Descriptor: "MESH: HIV Infections" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"MESH: HIV Infections"' showing total 447 results

Start Over Descriptor "MESH: HIV Infections"

447 results on '"MESH: HIV Infections"'

1. Cannabis Use as a Protective Factor Against Overweight in HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infected People (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Cohort)

Author: Barré, Tangui, Sogni, Philippe, Zaegel-Faucher, Olivia, Wittkop, Linda, Marcellin, Fabienne, Carrieri, Patrizia, Gervais, Anne, Levier, Axel, Rosenthal, Eric, Salmon-Céron, Dominique, Protopopescu, Camelia, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Physiopathologie du système immunitaire (Inserm U1223), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département d'hépatologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Immuno-hématologie clinique [Hôpital Sainte Marguerite - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), CIC Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Team MORPH3EUS (INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [AP-HP Hôpital Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Study Group
Subjects: cannabis, obesity, Health (social science), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, body mass index, Hepacivirus, Thinness, Humans, MESH: Hepacivirus, MESH: Overweight, MESH: Protective Factors, MESH: Hepatitis C, MESH: Humans, MESH: Thinness, Coinfection, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, MESH: HIV Infections, Overweight, Protective Factors, MESH: Coinfection, chronic, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Cannabis, hepatitis C, marijuana
Abstract: International audience; Overweight is increasingly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH), and is a high risk factor for metabolic disorders in this population. PLWH co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a higher risk of metabolic disorders than their mono-infected counterparts. The putative relationship between cannabis use and body weight found in the general population has never been documented in HIV-HCV co-infected people. We tested whether cannabis use is associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and underweight in HCV co-infected PLWH (N = 992). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were used to study the association between cannabis use and the three outcomes over time. After multivariable adjustment, cannabis use was inversely associated with BMI. Cannabis use was associated with a lower and higher risk of overweight and underweight, respectively. Cannabis use should be assessed and taken into account in the clinical management of the HIV-HCV co-infected population.
Published: 2022

2. Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacterales: A Cross-sectional and Prospective Study

Author: Laure Surgers, Thibault Chiarabini, Guilhem Royer, Hayette Rougier, Mélanie Mercier-Darty, Dominique Decré, Nadia Valin, Paul-Louis Woerther, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Pierre-Marie Girard, Karine Lacombe, Anders Boyd, Infectious diseases, APH - Methodology, APH - Global Health, Services des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Analyse Bio-Informatique pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme (LABGeM), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de médecine et d'épidémiologie appliquée [AP-HP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard] (IMEA), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Henri Mondor, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de microbiologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil]
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), antibiotic resistance, MESH: Escherichia coli, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: beta-Lactamases, virus diseases, HIV Infections, MESH: HIV Infections, beta-Lactamases, sexual transmission, MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enterobacterales, Infectious Diseases, Escherichia coli, Prevalence, Humans, Female, epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Homosexuality, Male, carriage
Abstract: Background Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) represent a major threat to public health. Little is known on their potential for sexual transmission. Methods We recruited individuals at a sexually transmitted infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient clinic in Paris, France, in whom we evaluated the prevalence of ESBL-E intestinal carriage and, among those testing positive, the proportion with clearance 6 months thereafter. We compared carriage prevalence between groups using logistic regression adjusted for age, geographic origin, travel outside Europe, and antibiotic use in the past 6 months. Results A total of 2157 individuals participated, of whom 226 (10.5%) were ESBL-E carriers. The proportions of ESBL-E carriers varied across sexual groups and were as follows: HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) and who were on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 16.3% (41 of 251); HIV-negative MSM not on PrEP, 9.7% (47 of 487); HIV-positive MSM, 12.2% (61 of 500); HIV-negative men who have sex exclusively with women, 10.0% (44 of 439); and HIV-negative women who have sex with men, 6.9% (n = 33 of 480). After adjustment, ESBL-E prevalence was significantly higher in HIV-negative MSM on PrEP (P Conclusion ESBL-E carriage is more frequent in MSM undergoing PrEP or living with HIV and with increasing number of sexual partners. More research is warranted to understand the consequences of ESBL-E carriage in these populations and how transmission can be reduced.
Published: 2022

3. Female sex workers and police violence during the Covid-19 health crisis in 2020–2021: results from the EPIC multi-country community-based research program in Argentina

Author: Aristegui, I., Castro Avila, J., Villes, V., Delabre, R, Orellano, G., Aguilera, M., Romero, M., Riegel, L., Kretzer, L., Cardozo, N., Radusky, P, Rojas Castro, D., Fundación Huésped [Buenos Aires], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), Asociación de Mujeres Meretrices de Argentina [Buenos Aires, Argentina] (AMMAR), Asociación de Travestis Transexuales y Transgénero de Argentina [Buenos Aires, Argentina] (ATTTA), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), and EPIC Study Group.
Subjects: Adult, MESH: Pandemics, MESH: Humans, Sex Workers, MESH: Sex Workers, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Argentina, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Female sex worker, COVID-19, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Adult, HIV Infections, Community-based organizations, MESH: HIV Infections, Psychiatry and Mental health, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Police violence, MESH: COVID-19, Humans, Female, MESH: Female, Pandemics
Abstract: Background Female sex workers (FSW) have been disproportionately impacted by the Covid-19 crisis. Data show increases of police violence toward key populations (KP), likely a consequence of their role in enforcing health government measures. This study aimed to identify factors associated with police violence experienced by FSW during the Covid-19 crisis in Argentina. Methods EPIC is a multi-country, cross-sectional, community-based research program evaluating the impact of Covid-19 among KP. In Argentina, the study was conducted in collaboration with FSW community-based organizations (CBO). Participants completed an online survey (October 2020–April 2021). Police violence was measured as having experienced episodes of violence (physical, verbal, psychological or sexual) by security forces since the start of the health crisis. Factors associated with police violence were assessed in logistic regression models. Results Among 173 respondents, median age was 34 [IQR 27–42], 39.3% were transgender women (TW), 78.1% declared sex work as their only income and 71.7% mentioned their financial situation has deteriorated with the health crisis. Nearly half of FSW (44.5%) reported experiencing police violence within the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, and among them, 76.6% declared more frequent violence episodes since the beginning of the health crisis. After adjustment for age, being a TW (aOR [95% CI] = 2.71 [1.21;6.05]), reporting non-injection drug use (2.92 [1.02;8.36]), having a considerably deteriorated financial situation (3.67 [1.47;9.21]), having had a consultation with a CBO worker for medical care/treatments (5.56 [2.15;14.37]) and declaring fear or experiences of discrimination by physicians/other health workers (2.97 [1.21;7.29]), since the beginning of the Covid-19 health crisis, were independently associated with police violence. Conclusions FSW in Argentina have experienced an increase in police violence since the beginning of the health crisis. Belonging to multiple KP (FSW, TW, people who use drugs) increases the likelihood of experiencing police violence, highlighting the need of an intersectional approach to develop interventions to reduce stigma and violence against FSW. CBOs have provided essential support and services during the crisis to FSWs, and other KPs, who may have avoided traditional healthcare structures due to fear or experiences of discrimination.
Published: 2022

4. Transient viral exposure drives functionally-coordinated humoral immune responses in HIV-1 post-treatment controllers

Author: Molinos-Albert, Luis, Lorin, Valerie, Monceaux, Valérie, Orr, Sylvie, Essat, Asma, Dufloo, Jérémy, Schwartz, Olivier, Rouzioux, Christine, Meyer, Laurence, Hocqueloux, Laurent, Sáez-Cirión, Asier, Mouquet, Hugo, Group, Anrs Visconti Study, Prazuck, Thierry, Dieuleveult, Barbara De, Bani-Sadr, Firouzé, Hentzien, Maxime, Berger, Jean-Luc, Kmiec, Isabelle, Pichancourt, Gilles, Nasri, Safa, Hittinger, Gilles, Lambry, Véronique, Beauey, Anne-Cécile, Pialoux, Gilles, Palacios, Christia, Siguier, Martin, Adda, Anne, Foucoin, Jane, Weiss, Laurence, Karmochkine, Marina, Meghadecha, Mohamed, Ptak, Magali, Salmon-Ceron, Dominique, Blanche, Philippe, Piétri, Marie-Pierre, Molina, Jean-Michel, Taulera, Olivier, Lascoux-Combe, Caroline, Ponscarme, Diane, Bertaut, Jeannine Delgado, Makhloufi, Djamila, Godinot, Matthieu, Artizzu, Valérie, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Matheron, Sophie, Godard, Cindy, Julia, Zélie, Bernard, Louis, Bastides, Frédéric, Bourgault, Olivier, Jacomet, Christine, Goncalves, Emilie, Meybeck, Agnès, Huleux, Thomas, Cornavin, Pauline, Debab, Yasmine, Théron, David, Miailhes, Patrick, Cotte, Laurent, Pailhes, Sophie, Ogoudjobi, Stanislas, Viard, Jean Paul, Dulucq, Marie-Josée, Bodard, Loïc, Churaqui, Francoise, Guimard, Thomas, Laine, Laetitia, Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Microbiologie Clinique [Paris], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), La Source Hospital-CHR, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut (Avignon), CHI de Toulon, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing], Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Institut mutualiste Monsouris (IMM), Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon (CHD Vendée), We thank the NIH AIDS Reagent Program (Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH) for contributing to reagents and the Agence National de Recherche sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales (ANRS) for an equipment grant support (AO2013-2 #13553, H.M.). L.M. M-A. is the recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini program (Institut Pasteur). H.M. received core grants from the Institut Pasteur, the INSERM and the Milieu Intérieur Program (ANR-10-LABX-69-01). This work was conducted in the context of the ANRS RHIVIERA consortium, and was supported by the ANRS and the NIH/NIAID (grant #: P01AI131365, H.M.)., ANRS VISCONTI Study Group Thierry Prazuck, Barbara De Dieuleveult, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Maxime Hentzien, Jean-Luc Berger, Isabelle Kmiec, Gilles Pichancourt, Safa Nasri, Gilles Hittinger, Véronique Lambry, Anne-Cécile Beauey, Gilles Pialoux, Christia Palacios, Martin Siguier, Anne Adda, Jane Foucoin, Laurence Weiss, Marina Karmochkine, Mohamed Meghadecha, Magali Ptak, Dominique Salmon-Ceron, Philippe Blanche, Marie-Pierre Piétri, Jean-Michel Molina, Olivier Taulera, Caroline Lascoux-Combe, Diane Ponscarme, Jeannine Delgado Bertaut, Djamila Makhloufi, Matthieu Godinot, Valérie Artizzu, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Sophie Matheron, Cindy Godard, Zélie Julia, Louis Bernard, Frédéric Bastides, Olivier Bourgault, Christine Jacomet, Emilie Goncalves, Agnès Meybeck, Thomas Huleux, Pauline Cornavin, Yasmine Debab, David Théron, Patrick Miailhes, Laurent Cotte, Sophie Pailhes, Stanislas Ogoudjobi, Jean Paul Viard, Marie-Josée Dulucq, Loïc Bodard, Francoise Churaqui, Thomas Guimard & Laetitia Laine, ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, General Physics and Astronomy, HIV Infections, General Chemistry, MESH: HIV Infections, Antibodies, Neutralizing, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Immunity, Humoral, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: HIV-1, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, HIV-1, Humans, Viremia, MESH: Immunity, Humoral, MESH: Viremia
Abstract: HIV-1 post-treatment controllers are rare individuals controlling HIV-1 infection for years after antiretroviral therapy interruption. Identification of immune correlates of control in post-treatment controllers could aid in designing effective HIV-1 vaccine and remission strategies. Here, we perform comprehensive immunoprofiling of the humoral response to HIV-1 in long-term post-treatment controllers. Global multivariate analyses combining clinico-virological and humoral immune data reveal distinct profiles in post-treatment controllers experiencing transient viremic episodes off therapy compared to those stably aviremic. Virally-exposed post-treatment controllers display stronger HIV-1 humoral responses, and develop more frequently Env-specific memory B cells and cross-neutralizing antibodies. Both are linked to short viremic exposures, which are also accompanied by an increase in blood atypical memory B cells and activated subsets of circulating follicular helper T cells. Still, most humoral immune variables only correlate with Th2-like circulating follicular helper T cells. Thus, post-treatment controllers form a heterogeneous group with two distinct viral behaviours and associated immune signatures. Post-treatment controllers stably aviremic present “silent” humoral profiles, while those virally-exposed develop functionally robust HIV-specific B-cell and antibody responses, which may participate in controlling infection.
Published: 2022

5. Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies tether viral particles at the surface of infected cells

Author: Jérémy Dufloo, Cyril Planchais, Stéphane Frémont, Valérie Lorin, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Karl Stefic, Nicoletta Casartelli, Arnaud Echard, Philippe Roingeard, Hugo Mouquet, Olivier Schwartz, Timothée Bruel, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED562 - BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Trafic membranaire et Division cellulaire - Membrane Traffic and Cell Division, Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Plateforme IBISA de Microscopie Electronique [CHRU de Tours] (UNIV Tours), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), O.S. is funded by Institut Pasteur, Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Sidaction, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), 'TIMTAMDEN' ANR-14-CE14-0029, 'CHIKV-Viro-Immuno' ANR-14-CE14-0015-01, and the Gilead HIV cure program. J.D. is funded by a Ph.D grant from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. H.M. is funded by the Institut Pasteur, the Milieu Intérieur Program (ANR-10-LABX-69-01), INSERM, ANRS, and Gilead HIV cure program. C.P. was supported by an ANRS fellowship. A.E. and S.F. are funded by Institut Pasteur, CNRS, and ANRS (ANRS-21020 AP2020-2). P.R. is funded by INSERM, Université de Tours and ANRS., ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0029,TIMTAMDEN,Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue(2014), ANR-14-CE14-0015,CHIKV-Viro-Immuno,Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Institut Pasteur, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), and Université de Tours
Subjects: MESH: Epitopes, T-Lymphocytes, Science, viruses, General Physics and Astronomy, HIV Infections, MESH: Host Microbial Interactions, HIV Antibodies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cell Line, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: HIV-1, Epitopes, MESH: Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Humans, MESH: Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, Host Microbial Interactions, MESH: HIV Antibodies, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Virion, env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, virus diseases, General Chemistry, MESH: HIV Infections, Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: Cell Line, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, HIV-1, MESH: Virion, MESH: env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Abstract: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) are promising molecules for therapeutic or prophylactic interventions. Beyond neutralization, bNAbs exert Fc-dependent functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and activation of the complement. Here, we show that a subset of bNAbs targeting the CD4 binding site and the V1/V2 or V3 loops inhibit viral release from infected cells. We combined immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunogold staining to reveal that some bNAbs form large aggregates of virions at the surface of infected cells. This activity correlates with the capacity of bNAbs to bind to Env at the cell surface and to neutralize cell-free viral particles. We further show that antibody bivalency is required for viral retention, and that aggregated virions are neutralized. We have thus identified an additional antiviral activity of bNAbs, which block HIV-1 release by tethering viral particles at the surface of infected cells., O.S. is funded by Institut Pasteur, Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Sidaction, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), “TIMTAMDEN” ANR-14-CE14-0029, “CHIKV-Viro-Immuno” ANR-14-CE14-0015-01, and the Gilead HIV cure program. J.D. is funded by a Ph.D grant from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. H.M. is funded by the Institut Pasteur, the Milieu Intérieur Program (ANR-10-LABX-69-01), INSERM, ANRS, and Gilead HIV cure program. C.P. was supported by an ANRS fellowship. A.E. and S.F. are funded by Institut Pasteur, CNRS, and ANRS (ANRS-21020 AP2020-2). P.R. is funded by INSERM, Université de Tours and ANRS.
Published: 2022

