmies), with an equal number of not-bitten subjects. Following a serological assay for a wide range of SIVs, we observed a high level of indeterminate seroreactivity (25.8%) in the total population, whereas 68.9% were sero-negative and 5.3% HIV-1 positive. Bites do not appear to be a risk factor for SIV seroreactivity, in contrast to Simian Foamy Virus and Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 in the same studied population.

Published
2017

5. Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis is not Indicated Following Fox-Related Injuries Occurring in France

Author

Philippe Gautret, Hervé Bourhy, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Collaborateur de l'OMS pour la Rage - Dynamique des lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CC-OMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Lassailly-Bondaz, Anne

Subjects
Bites and Stings/*complications, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Physicians, Rabies, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, 030231 tropical medicine, education, MESH: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health knowledge, Primary care, Physicians, Primary Care, 03 medical and health sciences, Professional Competence, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Professional Competence, MESH: Rabies, medicine, Humans, Animals, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, Post-exposure prophylaxis, Primary Care, Professional Competence/*statistics & numerical data, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 0303 health sciences, Practice, MESH: Humans, MESH: Physicians, Primary Care, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Health Knowledge, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Rabies/*prevention & control/*veterinary, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, Infectious Diseases, Attitudes, Emergency medicine, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, business
Abstract

Comment on: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care physicians in the Franche-Comte region (France) regarding the risk of rabies. [Zoonoses Public Health. 2014]; International audience; no abstract

Published
2015

6. Cost-effectiveness of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in the context of very low rabies risk: A decision-tree model based on the experience of France

Author

Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Dieynaba S. N’Diaye, Claude Le Pen, Florence Ribadeau Dumas, Juliette Paireau, Hervé Bourhy, Philippe Gautret, Centre National de Référence de la Rage-Dynamique des Lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique : épidémiologie & sciences de l'information biomédicale (ED 393), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Collaborateur de l'OMS pour la Rage - Dynamique des lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CC-OMS), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), No specific funding was provided for this study. The DGS (French Ministry of Health) and the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (a French governmental agency) are supporting the National Reference Center for Rabies, and ARS Ile de France (a French regional health agency) the Paris regional ARC. DSN was funded by a three-year doctoral contract from the ED 393 'Public health: Epidemiology and biomedical information science' graduate school., Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Bourhy, Hervé

Subjects
MESH: Accidents, Traffic, MESH: Decision Trees, Time Factors, Cost effectiveness, medicine.medical_treatment, Cost-Benefit Analysis, MESH: Risk Assessment, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, Rabies vaccine, Prevalence, Medicine, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, Bites and Stings, education.field_of_study, Road accident, Accidents, Traffic, MESH: Rabies Vaccines, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Molecular Medicine, France, medicine.drug, Adverse event, medicine.medical_specialty, Rabies, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Context (language use), Risk Assessment, Post-exposure prophylaxis, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, MESH: Rabies, Animals, Humans, education, Adverse effect, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Humans, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Decision Trees, MESH: Time Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Virology, MESH: France, Rabies Vaccines, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Emergency medicine, Cost-effectiveness, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, MESH: Cost-Benefit Analysis
Abstract

International audience; INTRODUCTION:Benefit-risk of different anti-rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) strategies after scratches or bites from dogs with unknown rabies status is unknown in very low rabies risk settings.DESIGN AND SETTING:A cost-effectiveness analysis in metropolitan France using a decision-tree model and input data from 2001 to 2011.POPULATION:A cohort of 2807 patients, based on the mean annual number of patients exposed to category CII (minor scratches) or CIII (transdermal bite) dog attacks in metropolitan France between 2001 and 2011.INTERVENTIONS:Five PEP strategies: (A) no PEP for CII and CIII; (B) vaccine only for CIII; (C) vaccine for CII and CIII; (D) vaccine+ rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) only for CIII; and (E) vaccine for CII and vaccine+ RIG for CIII.MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:The number of deaths related to rabies and to traffic accidents on the way to anti-rabies centers (ARC), effectiveness in terms of years of life gained by reducing rabies cases and avoiding traffic accidents, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) associated with each strategy.RESULTS:Strategy E led to the fewest rabies cases (3.6 × 10(-8)) and the highest costs (€ 1,606,000) but also to 1.7 × 10(-3) lethal traffic accidents. Strategy A was associated with the most rabies cases (4.8 × 10(-6)), but the risk of traffic accidents and costs were null; therefore, strategy A was the most effective and the least costly. The sensitivity analysis showed that, when the probability that a given dog is rabid a given day (PA) was > 1.4 × 10(-6), strategy D was more effective than strategy A; strategy B became cost-effective (i.e. ICER vs strategy A < 3 × French Gross Domestic Product per capita) when PA was > 1 .4 × 10(-4).CONCLUSIONS:In the metropolitan France's very low rabies prevalence context, PEP with rabies vaccine, administered alone or with RIG, is associated with significant and unnecessary costs and unfavourable benefit-risk ratios regardless to exposure category.

