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11 results on '"MESH: Comoros"'

1. K13-Propeller Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Patients in Mayotte in 2013 and 2014

Author

Marylin Torrentino-Madamet, Louis Collet, Nicolas Benoit, Didier Menard, Jean François Lepere, Bruno Pradines, Rémy Amalvict, Unité de Recherche en Biologie et Epidémiologie Parasitaires, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of the Hospital Centre of Mayotte (CHM), Laboratory of the Hospital Centre of Mayotte, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation [Rennes] (Pôle Saint-Hélier), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Menard, Didier, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)

Subjects
Male, Drug Resistance, Protozoan Proteins, Drug resistance, Comoros, MESH: Comoros, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Polymorphism (computer science), Pharmacology (medical), Artemether, Malaria, Falciparum, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Imported malaria, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Ethanolamines, MESH: Drug Resistance, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Malaria falciparum, medicine.drug, MESH: Mutation, MESH: Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, Plasmodium falciparum, Biology, MESH: Ethanolamines, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Antimalarials, parasitic diseases, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Artemisinins, medicine, Humans, MESH: Fluorenes, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Drug Combinations, Pharmacology, Fluorenes, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Antimalarials, Virology, MESH: Male, Mutation, MESH: Female, Malaria
Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum isolates were collected from 29 malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine in Mayotte in 2013 and 2014. Twenty-four cases (83%) consisted of imported malaria. Seventeen percent of the isolates presented mutations in one of the six K13-propeller blades (N490H, F495L, N554H/K, and E596G). A total of 23.8% of the isolates from the Union of Comoros showed K13-propeller polymorphisms. Three of the 18 isolates (16.7%) from Grande Comore showed polymorphisms (N490H, N554K, and E596G).

Published
2015

2. Development of real-time RT-PCR for the detection of low concentrations of Rift Valley fever virus

Author

Marianne Maquart, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Sarah Temmam, Koussay Dellagi, Eric Cardinale, Jean-Michel Heraud, Catherine Cetre-Sossah, Hervé Pascalis, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien ( CRVOI ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15, Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] ( IPM ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Pasteur de Madgascar ( IPM ), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] ( IRBA ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD )

Subjects
Rift Valley fever virus, Veterinary medicine, Rift Valley Fever, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Comoros, MESH : Virology, MESH: Madagascar, MESH: Comoros, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Rift Valley Fever, Caprin, MESH: Animals, [ SDV.IB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Rift Valley fever, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, Volume concentration, Diagnostic tool, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, MESH : Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Ruminants, Zebu, 3. Good health, MESH : Comoros, Semi-nested RT-PCR, Épidémiologie, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, MESH: Ruminants, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Enzootic, Petits ruminants, MESH: Rift Valley fever virus, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH : Sensitivity and Specificity, Viral load, MESH : Ruminants, Veterinary Medicine, Ovin, MESH : Madagascar, MESH : Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biology, Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH : Veterinary Medicine, [ SDV.MP.VIR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Zébu, Virology, medicine, Madagascar, Animals, Surveillance épidémiologique, Diagnostic, MESH : Rift Valley Fever, Test biologique, MESH: Veterinary Medicine, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH : Rift Valley fever virus, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Animals, Inter-epidemic period, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, MESH: Virology
Abstract

International audience; In recent years, Madagascar and the Comoros archipelago have been affected by epidemics of Rift Valley fever (RVF), however detection of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in zebu, sheep and goats during the post epidemic periods was frequently unsuccessful. Thus, a highly sensitive real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for the detection of RVFV at low viral loads. A new RVF SYBR Green RT-PCR targeting the M segment was tested on serum from different RVF seronegative ruminant species collected from May 2010 to August 2011 in Madagascar and the Comoros archipelago and compared with a RVF specific quantitative real time RT-PCR technique, which is considered as the reference technique. The specificity was tested on a wide range of arboviruses or other viruses giving RVF similar clinical signs. A total of 38 out of 2756 serum samples tested positive with the new RT-PCR, whereas the reference technique only detected 5 out of the 2756. The described RT-PCR is an efficient diagnostic tool for the investigation of enzootic circulation of the RVF virus. It allows the detection of low viral RNA loads adapted for the investigations of reservoirs or specific epidemiological situations such as inter-epizootic periods.