6. Rate and Predictors of Ineffective HIV Protection in African Men Who Have Sex with Men Taking Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Author: Eubanks, August, Coulibaly, Bakary, Dembélé Keita, Bintou, Anoma, Camille, Dah, ter Tiero Elias, Mensah, Ephrem, Maradan, Gwenaëlle, Bourrelly, Michel, Mora, Marion, Riegel, Lucas, Rojas Castro, Daniela, Yaya, Issifou, Spire, Bruno, Laurent, Christian, Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), ARCAD Santé PLUS [Bamako, Mali], Espace Confiance [Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire], Association African Solidarité [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Espoir Vie Togo [Lomé, Togo], Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and The COHMSM-PrEP Study Group.
Subjects: Male, Social Psychology, Anti-HIV Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Community-based research, Burkina Faso, West Africa, Humans, MESH: Burkina Faso, Prospective Studies, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, MESH: HIV Infections, PrEP, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Infectious Diseases, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, MESH: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Abstract: We investigated the rate and predictors of ineffective HIV protection in men who have sex with men (MSM) taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a prospective cohort study from November 2017 to November 2020 in Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Togo. MSM had to be 18 years or older and at high risk of HIV infection to participate. They also received a comprehensive sexual health prevention package, including PrEP, in community-based clinics as part of the cohort study. Using socio-behavioral/clinical data, HIV protection during their most recent anal intercourse with a male partner was categorized as effective or ineffective (i.e., incorrect PrEP adherence and no condom use). Seventeen percent (500/2839) of intercourses were ineffectively protected for the 520 study participants. Predictors of ineffective HIV protection included being an event-driven user with financial difficulties, having a high alcohol misuse score, and not being a member of a community association. PrEP programs in West Africa must be tailored to socially vulnerable MSM who struggle to adopt PrEP.En este artículo hemos investigado la proporción y los factores predictivos de la protección ineficaz de VIH en un grupo de hombres, que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) y que usan la profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP). Se usaron los datos de un estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado entre noviembre del 2017 y noviembre del 2020 en Mali, Costa de Marfil, Burkina Faso y Togo. Los participantes son HSH, de 18 años o más, y con alto riesgo de contaminación por el VIH. Estos han recibido un paquete completo de prevención en salud sexual incluyendo la PrEP en clínicas comunitarias como parte del estudio de cohorte. La protección contra el VIH durante la última relación sexual anal con un hombre fue categorizada como eficaz o ineficaz a partir de datos socio-comportamentales/clínicos (i.e. adhesión incorrecta à la PrEP y no utilización del condón). Concerniente a 520 participantes, 17% (500/2839) de las relaciones sexuales fueron protegidas de manera ineficaz. Entre los factores predictivos de la protección ineficaz contra el VIH se encuentran, el uso intermitente de la PrEP asociado a una situación financiera difícil, el consumo de alcohol y no ser miembro de una asociación comunitaria. Los programas de PrEP en África del Oeste, deben adaptarse a los HSH más vulnerables quienes podrían tener más dificultad para adoptar la PrEP.
Published: 2022

7. Risk Prediction Score for Screening Asymptomatic Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-positive French Men Who Have Sex with Men (ANRS 9520 DRIVER)

Author: Martin, Duracinsky, Svetlane, Dimi, Maria Patrizia, Carrieri, Issifou, Yaya, Virginie, Villes, Nadia, Valin, Eric, Farfour, Olivier, Chassany, David, Zucman, Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité de recherche clinique en économie de la santé [Paris] (URC Eco), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Service de Médecine Interne - Immunologie Clinique [AP-HP Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service de Médecine Interne [Hôpital Foch, Suresnes] (SMI), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Sexual Behavior, Health (social science), MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, Social Psychology, Sexual Behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV Infections, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, MESH: Male, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sexual and Gender Minorities, MESH: HIV Seropositivity, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: Asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STI) are frequent among men who have sex with men (MSM). Identifying asymptomatic STIs is a crucial issue, not only for secondary but also for primary prevention, as early treatment can reduce transmission risk. We aimed to develop a self-reported predictive score for early identification of asymptomatic STIs. Methods: Participants provided clinical data and completed a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic variables and behaviors during the 6 previous months. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with asymptomatic STIs. We calculated the accuracy of the model by the non-parametric area (AUC) under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve to find the optimal discriminant threshold for screening. Results:A total of 781 HIV-positive MSM were included with a mean age of 46.8 years. Asymptomatic STI prevalence was 13.2%. Detectable plasma HIV RNA (adjusted odds ratio (aOR [95% CI): 2.54 [1.23;5.25]), inconsistent condom use during anal sex (2.20 [1.36;3.56]), group sex (2.00 [1.15;3.45]), during or-genital practices (1.83 [1.12;3.01]), not being in stable relationship (1.70 [1.01;2.66] and an item from a sensation-seeking behavioral scale "I don't like watching porn videos" (1.61 [1.01;2.59] were associated with asymptomatic STI. AUC was 0.7 and with optimal threshold of 0.1082 for this model; sensitivity was 80.4%. Self-reported asymptomatic STI predictive score was built with this threshold according to the 6 factors in the final model. Conclusions: As this predictive score is not designed to be diagnostic, but to provide indications for diagnostic tests, its ease of administration and sensitivity remain the most important features. Its use in clinical practice for early detection of asymptomatic STIs potentially can reinforce STI primary and secondary prevention.
Published: 2022

8. Novel FujiLAM assay to detect tuberculosis in HIV-positive ambulatory patients in four African countries: a diagnostic accuracy study

Author: Helena Huerga, Mathieu Bastard, Alex Vicent Lubega, Milcah Akinyi, Natalia Tamayo Antabak, Liesbet Ohler, Winnie Muyindike, Ivan Mugisha Taremwa, Rosanna Stewart, Claire Bossard, Nothando Nkosi, Zibusiso Ndlovu, Catherine Hewison, Turyahabwe Stavia, Gordon Okomo, Jeremiah Okari Ogoro, Jacqueline Ngozo, Mduduzi Mbatha, Couto Aleny, Stephen Wanjala, Mohammed Musoke, Daniel Atwine, Alexandra Ascorra, Elisa Ardizzoni, Martina Casenghi, Gabriella Ferlazzo, Lydia Nakiyingi, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Maryline Bonnet, Epicentre [Paris] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Epicentre Ouganda [Mbarara] [Médecins Sans Frontières], Médecins sans Frontières [Nairobi, Kenya], Médecins Sans Frontières [Cape Town, South Africa], Médecins Sans Frontières [Paris] (MSF), Uganda Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health [Nairobi, Kenya], Ministry of Health [Mozambique], Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and This study was funded by the ANRS (grant number 20314) and Médecins Sans Frontières. FujiLAM tests were donated by the Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics.
Subjects: MESH: Humans, MESH: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MESH: African People, MESH: South Africa, MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH: Tuberculosis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: HIV Infections, General Medicine, MESH: Lipopolysaccharides, MESH: Female, MESH: Male, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract: International audience; Background: Development of rapid biomarker-based tests that can diagnose tuberculosis using non-sputum samples is a priority for tuberculosis control. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the novel Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) assay with the WHO-recommended Alere Determine TB-LAM Ag test (AlereLAM) using urine samples from HIV-positive patients.Methods: We did a diagnostic accuracy study at five outpatient public health facilities in Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, and South Africa. Eligible patients were ambulatory HIV-positive individuals (aged ≥15 years) with symptoms of tuberculosis irrespective of their CD4 T-cell count (group 1), and asymptomatic patients with advanced HIV disease (CD4 count
Published: 2022

9. Loss to Follow-Up from HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care in Men Who Have Sex with Men in West Africa

Author: August, Eubanks, Bakary, Coulibaly, Bintou Dembélé, Keita, Camille, Anoma, Ter Tiero Elias, Dah, Ephrem, Mensah, Gwenaëlle, Maradan, Michel, Bourrelly, Marion, Mora, Lucas, Riegel, Daniela, Rojas Castro, Issifou, Yaya, Bruno, Spire, Christian, Laurent, Luis, Sagaon-Teyssier, The CohMSM-PrEP Study Group, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), ARCAD Santé PLUS [Bamako, Mali], Espace Confiance [Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire], Association African Solidarité [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], Espoir Vie Togo [Lomé, Togo], Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and The CohMSM-PrEP Study Group
Subjects: Male, Anti-HIV Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, community-based research, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Virology, West Africa, Burkina Faso, key populations, Humans, MESH: Burkina Faso, MSM, Prospective Studies, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Humans, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, PrEP, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, pre-exposure prophylaxis, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, MESH: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; Loss to follow-up (LTFU) from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care compromises the goal of HIV elimination. We investigated the proportion of LTFU and associated risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in a PrEP demonstration project in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Togo. CohMSM-PrEP, a prospective cohort study, was conducted between November 2017 and June 2021 in community-based clinics. MSM aged 18 years or older at substantial risk of HIV infection received a comprehensive prevention package, including PrEP and peer education. LTFU was defined as not returning to the clinic for six months. Associated risk factors were investigated using a time-varying Cox’s model. Of 647 participants followed up for a median time of 15 months, 372 were LTFU (57.5%). LTFU was associated with younger age (adjusted hazard ratio [95% Confidence Interval]; 1.50 [1.17–1.94]), unemployment (1.33 [1.03–1.71]), depression (1.63 [1.12–2.38]), and perceiving no HIV risk with stable male partners (1.61 [1.23–2.10]). Contacting peer educators outside of scheduled visits was protective (0.74 [0.56–0.97]). Our findings show that LTFU from PrEP care in West African MSM is a major challenge to achieving HIV elimination, but that the involvement of peer educators in PrEP delivery helps to limit LTFU by providing users with adequate support.
Published: 2022

10. Alveolar echinococcosis in immunocompromised hosts

Author: Autier, Brice, Gottstein, Bruno, Millon, Laurence, Ramharter, Michael, Gruener, Beate, Bresson-Hadni, Solange, Dion, Sarah, Robert-Gangneux, Florence, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Faculty of Medicine [Bern], University of Bern, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ESCMID [Basel], Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), Universitätsklinikum Ulm - University Hospital of Ulm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Hôpital Universitaire de Genève = University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), None, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Leres (Laboratoire d’étude et de recherche en environnement et santé)—UMR_S 1085 , Rennes, France, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Centre National de Référence Echinococcoses (CNR-E), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), and Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Transplantation, MESH: Humans, Alveolar echinococcosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, HIV, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: HIV Infections, General Medicine, Immunosuppressive therapy, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Malignant haemopathy, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, Echinococcus multilocularis, Primary immune deficiency, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, Cancer
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) results of an infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. It has been increasingly described in individuals with impaired immune responsiveness. OBJECTIVES: This narrative review aims at describing the presentation of AE according to the type of immune impairment, based on retrospective cohorts and case reports. Implications for patient management and future research are proposed accordingly. SOURCES: Targeted search was conducted in PubMed using ((alveolar echinococcosis) OR (multilocularis)) AND ((immunosuppressive) OR (immunodeficiency) OR (AIDS) OR (solid organ transplant) OR (autoimmunity) OR (immune deficiency)). Only publications in English were considered. CONTENT: Seventeen publications were found, including 13 reports of 55 AE in immunocompromised patients (AE/IS) and 4 retrospective studies of 755 AE immunocompetent patients (AE/IC) and 115 AE/IS (13%). The cohorts included 9 (1%) solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients, 2 (0.2%) HIV patients, 41 (4.7%) with chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases (I/AID) and 72 (8.3%) with malignancies. SOT, I/AID and malignancies, but not HIV infection, were significantly associated with AE (odds ratios of 10.8, 1.6, 5.9 and 1.3, respectively). Compared to AE/IC, AE/IS was associated with earlier diagnosis (PNM stages I-II: 49/85 (58%) vs 137/348 (39%), p
Published: 2022

11. Fear of stigma from health professionals and family/neighbours and healthcare avoidance among PLHIV in Morocco: results from the Stigma Index survey Morocco

Author: Rosemary M, Delabre, Amal Ben, Moussa, Virginie, Villes, Mohammed, Elkhammas, Lahoucine, Ouarsas, Daniela, Castro Rojas Castro, Mehdi, Karkouri, Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), Association de Lutte Contre le SIDA [Marrakech, Morocco], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM)
Subjects: Male, Health Personnel, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Social Stigma, MESH: Delivery of Health Care, MESH: Fear, HIV Infections, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, Key Populations, MESH: Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, Fear, Healthcare access, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Male, Morocco, Stigma, MESH: Morocco, MESH: Health Personnel, Female, MESH: Social Stigma, Delivery of Health Care, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background Enacted or anticipated stigma among people living with HIV (PLHIV) can negatively impact healthcare engagement. We identified factors associated with having avoided HIV health services for fear of stigma among PLHIV in Morocco. Methods The Stigma Index survey was conducted in Morocco in March-June 2016. Factors associated with avoiding HIV testing and treatment services for fear of stigma by (A) health personnel or family/neighbours and (B) health personnel and family/neighbours compared to people who did not avoid health services for fear of stigma from either of the two sources were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models. Results Among 583 respondents, 280 (48.0%) were women and median number of years living with HIV was 5[IQR:2–7]. Half of the respondents reported avoiding health services for fear of stigma by health personnel and/or family/neighbours: (A) n = 228, 39.1% and (B) n = 68, 11.7%. After adjustment on perceived health status, not having had easy access to antiretroviral treatment ((A) aRR [95% CI] = 1.76[1.16; 2.68]; (B) 2.18[1.11; 4.27]), discrimination by PLHIV ((A) 1.87[1.12; 3.13]; (B) 3.35[1.63; 6.88]) and exclusion from social activities ((A) 1.70[1.10; 2.61]; (B) 2.63[1.39; 5.00]) were associated with having avoided health services for fear of stigma by health personnel or/and family/neighbours. Being female (2.85[1.48; 5.47]), not having been referred for an HIV test for suspected symptoms 3.47[1.67; 7.22], having discussed sexual/reproductive health with a health professional (4.56[2.38; 8.71]), and not having the feeling to influence decisions on local projects for PLHIV (3.47[1.37; 7.83], were associated with having avoided health services for fear of stigma by both sources. Conclusion Results suggest a cumulative effect of fear of stigma and discrimination among PLHIV in Morocco. PLHIV who have experienced discrimination may seek to avoid similar situations at the expense of their health. These results should inform multi-level interventions and broader advocacy efforts to reduce stigma and discrimination.
Published: 2022

12. What can lead to late diagnosis of HIV in an illegal gold mining environment? A qualitative study at the French Guiana’s border with Brazil

Author: Floersheim, Charlotte, Musso, Sandrine, Eubanks, August, Douine, Maylis, Spire, Bruno, Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis, Parriault, Marie, Girard, Gabriel, Mosnier, Emilie, Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: MESH: Aged, Public health, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV & AIDS, MESH: Adult, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Mining, MESH: Male, MESH: Delayed Diagnosis, MESH: French Guiana, MESH: Gold, MESH: Brazil, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Objective The present study aimed to understand what factors can lead to late HIV diagnosis of illegal gold miners at French Guiana's border with Brazil. Design An exploratory qualitative study with in-depth interviews and observations was conducted between November 2019 and February 2020. Setting The study was conducted in the main medical healthcare service and two non-governmental organisation premises in the Oyapock border region, which is a supply area for illegal gold mining sites. Participants Fifteen people living with HIV diagnosed with CD4 count
Published: 2022

13. PrEP in the Context of Other HIV Risk Reduction Strategies Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Results from the Flash! PrEP in Europe Survey

Author: Marion Di Ciaccio, Rosemary M. Delabre, Antoine Vilotitch, Giulio Maria Corbelli, Virginie Villes, Alejandro Ros Sánchez, Paul Zantkuijl, Holger Sweers, Flor Sanchez, Michael Meulbroek, Gus Cairns, Adeline Bernier, Jade Ghosn, Luìs Miguel Carvalho Rocha, Maria Luisa Cosmaro, Sascha Béla Duken, Monica Dan, Vincent Schlegel, Richard Stranz, Kai J. Jonas, Bruno Spire, Daniela Rojas Castro, Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie Sociale (GRePS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), Plus [Rome, Italy], Soa Aids Nederland [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], Deutsche AIDS-Hilfe E.V. [Berlin, Germany], Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Projecte dels NOMS - Hispanosida, NAM [London, UK], Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos [Lisbon, Portugal] (GAT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Fondazione LILA Milano [Milan, Italy] (FLM), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Romanian Association Against AIDS [Bucharest, Romania] (ARAS), AIDES [Pantin, France] (Mission Innovation Recherche Expérimentation), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Klinische Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), RS: FPN WSP II, and Section Applied Social Psychology
Subjects: Male, MESH: Sexual Behavior, Anti-HIV Agents, Sexual Behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV prevention, HIV Infections, BEHAVIORS, Condoms, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities, MESH: Condoms, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Community-based research, PREVENTION TASP, Humans, MESH: Sexual Partners, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, General Psychology, POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS, MESH: Humans, MESH: HIV Infections, PrEP, MESH: Male, Europe, MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, GAY, Sexual Partners, ACCEPTABILITY, MESH: Risk Reduction Behavior, PATTERNS, Sexual orientation, MESH: Europe, Risk Reduction Behavior, PREEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
Abstract: International audience; Combination HIV prevention covers a range of biomedical, behavioral, and socio-structural interventions. Despite the growing availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), it is not always accessible in European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reporting countries and may not meet the needs of all at-risk populations. Based on the Flash! PrEP in Europe data, multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to identify patterns in HIV prevention strategies among 9980 men who have sex with men (MSM). PrEP interest was evaluated among four identified clusters: (A) "high condom use, sometimes Treatment as Prevention (TasP)"; (B) "mix of methods, infrequent condom use"; (C) "high condom use, tendency to choose partners based on serological status" and (D) "moderate use of condoms mixed with other prevention strategies". Clusters B and D had higher PrEP interest. These results suggest that MSM use a range of behavioral and biomedical risk reduction strategies that are often combined. On-demand PrEP may meet the needs of MSM who infrequently use condoms and other prevention methods.
Published: 2022