Published
2015

7. Infection of Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus barberi) with Borrelia sp. reveals a low reservoir competence under experimental conditions

Author

Jean-Louis Chapuis, Maud Marsot, Sébastien Masséglia, Thomas Lilin, Elisabeth Ferquel, Valérie Choumet, Sarah Bonnet, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Martine Cote, USC INRA Bartonella et Tiques, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre National de Référence des Borrelia (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by research funds from the Animal Health Department of INRA., Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
Male, MESH: Sciuridae, MESH: Lyme Disease, Ixodes ricinus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Animals, MESH: Borrelia burgdorferi Group, Bites and Stings, 0303 health sciences, Lyme Disease, biology, Sciuridae, Siberian chipmunk, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, Europe, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Arachnid Vectors, MESH: Borrelia burgdorferi, Female, Nymph, Reservoir competence, Tick, Borrelia afzelii, Microbiology, MESH: Ixodes, 03 medical and health sciences, Borrelia burgdorferi Group, biology.animal, Borrelia, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Borrelia burgdorferi, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Reservoirs, Lyme borreliosis, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, Ixodes, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Nymph, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, Chipmunk, Insect Science, Parasitology, Arachnid Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, MESH: Female, Xenodiagnosis
Abstract

International audience; Reservoir competence is a key parameter in understanding the role of host species in the epidemiology of multi-host-especially vector-borne-pathogens. With this aim in view, we studied the reservoir competence of the Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus barberi) recently introduced into Europe, for the multi-host tick-borne bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi sl, the agent of Lyme borreliosis. T. sibiricus were experimentally exposed to bites from Ixodes ricinus ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii, with subsequent assessment of bacteremia and antibody responses. Borrelia was detected in chipmunk blood samples, ear biopsies and organ necropsies, and in nymphs used for xenodiagnosis (at one and six months after the initial chipmunk infection) via both serological and molecular methods. In total, eight out of twelve chipmunks showed evidence of infection by Borrelia sp., either by ELISA or PCR. Five chipmunks developed an immune response against the bacteria one month after infection. Borrelia infection in at least one organ was observed in seven animals at 14, 38, 93 or 178 days post-infection. Xenodiagnosis was positive for one chipmunk at 38 days, but no longer at 178 days post-infection. Four chipmunks remained uninfected, despite similar infection pressures to those observed in the field. Taken together, these results suggest that chipmunks can be infected through Borrelia-infected tick bites, and can transmit Borrelia to nymphs, but do not remain persistently infected.