Published
2014

3. Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis among pregnant women in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, 2008-2009

Author

Philippe Vanhems, Marine Giard, Thomas Bénet, Nicolas Voirin, Abdoulkarim Abaine, Maoulide Saindou, Didier Troalen, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], and Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)

Subjects
Hemagglutination, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Logistic regression, medicine.disease_cause, Rapid plasma reagin, Comoros, MESH: Comoros, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, MESH: Health Surveys, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Treponema, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, 3. Good health, MESH: Young Adult, Population study, Educational Status, Female, Adult, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, medicine, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Syphilis, MESH: Prevalence, Hepatitis B virus, MESH: Adolescent, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, MESH: Humans, MESH: Hepatitis B, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, MESH: Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Syphilis, Immunology, business, MESH: Educational Status, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and syphilis among pregnant women living on the Indian Ocean island of Mayotte. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 671 pregnant women at 11 prenatal clinics on Mayotte between September 15, 2008, and September 27, 2009. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for HIV, HBV, and syphilis testing. Risk factors were analyzed by exact logistic regression. RESULTS: No prevalent case of HIV infection was detected among the study population. The prevalence of HBV surface antigen and active syphilis (defined as a positive test result by both rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assays) was 3.4% and 2.1%, respectively. A positive HBV surface antigen test was associated with being born in Comoros and having sex with a casual partner during the previous year. Lack of education and a history of sexually transmitted infections in the past 5 years were associated with active syphilis. CONCLUSION: The continuing low prevalence of HIV and high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women on Mayotte confirmed the so-called "Indian Ocean paradox."

Published
2012

4. Migration, health, and care in French overseas territories

Author

Jacques Lebas, Sophie Florence, Anne Jolivet, Pierre Chauvin, ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine interne [CHU Saint-Antoine], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pôle de Pharmacie - Santé Publique - Information médicale [CHU Saint-Antoine], Chauvin, Pierre, Service de médecine interne [Saint-Antoine], Pôle de Pharmacie - Santé Publique - Information médicale [Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Economic growth, MESH: Emigration and Immigration, Public Policy, MESH: Public Policy, 030501 epidemiology, migration, Comoros, Health Services Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Comoros, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental protection, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Health Services Accessibility, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Human migration, Health Policy, health, General Medicine, Emigration and Immigration, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Health Policy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

International audience; n.a

Published
2010

5. Migration et santé à Mayotte en 2007

Author

Florence, Sophie, Lebas, Jacques, Parizot, Isabelle, Sissoko, D., Querre, Madina, Paquet, C., Lesieur, Sophie, Chauvin, Pierre, ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine interne [CHU Saint-Antoine], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CMH), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Sciences sociales ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CIRE Réunion Mayotte, Institut national de veille sanitaire, Département international et tropical (INVS), and Chauvin, Pierre

Subjects
MESH: Transients and Migrants, MESH: Poverty, MESH: Primary Health Care, MESH: Comoros, MESH: Health Surveys, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Rural Population, MESH: Sampling Studies, Migration, MESH: Health Status, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Health Services Accessibility, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Health Services, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Infant, Newborn, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Adult, Primary care, MESH: Infant, MESH: Male, MESH: Urban Population, Health, Social factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Mayotte Island, located in the Indian Ocean, is a French overseas departmental community with certain specificities: recent development of sanitary institutions, significant immigration, free access to care for legal residents but with co-payments for irregular residents, the absence of many of the social benefits which exist in mainland France and poor or non-existent health information systems. We report here the first population-based survey describing the links between health, migration and healthcare utilization in this territory. METHODS: Cross sectional population-based study using a three-stage random sample (geographic areas, households, individuals). In all, 2105 individuals were interviewed either in French, Shimaore or Kibushi (response rate=96%), using a questionnaire adapted to the context of Mayotte Island after a preliminary qualitative survey. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS: Foreigners make up 40% of the Mayotte population (total 186,452 inhabitants), of which one-quarter are children born in Mayotte and 80% have no regular residence status. The median length of residence of migrant foreigners is 10 years. Foreigners represent a majority of the female population, of the 20 to 35 years old population and of the urban areas. Main determinants for migration were economical (50%) or family-related (26%). Health was stated as a cause of migration by 11% of migrants. The social situation of foreigners is more precarious and their perceived health poorer than those of the French. Their access to care is also perceived as more difficult. We did not observe any notable difference in terms of frequency of healthcare attendance over the last 12 months between the two groups, but foreigners have consulted less often private GPs and more often traditional practitioners than French. CONCLUSION: In this overseas French island, the migrant population is numerous and resident for a long time. Their main motivations to immigrate are economic and family-related. They report hurdles to healthcare related with their precarious living conditions, including their illegal residence status.