14. Reprogramming dysfunctional CD8+ T cells to promote properties associated with natural HIV control

Author: Federico Perdomo-Celis, Caroline Passaes, Valérie Monceaux, Stevenn Volant, Faroudy Boufassa, Pierre de Truchis, Morgane Marcou, Katia Bourdic, Laurence Weiss, Corinne Jung, Christine Bourgeois, Cécile Goujard, Laurence Meyer, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Olivier Lambotte, Asier Sáez-Cirión, HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Immunologie des maladies virales, auto-immunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], This work was funded by the ANRS, the NIH (UM1AI164562), co-funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). FPC was supported by the ANRS and a Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. The authors thank Gilead for their financial support in acquiring the Fortessa cytometer., and Passaes, Caroline
Subjects: MESH: Humans, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Adaptive immunity, Immunology, HIV Infections, General Medicine, Cellular immune response, MESH: HIV Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, AIDS/HIV, MESH: HIV-1, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, HIV-1, Humans, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Viremia, Immunotherapy, MESH: Viremia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Abstract: International audience; Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in HIV-1 natural controllers to maintain suppressed viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. These cells display a memory program that confers them stemness properties, high survival, polyfunctionality, proliferative capacity, metabolic plasticity, and antiviral potential. The development and maintenance of such qualities by memory CD8+ T cells appear crucial to achieving natural HIV-1 control. Here, we show that targeting the signaling pathways Wnt/transcription factor T cell factor 1 (Wnt/TCF-1) and mTORC through GSK3 inhibition to reprogram HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from noncontrollers promoted functional capacities associated with natural control of infection. Features of such reprogrammed cells included enrichment in TCF-1+ less-differentiated subsets, a superior response to antigen, enhanced survival, polyfunctionality, metabolic plasticity, less mTORC1 dependency, an improved response to γ-chain cytokines, and a stronger HIV-suppressive capacity. Thus, such CD8+ T cell reprogramming, combined with other available immunomodulators, might represent a promising strategy for adoptive cell therapy in the search for an HIV-1 cure.
Published: 2022

15. Microbial Protein Binding to gC1qR Drives PLA2G1B-Induced CD4 T-Cell Anergy

Author: Pothlichet, Julien, Meola, Annalisa, Bugault, Florence, Jeammet, Louise, Savitt, Anne, Ghebrehiwet, Berhane, Touqui, Lhousseine, Pouletty, Philippe, Fiore, Frédéric, Sauvanet, Alain, Thèze, Jacques, Diaccurate SAS, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Mucoviscidose et bronchopathies chroniques : biopathologie et phénotype cliniques - Cystic Fibrosis and Bronchial Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'Immunophénomique (CIPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de chirurgie hepato-pancreato-biliaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was part of the ANRS program EP33., We are grateful to J.-F. Delfraissy and O. Lambotte that were principal investigators of the clinical study of HIV patients (the ANRS program EP33) and were involved in patient selection and the characterization of biological parameters. We thank G. Lambeau for helpful discussions and the gift of PLA2G1B proteins. We wish to thank E. Perret, P. Roux, A. Salles, and S. Shorte (UTechS PBI/C2RT, Institut Pasteur) for their microscopy expertise. We also wish to thank P. Casanova and S. Rosario (Service Prévention des Risques, Direction Ressources Techniques et Environnement, Institut Pasteur) for their help in the radioactivity platform. We are grateful to F. Rey, I. Fernandez, and P. Guardado Calvo for helpful discussions concerning the gp41 protein. We also thank B. Georges for the search for 3S-like peptide motifs in sequence databases. We gratefully acknowledge B. Malissen for his critical review of the manuscript., and Meola, Annalisa
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, staphylococcus aureus, PLA2G1B, infectious disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, MESH: Membrane Glycoproteins, HIV Infections, MESH: Carrier Proteins, porphyromonas gingivalis, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, MESH: Protein Binding, Group IB Phospholipases A2, MESH: Group IB Phospholipases A2, Clonal Anergy, Membrane Glycoproteins, MESH: Humans, Interleukin-7, HIV, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD4 T cell, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Interleukin-7, Receptors, Complement, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Receptors, Complement, gC1qR, HCV, MESH: Clonal Anergy, Carrier Proteins, Protein Binding
Abstract: The origin of the impaired CD4 T-cell response and immunodeficiency of HIV-infected patients is still only partially understood. We recently demonstrated that PLA2G1B phospholipase synergizes with the HIV gp41 envelope protein in HIV viremic plasma to induce large abnormal membrane microdomains (aMMDs) that trap and inactivate physiological receptors, such as those for IL-7. However, the mechanism of regulation of PLA2G1B activity by the cofactor gp41 is not known. Here, we developed an assay to directly follow PLA2G1B enzymatic activity on CD4 T-cell membranes. We demonstrated that gp41 directly binds to PLA2G1B and increases PLA2G1B enzymatic activity on CD4 membrane. Furthermore, we show that the conserved 3S sequence of gp41, known to bind to the innate sensor gC1qR, increases PLA2G1B activity in a gC1qR-dependent manner using gC1qR KO cells. The critical role of the 3S motif and gC1qR in the inhibition of CD4 T-cell function by the PLA2G1B/cofactor system in HIV-infected patients led us to screen additional microbial proteins for 3S-like motifs and to study other proteins known to bind to the gC1qR to further investigate the role of the PLA2G1B/cofactor system in other infectious diseases and carcinogenesis. We have thus extended the PLA2G1B/cofactor system to HCV and Staphylococcus aureus infections and additional pathologies where microbial proteins with 3S-like motifs also increase PLA2G1B enzymatic activity. Notably, the bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), encodes such a cofactor protein and increased PLA2G1B activity in PDAC patient plasma inhibits the CD4 response to IL-7. Our findings identify PLA2G1B/cofactor system as a CD4 T-cell inhibitor. It involves the gC1qR and disease-specific cofactors which are gC1qR-binding proteins that can contain 3S-like motifs. This mechanism involved in HIV-1 immunodeficiency could play a role in pancreatic cancer and several other diseases. These observations suggest that the PLA2G1B/cofactor system is a general CD4 T-cell inhibitor and pave the way for further studies to better understand the role of CD4 T-cell anergy in infectious diseases and tumor escape.
Published: 2022

16. Addressing sexuality and sexual health with migrants. Practice guidelines

Author: Hugues, Cordel, Claire, Tantet, Tatiana, Stempak, Eric, Billaud, Emilie, Mosnier, Florence, Huber, Sophie, Florence, Delphine, Leclerc, Anaeza, Freire-Maresca, Hélène, de Champs Léger, Marie, Ahouanto, François, Linard, Marie, Petruzzi, Emmanuelle, Hamel, Emmanuelle, Le Lay, Nathalie, Lydié, Anna, Simon, Leslie, Alcouffe, Nicolas, Vignier, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Sud, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Alès-Cévennes (CHAC), Croix-rouge française [Cayenne, Guyane Fraçaise], Réseau Kikiwi [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service de Santé Sexuelle Paris Centre - Ville de Paris [Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu APHP] (3SPC), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Ministère de la Justice [Paris, France], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
Subjects: Transients and Migrants, MESH: Sexual Behavior, MESH: Humans, Sexual health, MESH: Transients and Migrants, Sexual Behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV, HIV Infections, MESH: HIV Infections, Migrants, PrEP, MESH: Sexuality, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Humans, MESH: Sexual Health, Female, Sexuality, Sexual violence, MESH: Female
Abstract: Sexual health is an integral part of overall health and should be discussed with all people who seek help. The Vaccination and Prevention working group of the French Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF) and the Migrant Commission of the French AIDS Society (SFLS) developed recommendations to address this issue with migrants presenting vulnerability factors. After defining sexual health and target migrants, practical recommendations were issued. Sexual health can be discussed simply with migrants or people with an immigrant background. Some migrants are exposed to sexual vulnerability due to their migration route, social isolation, administrative and housing insecurity, gender inequalities, and discrimination. Situations of sexual vulnerability, sexual violence, and female genital mutilation should be systematically identified and followed by appropriate care that respects the migrant's needs. Extended screening for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be systematically offered as part of a "migrant health checkup" and completed, if necessary, with information on preventing tools for HIV, STIs, unwanted pregnancies, and sexual violence. In this population, it is important to check if vaccinations are up to date. Sexology and addiction counselling is sometimes useful. The specific needs of LGBTQIA+ people with an immigrant background should be taken into account.
Published: 2022

17. Global and regional epidemiology of HIV-1 recombinants in 1990–2015: a systematic review and global survey

Author: Dawit Wolday, Neil Parkin, Bryan Schroeder, Mary S. Campbell, Barbara Ensoli, Jean-Claude Karasi, Connie Celum, Ard van Sighem, Marcia L. Kalish, Gillian Hunt, Jurgen Vercauteren, Dimitrios Chatzidimitriou, Beth Chaplin, Alex Carrera, Ruth L. Goodall, Guido van der Groen, Martine Peeters, Leondios G. Kostrikis, Edward Karamov, Francine E. McCutchan, Cecilia Rademeyer, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Michael M. Thomson, Fred Mhalu, Christopher M. Parry, Florian Neuhann, Jean-Marc Reynes, James I. Mullins, Vivek R. Nerurkar, Pontiano Kaleebu, Phyllis J. Kanki, Christine Rousseau, Deepak A Gadkari, Luzia Mayr, Kristel Van Laethem, Vincent Foulongne, Guy Michel Gershy-Damet, Lesley Wallace, Mika Salminen, Carolyn Williamson, John L. Mokili, África Holguín, Horacio Salomon, James Brandful, Alexandra Pelletier, Philippe Van de Perre, Xiang He, Tyna Tran, Marie Bruckova, Jianqing Xu, Monick Lindenmeyer-Guimarães, Stefano Buttò, Anoumou Y. Dagnra, Deenan Pillay, Doreen Mloka, Aleksei F Bobkov, Mejda Nasr, Ivette Lorenzana de Rivera, Kenneth E. Robbins, Elisabeth Menu, Ruengpung Sutthent, María Gabriela Barbás, Hervé Fleury, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Rong Zhang, Luigi Buonaguro, Linqi Zhang, David D. Ho, Kayitesi Kayitenkore, Chris P. Archibald, Mario L. Santiago, Dennis Ellenberger, Boaz Avidor, Peter N. Fonjungo, Claudine Nolte, Nicole Vidal, Silvia Bertagnolio, Mohamed Ali Bel Hadj Kacem, Philippe Nyambi, Marianna Ofner, Abdoulaye Dieng Sarr, Rafael Nájera, Chun Kang, Claudia Kücherer, Manuel Gómez Carrillo, El Hadj Belabbes, Simon Agwale, Zhiwei Chen, Zehava Grossman, Dominic M. Dwyer, Eric Van Wijngaerden, Jean W. Pape, Beatrice H. Hahn, Angie N Pinto, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Lucía Pérez-Álvarez, Peter D. Ghys, Franco M. Buonaguro, Sylvester Sempala, Vlad Novitsky, Banson Barugahare, Judith R. Glynn, Jason Yun, Macarthur Charles, Katsumi Chijiwa, Kok Keng Tee, Julia del Amo, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Federico García, Awatef Moussi, Elena Delgado, Hiroshi Ushijima, Shambavi Subbarao, Ray Handema, Catherine A. Brennan, Paul Sandstrom, David A. Cooper, Joel R. Neilson, Ramyiadarsini Elangovan, Dwip Kitayaporn, Claudia Lara, Max Essex, Osamah Hamouda, Anna Papa, Hanan Salem, Elijah M. Songok, Fausta Mosha, Helba Bredell, Shlomo Maayan, Joshua T. Herbeck, Yiming Shao, Ansari Shaik, Kiran Thapa, Jean K. Carr, Raph L. Hamers, Chunfu Yang, Feng Gao, Orna Mor, Filimone Raikanikoda, Jesus Salazar-Gonzales, Nicolas Meda, Erin M. Kahle, Amilcar Tanuri, Tony Kelleher, Masahiko Ito, Fem J Paladin, J.R. Lingappa, Julie Stokes, Shona Kirtley, Vladimir Lukashov, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Deborah L. Birx, Philip Cunningham, Amine Slim, Nicaise Ndembi, James Brooks, Alash'le Abimiku, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Trinh Duy Quang, Eleanor Gouws-Williams, Mariza G. Morgado, Jun Takehisa, Michel Segondy, Joris Hemelaar, Debbie Stewart, Cillian De Gascun, Marcelo A. Soares, Anne Buvé, Mark A. Rayfield, Marek Linka, Ursula Dietrich, Roger Garsia, Thomas Leitner, Philippe Selhorst, Jean Servais, Morgane Rolland, Kirsi Liitsola, Leslie Dickson-Tetteh, Brigitte Montes, Willy Urassa, Global Health, AII - Infectious diseases, Graduate School, Experimental Immunology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Quality of Care, Nuffield Department of Population Health [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital], UNAIDS [Genève, Suisse] (ONUSIDA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Epidemiology, Immunology, HIV Infections, MESH: Global Health, Global Health, MESH: Genotype, MESH: HIV-1, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Global health, medicine, Humans, MESH: Molecular Epidemiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Genetic Variation, HIV vaccine, CRFS, Molecular Epidemiology, MESH: Humans, Molecular epidemiology, business.industry, Genetic Variation, virus diseases, MESH: HIV Infections, 030112 virology, Subtyping, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Systematic review, MESH: Reassortant Viruses, HIV-1, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, business, Viral load, Reassortant Viruses, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Background: Global HIV-1 genetic diversity and evolution form a major challenge to treatment and prevention efforts. An increasing number of distinct HIV-1 recombinants have been identified worldwide, but their contribution to the global epidemic is unknown. We aimed to estimate the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 recombinant forms during 1990-2015.Methods: We assembled a global HIV-1 molecular epidemiology database through a systematic literature review and a global survey. We searched the PubMed, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebscohost), and Global Health (Ovid) databases for HIV-1 subtyping studies published from Jan 1, 1990, to Dec 31, 2015. Unpublished original HIV-1 subtyping data were collected through a survey among experts in the field who were members of the WHO-UNAIDS Network for HIV Isolation and Characterisation. We included prevalence studies with HIV-1 subtyping data collected during 1990-2015. Countries were grouped into 14 regions and analyses were done for four time periods (1990-99, 2000-04, 2005-09, and 2010-15). The distribution of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs) in individual countries was weighted according to the UNAIDS estimates of the number of people living with HIV in each country to generate regional and global estimates of numbers and proportions of HIV-1 recombinants in each time period. The systematic review is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42017067164.Findings: Our global data collection yielded an HIV-1 molecular epidemiology database of 383 519 samples from 116 countries in 1990-2015. We found that the proportion of recombinants increased over time, both globally and in most regions, reaching 22·8% (7 978 517 of 34 921 639) of global HIV-1 infections in 2010-15. Both the proportion and the number of distinct CRFs detected increased over time to 16·7% and 57 CRFs in 2010-15. The global and regional distribution of HIV-1 recombinants was diverse and evolved over time, and we found large regional variation in the numbers (0-44 CRFs), types (58 distinct CRFs), and proportions (0-80·5%) of HIV-1 recombinants. Globally, CRF02_AG was the most prevalent recombinant, accounting for 33·9% (2 701 364 of 7 978 517) of all recombinant infections in 2010-15. URFs accounted for 26·7% (2 131 450 of 7 978 517), CRF01_AE for 23·0% (1 838 433), and other CRFs for 16·4% (1 307 270) of all recombinant infections in 2010-15. Although other CRFs accounted for small proportions of infections globally (
Published: 2020

18. Differential utilization of CD4+ by transmitted/founder and chronic envelope glycoproteins in a MSM HIV-1 subtype B transmission cluster

Author: Olivia Blake, Denys Brand, Nicolas Bellini, Emmanuelle Roch, Fabrizio Mammano, Alain Moreau, Martine Braibant, Julie Migraine, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Mélanie Bouvin-Pley, Marie Leoz, Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe de Recherche sur les Antimicrobiens et les Micro-Organismes (GRAM 1.0), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Génétique et Ecologie des Virus, Génétique des Virus et Pathogénèse des Maladies Virales, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mammano, Fabrizio, Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, MESH: Glycoproteins, HIV Infections, Context (language use), Viral quasispecies, CCR5 receptor antagonist, Biology, HIV transmission cluster, MESH: HIV-1, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral Envelope Proteins, Interferon, Genotype, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Homosexuality, Male, Glycoproteins, Maraviroc, Infectivity, MESH: Humans, Transmission (medicine), envelope glycoproteins, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: HIV Infections, Virology, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, MESH: Viral Envelope Proteins, HIV-1, CD4 þ binding, genetic bottleneck, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Objective: HIV-1 transmission leads to a genetic bottleneck, with one or a few variants of the donor quasispecies establishing an infection in the new host. We aimed to characterize this bottleneck in more detail, by comparing the properties of HIV envelope glycoproteins from acute and chronic infections within the particular context of a male-to-male transmission cluster. Design: We compared the genotypic and phenotypic properties of envelope glycoproteins from viral variants derived from five study participants from the same transmission cluster. Methods: We used single-genome amplification to generate a collection of full-length env sequences. We then constructed pseudotyped viruses expressing selected Env variants from the quasispecies infecting each study participant and compared their infectivities and sensitivities to various entry inhibitors. Results: The genotypic analyses confirmed the genetic bottleneck expected after HIV transmission, with a limited number of variants identified in four study participants during acute infection. However, the transmitted sequences harbored no evident common signature and belonged to various genetic lineages. The phenotypic analyses revealed no difference in infectivity, susceptibility to the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc, the fusion inhibitor enfurvitide or type-I interferon between viruses from participants with acute and chronic infections. The key property distinguishing transmitted viruses was a higher resistance to soluble CD4 þ , correlated with greater sensitivity to occupation of the CD4 þ receptor by the anti-CD4 þ antibodies LM52 and SK3. Conclusion: These results suggest that envelope glycoproteins from transmitted/ founder viruses bind CD4 þ less efficiently than those of viruses from chronic infections.
Published: 2020