Published
2015

8. Update on human rabies in a dog- and fox-rabies-free country

Author

Jean-Paul Stahl, B Fremont, J. Maslin, Philippe Gautret, F. Souala, Florence Ribadeau-Dumas, Hervé Bourhy, C. Strady, G. Le Moal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Hôpital Nord - Marseille] (M.I.T), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Centre National de Référence de la Rage-Dynamique des Lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Médecine Interne, Infectiologie et Pathologie des voyages, Polyclinique Saint André, Hôpital de la Milétrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire espace santé du Golfe de Saint-Tropez (SLB JsBio), Centre Hospitalier de Verdun, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
MESH: Lyssavirus, medicine.medical_treatment, Administration, Oral, Foxes, MESH: Global Health, Antibodies, Viral, Global Health, MESH: World Health Organization, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Practice Guidelines as Topic, Chiroptera, Zoonoses, Medicine, MESH: Pets, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, Anti-rabies immunoglobulins, MESH: Travel, 0303 health sciences, Travel, MESH: Risk, Vaccination, MESH: Rabies Vaccines, MESH: Chiroptera, Pets, 3. Good health, French Guiana, MESH: Rabies virus, MESH: Bites and Stings, Infectious Diseases, Practice Guidelines as Topic, MESH: Administration, Oral, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Immunization, Passive, France, MESH: Zoonoses, Risk, Rabies, 030231 tropical medicine, Animals, Wild, World Health Organization, Rage (emotion), Post-exposure prophylaxis, Rage, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, MESH: Rabies, Rhabdoviridae Infections, MESH: French Guiana, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Wild, Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Malpractice, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Humans, MESH: Foxes, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, fungi, Malpractice, Immunization, Passive, Immunoglobulines antirabiques, MESH: Rhabdoviridae Infections, MESH: Vaccination, medicine.disease, Virology, MESH: France, Rabies Vaccines, Rabies virus, Lyssavirus, business, Prophylaxie post exposition, MESH: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

International audience; Rabies is responsible for 50,000 deaths per year worldwide. Mainland France has been officially freed from rabies in non-flying animals since 2001.; We wanted to provide an update on the French situation, using published data, and describe possible options since official guidelines are lacking.; Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (early and careful cleaning and dressing of the wound, vaccination, and in case of high-risk exposure, injection of specific anti-rabies immunoglobulins) is known to be efficient except in rare cases. It is recommended after grade II contact (+specific immunoglobulins in immunodepressed patients), or grade III contact (vaccination+immunoglobulins).; Mainland France being rabies-free, 3 options may be considered in case of bite by a dog or a cat that cannot be monitored in France: (a) consider the risk of rabies as null, so no PEP should be administrated, whatever the severity of bites; (b) consider there is a weak but lethal risk, so the international recommendations should be applied, using immunoglobulins in some cases; (c) consider that the risk is extremely low but cannot be excluded, and that the patient should be vaccinated to be protected, but without adding immunoglobulins (whether in case of grade II or III bites).; There are no national guidelines for rabies in France, and so the physician managing the patient is the one who will decide to treat or not.

Published
2014

9. Rabies in Nonhuman Primates and Potential for Transmission to Humans: A Literature Review and Examination of Selected French National Data

Author

Philippe Gautret, Jesse Blanton, Laurent Dacheux, Florence Ribadeau-Dumas, Philippe Brouqui, Philippe Parola, Douglas H. Esposito, Hervé Bourhy, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Centre Collaborateur de l'OMS pour la Rage - Dynamique des lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CC-OMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence de la Rage-Dynamique des Lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CNR), Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Primates, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Databases, Factual, lcsh:RC955-962, Rabies, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Rabies, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Travel, Travel, MESH: Humans, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Correction, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Tropical Diseases, MESH: Databases, Factual, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, MESH: France, MESH: Primates, Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Veterinary Science, France, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, MESH: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases
Abstract

Background The nonhuman primate (NHP)-related injuries in rabies-enzootic countries is a public health problem of increasing importance. The aims of this work are to collect data concerning rabies transmission from NHPs to humans; to collate medical practices regarding rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in different countries, and to provide an evidence base to support the decision to apply rabies PEP in this context. Methodology To retrieve information, we conducted a literature search from 1960 to January 2013. All reports of rabies in NHPs and rabies transmission to humans by infected NHPs were included. Also included were studies of travelers seeking care for rabies PEP in various settings. Data collected by the French National Reference Centre for Rabies concerning NHPs submitted for rabies diagnosis in France and human rabies exposure to NHPs in travelers returning to France were analyzed for the periods 1999–2012 and 1994–2011, respectively. Principal findings A total of 159 reports of rabies in NHPs have been retrieved from various sources in South America, Africa, and Asia, including 13 cases in animals imported to Europe and the US. 134 were laboratory confirmed cases. 25 cases of human rabies following NHP-related injuries were reported, including 20 from Brazil. Among more than 2000 international travelers from various settings, the proportion of injuries related to NHP exposures was about 31%. NHPs rank second, following dogs in most studies and first in studies conducted in travelers returning from Southeast Asia. In France, 15.6% of 1606 travelers seeking PEP for exposure to any animal were injured by monkeys. Conclusions/significance Although less frequently reported in published literature than human rabies, confirmed rabies cases in NHPs occur. The occurrence of documented transmission of rabies from NHPs to human suggests that rabies PEP is indicated in patients injured by NHPs in rabies-enzootic countries., Author Summary No international consensus or even a consensus among existing national recommendations about rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) following a nonhuman primate (NHP)-related injury currently exists. Epidemiologic studies and reports collated in this review indicate that the number of rabies case reported in NHPs are rare compared with humans. This finding might be because of a lower contact rate of NHPs with rabid reservoir but also very likely because of underreporting. Nevertheless, documented cases and subsequent transmission to humans have been reported from various sources in South America, Africa, and Asia. Further, international travelers often report NHP-related injuries and NHPs can be close to humans. Little is currently known of the pathobiology of rabies virus shedding in primates, which implies that rabies PEP and administration of rabies immunoglobulin should be considered in patients with a possible exposure.