Published
2010

6. Migration et santé à Mayotte en 2007

Author

Florence, Sophie, Lebas, Jacques, Parizot, Isabelle, Sissoko, D., Querre, Madina, Paquet, C., Lesieur, Sophie, Chauvin, Pierre, ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CMH), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Sciences sociales ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CIRE Réunion Mayotte, Institut national de veille sanitaire, Département international et tropical (INVS), Service de médecine interne [Saint-Antoine], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
MESH: Transients and Migrants, MESH: Poverty, MESH: Primary Health Care, MESH: Comoros, MESH: Health Surveys, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Rural Population, MESH: Sampling Studies, Migration, MESH: Health Status, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Health Services Accessibility, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Health Services, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Infant, Newborn, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Adult, Primary care, MESH: Infant, MESH: Male, Health . Migration . Social factors . Primary care, MESH: Urban Population, Health, Social factors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Mayotte Island, located in the Indian Ocean, is a French overseas departmental community with certain specificities: recent development of sanitary institutions, significant immigration, free access to care for legal residents but with co-payments for irregular residents, the absence of many of the social benefits which exist in mainland France and poor or non-existent health information systems. We report here the first population-based survey describing the links between health, migration and healthcare utilization in this territory. METHODS: Cross sectional population-based study using a three-stage random sample (geographic areas, households, individuals). In all, 2105 individuals were interviewed either in French, Shimaore or Kibushi (response rate=96%), using a questionnaire adapted to the context of Mayotte Island after a preliminary qualitative survey. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS: Foreigners make up 40% of the Mayotte population (total 186,452 inhabitants), of which one-quarter are children born in Mayotte and 80% have no regular residence status. The median length of residence of migrant foreigners is 10 years. Foreigners represent a majority of the female population, of the 20 to 35 years old population and of the urban areas. Main determinants for migration were economical (50%) or family-related (26%). Health was stated as a cause of migration by 11% of migrants. The social situation of foreigners is more precarious and their perceived health poorer than those of the French. Their access to care is also perceived as more difficult. We did not observe any notable difference in terms of frequency of healthcare attendance over the last 12 months between the two groups, but foreigners have consulted less often private GPs and more often traditional practitioners than French. CONCLUSION: In this overseas French island, the migrant population is numerous and resident for a long time. Their main motivations to immigrate are economic and family-related. They report hurdles to healthcare related with their precarious living conditions, including their illegal residence status.

Published
2010

7. Origins of the recent emergence of Plasmodium falciparum pyrimethamine resistance alleles in Madagascar

Author

Christiane Bouchier, Martial Jahevitra, Valérie Andriantsoanirina, Arsène Ratsimbasoa, Magali Tichit, Stéphane Rabearimanana, Rogelin Randrianjafy, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Rémy Durand, Didier Menard, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génomique (Plate-Forme) - Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Ministère de la Santé, du Planning Familial et de la Protection Sociale, Immunologie moléculaire des parasites, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This study was supported by grants from the Institut de Médecine et d'Epidemiologie Appliquee (IMEA), Fondation Leon M'Ba, Paris, France, and the Genomics Platform, Pasteur Genopole, Pasteur Institute, France. Sample collection in Madagascar and the Comoros Islands was funded by the FSP/RAI 2001-168 project (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, round 3 (Community Action to Roll Back Malaria, grant no. MDG-304-G05-M) and in France by the Institut de Veille Sanitaire, French Ministry of Health., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, Protozoan, Drug Resistance, Protozoan Proteins, Drug resistance, MESH: Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Comoros, MESH: Madagascar, MESH: Comoros, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Animals, MESH: Dinucleotide Repeats, Malaria, Falciparum, Dinucleotide Repeats, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Genes, Protozoan, MESH: Drug Resistance, Microsatellite, Female, medicine.drug, MESH: Mutation, Sulfadoxine, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, 03 medical and health sciences, Mechanisms of Resistance, parasitic diseases, medicine, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, Allele, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Alleles, Haplotype, MESH: Haplotypes, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase, Pyrimethamine, Haplotypes, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Mutation, MESH: Female, Malaria
Abstract