19. PrEP Interest Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Netherlands

Author: van Dijk, Mart, Duken, S.B., Delabre, R.M., Stranz, R., Schlegel, V., Rojas Castro, D., Bernier, A., Zantkuijl, P., Ruiter, R.A.C., de Wit, J.B.F., Jonas, K.J., Leerstoel de Wit, Social Policy and Public Health, Maastricht University [Maastricht], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), AIDES [Pantin, France], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie Sociale (GRePS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Soa Aids Nederland [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], Utrecht University [Utrecht], This study was funded by the Dutch Aidsfonds (Grant Numbers P-11302 and P-13301, made available to the last author). This research was conducted as a part of 'Flash PrEP in Europe,' a joint European research project coordinated by the community-based organisations AIDES and Coalition PLUS, as well as the University of Amsterdam., Klinische Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Psychology Other Research (FMG), Dupuis, Christine, Section Applied Social Psychology, RS: FPN WSP II, Leerstoel de Wit, and Social Policy and Public Health
Subjects: Male, MESH: Sexual Behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], WILLINGNESS, HIV Infections, 030312 virology, Logistic regression, law.invention, Men who have sex with men, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 030212 general & internal medicine, General Psychology, Netherlands, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, CONDOM USE, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, 16. Peace & justice, Explained variation, PrEP, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], GAY, MESH: Risk-Taking, MESH: Young Adult, Sexual orientation, Psychology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, AWARENESS, Adolescent, TRANSGENDER WOMEN, Sexual Behavior, HIV prevention, Context (language use), MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Condom, Covariate, medicine, Humans, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE, Original Paper, MESH: Humans, Men who have sex with men (MSM), Public health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, HIGH-RISK, MESH: Netherlands, BISEXUAL MEN, HIV PREEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS, Demography
Abstract: Despite increased availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), PrEP uptake has remained low. To promote uptake, factors related to PrEP interest among relevant target populations warrant investigation. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of PrEP interest among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands, while taking study recruitment strategies into account. We recruited 154 MSM from an LGBT research panel (AmsterdamPinkPanel) and 272 MSM from convenience sampling. Both samples were part of the Flash! PrEP in Europe Survey and were compared on their PrEP interest, usage intentions, and sexual behavior. We conducted logistic regression analyses to discover variables associated with PrEP interest and intentions. Participants from the AmsterdamPinkPanel were less likely to use PrEP, had less knowledge of PrEP, and were less interested in PrEP than participants from convenience sampling. Significant covariates of PrEP interest were being single, more prior PrEP knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, such as not having used a condom during last sex and having ever used drugs in a sexual context, and not participating in the AmsterdamPinkPanel. Adding the recruitment strategy to the regression increased explained variance on top of predictors already described in the literature. Increased sexual risk behavior is related to increased PrEP interest and it helps to identify PrEP target groups. Recruitment strategies have a substantial impact on findings regarding PrEP interest and usage intentions. This study emphasizes the importance of using multiple strategies for recruiting participants to obtain a more comprehensive view of MSM’s attitudes toward PrEP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10508-019-01620-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2020

20. Genetic variation near CXCL12 is associated with susceptibility to HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Author: Patrick Schmid, Enos Bernasconi, Ioannis Theodorou, Sophia S. Wang, Pejman Mohammadi, Paul J. McLaren, Huldrych F. Günthard, Matthias Cavassini, Charles S. Rabkin, Matthias Hoffmann, Christian Hammer, Shehnaz K. Hussain, Jacques Fellay, Andri Rauch, Cécile Goujard, Laurence Meyer, Jonathan Niay, Caroline Besson, Nava Ehsan, Tiphaine Oudot-Mellakh, Dominique Costagliola, Manuel Battegay, Christian W. Thorball, Federico Santoni, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique moléculaire et chromosomique [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Genentech, Inc. [San Francisco], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Médecine Interne - Immunologie Clinique [AP-HP Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Bern University Hospital [Berne] (Inselspital), University of Bern, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Cantonal Hospital of Olten, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen (KSSG), Lugano Regional Hospital [Lugano], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], National Microbiology Laboratory [Winnipeg, Canada], Public Health Agency of Canada, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), University of Zurich, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 10028 Institute of Medical Virology, Follicular lymphoma, HIV Infections, Genome-wide association study, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, hemic and lymphatic diseases, BATF, Immunodeficiency, Lymphoma, AIDS-Related, variants, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, common, Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use, Case-Control Studies, Chemokine CXCL12, Genome-Wide Association Study, HIV Infections/complications, HIV Infections/drug therapy, HIV Infections/genetics, Humans, Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/drug therapy, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, MESH: HIV Infections, Hematology, MESH: Case-Control Studies, 3. Good health, Anti-Retroviral Agents, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, loci, MESH: Chemokine CXCL12, Population, 610 Medicine & health, Biology, MESH: Anti-Retroviral Agents, Article, infected individuals, 03 medical and health sciences, follicular lymphoma, expression, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, Genetic variation, cancer-risk, medicine, education, MESH: Lymphoma, AIDS-Related, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, MESH: Humans, chemokine, medicine.disease, Lymphoma, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, Immunology, genome-wide association, immunodeficiency
Abstract: International audience; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Even in the era of suppressive antiretroviral treatment, HIV-infected individuals remain at higher risk of developing NHL compared to the general population. To identify potential genetic risk loci, we performed case-control genome-wide association studies and a meta-analysis across three cohorts of HIV+ patients of European ancestry, including a total of 278 cases and 1924 matched controls. We observed a significant association with NHL susceptibility in the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) region on chromosome 10. A fine mapping analysis identified rs7919208 as the most likely causal variant (P = 4.77e-11), with the G>A polymorphism creating a new transcription factor binding site for BATF and JUND. These results suggest a modulatory role of CXCL12 regulation in the increased susceptibility to NHL observed in the HIV-infected population.
Published: 2020

21. Exposure to HIV risks among young people who use drugs (YPUD) in three cities in Vietnam: time to develop targeted interventions

Author: Linh T. Nguyen, An K. Nguyen, Nicolas Nagot, Oanh T. H. Khuat, John Paul Ekwaru, Olivier Phan, Laurent Michel, Didier Laureillard, Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Supporting Community Development Initiatives [Hanoï, Vietnam], University of Alberta, Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Etablissement Français du Sang [Occitanie] (EFS Occitanie), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: Male, Urban Population, Psychological intervention, Methamphetamines, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Comorbidity, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, law.invention, Heroin, 0302 clinical medicine, Unsafe Sex, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, law, Transgender, Cluster Analysis, Needle Sharing, 030212 general & internal medicine, Drug use, education.field_of_study, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Urban Population, Psychiatry and Mental health, MESH: Risk-Taking, Vietnam, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Substance-Related Disorders, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Young people, Mental health, medicine.drug, Sexual risk, Adult, Adolescent, MESH: Unsafe Sex, Substance-Related Disorders, Population, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Condom, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, MESH: Needle Sharing, education, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, MESH: Adult, lcsh:RA1-1270, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Male, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cannabis, MESH: Vietnam, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Introduction The aim of this study is to identify the profiles of young people who use drugs (YPUD) and their exposure to HIV risks in the 3 main cities of Vietnam, Haiphong, Hanoi, and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), in order to design a community-based intervention to prevent HIV. Methods A survey using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was conducted among YPUD aged 16–24. Participants were eligible if they reported drug use, confirmed by a urine test. After obtaining informed consent, they were screened for HIV/HCV and assessed using face-to-face questionnaires and self-report. A cluster analysis was conducted, taking into account risk behaviors and confirmed HIV-positive status. Results Seven hundred and three YPUD aged 16–24 were recruited between October 2016 and February 2017, 584 of whom were included in the final analysis. Median age was 21 (17.7, 23.0); 79% were male, 18% female, and 2% transgender. Methamphetamines use was reported by 77%, followed by cannabis (51%) and heroin (17%); polydrug use was common; 15% had “ever” injected drugs. HIV prevalence was 7%. Among all participants, 48% reported non-consistent condom use and 1% reported needle/syringe sharing during the previous month. Four distinct profiles of HIV risk behaviors were identified: The high multiple-risk group mixed unsafe drug use with unsafe sexual practices and had higher prevalence of HIV; the second group practiced high-risk sex with non-consistent condom combined with methamphetamine use; the third group was a moderate-risk group with limited unsafe sexual practices; and the fourth was considered at “low-risk” as reportedly, most never had sex and never injected. The highest risk group included more female YPUD, living in HCMC, who used heroin and had unsafe sex with their regular partners. The second high-risk group included most of the MSM and all transgender people and frequently reported mental health disorders. Conclusions The profiles of YPUD who are at risk of HIV vary according to age, location, and population group. Injecting YPUD are the most exposed to risk and need immediate attention. Sexual exposure to HIV is very common. Mental health is a major concern. Interventions need to be integrated in a differentiated but holistic approach.
Published: 2020

22. Factors associated with alcohol use before sex among HIV-negative female sex workers in Zambia

Author: Kalonde Malama, Matthew Price, Amanda Tichacek, Susan Allen, William Kilembe, Tyronza Sharkey, Rachel Parker, Mubiana Inambao, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Bruno Spire, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Emory University [Lusaka, Zambia], Emory University [Ndola, Zambia], International AIDS Vaccine Initiative [New York, NY, USA] (AVI), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Alcohol, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Sexual Partners, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: HIV Seronegativity, Female sex workers, Thesaurus (information retrieval), alcohol, virus diseases, Female sex, MESH: HIV Infections, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sexual Partners, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Risk-Taking, population characteristics, Female, 0305 other medical science, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, MESH: Unsafe Sex, Zambia, Dermatology, Article, MESH: Zambia, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, HIV Seronegativity, medicine, Humans, MESH: Sex Work, Sex Workers, MESH: Humans, 030505 public health, Unsafe Sex, business.industry, MESH: Sex Workers, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, MESH: Adult, Sex Work, MESH: Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Alcohol Drinking, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of HIV infection. Alcohol use prior to sex can compound this risk. We investigated the factors associated with having sex under the influence of alcohol among Zambian FSWs. Community health workers and peer FSWs recruited 331 HIV-negative FSWs in Lusaka and Ndola. In a cross-sectional survey, we asked FSWs how often they had sex under the influence of alcohol in the previous month and categorised responses as ‘always’ and ‘not always’. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of always having sex under the influence of alcohol were higher among FSWs who charged clients medium (AOR: 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–4.68) and low fees (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.26–5.60) for sex versus high fees; received 9–19 (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.15–4.91) and 20 or more clients per month (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.47–6.37) versus up to 8 clients per month; and never used condoms versus always used condoms with clients (AOR: 4.21, 95% CI: 1.53–11.55). FSWs who always used alcohol before sex appeared more likely to engage in riskier sex and charge clients lower fees. Interventions for financial empowerment and alcohol risk reduction should complement existing HIV prevention interventions for FSWs.
Published: 2020

23. Dolutegravir-based dual maintenance regimens combined with lamivudine/emtricitabine or rilpivirine: risk of virological failure in a real-life setting

Author: Caroline Lions, N Biezunski, Sophie Matheron, Romain Guery, Pierre-Marie Roger, Caroline Charlier, Mathieu Dupont, Line Meddeb, Philippe Van de Perre, V Joly, R Lecomte, Matthieu Revest, Claudine Duvivier, B Lefèvre, M Delestan, H Laurichesse, H Marty, F Lemaitre, Martine Valette, Marc-Antoine Valantin, A S Ritleng, A Ménard, Eric Cua, M. Alvarez, A Raoux, M P Bouillon, A Sève, A Brebion, Claire Triffault-Fillit, Sylvie Bregigeon, M Carles, O. Aubry, S Hénard, P. Dellamonica, A Charmillon, E Alidjinou, V Brodard, M Tetart, F Raffi, Paul-Henri Consigny, O Lesens, C Brunet-Cartier, I Lamaury, S Giaché, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Jacques Reynes, Karine Sauné, Clotilde Allavena, Q Lepiller, Véronique Reliquet, C Louisin, I Perbost, Jean-Luc Berger, B Prouvost-Keller, Eric Delaporte, Isabelle Lamaury, C Gubavu, L Fagour, Laurent Cotte, G Gaube, Elina Teicher, Faouzi Souala, C Blanc, Dominique Merrien, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, C Drobacheff-Thiébaut, T May, P Richard, M A Trabaud, M Bistoquet, C Klotz, Samira Fafi-Kremer, M Marcel, Charlotte Charpentier, L Lelièvre, K Risso, Sandrine Pierre-François, S Ferrando, S Breaud, S Bevilacqua, A Montoya Ferrer, T Rojas-Rojas, D Boucher, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Olivier Lortholary, Philippe Colson, Anne-Sophie Brunel, F-Xavier Lescure, Christelle Tomei, M Martin-Degioanni, Eric Rosenthal, Philippe Bossi, Patrick Miailhes, Kevin Bouiller, Lise Cuzin, A Foltzer, F Boulard, Michel Vidal, V Mondain, H Colson, J Pasquier, I Kmiec, F Alby-Laurent, R Agher, A Cabié, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, L Hocqueloux, M Colin, A Madrid, Faiza Ajana, J M Livrozet, V Rio, Karima Amazzough, C Merle de Boever, M Digumber, Thomas Perpoint, A Cheret, Laurence Bocket, Z Julia, Virginie Ferré, M Pradier, M Poisson-Vannier, A Legoff, M J Soavi, Y Quertainmont, Marine Morrier, Christian Chidiac, F Touam, O Zaegel-Faucher, A Marquise, G Benabdelmoumen, Florence Ader, T Guimard, M C Receveur, J C Tardy, P Morineau, K Guitteaud, D. Rey, S Leautez, Catherine Chirouze, Benoit Tressières, A. Ivanova, C Charre, J Reynes, Christian Pradier, Catherine Dhiver, Laurent Boyer, E Frentiu, David Rey, C Allavena, Anne Motte, Tristan Ferry, C Pronier, M. Hentzien, C Rouzaud, O Cabras, K Jidar, F Najioullah, C Clavel, M Orticoni, S Patrat-Delon, M Cavellec, Cécile Herrmann-Storck, V Baclet, Jade Ghosn, M Perry, S Wehrlen-Pugliese, J. M. Chapplain, R Palich, Laurent Hocqueloux, A Maillard, C Deschanvres, O Deradji, F. Lucht, A Grégoire, Veronique Joly, R Ouissa, C Daniel, N Mrozek, D Chirio, O Bollangier, J Bavay, P. Le Turnier, A Maka, C Rioux, Colin Deschanvres, C Brochier, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, A Meybeck, C Ceppi, J Lourenco, François Bénézit, Thomas Jovelin, G Zouzou, N Tissot, N. Viget, F Brunel-Dalmas, Brigitte Montes, N Chellum Rungen, K Rome, David Boutoille, B Bigeard, I Fabre, N Oran, M Lefebvre, P Point, C Etienne, Diane Descamps, G Thomas, S Le Gac, Cyrille Delpierre, Pierre Tattevin, M Godinot, P Fischer, C Aumeran, C Boulard, Elisabeth André-Garnier, J Sinteff, V Ronat, F Goehringer, Romain Palich, Luminita Schneider, I Touitou, Eric Billaud, P Thill, Catherine Varache, Olivier Robineau, I Jaquet, Roland Landman, Cédric Arvieux, B. Bonnet, V Rzepecki, Olivier Grossi, Christian Rabaud, L Laine, F Louni, C Cheneau, S Markowicz, Hélène Laroche, A Gervais, C Bernard-Henry, E Goncalvez, N Lerolle, M André, D Lambert, André Boibieux, L. Porte, S Bouchez, E Paredes, E Aïssi, V. Le Moing, S Degroodt, Sylvie Abel, André Cabié, B Lafon-Desmurs, O Babre, M Baldeyrou, C Debreux, A Rodallec, Pierre Delobel, V Icard, Agathe Becker, Edouard Tuaillon, Hervé Tissot-Dupont, M Mokhtari, C Morlat, I Alcaraz, Anne Frésard, O Cannesson, Elodie Curlier, P Chiarello, S. Roux, F Bani-Sadr, François Raffi, Florent Valour, M Piffaut, M Priester, A. Belkhir, J Romaru, Cécile Goujard, A Castro, G Cessot, A Mirand, C Pouderoux, A Brunet, C Michelangeli, Y N’guyen, Patrice Muret, Elisa Demonchy, Christine Jacomet, D Makhloufi, E Jeanmaire, Marialuisa Partisani, Véronique Obry-Roguet, J Turmel, C Mélounou, J. Durant, Christine Katlama, P Parize, O Robineau, S Seang, F. Bozon, S Galie, Alexa Debard, E de Mautort, C Duvivier, Fanny Lanternier, Alain Makinson, A Barrail-Tran, C Aguilar, A Naqvi, Rodolphe Garraffo, N Meftah, C Biron, A de Monte, Pascal Pugliese, V Corbin, S Jaureguiberry, E Lafont, L Hustache Mathieu, R Colarino, Isabelle Ravaux, C Henquell, Benoit Pilmis, M Grégoire, P Lansalot, E Ressiot, T. Huleux, Olivier Baud, S Sécher, R Dupin de Majoubert, J Leporrier, L Cuzin, E Chevalier, M Poinot, R Tubiana, S Lariven, A Boucher, N Atoui, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, T Prazuck, M Ducassou, Gilles Peytavin, A Soria, B J Gaborit, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Dat’AIDS Study Group, Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Les Hôptaux universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CHU Strasbourg, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations (CERPOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Pyridones, MESH: Piperazines, HIV Infections, Emtricitabine, Piperazines, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Randomized controlled trial, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, MESH: Pyridones, Oxazines, MESH: Emtricitabine, Humans, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, Pharmacology, MESH: Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Rilpivirine, Lamivudine, MESH: HIV Infections, Viral Load, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Virological failure, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Dolutegravir, Cohort, MESH: Rilpivirine, business, MESH: Viral Load, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, MESH: Oxazines, medicine.drug, MESH: Lamivudine
Abstract: Background Maintenance ART with dolutegravir-based dual regimens have proved their efficacy among HIV-1-infected subjects in randomized trials. However, real-life data are scarce, with limited populations and follow-up. Objectives We assessed virological failure (VF) and resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) on dolutegravir maintenance regimens in combination with rilpivirine or with lamivudine or emtricitabine (xTC) and analysed the factors associated with VF. Methods Between 2014 and 2018, all HIV-1-infected adults included in the Dat’AIDS cohort and starting dolutegravir/rilpivirine or dolutegravir/xTC as a maintenance dolutegravir-based dual regimen were selected. VF was defined as two consecutive HIV RNA values >50 copies/mL or a single value >400 copies/mL. We compared cumulative genotypes before initiation of a maintenance dolutegravir-based dual regimen with genotype at VF. Results We analysed 1374 subjects (799 on dolutegravir/rilpivirine and 575 on dolutegravir/xTC) with a median follow-up of 20 months (IQR = 11–31) and 19 months (IQR = 11–31), respectively. VF occurred in 3.8% (n = 30) of dolutegravir/rilpivirine subjects and 2.6% (n = 15) of dolutegravir/xTC subjects. Among subjects receiving dolutegravir/rilpivirine, two genotypes harboured emerging RAMs at VF: E138K on NNRTI (n = 1); and E138K+K101E on NNRTI and N155H on INSTI (n = 1). Among subjects receiving dolutegravir/xTC, no new RAM was detected. The only predictive factor of VF on dolutegravir/rilpivirine was the history of failure on an NNRTI-based regimen (adjusted HR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.28–6.93). No factor was associated with VF on dolutegravir/xTC. Conclusions In this large real-life cohort, dolutegravir/rilpivirine and dolutegravir/xTC sustained virological suppression and were associated with a low rate of VF and RAM emergence. Careful virological screening is essential before switching to dolutegravir/rilpivirine in virologically suppressed patients with a history of NNRTI therapy.
Published: 2022