Published
2014

10. A confirmed rabies case in a French resident in Cambodia, June 2015

Author

Didier Fontenille, Cornelia Haener, Philippe Dussart, Uong Meng, Nareth Chhor, Sowath Ly, Arnaud Tarantola, Sovann Ly, Channa Mey, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Sonja Kill Memorial Hospital (SKMH), Calmette Hospital [Phnom Penh], and Ministry of Health [Phnom Penh]

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, dog bite, Southeast asia, MESH: Dogs, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Travel medicine, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, 030212 general & internal medicine, virus diseases, General Medicine, Southeast Asia, MESH: Bites and Stings, 3. Good health, post-exposure prophylaxis, travelers, Female, France, Cambodia, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Rabies, 030231 tropical medicine, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, MESH: Rabies, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Travel Medicine, Post-exposure prophylaxis, pre-exposure prophylaxis, MESH: Humans, Confirmed rabies, business.industry, MESH: Cambodia, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Dog bite, Surgery, MESH: France, Emergency medicine, business, MESH: Female, Travel Medicine
Abstract

International audience; A case of confirmed rabies in a French resident is a wake-up call for improved access to timely and adequate rabies post-exposure prophylaxis for all those living in Cambodia, as well as for improved pre-exposure prevention in travellers to Cambodia and other highly endemic settings.

Published
2016

11. [Control of arthropods]

Author

Pierre-Yves, Lozach, Ari, Helenius, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), and Gouvernement suisse

Subjects
MESH: Bunyaviridae, MESH: Humans, MESH: Dendritic Cells, Bunyaviridae, Arthropod Vectors, Dendritic Cells, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Bunyaviridae Infections, MESH: Bites and Stings, MESH: Bunyaviridae Infections, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, MESH: Arthropod Vectors
Abstract

International audience; In Ralf Pettersson, we have lost an influential and internationally recognized investigator with a significant impact in the field of animal virology. The Bunyaviridae constitute the viral family that he studied the most. These are relatively simple enveloped viruses with a tri-segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome. With few exceptions, bunyaviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors and are introduced into the skin of hosts via bites of infected arthropods. Dermal dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells to encounter incoming viruses. In this short review, we will discuss how arthropod-borne viruses exploit DCs to spread throughout the body of the human host. The mechanism depends on interactions with DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin abundantly expressed on DCs.