The combination of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is recommended for use as intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy and is deployed in Africa. The emergence and the spread of resistant parasites are major threats to such an intervention. We have characterized the Plasmodium falciparum dhfr ( pfdhfr ) haplotypes and flanking microsatellites in 322 P. falciparum isolates collected from the Comoros Islands and Madagascar. One hundred fifty-six (48.4%) carried the wild-type pfdhfr allele, 19 (5.9%) carried the S108N single-mutation allele, 30 (9.3%) carried the I164L single-mutation allele, 114 (35.4%) carried the N51I/C59R/S108N triple-mutation allele, and 3 (1.0%) carried the N51I/C59R/S108N/I164L quadruple-mutation allele. Microsatellite analysis showed the introduction from the Comoros Islands of the ancestral pfdhfr triple mutant allele of Asian origin and its spread in Madagascar. Evidence for the emergence on multiple occasions of the I164L single-mutation pfdhfr allele in Madagascar was also obtained. Thus, the conditions required to generate mutants with quadruple mutations are met in Madagascar, representing a serious threat to current drug policy.

Published
2010

8. [Polyneuropathies in vitamin B1 deficiency in Reunion and Mayotte islands in 70 patients of Maori and Comorian descent] : Polyneuropathies par hypovitaminose B1 aux îles de la Réunion et de Mayotte : à propos de 70 cas d'origine mahoraise et comorienne

Author

Darcel, Françoise, Roussin, C., Vallat, Jean-Michel, Charlin, C., Tournebize, P., Doussiet, E., Sturtz, Franck, Service de neurologie, CHR Réunion, Service de médecine polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, Service de Neurologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Biomolécules Thérapies anti-tumorales (EA4021), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)

Subjects
[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Comoros, MESH: Pregnancy, MESH: Diet, MESH: New Zealand, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Gait Disorders, Neurologic, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Puerperal Disorders, MESH: Thiamine Deficiency, MESH: Polyneuropathies, MESH: Humans, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, food and beverages, MESH: Adult, MESH: Paresthesia, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Male, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, MESH: Quadriplegia, MESH: Young Adult, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Reunion, MESH: Oceanic Ancestry Group, MESH: Female, MESH: Malnutrition
Abstract

International audience; Beriberi is an uncommon disorder related to thiamine deficiency. It is mainly found in underdeveloped countries among populations with poorly diversified diet, consisting largely of milled white cereals, a poor source of thiamine. In industrialized countries, thiamine deficiency with cardiac failure is more frequently found than the dry beriberi in high risk groups like chronic alcoholics. Nevertheless our attention was drawn to an outbreak of 70 cases of dry beriberi which occurred from 1997 to 2005 in the French territories of Reunion and Mayotte islands. It was characterized by an acute or sub-acute sensorimotor polyneuropathy with axonal lesions, affecting the lower limbs and occasionally the upper limbs, sometimes associated with cardiac beriberi. It affected young, non alcoholic individuals from the Mahoran and Comorian community who were in apparent good health when the illness occurred. Our study highlighted the feeding habits which are partly responsible for the development of the disease due to a chronic lack of thiamine and which probably contributed together with multiple cofactors to trigger off the illness. But many elements and mainly biological ones, also lead us to think that there is a genetic predisposition to develop this neuropathy.

Published
2009

9. [Pandalao and skin whitening in Mayotte]

Author

Levang, Julien, Eygonnet, F., Humbert, Philippe, Saas, Philippe, Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])

Subjects
Adult, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, Adolescent, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Black People, Skin Pigmentation, MESH: Adult, Cosmetic Techniques, Middle Aged, Comoros, Young Adult, MESH: Comoros, MESH: Cosmetic Techniques, MESH: Young Adult, Humans, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, MESH: Skin Pigmentation, MESH: African Continental Ancestry Group, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; INTRODUCTION: Skin whitening (SW) is very common in dark-skinned populations and the practice is often named after a popular local brand of product and such is the case in Mayotte where this practice is called "pandalao". PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a descriptive epidemiological study in a sample of black Mahoran women aged 15 and over. The survey comprised a questionnaire completed by 163 women between 12 November 2007 and 24 January 2008. The aim of our study was to investigate the practice of SW in Mayotte and to determine its prevalence. RESULTS: Hundred percent of the subjects were aware of SW and 95% knew people practicing this procedure. The prevalence of users of whitening products was 33%, although 74% of these subjects did not use such products on a regular basis and 89% of the women limited application to exposed areas (visible to others). Sixty-three percent simultaneously applied Diproson (betamethasone dipropionate) and Pandalao, the main component of which is salicylic acid. Fifty-four percent of users had presented one or more adverse effects after application of these products and 28% had stopped this practice due to such adverse effects (chiefly acne and dyschromia). DISCUSSION: Although illegal, the trade in skin whitening products continues to grow because it is profitable and takes full advantage of the success of ethnic cosmetics. In Mayotte, as in metropolitan France and Africa, the existence of SW is acknowledged but is still taboo. However, a number of specific characteristics are seen in Mayotte: SW is rarely performed on the whole body, salicylic acid is added to a topical corticosteroid, and the traditional Mahoran mask, the "mzindzano", is still worn for photoprotection.