24. Outcome of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated by Interleukin-7

Author: Lajaunie, Rébecca, Mainardi, Ilaria, Gasnault, Jacques, Rousseau, Vanessa, Tarantino, Andrea, Sommet, Agnès, Cinque, Paola, Martin-Blondel, Guillaume, Debard, Alexa, Delobel, Pierre, Pansu, Nathalie, Gollion, Cédric, Benaiteau, Marie, Jacomet, Christine, Mélé, Nicolas, Moulignier, Antoine, Suarez, Felipe, Ruch, Yvon, Tranchant, Christine, Lemaignen, Adrien, Langner-Lemercier, Sophie, Buzele, Rodolphe, Guffroy, Aurelien, Moluçon-Chabrot, Cécile, Tattevin, Pierre, Melica, Giovanna, Badiu, Carmen‐ionela, Cheraud-Bonfort, Chrystel, Salmon, Anne, Alstadhaug, Karl Bjornar, Kuhlmann, F. Matthew, Gorza, Lucas, Wang, Adrien, Wille, Heidi, Curlier, Elodie, Hessamfar, Mojgan, Valour, Florent, Perpoint, Thomas, Koralnik, Igor, Decaestecker, Kevin, Vindrios, William, Guilbert, Anne, Boulesteix, Jean Marc, Verdière, Sylvie Colin De, Roux, Antoine, Patel, Amila, Fabian, Michelle, Harel, Asaff, Wyplosz, Benjamin, Ader, Florence, Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Inflammation, infection, immunologie et loco-moteur [CHU Toulouse] (Pôle I3LM Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Immunologie intégrative des tumeurs (UMR 1186), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and This study was not funded.
Subjects: MESH: Humans, Interleukin-7, MESH: Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal, MESH: JC Virus, Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, HIV Infections, MESH: HIV Infections, JC Virus, MESH: Interleukin-7, Neurology, Hematologic Neoplasms, Humans, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Hematologic Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: International audience; Objective: Restoring anti-JC virus (JCV) immunity is the only treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Interleukin-7 is a cytokine that increases number and function of T cells. We analyzed a population of PML patients who received recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) to estimate survival and its determinants.Methods: After exclusion of patients with missing data or receiving other immunotherapies, findings from 64 patients with proven PML who received rhIL-7 between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze variables associated with one-year survival.Results: Underlying conditions were HIV/AIDS (n = 27, 42%), hematological malignancies (n = 16, 25%), primary immunodeficiencies (n = 13, 20%), solid organ transplantation (n = 4, 6%) and chronic inflammatory diseases (n = 4, 6%). One-year survival was 54.7% and did not differ by underlying condition. Survival was not associated with baseline characteristics, but with a >50% increase in blood lymphocytes (OR 4.1, 95%CI 1.2-14.9) and CD4+ T cells (OR 5.9, 95%CI 1.7-23.3), and a > 1 log copies/mL decrease in cerebrospinal fluid JCV DNA (OR 7.6, 95%CI 1.6-56.1) during the first month after rhIL-7 initiation. Side effects were mainly local and flu-like symptoms (n = 8, 12.5%) and PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) (n = 5, 8%).Interpretation: In this non-controlled retrospective study, survival did not differ from that expected in HIV/AIDS patients, but might have been improved in those with hematological malignancies, primary immunodeficiencies and transplant recipients. RhIL-7 might have contributed to the increase in blood lymphocytes and decrease in CSF JCV replication that were associated with better survival. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:496-505.
Published: 2021

25. Tobacco use in people living with HIV: The need for complementary descriptive data to see beyond the smoke screen

Author: Fabienne Marcellin, David Zucman, Clémence Ramier, Marta Lotto, Patrick Miailhes, Lionel Piroth, Hugues Aumaitre, Patrick Mercié, Tangui Barré, Linda Wittkop, Philippe Sogni, Dominique Salmon-Ceron, Patrizia Carrieri, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1432 (Dijon) - Epidemiologie Clinique/Essais Cliniques (CIC-EC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Perpignan, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique [CHU Bordeaux] (Pôle Médecine Interne), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Team MORPH3EUS (INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Physiopathologie du système immunitaire (Inserm U1223), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [AP-HP Hôpital Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], The ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort was supported by the ANRS Emerging Infectious Diseases, with the participation of SIDACTION, Abbott France, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Roche, Schering-Plough, BMS, Merck-Serono., and ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Study Group
Subjects: Tobacco Use, MESH: Humans, Health Policy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Delivery of Health Care, MESH: Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Medicine (miscellaneous), Humans, HIV Infections, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Tobacco Use, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract: International audience; No abstract available
Published: 2021

26. Daily and on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil (ANRS PREVENIR): a prospective observational cohort study

Author: Jean-Michel Molina, Jade Ghosn, Lambert Assoumou, Constance Delaugerre, Michèle Algarte-Genin, Gilles Pialoux, Christine Katlama, Laurence Slama, Geoffroy Liegeon, Lydie Beniguel, Michel Ohayon, Hanane Mouhim, Lauriane Goldwirt, Bruno Spire, Bénédicte Loze, Laure Surgers, Juliette Pavie, Jérémy Lourenco, Mohamed Ben-Mechlia, Soizic Le Mestre, Daniela Rojas-Castro, Dominique Costagliola, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutiques (GenCellDi (U944 / UMR7212)), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Hôtel-Dieu, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, and AIDES [Pantin, France]
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Anti-HIV Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, HIV Infections, Medication Adherence, MESH: HIV-1, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities, MESH: Tenofovir, Virology, MESH: Emtricitabine, Emtricitabine, Humans, Prospective Studies, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, Homosexuality, Male, Tenofovir, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Medication Adherence, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Infectious Diseases, HIV-1, Female, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, MESH: Female, MESH: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundThere are few data available regarding the use of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We aimed to assess PrEP effectiveness, adherence, and safety in adults using daily or on-demand PrEP.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational cohort study (ANRS PREVENIR) at 26 sites in the Paris region, France. We enrolled HIV-negative adults (aged ≥18 years) at high risk of HIV infection who were starting or continuing PrEP. PrEP was prescribed as a fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabine (245 mg and 200 mg, respectively, per pill). PrEP could be prescribed as a daily regimen with one pill per day or, in men who have sex with men (MSM) or in transgender women who have sex with men, as an on-demand regimen following the IPERGAY dosing recommendation. At enrolment and every 3 months thereafter, participants were tested for HIV and provided information regarding the PrEP dosing regimen used. Adherence to PrEP was assessed by self-report and by tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots. The primary outcome of HIV-1 incidence was assessed using Poisson regression among participants who started PrEP. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03113123, and EudraCT, 2016A0157744.FindingsBetween May 3, 2017, and May 2, 2019, 3082 people were assessed for eligibility and 3065 participants were enrolled. 3056 (99·7%) of 3065 participants reported using PrEP and were included in the analyses. The median age was 36 years (IQR 29–43), 1344 (44·0%) of 3056 participants were PrEP-naive, and 3016 (98·7%) were MSM. At enrolment, 1540 (50·5%) of 3049 participants opted for daily PrEP dosing and 1509 (49·5%) opted for on-demand PrEP dosing; these proportions remained stable during follow-up. Median follow-up was 22·1 months (IQR 15·9–29·7) and incidence of study discontinuation was 17·6 participants (95% CI 16·5–18·7) per 100 person-years. At the data cutoff on Sept 30, 2020, there had been six HIV-1 seroconversions (three participants using daily PrEP and three using on-demand PrEP; all were MSM) over 5623 person-years. Overall HIV-1 incidence was 1·1 cases (95% CI 0·4–2·3) per 1000 person-years, and did not differ between participants using daily PrEP and those using on-demand PrEP (incidence rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·13–7·49; p=0·99). Four participants (two using daily PrEP and two using on-demand PrEP) discontinued PrEP due to treatment-related adverse events (nausea [n=2], vomiting and diarrhoea [n=1], and lumbar pain [n=1]).InterpretationIn this study, which enrolled mainly MSM, HIV-1 incidence on PrEP was low and did not differ between participants using daily PrEP and those using on-demand PrEP. On-demand PrEP therefore represents a valid alternative to daily PrEP for MSM, providing greater choice in HIV prevention.FundingANRS/Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, Gilead Sciences, SIDACTION, and Région Ile de France.TranslationFor the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.; ANRS/Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, Gilead Sciences, SIDACTION, and Région Ile de France.
Published: 2021

27. Weight gain stopping/switch rules for antiretroviral clinical trials

Author: Luckyboy Mkhondwane, Polly Clayden, Alexandra Calmy, Samanta Lalla-Edwards, Marta Boffito, Nomathemba Chandiwana, Mark J. Siedner, Mary Carman, Simiso Sokhela, Celicia Serenata, Anton Pozniak, Saye Khoo, Bronwyn Bosch, Mohammed K. Ali, Vincent C. Marconi, Simon Collins, Eric Delaporte, Andrew Hill, Nkuli Mashabane, W D Francois Venter, Kenly Sekwese, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), University of Liverpool, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Clinical Trials as Topic, Immunology, Context (language use), HIV Infections, MESH: Comorbidity, Comorbidity, Weight Gain, MESH: Anti-Retroviral Agents, Article, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, MESH: Obesity, Immunology and Allergy, Obesity, Intensive care medicine, Clinical Trials as Topic, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Clinical study design, MESH: HIV Infections, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, medicine.disease, Antiretroviral therapy, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, MESH: Weight Gain, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain
Abstract: International audience; Obesity develops in a substantial number of people initiating and maintaining modern antiretroviral therapy. The comorbidities associated with obesity make significant weight gain and metabolic changes a major consideration in clinical trials studying different regimens' potency and safety. It is as yet unclear what role individual antiretrovirals or classes play in weight gain but the issue is a complex one for clinical trial design, especially when deciding when "too much" weight has been gained, in a context where we do not yet know if switching to alternative regimens will slow, halt or reverse weight gain or metabolic changes. In addition, clinician and trial participant opinion on acceptable weight gain may differ. We offer preliminary guidance for discussion for future antiretroviral clinical trial design.
Published: 2022

28. Centring adolescent girls and young women in the HIV and COVID-19 responses

Author: Khatija Ahmed, Vundli Ramokolo, Philippe Van de Perre, Trisha Ramraj, Vuyolwethu Magasana, Glenda Gray, Ameena Ebrahim Goga, Mookho Malahleha, Linda-Gail Bekker, Wafaa El-Sadr, University of Pretoria [South Africa], South African Medical Research Council [Cape Town], Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Columbia University [New York], and Setshaba Research Centre [Soshanguve]
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Social Determinants of Health, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MEDLINE, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Centring, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, medicine, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Young adult, Child, Psychiatry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, 030505 public health, COVID-19, MESH: HIV Infections, General Medicine, MESH: Social Determinants of Health, El Niño, Adolescent Health Services, MESH: Adolescent Health Services, MESH: Young Adult, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

29. Sexual and addictive risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections in illegal gold miners in French Guiana: A multicenter observational study

Author: Louise Mutricy-Hureau, Amandine Pisoni, Martha Suarez-Mutis, Amanda Figueira da Silva, Yann Lambert, Pauline Mespoulhe, Audrey Godin, Marie-Claire Parriault, Astrid Van Melle, Emilie Mosnier, Mélanie Gaillet, Céline Michaud, Roxane Schaub, Muriel Galindo, Antoine Adenis, Mathieu Nacher, Stephen Vreden, Edouard Tuaillon, Maylis Douine, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins (CDPS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Foundation for the Advancement of Scientific Research in Suriname [Paramaribo] (SWOS)
Subjects: Male, Mineiros de ouro ilegais, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV Infections, Infecção sexualmente transmissível, Risk-Taking, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Sexual and addictive risk behaviors, Cocaine, MESH: Cocaine, MESH: French Guiana, Illegal gold miners, Multicenter observational study, Humans, Syphilis, Sexually transmitted infection, MESH: Humans, Multidisciplinary, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Male, French Guiana, Guiana Francesa, Estudo observacional multicêntrico, Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Risk-Taking, MESH: Syphilis, MESH: Gold, Female, Gold, MESH: Female, MESH: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Comportamentos sexuais e de risco de dependência
Abstract: Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. UMR 1058 INSERM/EFS/University of Montpellier, Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infection, Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. CRB Amazonie (Biological Resource Center), Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France / Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM—Economic and Social Sciences, Health Systems, and Medical Informatics, F-13005, Marseille, France. Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins (CDPS), Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins (CDPS), Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France / TBIP, University of French Guiana, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France / TBIP, University of French Guiana, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. Foundation for the Advancement of Scientific Research in Suriname (SWOS), Paramaribo, Suriname. UMR 1058 INSERM/EFS/University of Montpellier, Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infection, Montpellier University Hospital, Department of Bacteriology-Virology, Montpellier, France. Center for Clinical Investigation Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, France / TBIP, University of French Guiana, University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. Objectives Common representations of the world of gold mining–especially illegal–are usually negative: the activity conjures up images of drug trafficking, human exploitation, the sex trade, environmental destruction, and infectious diseases, in particular sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of the present article is to describe the levels of risk behaviors such as transactional sex, multiple sexual partners, and the frequency of condom use, addictive substance consumption, and the prevalence of STIs among the population of illegal gold miners in French Guiana (FG), a French overseas entity in Amazonia, in order to guide potential interventions. Methods An observational multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out from October to December 2019 along the two borders of FG with Suriname and Brazil at rest sites used by the miners. Results Among the 499 participants, transactional sex was very prevalent, declared by 33.5% of men and 8.4% of women. Condoms were more frequently used for transactional sex than with a non-commercial partner (93.4% versus 42.1%). More women were tested for HIV than men (91.1% versus 55.2%). Excessive alcohol consumption (57.3%%) and tobacco use (41.2%) were very frequent, but cocaine or crack consumption was low (1.2%), which refuted our initial assumption. Consumers of alcohol had more sexual partners and reported condom use more frequently. Prevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV, and syphilis was respectively 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1–2.1), 2.1% (95% CI: 0.7–3.6), 1.6% (95% CI: 0.3–2.8), and 12.4% (95% CI: 9.0–15.7), which was higher than in the local population, especially for syphilis. Conclusion This study documents for the first time the risk behaviors of gold miners in FG. Although the level of condom use was high, the prevalence of STIs combined with the high rate of transactional sex should encourage an increase in prevention and screening, in particular through rapid tests, given the mobility of the population concerned.
Published: 2022

