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International audience; ObjectivesFungal keratitis is rare in France, but could be a severe sight-threatening condition. Here, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of fungal keratitis in Réunion Island.MethodsIn a retrospective study, we analyzed 13 culture-proven keratitis episodes, occurred between January 2013 and July 2017 in the ophthalmology ward of a University Hospital, Saint-Pierre. Twelve isolates were genotyped and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed.ResultsCorneal abrasion caused by vegetable matter was the main predisposing factor. Stromal infiltration was observed in 12 patients. Six patients did not response to medical treatment, requiring surgical care, including two enucleations surgery. Fusarium solani (n = 6) and Fusarium dimerum (n = 4) were the main fungal species involved in fungal keratitis. Clinical failures were more prevalent with F. solani infections. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations for Fusarium sp. were observed with voriconazole and amphotericin B.ConclusionIn Reunion Island, the epidemiology of fungal keratitis is characterized by the predominance of Fusarium species, potentially involved in visual loss. This pattern is consistent with the epidemiology usually observed in tropical areas.; La kératite fongique est une maladie rare en France, mais potentiellement grave. Nous avons cherché à décrire l’épidémiologie des kératites fongiques à l’île de la Réunion.MéthodesDans une étude rétrospective, nous avons étudié 13 épisodes de kératite fongique survenus entre janvier 2013 et juillet 2017 dans le service d’ophtalmologie du CHU Réunion, Saint-Pierre. Douze isolats ont été identifiés par biologie moléculaire et la sensibilité aux antifongiques a été déterminée par un antifongigramme.RésultatsUn traumatisme par un végétal était le facteur favorisant le plus fréquent. Une atteinte profonde a été observée chez 12 patients. Six patients n’ont pas répondu au traitement médical de première intention, nécessitant une prise en charge chirurgicale, incluant deux énucléations. Fusarium solani (n = 6) et Fusarium dimerum (n = 4) étaient les principales espèces fongiques impliquées dans les kératites fongiques. Les échecs cliniques étaient plus fréquents avec F. solani. Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices les plus basses vis-à-vis de Fusarium sp. ont été observées pour l’amphotéricine B et le voriconazole.ConclusionÀ l’île de la Réunion, l’épidémiologie des kératites fongiques est caractérisée par la prédominance des infections à Fusarium. Ce schéma correspond à un modèle épidémiologique caractéristique des régions tropicales.

International audience; This article examined neural time course differences in the processing of emotional pictures in European and Asian individuals. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in 15 French and 15 Japanese volunteers during the presentation of neutral and emotional pictures in their own country. ERPs were analyzed by means of spatio-temporal Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and allow to evaluate cultural influences on emotional processing along three temporal windows: 105 to 140 ms, 176 to 230 ms and 255 to 455 ms. Main results highlight that (1) early ERP components coded emotional charge but were not modulated by cultural background, (2) later components showed a significant decrease of amplitudes at parieto-occipital areas for Japanese participants compared to French ones in emotional condition. These findings suggest that, in both populations, similar neurocognitive processes are involved in the early stage of the emotional stimuli processing and effects observed on later components may reflect a poorer engagement of parietal areas, known to be involved in emotional arousal dimension. Considering that cognitive judgments were similar in both populations, electrophysiological findings suggest that cultural influences on later stage of emotional processing could be related to the known lower level of emotionally expressive behavior in Japanese than in Caucasians.

International audience; PURPOSE: We examined, retrospectively, the efficacy of voriconazole in Fusarium eye infections. METHODS: Voriconazole-treated patients with proven or probable keratitis or endophthalmitis from the voriconazole database (9 patients) and six French ophthalmology departments (15 patients) were included. Sociodemographic features, predisposing factors, history of corneal trauma, associated ocular conditions, other diseases and prior therapies were analysed. Investigator-determined success was defined as infection resolution with medical treatment. Failure was no response or persistent infection and required surgery. RESULTS: Most patients were Caucasian (83 %) and male (71 %). The infection was keratitis (63 %) or endophthalmitis (37 %) and proven in 23 (96 %). Prior therapy included topical and/or systemic amphotericin (46 %), fluconazole (17 %) or others (33 %), often in combination. Causative fungi were Fusarium solani (14, 58 %), Fusarium moniliforme (1), Fusarium oxysporum (1) and Fusarium spp. (8). Voriconazole was administered systemically, topically and/or by intraocular injection, and 16 patients (67 %) received salvage and eight primary therapy. The overall response was 67 % (73 % keratitis and 56 % endophthalmitis) but seven patients required adjunctive surgery. However, response was 63 % for eight primary therapy patients and 69 % for 16 salvage therapy patients. Response by species was Fusarium solani 64 % (9/14) and all others 80 % (8/10). In 13 patients (77 %), voriconazole was used in combination (response 69 vs. 64 % alone) with topical [amphotericin B 10/24 (42 %), caspofungin 5 (21 %), natamycin 1 (4 %)] and systemic agents [caspofungin 3 (13 %), amphotericin 2 (8 %)]. CONCLUSIONS: Topical and systemic voriconazole appears to be effective alone or in combination with other agents for treating severe Fusarium keratitis or endophthalmitis.