Published
2012

12. Fatal case of imported human rabies in Amadora, Portugal, August 2011

Author

Laurent Dacheux, Hervé Bourhy, Etelvina Calé, João Gouveia, Paula Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos, Public Health Department of Amadora, Directorate-General of Health [Lisbonne], Centre Collaborateur de l'OMS pour la Rage - Dynamique des lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CC-OMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Bites and Stings/*complications, Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Saliva/virology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, Guinea-Bissau, MESH: Animals, MESH: Guinea-Bissau, Bites and Stings, Dog Diseases, MESH: Travel, Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use, Animal Bites, Travel, 0303 health sciences, Raiva, MESH: Rabies Vaccines, virus diseases, MESH: Bites and Stings, MESH: Rabies virus, 3. Good health, Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage, Rabies/*diagnosis/drug therapy/mortality, MESH: Portugal, post-exposure prophylaxis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Adult, MESH: Antiviral Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, Rabies, Doenças infeciosas, MESH: Dog Diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, Dog Diseases/transmission, Antiviral Agents, Disease course, MESH: Contact Tracing, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, MESH: Rabies, Virology, medicine, Humans, Animals, MESH: Saliva, Post-exposure prophylaxis, Saliva, MESH: Humans, Portugal, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, General surgery, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Back Pain/etiology, medicine.disease, Rabies virus/genetics/*isolation & purification, Rabies Vaccines, Back Pain, Rabies virus, Guinea bissau, MESH: Back Pain, Contact Tracing, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, Contact tracing
Abstract

We report on a case of imported human rabies in Portugal, in July 2011 in a woman who presented initially complaining of back pain, without relating exposure to animal bites. She had travelled from Portugal to Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, in April where she had been bitten by a dog on 1 May. She was diagnosed with rabies on 26 July and died two weeks later in spite of being treated following the Milwaukee protocol.

Published
2012

13. Personal protection against biting insects and ticks

Author

Legros, Fabrice, Ancelle, Thierry, Caumes, Eric, Dardé, Marie-Laure, Delmont, Jean, Descloitres, Robert, Imbert, Patrick, De Gentile, Ludovic, Migliani, R., Ouvrard, Patrick, Robert, Vincent, Duvallet, Gérard, Boulanger, Nathalie, Chandre, Fabrice, Colin De Verdiere, Nathalie, Consigny, Paul-Henri, Delaunay, Pascal, Depaquit, Jérôme, Doudier, Barbara, Franc, Michel, Moulin, Florence, Pagès, Frédéric, Prange, Aurélie, Quatresous, Isabelle, Saviuc, Philippe, Auvin, Stéphane, Carsuzza, Francis, Cochet, Amandine, Darriet, Frédéric, Demantke, Anne, Elefant, Elisabeth, Failloux, Anna-Bella, Lagneau, Christophe, Pecquet, Catherine, La Ruche, Guy, Sorge, Frédéric, Tarantola, Arnaud, Vauzelle, Catherine, Ajana, Faiza, Armengaud, Alexis, Boutin, Jean Paul, Chevallier, Sandrine, Gagnon, Suzanne, Genty, Sabine, Girod, Romain, Godineau, Nadine, Guigen, Claude, Hatchuel, Yves, Hengy, Claude, Izri, Arezki, Jean, Dominique, Jourdain, Frédéric, Lamaury, Isabelle, Marchou, Bruno, Masson, Valérie, Minodier, Philippe, Pérignon, Alice, Piccoli, Sylvie, Quinet, Béatrice, Yebakima, André, Santi-Rocca, Julien, Smith, Sherri, 'Personal Protection Against Vectors' working group (PPAV), PPAV working group, Epidémiologie, stratégies thérapeutiques et virologie cliniques dans l'infection à VIH, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de médecine (AMU MED), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Hôpital d'instruction des armées Bégin, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Département d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique Nord, École du Val de Grâce (EVDG), Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Physiopathologie et Médecine Translationnelle (PMT), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neuropédiatrie [Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes [CHU Trousseau] (CRAT), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique Moléculaire des Bunyavirus, Unité d'entomologie médicale, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de parasitologie, Hôpital Delafontaine, Service des maladies infectieuses, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Toulouse], Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de la Démoustication, Conseil General de la Martinique, This work has been funded by the 'Direction Générale de la Santé', the 'Société de Médecine des Voyages' and the 'Société Française de Parasitologie'. All the colleagues who have participated in the preparation of this document and the partner Societies and Institutions (Société de Pathologie Exotique, Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française, Collège des Universitaires de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Société Française de Dermatologie, Groupe de Pédiatrie Tropicale de la Société française de Pédiatrie, Société de Formation Thérapeutique du Généraliste, Société Française de Médecine des Armées, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Service de Santé des Armées, Centre de Référence des Agents Tératogènes, Confédération du Logement et du Cadre de Vie) are thanked. Special thanks to Vivactis Plus (Ms Nathalie Pasquier-Desvignes) for the organization of the meetings and the coordination of the work ., Grelier, Elisabeth, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur (CMIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Inflammation, infection, immunologie et loco-moteur [CHU Toulouse] (Pôle I3LM Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales[Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]