30. NK cell spatial dynamics and IgA responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues during SIV infections

Author: Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Philippe Rascle, Hugo Mouquet, Vanessa Contreras, Marie Lazzerini, Nicolas Huot, Asier Sáez-Cirión, Caroline Passaes, Cyril Planchais, Beatrice Jacquelin, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA - U1184), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), NH was supported by the Fondation J. Beytout and Institut Pasteur. PR was recipient of a PhD fellowship from the University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité and supported by the NIH (R01AI143457) and Institut Pasteur. CaP was recipient of a Roux-Cantarini Postdoctoral Fellowship. Cy.P. was the recipient of an ANRS post-doctoral fellowship. We would like to acknowledge grant support from Sidaction and ANRS to MMT. H.M. received core grants from the Institut Pasteur, the INSERM and the Milieu Intérieur Program (ANR-10-LABX-69-01) and was supported by an ANRS grant. We gratefully acknowledge the support to IDMIT from the French government: Investments for the Future program for infrastructures (PIA) through the ANR-11-INBS-0008 grant as well as from the PIA grant ANR-10-EQPX-02-01 to the FlowCyTech facility at IDMIT. We equally acknowledge the Investments for Future grant ANR-10–INSB–04 to support the UtechS Photonic BioImaging (Imagopole) and C2RT facilities at Institut Pasteur., ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0008,IDMIT,Infrastructure nationale pour la modélisation des maladies infectieuses humaines(2011), ANR-10-EQPX-0002,FlowCyTech,Plateforme de phénotypage en Mass cytométrie pour l'analyse multiparamétrique de biomarqueurs complexes de l'efficacité de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques ou vaccinales(2010), and ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010)
Subjects: MESH: Killer Cells, Natural, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, MESH: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Cell, Medicine (miscellaneous), HIV Infections, MESH: Lymph Nodes, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Text mining, MESH: Chlorocebus aethiops, Chlorocebus aethiops, medicine, Animals, MESH: Animals, MESH: Immunoglobulin A, Intestinal Mucosa, business.industry, Dynamics (mechanics), MESH: HIV Infections, Immunoglobulin A, Killer Cells, Natural, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, MESH: Intestinal Mucosa, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Lymph Nodes, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract: HIV infection induces tissue damage including lymph node (LN) fibrosis and intestinal epithelial barrier disruption leading to bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. Natural hosts of SIV, such as African Green Monkeys (AGM), do not display tissue damage despite high viral load in blood and intestinal mucosa. AGM mount a NK cell-mediated control of SIVagm replication in peripheral LN. We analyzed if NK cells also control SIVagm in mesenteric (mes) LN and if this has an impact on gut humoral responses, in particular on the production of IgA known for their anti-inflammatory role in the gut. We show that NK cells migrate into and control viral replication in B cell follicles (BCF) of mesLN during SIVagm infection. IgA+ memory B cells were increased in mesLN during SIVagm infection in contrast to SIVmac infection and correlated positively with CXCR5+ NK cell levels. Total IgA levels in gut remained normal during SIVagm infection, while strongly decreased in intestinal of chronically SIVmac-infected macaques. Systemic IgA titers correlated negatively with sCD14 levels in SIVmac infection. Our data suggest an indirect impact of NK cell-mediated viral control in mesLN during SIVagm infection on preserved BCF function and IgA production in intestinal tissues.
Published: 2021

31. [Sleeping Sickness: A Cause of False Positive HIV Rapid Diagnostic Tests]

Author: J, Bonnet, S, Ducroix-Roubertou, S, Rogez, D, Ajzenberg, B, Courtioux, J-F, Faucher, Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques en zone tropicale (EpiMaCT), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-OmégaHealth (ΩHealth), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Service de Bactériologie, Virologie, Hygiène [CHU Limoges], Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [CHU Limoges], and Grelier, Elisabeth
Subjects: Limoges, HIV Infections, Hospital, Bengo, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Mass Screening, MESH: Animals, MESH: Mass Screening, MESH: Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Retrospective Studies, False positives, MESH: Humans, Uíge, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, HIV rapid diagnostic test, Kwanza Norte, nutritional and metabolic diseases, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH: HIV Infections, Human African Trypanosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis, African, MESH: Trypanosomiasis, African, Angola, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France
Abstract: International audience; Approaching the mechanisms related to false positives HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) in patients with sleeping sickness may help to improve the accuracy of screening for HIV infection in areas endemic for Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).We report on a patient from Congo who was managed like an AIDS-associated meningoencephalitis, based on a false positive HIV RDT at admission, and eventually received a diagnosis of sleeping sickness. A further retrospective cohort study performed in patients with HAT shows that most of positive HIV RDT obtained prior to treatment for sleeping sickness are false positives. We found that half of them were cleared at the end of treatment course, suggesting an early clearance of some antibodies involved in cross-reactivity.A substantial clearance of HIV RDT false positives occurs during therapy for HAT. In areas where Elisa HIV tests are not readily available, repeating the HIV RDT at the end of therapy may help to identify roughly half of false positives.
Published: 2021

32. Direct, indirect and total effect of HIV coinfection on the risk of non-liver-related cancer in hepatitis C virus-infected patients treated by direct-acting antivirals: a mediation analysis

Author: Chalouni, Mathieu, Pol, Stanislas, Sogni, Philippe, Fontaine, Helene, Lacombe, Karine, Lacombe, Jean-Marc, Esterle, Laure, Dorival, Celine, Bourliere, Marc, Bani-Sadr, Firouze, De Ledinghen, Victor, Zucman, David, Larrey, Dominique, Salmon, Dominique, Carrat, Fabrice, Wittkop, Linda, ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH, Anrs C. O. Hepather Cohorts Study Groups, Martinez, V., Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology [Bordeaux] (BaRITOn), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Team MORPH3EUS (INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie du système immunitaire (Inserm U1223), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), INSERM-TRANSFERT [Paris] (IT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Saint-Joseph [Marseille], Hôpital Robert Debré, Hôpital Robert Debré-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MC was supported by a doctoral award from the French national Agency for Research on Aids and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS: France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Paris Cité (UPC)
Subjects: Sustained Virologic Response, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Sustained Virologic Response, HIV Infections, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Hepacivirus, MESH: Neoplasms, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coinfection, Health Policy, Hazard ratio, virus diseases, Immunosuppression, MESH: HIV Infections, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, MESH: Hepatitis C, Chronic, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, HCV, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Non-liver-related cancers, MESH: Antiviral Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis C virus, MESH: Mediation Analysis, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment, MESH: Hepatitis C, MESH: Humans, Mediation Analysis, business.industry, HIV coinfection, Cancer, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Indirect effect, MESH: Coinfection, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: HIV-coinfected patients experience higher incidences of non-liver-related cancers than HCV-monoinfected patients. Chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, but also higher tobacco or alcohol consumption and metabolic dysregulation could explain this higher risk. We aimed to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of HIV coinfection on the risk of non-liver-related cancers in HCV participants treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). METHODS: Up to four HCV-monoinfected participants from the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort were matched by age and sex to HIV/HCV-coinfected participants from the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. Participants were followed from DAA initiation until the occurrence of a non-liver-related cancer. Counterfactual mediation analysis was carried out to estimate the direct (chronic inflammation and immunosuppression), indirect (tobacco and alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome) and total effect of HIV coinfection on the risk of non-liver-related cancers. RESULTS: 548 HIV/HCV-coinfected and 2016 monoinfected participants were included. Overall, HIV coinfection was associated with a 3.7-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-7.0] higher risk of non-liver-related cancers in HCV participants. This increased risk was explained by significant direct effect [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.7-6.6] but not indirect effect (HR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.8-1.5) of HIV coinfection. CONCLUSIONS: In HCV participants treated with DAAs, the direct effect of HIV coinfection, reflecting chronic inflammation and immunosuppression, was associated with a 3.7-fold higher risk of non-liver-related cancer. By contrast, the indirect effect of HIV coinfection, reflecting higher tobacco and alcohol consumption and metabolic dysregulation, was not significantly associated with the risk of non-liver-related cancers.
Published: 2021

33. Human T-Lymphotropic virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in rural Gabon

Author: Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé, Larson Boundenga, Ingrid Précilya Koumba Koumba, Antony Idam Mamimandjiami, Abdoulaye Diané, Jéordy Dimitri Engone-Ondo, Delia Doreen Djuicy, Jeanne Sica, Landry Erik Mombo, Antoine Gessain, Avelin Aghokeng Fobang, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Durham University, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire [Franceville], Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Gabon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blotting, Western, HIV Infections, MESH: HTLV-I Infections, MESH: Blotting, Western, Humans, Gabon, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 2, MESH: HIV, Coinfection, Human T-lymphotropic virus 2, HIV, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, HTLV-I Infections, MESH: Male, MESH: Coinfection, Female, MESH: Female
Abstract: Introduction Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) co-infection occur in many populations. People living with HIV-1 and infected with HTLV-1 seem more likely to progress rapidly towards AIDS. Both HTLV-1 and HIV-1 are endemic in Gabon (Central Africa). We investigated HTLV-1 and HIV-1 co-infection in the Haut-Ogooué province, and assessed factors that may favor the rapid evolution and progression to AIDS in co-infected patients. Methods Plasma samples from HTLV-1 patients were tested using ELISA, and positive samples were then tested by western blot assay (WB). We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect HTLV-1 Tax/Rex genes using DNA extracted from the buffy coat of ELISA-positives samples. Results We recruited 299 individuals (mean age 46 years) including 90 (30%) men and 209 (70%) women, all of whom are under treatment at the Ambulatory Treatment Centre of the province. Of these, 45 were ELISA HTLV-1/2 seropositive. According to WB criteria, 21 of 45 were confirmed positive: 20 were HTLV-1 (44%), 1 was HTLV-1/2 (2%), 2 were indeterminate (4%) and 22 were seronegative (49%). PCR results showed that 23 individuals were positive for the Tax/Rex region. Considering both serological and molecular assays, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was estimated at 7.7%. Being a woman and increasing age were found to be independent risk factors for co-infection. Mean CD4+ cell counts were higher in HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infected (578.1 (± 340.8) cells/mm3) than in HIV-1 mono-infected (481.0 (± 299.0) cells/mm3) Individuals. Similarly, the mean HIV-1 viral load was Log 3.0 (± 1.6) copies/ml in mono-infected and Log 2.3 (± 0.7) copies/ml in coinfected individuals. Conclusion We described an overall high prevalence of HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infection in Gabon. Our findings stress the need of strategies to prevent and manage these co-infections.
Published: 2021

34. No barrier to care, yet disparities in the HIV care continuum in France: a nationwide population study

Author: Cuzin, Lise, Allavena, Clotilde, Cotte, Laurent, Delpierre, Cyrille, Huleux, Thomas, Palich, Romain, Delobel, Pierre, Raffi, François, Cabié, André, Drobacheff-Thiébaut, C, Foltzer, A, Bouiller, K, Hustache- Mathieu, L, Chirouze, C, Lepiller, Q, Bozon, F, Babre, O, Brunel, L, Muret (Besançon), P, Laurichesse, H, LESENS, O, Vidal, M, Mrozek, N, Aumeran, C, Baud, O, Corbin, V, Letertre-Gibert, P, Casanova, S, Prouteau, J, Jacomet (Clermont Ferrand), C, Lamaury, I, Fabre, I, Curlier, E, Ouissa, R, Herrmann-Storck, C, Tressieres, B, Bonijoly, T, Receveur, M., Boulard, F, Daniel, C, Clavel (Guadeloupe), C, Merrien, D, Perré, P, Guimard, T, Bollangier, O, Leautez, S, Morrier, M, Laine (La Roche sur Yon), L, Ader, F, Becker, A, Biron, F, Boibieux, A, FERRY, T, Miailhes, P, Perpoint, T, Roux, Stéphane, Triffault-Fillit, C, Degroodt, S, Brochier, C, Valour, F, Chidiac (Lyon), C, Ménard, A, Belkhir, A., Colson, P, Dhiver, C, Madrid, A, Martin-Degiovani, M, Meddeb, L, Mokhtari, M, Motte, A, Raoux, A, Ravaux, I, Tamalet, C, Toméi, C, Tissot Dupont, H, Brégigeon, S, Zaegel-Faucher, O, Obry-Roguet, V, Laroche, H, Orticoni, M, Soavi, M., de Lamarlière, P Geneau, Ressiot, E, Ducassou, M., Jaquet, I, Galie, S, Galinier, A, Martinet, P, Landon, M, Ritleng, A., Ivanova, A, Debreux, C, Lions, C, Poizot-Martin (Marseille Ste Marguerite), I, Bigeard, B, Cabras, O, Guitteaud, K, Illiaquer, M, Marquise, A, Pierre-François, S, Pasquier, J, Rome, K, Turmel, J., Varache, C, Cabié (Martinique), A, Atoui, N, Bistoquet, M, Delaporte, E, Le Moing, V, Makinson, A, Meftah, N, de Boever, C Merle, Montes, B, Montoya Ferrer, A, Tuaillon, E, Reynes (Montpellier), J, André, M, Boyer, L, Bouillon, M., Delestan, M, Rabaud, C, May, T, Hoen (Nancy), B, Bernaud, C, Billaud, E, Biron, C, Bonnet, B, Bouchez, S, Boutoille, D, Brunet-Cartier, C, Deschanvres, C, Gaborti, B, Hall, N, Jovelin, T, Morineau, P, Reliquet, V, Sécher, S, Cavellec, M, Soria, A, Ferré, V, André-Garnier, E, Rodallec, A, Lefebvre, M, Grossi, O, Aubry, O, Raffi (Nantes), F, Pugliese, P, Breaud, S, Ceppi, C, Chirio, D, Cua, E, Dellamonica, P, Demonchy, E, De Monte, A, Durant, J, Etienne, C, Ferrando, S, Garraffo, R, Michelangeli, C, Mondain, V, Naqvi, A, Oran, N, Perbost, I, Pillet, S, Pradier, C, Prouvost-Keller, B, Risso, K, Rio, V, Roger, P., Rosenthal, E, Sausse, S, Touitou, I, Wehrlen-Pugliese, S, Zouzou (Nice), G, Hocqueloux, L, Prazuck, T, Gubavu, C, Sève, A, Maka, A, Boulard, C, Thomas, G, Botelho-Nevers, E, Gagneux-Brunon, A, Frésard, A, Ronat, V, Lucht, F, Fischer, P, Partisani, M, Cheneau, C, Priester, M, Batard, M., Bernard-Henry, C, de Mautort, E, Fafi-Kremer, S, Rey, D, Alvarez, M, Biezunski, N, Debard, A, Lansalot, P, Lelièvre, L, Martin-Blondel, G, Piffaut, M, Porte, L, Saune, K, Ajana, F, Aïssi, E, Alcaraz, I, Baclet, V, Bocket, L, Boucher, A, Choisy, P, Lafon-Desmurs, B, Meybeck, A, Pradier, M, Robineau, O, Viget, N, Valette, M, Yazdanpanah, Y, Landman, R, Duvivier, C, Valantin, M., Agher, R, Katlama, C, Flandre, P, Lortholary, O, Avettand-Fenoel, V, Rouzioux, C, Consigny, P., Cessot, G, Touam, F, Usubillaga, R, Benhadj, K, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital Gustave Dron, Tourcoing], Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Carcinogénèse épithéliale : facteurs prédictifs et pronostiques - UFC (EA 3181) (CEF2P / CARCINO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France., CIC 1413, INSERM, Nantes, France., Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier]
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Men who have sex with men, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Homosexuality, Homosexuality, Male, Prospective cohort study, media_common, Pharmacology, 030505 public health, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: HIV Infections, Continuity of Patient Care, Place of birth, Care Continuum, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, 3. Good health, MESH: France, MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, MESH: Continuity of Patient Care, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Population study, Female, France, 0305 other medical science, business, Viral load, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography
Abstract: Objectives Even in an ‘optimal’ health system, patients’ characteristics may have an impact on their care. We investigated whether age, gender and place of birth have an impact in the HIV care continuum in France, a country with a universal free healthcare system. Methods We estimated differences in the 5 year restricted mean percentage of person-time spent (i) in care, (ii) receiving ART and (iii) on ART and virally suppressed among 2432 (30.2%) women, 3925 MSM (48.7%) and 1709 men who have sex with women (MSW; 21.2%) entering care in the Dat’AIDS French prospective cohort between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov reference NCT02898987. Results Men and women spent 85.6% and 82.8% of person-time on ART and 69.9% and 65% suppressed, respectively. MSM, MSW and women spent 86.9%, 82.6% and 82.8% of person-time on ART and 72.5%, 63.7% and 65% suppressed, respectively. Patients born in France (47%) and patients born abroad spent 87.9% and 81.9% of person-time on ART and 74.6% and 62.9% suppressed, respectively. Young men born abroad were found to spend the smallest person-time with non-detectable viral load (53% for MSW and 58.1% for MSM). Conclusions Despite free access to care and universal ART in France, disparities remain in the HIV continuum care across age, country of birth and way of HIV acquisition. Clinical and public health interventions targeting specific patients’ conditions are needed.
Published: 2021