Published
2009

10. [Chikungunya, La Réunion and Mayotte, 2005-2006: an epidemic without a story?]

Author

Antoine Flahault, Gilles Aumont, Véronique Boisson, Xavier de Lamballerile, François Favier, didier FONTENILLE, Bernard-Alex Gaüzère, Sophie Journeaux, Vincent Lotteau, Marie-Anne Sanquer, Christophe Paupy, Michel Setbon, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and PAUPY, Christophe

Subjects
MESH: Humans, Alphavirus Infections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Viral Vaccines, MESH: Chikungunya virus, Disease Vectors, MESH: Disease Vectors, Comoros, Disease Outbreaks, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Comoros, MESH: Viral Vaccines, Zoonoses, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Reunion, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Alphavirus Infections, MESH: Zoonoses, Chikungunya virus, Reunion
Abstract

International audience; Many triggering factors for onset of emerging infectious diseases are now recognised, such as: globalisation, demographic increase, population movements, international trade, urbanisation, forest destruction, climate changes, loss in biodiversity, and extreme life conditions such as poverty, famine and war. Epidemic burden is often leading to disasters, in terms of human losses, as well as economic, political or social consequences. These outbreaks may jeopardize within a few weeks or months, industry, trade, or tourism. While dengue and its most severe forms (hemorrhagic and shock syndrome) is spreading all over the tropical world, another arbovirosis, chikungunya disease dramatically spread in Indian Ocean islands where 30 to 75% of population were infected in 2005 and 2006, and then extended its progression towards India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives islands with more than a million people infected with the East-African strain, replacing the former Asian strain which was known to prevail more than 30 years ago in India. Patients experience sequelae with disability, work loss, and rarely severe outcome recently identified in La Réunion and Mayotte (French overseas territories). No country, no part of the world may consider itself as protected against such events. However, consequences of emerging or re-emerging diseases are more and more unacceptable when they impact the poorest countries of the world. Viruses, bacteria, as well as wild animals, birds, or arthropods are not stopped by borders. It is time now to promote barriers against infectious diseases, including prevention, anticipation, disease surveillance and research. This is not only for humanitarian reasons, but also for contributing to a sustainable development with equity for worldwide population. This report presents comprehensive actions taken in 2006 for tracing the epidemic and mobilise research, as requested to the task force set up by the Prime Minister by March 20, 2006.

Published
2007

11. Surveillance and control of rabies in La Reunion, Mayotte, and Madagascar

Author

Jhon H. Rasambainarivo, Steven M. Goodman, Maherisoa Ratsitorahina, Anthony Lepelletier, Jean-Marc Reynes, Laurent Dacheux, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Hervé Bourhy, Jean-Michel Heraud, Ravo Ramiandrasoa, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'Epidémiologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Université d'Antananarivo, Centre National de Référence de la Rage-Dynamique des Lyssavirus et adaptation à l'hôte (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Review, medicine.disease_cause, Comoros, Stray dog, MESH: Dogs, MESH: Madagascar, MESH: Comoros, 0302 clinical medicine, Chiroptera, MESH: Animals, Dog Diseases, MESH: Phylogeny, Socioeconomics, Phylogeny, Likelihood Functions, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Chiroptera, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Epidemiological Monitoring, Enzootic, Veterinary public health, MESH: Reunion, Rabies, MESH: Dog Diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Rabies, Dogs, parasitic diseases, Madagascar, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, National health, MESH: Humans, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, Rabies virus, medicine.disease, veterinary(all), MESH: Likelihood Functions, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, Reunion
Abstract

International audience; Mayotte and La Reunion islands are currently free of animal rabies and surveillance is performed by the French Human and Veterinary Public Health Services. However, dog rabies is still enzootic in Madagascar with 4 to 10 confirmed human cases each year. The number of antirabies medical centres in Madagascar is still scarce to provide easy access to the local population for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis. Furthermore, stray dog populations are considerable and attempts to control rabies by mass campaigns of dog vaccination have not received sufficient attention from the national health authorities. To address these challenges, an expanded program to control rabies needs to be initiated by the Malagasy authorities.

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