Subjects
Value (ethics), Disease, law.invention, Health personnel, MESH: Communicable Disease Control, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, Protective Clothing, vectors, law, Medicine, Travel medicine, MESH: Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, Bites and Stings, MESH: Travel, Travel, Ecology, MESH: Insect Repellents, Public relations, Recommendations for Good Practice, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Tick-Borne Diseases, MESH: Arachnid Vectors, MESH: Communicable Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Insecticide-Treated Bednets, personal protection, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Insect Vectors, Communicable Diseases, MESH: Protective Clothing, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Tick-Borne Diseases, MESH: Insect Bites and Stings, Animals, Humans, Insecticide-Treated Bednets, protection personnelle, MESH: Ticks, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Specific-information, Outbreak, Insect Bites and Stings, vector borne diseases, arthropodes vecteurs, Insect Vectors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Insect Science, Insect Repellents, Communicable Disease Control, maladies à transmission vectorielle, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Arachnid Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Roaming, business, bonnes pratiques cliniques
Abstract

International audience; Recent events with the first cases of local transmission of chikungunya and dengue fever virus in southern France by Aedes albopictus, adding to the nuisance and potential vectors that can be encountered when traveling in tropical or sub-tropical countries, has shown the value of a reflection on the Personal protection against vectors (PPAV). It is seen during an outbreak of vector-borne disease, or simply because of nuisance arthropods, that our fellow citizens try to protect themselves individually by using an arsenal of resources available on the market. Yet most of these means have been neither checked for effectiveness or safety tests, however, essential. Travellers, staff on mission or assignment, are looking for specific information on how to protect themselves or their families. Health workers had at their disposal so far indications that vary widely from one source to another. Therefore it seemed important to the Society of Travel Medicine (SMV) and the French Society of Parasitology (SFP) to initiate a reflection on this theme. This reflection took the form of recommendations for good practice, following the outline established by the French High Health Authority (HAS). The aim was to gather all relevant information, verified and validated and the format to be used not only by health personnel (doctors, pharmacists, nurses), but also by travel agents and individuals. This document highlights the need to take into account the risk of vector-borne diseases, some deadly, and the benefit of various methods of personal protection. The choice of methods is clearly oriented towards those whose effectiveness has been proven and potential risks assessed. The paper finally proposes two decision trees based on the transmission type (day or night) and kind of stay (short or roaming, long and steady). It concerns travellers, but also expatriates, residents and nomads.

Published
2011

14. Human antibody response to Anopheles gambiae saliva : an immuno-epidemiological biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets in malaria vector control

Author

François Simondon, Sylvie Cornelie, Papa M. Drame, Cheikh Sow, Pierre Carnevale, J.C. Toto, Jacques Le Mire, Vincent Foumane, Denis Boulanger, Mbacké Sembène, Anne Poinsignon, Franck Remoue, Patrick Besnard, Filomeno Fortes, Maria Adelaide Dos-Santos, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
Insecticides, Saliva, Mosquito Control, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Anopheles gambiae, Parasite load, Immunoglobulin G, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, Malaria, Falciparum, MESH: Mosquito Control, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Anopheles, Articles, MESH: Angola, MESH: Bites and Stings, 3. Good health, Mosquito control, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Immunologic Tests, MESH: Insecticide-Treated Bednets, MESH: Malaria, 030231 tropical medicine, Antigens, Protozoan, MESH: Insect Vectors, Immunologic Tests, In Vitro Techniques, Antibodies, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Species Specificity, MESH: Saliva, Insecticide-Treated Bednets, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: In Vitro Techniques, MESH: Humans, MESH: Antibodies, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, Malaria, MESH: Insecticides, Angola, Vector (epidemiology), Immunology, MESH: Biomarkers, biology.protein, Parasitology, Biomarkers, MESH: Antigens, Protozoan
Abstract

International audience; For the fight against malaria, the World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the need for indicators to evaluate the efficacy of vector-control strategies. This study investigates a potential immunological marker, based on human antibody responses to Anopheles saliva, as a new indicator to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Parasitological, entomological, and immunological assessments were carried out in children and adults from a malaria-endemic region of Angola before and after the introduction of ITNs. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels to An. gambiae saliva were positively associated with the intensity of An. gambiae exposure and malaria infection. A significant decrease in the anti-saliva IgG response was observed after the introduction of ITNs, and this was associated with a drop in parasite load. This study represents the first stage in the development of a new indicator to evaluate the efficacy of malaria vector-control strategies, which could apply in other arthropod vector-borne diseases.