35. Combined Sexual Behavioral Profiles in HIV-Seronegative Men Who have Sex with Men in West Africa (CohMSM ANRS 12324-Expertise France)

Author: Pierre-Julien, Coulaud, Luis, Sagaon-Teyssier, Mohamed, Mimi, Bakridine, M'madi Mrenda, Gwenaëlle, Maradan, Marion, Mora, Michel, Bourrelly, Bintou Dembélé, Keita, Abdoul Aziz, Keita, Camille, Anoma, Stéphane-Alain, Babo Yoro, Ter Tiero Elias, Dah, Christian, Coulibaly, Ephrem, Mensah, Selom, Agbomadji, Adeline, Bernier, Clotilde, Couderc, Christian, Laurent, Bruno, Spire, Claver Anoumou Yaotsè, Dagnra, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), ARCAD-SIDA [Bamako, Mali], Espace Confiance [Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire], Association African Solidarité [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Espoir Vie Togo [Lomé, Togo], Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), CohMSM Study Group: Clotilde Couderc, Bruno Granouillac, Suzanne Izard, Christian Laurent, Laura March, Martine Peeters, Laetitia Serrano, Cyril Berenger, Michel Bourrelly, Pierre-Julien Coulaud, Gwenaëlle Maradan, Bakri M'madi Mrenda, Marion Mora, Enzo Parisi, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Bruno Spire, Adeline Bernier, Paméla Palvadeau, Daniela Rojas Castro, Drissa Camara, Oumar Cisse, Alou Coulibaly, Bintou Dembele Keita, Fodié Diallo, Mahamadou Diarra, Mady Gadjigo, Abdoul Aziz Keita, Kader Maiga, Aly Ouologuem, Fodé Traore, Niamkey Thomas Aka, Camille Anoma, Stéphane-Alain Babo Yoro, Noufo Hamed Coulibaly, Rachelle Kotchi, Patrick Kouabenan, Malan Jean-Baptiste Kouame, Kpassou Julien Lokrou, Frédéric Dibi N'Guessan, Xavier Anglaret, Jean-Marie Masumbuko, Maxime Oga, Christian Coulibaly, Ter Tiero Elias Dah, Ousseni Ilboudo, Joseph Ouedraogo, Mamadou Ouedraogo, Elisabeth Thio, Juste Rodrigue Toure, Abdoulazziz Traore, Issa Traore, Fiffou Yougbare, Nicolas Meda, Kouakou Kokouvi Selom Agbomadji, Richard Mawuényégan Kouamivi Agboyibor, Messan Attiogbe, Aléda Mawuli Badjassim, Agbégnigan Lorette Ekon, Anouwarsadat Kokouba, Ephrem Mensah, Diimiln Joseph Strauss Tablissi, Kossi Jeff Yaka, Claver Anoumou Yaotsè Dagnra, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: Male, Sexual behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV risk, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Human sexuality, medicine.disease_cause, West africa, Men who have sex with men, Cohort Studies, Sexual and Gender Minorities, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Sexual Partners, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, MESH: Cohort Studies, General Psychology, virus diseases, MESH: HIV Infections, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Africa, Western, Sexual Partners, MESH: Risk-Taking, MESH: Young Adult, Cohort, Sexual orientation, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Identity, MESH: Africa, Western, West Africa, medicine, Humans, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Humans, 030505 public health, Public health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the dynamics of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) can help improve efficiency in existing prevention strategies. We aimed to identify and describe the sexual behaviors of MSM most at risk of HIV infection in West Africa. HIV-negative MSM were provided a quarterly preventive follow-up package in the community-based cohort CohMSM. They completed face-to-face sociobehavioral questionnaires every 6 months. This sub-study on 520 participants used a baseline, 6-, 12- and 18-month data cluster analysis to categorize two profiles (high risk [HRE] and moderate risk [MRE] of exposure to HIV) based on three risky sexual practices over the previous 6 months. HRE-MSM (61%) were more engaged in receptive practices, had a higher proportion of inconsistent condom use during anal sex, and reported more sexual partners than MRE-MSM (39%). The proportion of HIV seroconversions observed during the first 18 months of follow-up using sexual behavioral profiles (92% are HRE-MSM) was higher than using the three risky sexual practices separately. Factors associated with the HRE-MSM profile were being younger (18-21 years), reporting stigma, and having had no female partner while being attracted only to men. Our findings suggest that in order to identify MSM most at risk of HIV infection, several risky sexual practices need to be evaluated in a combined approach. Prevention programs should pay particular attention to younger MSM, and implement activities addressing questions of MSM identity and stigma in order to reduce the dynamic of HIV infection in Western African MSM.
Published: 2019

36. THETA

Author: Nicolas Jeanne, Caroline Lefebvre, Pierre Delobel, Romain Carcenac, Florence Nicot, Chloé Dimeglio, Stéphanie Raymond, Christelle Reynes, Michelle Cazabat, Jacques Izopet, Laboratoire de Virologie [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Toulouse], and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse]
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Receptors, CXCR4, Silver, Genotype, Receptors, CCR5, MESH: HIV-1, viruses, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Computational biology, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Receptors, CCR5, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Biology, Gp41, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, MESH: Receptors, CXCR4, MESH: Genotype, MESH: HIV Envelope Protein gp120, 03 medical and health sciences, Data sequences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Silver, medicine, Molecular Biology, Tropism, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, Europe, Viral Tropism, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, GenBank, HIV-1, Tissue tropism, MESH: Europe, MESH: Viral Tropism, Selection operator
Abstract: Motivation The circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 CRF02-AG is the most frequent non-B subtype in Europe. Anti-HIV therapy and pathophysiological studies on the impact of HIV-1 tropism require genotypic determination of HIV-1 tropism for non-B subtypes. But genotypic approaches based on analysis of the V3 envelope region perform poorly when used to determine the tropism of CRF02-AG. We, therefore, designed an algorithm based on information from the gp120 and gp41 ectodomain that better predicts the tropism of HIV-1 subtype CRF02-AG. Results We used a bio-statistical method to identify the genotypic determinants of CRF02-AG coreceptor use. Toulouse HIV Extended Tropism Algorithm (THETA), based on a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator method, uses HIV envelope sequence from phenotypically characterized clones. Prediction of R5X4/X4 viruses was 86% sensitive and that of R5 viruses was 89% specific with our model. The overall accuracy of THETA was 88%, making it sufficiently reliable for predicting the tropism of subtype CRF02-AG sequences. Availability and implementation Binaries are freely available for download at https://github.com/viro-tls/THETA. It was implemented in Matlab and supported on MS Windows platform. The sequence data used in this work are available from GenBank under the accession numbers MK618182-MK618417.
Published: 2019

37. Alteration of the gut fecal microbiome in children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon

Author: William Baiye Abange, Aubin Nanfack, Sean Kennedy, Catherine A. Lozupone, Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou, Casey G. Martin, Laeticia Grace Yatchou, Joseph Fokam, Nichole M. Nusbacher, Alexis Ndjolo, Clement Assob Nguedia, Hortense Gonsu Kamga, University of Buéa, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yaoundé, Partenaires INRAE, Centre international de référence Chantal Biya pour la recherche sur la prévention et la prise en charge du VIH/SIDA (CIRCB), Fondation Chantal Biya (FCB), University of Colorado [Denver], Département de Biologie Computationnelle - Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Yaoundé I, and We would also like to thank the Cameroon government for financial support as well as an Early Career Scholar award to Dr. Lozupone from the University of Colorado, Denver Department of Medicine. High performance computing was supported by a cluster at the University of Colorado Boulder funded by National Institutes of Health 1S10OD012300.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cameroon, Child, MESH: Cohort Studies, Multidisciplinary, biology, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, MESH: Feces, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Infant, MESH: Case-Control Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Child, Preschool, Medicine, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Viral load, Microbial genetics, Science, T cell, Microbial communities, MESH: Anti-Retroviral Agents, Article, MESH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, medicine, Humans, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Microbiome, MESH: Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Akkermansia, MESH: Cameroon, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, MESH: Female
Abstract: Multiple factors, such as immune disruption, prophylactic co-trimoxazole, and antiretroviral therapy, may influence the structure and function of the gut microbiome of children infected with HIV from birth. In order to understand whether HIV infection altered gut microbiome and to relate changes in microbiome structure and function to immune status, virological response and pediatric ART regimens, we characterized the gut microbiome of 87 HIV-infected and 82 non-exposed HIV-negative children from Yaounde, a cosmopolitan city in Cameroon. We found that children living with HIV had significantly lower alpha diversity in their gut microbiome and altered beta diversity that may not be related to CD4+ T cell count or viral load. There was an increased level of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium genera and decreased level of Escherichia and other Gamma proteobacteria in children infected with HIV, among other differences. We noted an effect of ethnicity/geography on observed gut microbiome composition and that children on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-based ART had gut microbiome composition that diverged more from HIV-negative controls compared to those on non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors-based ART. Further studies investigating the role of this altered gut microbiome in increased disease susceptibility are warranted for individuals who acquired HIV via mother-to-child transmission.
Published: 2021

38. Assessment of nivolumab in HIV-Infected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after prior chemotherapy. The IFCT-1602 CHIVA2 phase 2 clinical trial

Author: Armelle Lavolé, L. Kiakouama, Jean-Philippe Spano, Laurent Greillier, Sophie Schneider, Marine Baron, Alain Makinson, Solenn Brosseau, Franck Morin, Alexandra Langlais, Amélie Guihot, Baptiste Abbar, Julien Mazieres, Jacques Cadranel, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque (CHCB), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Méthodes computationnelles pour la prise en charge thérapeutique en oncologie : Optimisation des stratégies par modélisation mécaniste et statistique (COMPO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique [Paris] (IFCT), and Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie thoracique
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Oncology, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Phases of clinical research, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, HIV Infections, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Lung cancer, Adverse effect, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, business.industry, HIV, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Lung Neoplasms, 030104 developmental biology, Nivolumab, Tolerability, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Nivolumab, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Non small cell lung cancer, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunotherapy, business, MESH: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Abstract: Importance Therapies targeting immune checkpoints, such as the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor, have become the standard-of-care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but people living with HIV (PLWH) were excluded from these studies. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nivolumab in PLWH with advanced NSCLC. Design The CHIVA2 study was a nonrandomized, open-label, phase 2 clinical trial in PLWH with previously treated advanced NSCLC. Setting National multicenter prospective study. Participants patients had viral load of Intervention Nivolumab was administered in second or third line, as monotherapy intravenously at 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, until disease progression or limiting toxicity. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary endpoint was disease control rate, evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Adverse events were graded using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Results Sixteen patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled: 14 (88 %) were men, median age was 58 years (range: 44−71), and all were smokers. The median duration of nivolumab treatment was 3.5 months (range: 0.5–26.5). The median follow-up was 23.6 months. Disease control rate was 62.5 % for 15 evaluable patients at 8 weeks (2 with partial response, 8 with stable disease, and 5 with disease progression). Twelve (75 %) patients had treatment-related adverse events, which were mild or moderate, except for one patient experiencing severe pruritus, onycholysis, and pemphigoid. There were no opportunistic infections or unexpected immune-related events. HIV viral load was stable during treatment. An increase in proliferating CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells was observed after 3 nivolumab cycles in a subgroup of 9 patients. Conclusions and Relevance Second/third-line nivolumab treatment was well-tolerated and beneficial in PLWH with NSCLC. Future trials should investigate immune checkpoint inhibitors in first-line settings. Trial Registration EudraCT.ema.europa.eu registration number: 2016−003796-22
Published: 2021

39. The methamphetamine epidemic among persons who inject heroin in Hai Phong, Vietnam

Author: Roselyne Vallo, Kamyar Arasteh, Jonathan Feelemyer, Don C. Des Jarlais, Pham Minh Khue, Laurent Michel, Catherine Quillet, Nicolas Nagot, Vu Hai Vinh, Hoang Thi Giang, Duong Thi Huong, Jean-Pierre Molès, Delphine Rapoud, Drive Study Team, Didier Laureillard, Khuat Thi Hai Oanh, Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh, College of Global Public Health [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Supporting Community Development Initiatives [Hanoï, Vietnam], Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier], Viet Tiep Hospital [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Centre Pierre Nicole [Paris], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (miscellaneous), HIV Infections, Persons who inject drugs, Article, MESH: Methamphetamine, Heroin, Methamphetamine, Hai Phong, Social support, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Epidemics, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, MESH: Epidemics, Harm reduction, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public health, MESH: HIV Infections, Mental health, MESH: Male, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Vietnam, Viet Nam, Structured interview, MESH: Substance Abuse, Intravenous, MESH: Heroin, MESH: Vietnam, Pshychiatric Mental Health, business, Psychosocial, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Aims: To describe the current methamphetamine (MA) use epidemic among persons who inject heroin (PWID) in Hai Phong, Vietnam, and consider possibilities for mitigating adverse effects of methamphetamine use.Methods: This study conducted surveys of PWID in 2016, 2017, and 2018 (N = 1383, 1451, and 1445, respectively). Trained interviewers administered structured interviews covering drug use histories, current drug use, and related risk behaviors. The study used urinalysis to confirm current drug use, and conducted HIV and HCV testing.Results: Participants were predominantly male (95%), mean age of 40, and all reported injecting heroin. Respondents' reports of initiating MA use were rare up through early 2000s but increased exponentially through the mid-2010s. MA use was predominantly "smoking," heating the drug and inhaling the vapor using a pipe; injecting MA was rare. Current (past 30 day) MA use appears to have plateaued in 2016-2018 with 53-58% of participants reporting no use in the last 30 days, 37-41% reporting low to moderate use (1 to 19 days in last 30 days), and 5-7% reporting very frequent use (20 or more days in last 30 days). This plateau reflects a rough balance between new users and individuals ceasing use.Conclusions: MA use has become a substantial public health problem among PWID in Hai Phong. Initiation into MA use rose exponentially from 2005 to about 2015. Use of MA will likely continue for a substantial number of PWID. Currently, no medication is approved for treating MA disorders in Vietnam. Current psychosocial treatment requires highly trained counselors and months of treatment, so that psychosocial treatment for all PWID with MA disorders is likely beyond the resources available in a middle-income country such as Vietnam. Harm reduction programs implemented by community-based organization staff may provide a way to rapidly address aspects of the current MA epidemic. Such programs could emphasize social support for reducing use where possible and for avoiding escalation of use among persons continuing to use.
Published: 2021

40. A cohort study revealed high mortality among people who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam

Author: Jean-Pierre Molès, Roselyne Vallo, Catherine Quillet, Didier Laureillard, Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh, Nicolas Nagot, Vu Hai Vinh, Khuat Thi Hai Oanh, Laurent Michel, Delphine Rapoud, Pham Minh Khue, Amandine Cournil, Hoang Thi Giang, Duong Thi Huong, Philippe Van de Perre, Jonathan Feelemyer, Don C. Des Jarlais, Retiveau, Nolwenn, Dpt of Infectious and Tropical Diseases [Hai Phong], Viet Tiep Hospital [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier], Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier], Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Supporting Community Development Initiatives [Hanoï, Vietnam], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Croix rouge française, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Epidemiology, Context (language use), MESH: Comorbidity, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, Lower risk, Cohort Studies, Drug Users, MESH: Drug Users, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, Tuberculosis, Humans, Viral hepatitis, Mortality, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Mortality, business.industry, Mortality rate, HIV, MESH: Adult, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Vietnam, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cohort, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Substance Abuse, Intravenous, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, MESH: Vietnam, business, Viral load, People who inject drugs, MESH: Female, Methadone, medicine.drug, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; Objective: To estimate the residual mortality rate among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Low-Middle Income Countries context where the HIV epidemic has been controlled and methadone coverage is high.Study design and setting: PWID from Haiphong, Vietnam, were recruited through three annual respondent-driven sampling surveys that fueled two cohorts of PWID with HIV (n = 761) and without HIV (n = 897), with bi-annual follow-up. Presumed causes of death were ascertained from medical records and/or interviews of participants family.Results: Among the 1658 participants with a median follow-up of 2 years, 67 and 36 died in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative cohort, respectively, yielding crude mortality rates of 4.3 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 3.3-5.4) per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) and 1.9 (CI: 1.4-2.6) per 100 PYFU. In the HIV-positive cohort, in which 81% of participants had undetectable viral load, the two main causes of death were tuberculosis and HIV-related diseases. In the HIV-negative cohort, the two main causes of death were liver-related diseases and overdose. In a time-dependent multivariable model, "unsuppressed viral load" was associated with increased risk of mortality, whereas "being on methadone" or "being employed" was associated with a lower risk.Conclusion: Despite a very successful HIV and methadone program, the mortality remains high among PWID in Vietnam, largely due to curable infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and viral hepatitis.
Published: 2021