Published
2010

15. Novel peptide marker corresponding to salivary protein gSG6 potentially identifies exposure to Anopheles bites

Author

François Simondon, Marie-Noëlle Rossignol, Anne Poinsignon, Sylvie Cornelie, Cheikh Sokhna, Franck Remoue, Badara Cisse, Denis Boulanger, Bruno Arcà, Alessandra Lanfrancotti, Montserrat Mestres-Simon, Épidémiologie et prévention : environnement et efficacité des interventions (EPIPREV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Poinsignon, A., Cornelie, S., Mestres Simon, M., Lanfrancotti, A., Rossignol, M., Boulanger, D., Cisse, B., Sokhna, C., Arca', Bruno, Simondon, F., and Remoue, F.

Subjects
Anopheles gambiae, lcsh:Medicine, salivary proteins, gSG6 protein, marker of exposure, IMMUNOLOGIE, Immunoglobulin G, MESH: Recombinant Proteins, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Insect Proteins, MARQUEUR IMMUNOLOGIQUE, MESH: Animals, Bites and Stings, lcsh:Science, Pathogen, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE, MESH: Immunoglobulin G, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Transmission (medicine), Anopheles, MESH: Salivary Proteins and Peptides, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Recombinant Proteins, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, MOUSTIQUE, Insect Proteins, ANTICORPS, Research Article, Infectious Diseases/Tropical and Travel-Associated Diseases, Infectious Diseases/Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, TRANSMISSION, 030231 tropical medicine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, TEST ELISA, BIOINFORMATIQUE, PROTEINE, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Salivary Proteins and Peptides, PARASITE, 030304 developmental biology, VECTEUR, lcsh:R, PALUDISME, BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Vector (epidemiology), Immunology, Immunology/Immune Response, biology.protein, MESH: Biomarkers, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:Q, Public Health and Epidemiology/Epidemiology, Malaria, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Background: n order to improve malaria control, and under the aegis of WHO recommendations, many efforts are being devoted to developing new tools for identifying geographic areas with high risk of parasite transmission. Evaluation of the human antibody response to arthropod salivary proteins could be an epidemiological indicator of exposure to vector bites, and therefore to risk of pathogen transmission. In the case of malaria, which is transmitted only by anopheline mosquitoes, maximal specificity could be achieved through identification of immunogenic proteins specific to the Anopheles genus. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the IgG response to the Anopheles gambiae gSG6 protein, from its recombinant form to derived synthetic peptides, could be an immunological marker of exposure specific to Anopheles gambiae bites.Methodology/Principal Findings: Specific IgG antibodies to recombinant gSG6 protein were observed in children living in a Senegalese area exposed to malaria. With the objective of optimizing Anopheles specificity and reproducibility, we designed five gSG6-based peptide sequences using a bioinformatic approach, taking into consideration i) their potential antigenic properties and ii) the absence of cross-reactivity with protein sequences of other arthropods/organisms. The specific anti-peptide IgG antibody response was evaluated in exposed children. The five gSG6 peptides showed differing antigenic properties, with gSG6-P1 and gSG6-P2 exhibiting the highest antigenicity. However, a significant increase in the specific IgG response during the rainy season and a positive association between the IgG level and the level of exposure to Anopheles gambiae bites was significant only for gSG6-P1.Conclusions/Significance: This step-by-step approach suggests that gSG6-P1 could be an optimal candidate marker for evaluating exposure to Anopheles gambiae bites. This marker could be employed as a geographic indicator, like remote sensing techniques, for mapping the risk of malaria. It could also represent a direct criterion of efficacy in evaluation of vector control strategies

Published
2008

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