41. Using large-scale respondent driven sampling to monitor the end of an HIV epidemic among persons who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Viet Nam

Author: Roselyne Vallo, Pham Minh Khue, Laurent Michel, Kamyar Arasteh, Drive Study Team, Didier Laureillard, Vu Hai Vinh, Delphine Rapoud, Nicolas Nagot, Hoang Thi Giang, Don C. Des Jarlais, Sao Mai Le, Duong Thi Huong, Jonathan Feelemyer, Catherine Quillet, Khuat Thi Hai Oanh, Jean-Pierre Molès, Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh, College of Global Public Health [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Supporting Community Development Initiatives [Hanoï, Vietnam], Viet Tiep Hospital [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier], Centre Pierre Nicole [Paris], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Herrada, Anthony
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, Epidemiology, Hiv epidemic, HIV Infections, Surveys, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical Locations, Cohort Studies, Immunodeficiency Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, MESH: Cohort Studies, Virus Testing, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Viet nam, Sampling (statistics), MESH: HIV Infections, Vietnam, HIV epidemiology, Medical Microbiology, Research Design, Viral Pathogens, Scale (social sciences), Viruses, Epidemiological Monitoring, Respondent, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Female, Pathogens, Research Article, Cohort study, Medical conditions, Adult, Asia, Science, HIV prevention, Population, Viral diseases, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Sampling Studies, MESH: Sampling Studies, Diagnostic Medicine, Retroviruses, Humans, Epidemics, education, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Epidemics, Medicine and health sciences, Preventive medicine, MESH: Humans, Survey Research, business.industry, Lentivirus, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, Public and occupational health, Snowball sampling, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sample Size, People and Places, MESH: Substance Abuse, Intravenous, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, respondent driven sampling, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, MESH: Vietnam, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: Aims To describe the use of large-scale respondent driven sampling (RDS) surveys to demonstrate the “end of an HIV epidemic” (HIV incidence < 0.5/100 person-years) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in a middle-income country. Large sample sizes are needed to convincingly demonstrate very low incidence rates. Methods 4 large surveys (Ns approximately 1500 each) were conducted among PWID in Hai Phong, Vietnam in 2016–2019. Respondent driven sampling (RDS) with a modification to add snowball sampling was used for recruiting participants. HIV incidence was measured through recency testing, repeat participants across multiple surveys and in a cohort study of PWID recruited from the surveys. RDS analytics (time to equilibria and homophilies for major variables) were used to assess similarities/differences in RDS only versus RDS plus snowball recruiting. Characteristics were compared among respondents recruited through standard RDS recruitment versus through snowball sampling. An overall assessment of the robustness of RDS to modification was made when adding a snowball sampling recruitment. Results RDS recruiting was very efficient in the first 5 weeks of each survey with approximately 180 respondents recruited per week. Recruiting then slowed considerably, and snowball sampling (permitting an individual respondent to recruit large numbers of new respondents) was added to the existing RDS recruiting. This led to recruiting within 13–14 weeks of 1383, 1451, 1444 and 1268 respondents, close to the target of 1500 respondents/survey. Comparisons of participants recruited through standard RDS method and respondents recruited through snowball methods showed very few significant differences. RDS analytics (quickly reaching equilibria, low homophilies) were favorable for both RDS recruited and total numbers of participants in each survey. DRug use and Infections in ViEtnam (DRIVE) methods have now been officially adopted in other provinces. Conclusions RDS appears to be quite robust with respect to adding a modest number of participants recruited through snowball sampling. Large sample sizes can provide compelling evidence for “ending an HIV epidemic” to policy makers in a PWID population in a middle income country setting.
Published: 2021

42. Homonegativity, sexual violence and condom use with women in men who have sex with men and women in West Africa (CohMSM)

Author: Bintou Dembélé Keita, Lucas Riegel, Michel Bourrelly, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Clotilde Couderc, August Eubanks, Issifou Yaya, Pierre-Julien Coulaud, Marion Fiorentino, Ephrem Mensah, Christian Laurent, Gwenaëlle Maradan, Elias Ter Tiero Dah, Bruno Spire, Daniela Rojas-Castro, Camille Anoma, Dupuis, Christine, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ARCAD-SIDA [Bamako, Mali], Espace Confiance [Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire], Association African Solidarité [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Espoir Vie Togo [Lomé, Togo], Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), CohMSM Study Group, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Sexual Behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, West africa, law.invention, Men who have sex with men, Condoms, Sexual and Gender Minorities, 0302 clinical medicine, 5. Gender equality, law, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, MESH: Sexual Partners, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sexual violence, MESH: HIV Infections, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sexual Partners, Infectious Diseases, Sexual behavior, Togo, Cohort, Female, France, Design support, Psychosocial, MESH: Sex Offenses, MESH: Cote d'Ivoire, Sexual Behavior, Immunology, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Condoms, Condom, Burkina Faso, Humans, MESH: Burkina Faso, Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Sex Offenses, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Cote d'Ivoire, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Togo, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Objective: The study aimed to explore longitudinal interactions between homonegativity and sexual behaviors with female partners among HIV-negative West African men who have sex with men and women (MSMW).Design and method: The community-based cohort CohMSM ANRS 12324 - Expertise France enrolled MSM in Togo, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali. Sociobehavioral data were collected every 6 months. Using 30-month follow-up data, a multiprobit analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between psychosocial and behavioral variables ex-ante (t - 1) and ex-post (t).Results: MSMW (n = 326) accounted for half of all participants in CohMSM. They reported inconsistent condom use with women in 39% of visits. Perceived and internalized homonegativity at t - 1 tended to lead to sexual violence toward women at t (P < 0.1), which was associated with inconsistent condom use with them at t (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Given the high HIV prevalence in West African MSM, widespread condom-less sex with women in MSMW, and the aggravating effect of social and internalized homonegativity, more research in the MSMW subpopulation is needed to assess the risk of HIV bridging to women and to design support activities.
Published: 2021

43. Changes in Sexual Behaviors in Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Comparison Between the Double-Blind and Open-Label Extension Phases of the ANRS-IPERGAY Trial

Author: Cécile Tremblay, Marie Suzan-Monti, Christian Chidiac, Jean-Michel Molina, Daniela Rojas Castro, Christel Protière, Mohamed Mimi, Laurence Meyer, Bruno Spire, Marion Di Ciaccio, Catherine Capitant, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Marie Préau, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie Sociale (GRePS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), AIDES [Pantin, France], Coalition Internationale Sida [Pantin, France] (Programme Recherche Communautaire), Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint Louis], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), ANRS IPERGAY Study Group: J-M Molina, C Capitant, B Spire, G Pialoux, L Cotte, I Charreau, C Tremblay, J-M Le Gall, E Cua, A Pasquet, F Raffi, C Pintado, C Chidiac, J Chas, P Charbonneau, C Delaugerre, M Suzan-Monti, B Loze, J Fonsart, G Peytavin, A Cheret, J Timsit, G Girard, N Lorente, M Préau, J F Rooney, M A Wainberg, D Thompson, W Rozenbaum, V Doré, L Marchand, M-C Simon, N Etien, J-P Aboulker, L Meyer, J-F Delfraissy, C Pintado, B Loze, C Delaugerre, P Charbonneau, C Gatey, D Ponscarme, P Penot, L Niedbalski, R Veron, J Delgado, E Dalle, S Parlier, I Madelaine, J Fonsart, M Danet, N Mahjoub, N Mezreb, K Moudachirou, S Morel, G Conort, F Lorho, M Meunier, W Rozenbaum, J M Molina, J Chas, C Monfort, J Foucoin, B Boissavy, S Cousseau, S Huon, M Danet, A Djessima, V Berrebi, A Adda, S le Nagat, L Zarka, J Berdougo, G Pialoux, C Chidiac, N Mzoughi, F Clement, A Decouty, C Chapolard, M Godinot, C Adouard-Groslafeige, J Koffi, A Pansu, A Becker, S Pailhes, F Bonnet, F Jeanblanc, C Brochier, X Teruin, S Rouby, L Gilly, L Cotte, C Beauvais, P Arlotto, C Fortin, A Talbot, A Chamberland, A McKenzie, M Blanchette, R Rousseau, K Montheuth, D Thompson, M Morin, M Wainberg, C Tremblay, C Etienne, F Tolonin, S Breaud, V Péchenot, S Bagge, T Cepitelli, P M Roger, E Rosenthal, E Cua, A Cheret, P Cornavin, S Vandamme, J Lambec, N Dumon, O Leclanche, T Huleux, R Biekre, O Robineau, H Melliez, H Bazus, A Pasquet, C Bernaud, M Besnier, B Bonnet, N Hall, M Cavellec, H Hue, L Larmet, M Colas, R Choquet, F Raffi, Dupuis, Christine, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Male, Safe Sex, MESH: Sexual Behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, Gee, law.invention, Men who have sex with men, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Medicine, MESH: Sexual Partners, MESH: Double-Blind Method, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, Generalized estimating equation, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, PrEP, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sexual Partners, Infectious Diseases, Sexual behavior, MESH: Risk-Taking, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Risk Reduction Behavior, France, Open label, 0305 other medical science, Adult, Canada, Social Psychology, Anti-HIV Agents, ANRS-IPERGAY trial, Sexual Behavior, MESH: Safe Sex, Double blind, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Double-Blind Method, Condom, MESH: Canada, Humans, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, 030505 public health, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV risk management, MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Behaviors, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Demography, MESH: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Abstract: International audience; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is changing the landscape of HIV prevention, and may bring changes in sexual behaviors. The double-blind phase (DBP) and open-label extension (OLE) study of the ANRS-IPERGAY trial allowed us to assess changes in sexual behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) taking sexual activity-based (i.e., on-demand) PrEP. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models found a significant decrease in the number of sexual partners (Coefficient [CI95%], p value; - 0.37[- 0.70 to - 0.04], p = 0.03) between the DBP and OLE as well as in the number of sexual relations (- 0.25 [- 0.49 to 0.00], 0.04). GEE estimates also showed that respondents' most recent sexual relation was less likely to have been with an unknown casual partner during the OLE than during the DBP (Odds Ratio [CI95%], p value: 0.75[0.62-0.92], 0.005). Furthermore, they showed an increase in the proportion of condomless anal sex in the OLE (1.32[1.04-1.67], 0.02), a decrease in the proportion of 'suboptimal PrEP adherence' over time (0.75[0.58-0.97], p = 0.03), a decrease in PrEP only use (0.73[0.55-0.96], 0.03) and in both PrEP and condom use over time (0.70[0.51-0.95], 0.02) and finally, a decrease in alcohol consumption between the DBP and OLE (0.74[0.61-0.90], 0.002). We observed both protective and risky behaviors in terms of HIV and STI risk after on-demand PrEP uptake in the OLE phase. Our findings are consistent with results from previous PrEP trials.
Published: 2020

44. Early Antiretroviral Therapy Prevents Viral Infection of Monocytes and Inflammation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques

Author: Thibault Mesplèdes, Petronela Ancuta, Julien Clain, Ghita Benmadid-Laktout, Henintsoa Rabezanahary, Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid, Gina Racine, Jérôme Estaquier, Chloé Borde, Guadalupe Andreani, Fabrizio Mammano, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Jewish General Hospital, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Mammano, Fabrizio, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, viral reservoir, MESH: Inflammation, MESH: Spleen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Systemic inflammation, MESH: Monocytes, MESH: Animals, 0303 health sciences, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: HIV Infections, Viral Load, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Intestines, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anti-Retroviral Agents, SIV, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, medicine.symptom, MESH: Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, monocytes, MESH: Viral Load, IL-18, MESH: Intestines, CD14, Immunology, antiretroviral therapy, MESH: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Viremia, Spleen, Inflammation, Biology, CD16, Microbiology, MESH: Anti-Retroviral Agents, MESH: Macaca mulatta, 03 medical and health sciences, IL-1ra, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Viremia, intestine, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Monocyte, HIV, Simian immunodeficiency virus, medicine.disease, Macaca mulatta, CD4, inflammation, Insect Science, Pathogenesis and Immunity, spleen
Abstract: International audience; Despite early antiretroviral therapy (ART), treatment interruption is associated with viral rebound, indicating early viral reservoir (VR) seeding and absence of full eradication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that may persist in tissues. Herein, we address the contributing role of monocytes in maintaining VRs under ART, since these cells may represent a source of viral dissemination due to their ability to replenish mucosal tissues in response to injury. To this aim, monocytes with classical (CD14+), intermediate (CD14+ CD16+), and nonclassical (CD16+) phenotypes and CD4+ T cells were sorted from the blood, spleen, and intestines of untreated and early-ART-treated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) before and after ART interruption. Cell-associated SIV DNA and RNA were quantified. We demonstrated that in the absence of ART, monocytes were productively infected with replication-competent SIV, especially in the spleen. Reciprocally, early ART efficiently (i) prevented the establishment of monocyte VRs in the blood, spleen, and intestines and (ii) reduced systemic inflammation, as indicated by changes in interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) plasma levels. ART interruption was associated with a rebound in viremia that led to the rapid productive infection of both CD4+ T cells and monocytes. Altogether, our results reveal the benefits of early ART initiation in limiting the contribution of monocytes to VRs and SIV-associated inflammation.IMPORTANCE Despite the administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in treated individuals and ART interruption is associated with viral rebound. Persistent chronic immune activation and inflammation contribute to disease morbidity. Whereas monocytes are infected by HIV/SIV, their role as viral reservoirs (VRs) in visceral tissues has been poorly explored. Our work demonstrates that monocyte cell subsets in the blood, spleen, and intestines do not significantly contribute to the establishment of early VRs in SIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with ART. By preventing the infection of these cells, early ART reduces systemic inflammation. However, following ART interruption, monocytes are rapidly reinfected. Altogether, our findings shed new light on the benefits of early ART initiation in limiting VR and inflammation.
Published: 2020

45. Loss to follow-up among female sex workers in Zambia: findings from a five-year HIV-incidence cohort

Author: William Kilembe, Susan Allen, Matthew Price, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Tyronza Sharkey, Kalonde Malama, Andréa Gosset, Rachel Parker, Kristin M. Wall, Bruno Spire, Mubiana Inambao, Amanda Tichacek, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Rollins School of Public Health [Atlanta, GA, USA], Emory University [Lusaka, Zambia], Emory University [Ndola, Zambia], IAVI Global Headquarters [New-York, NY, USA], Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics [San Francisco, CA, USA], University of California, University of California (UC), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychological intervention, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Drop out, risk behaviour, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Cohort Studies, alcohol, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Hiv incidence, Female sex, virus diseases, General Medicine, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, MESH: HIV Infections, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Cohort, Female, 0305 other medical science, Adult, prevention trials, Adolescent, Person years, Zambia, MESH: Lost to Follow-Up, incidence studies, Article, MESH: Zambia, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Humans, Sex work, MESH: Adolescent, Risk behaviour, Sex Workers, 030505 public health, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Sex Workers, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, Lost to Follow-Up, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies, Demography
Abstract: International audience; HIV-incidence studies are used to identify at-risk populations for HIV-prevention trials and interventions, but loss to follow-up (LTFU) can bias results if participants who remain differ from those who drop out. We investigated the incidence of and factors associated with LTFU among Zambian female sex workers (FSWs) in an HIV-incidence cohort from 2012 to 2017. Enrolled participants returned at month one, month three and quarterly thereafter. FSWs were considered LTFU if they missed six consecutive months, or if their last visit was six months before the study end date. Of 420 FSWs, 139 (33%) were LTFU at a rate of 15.7 per 100 person years. In multivariable analysis, LTFU was greater for FSWs who never used alcohol, began sex work above the age of consent, and had a lower volume of new clients. Our study appeared to retain FSWs in most need of HIV-prevention services offered at follow-up.
Published: 2020

46. Dolutegravir-based and low-dose efavirenz-based regimen for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection (NAMSAL): week 96 results from a two-group, multicentre, randomised, open label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial in Cameroon

Author: Alexandra Calmy, Tamara Tovar Sanchez, Charles Kouanfack, Mireille Mpoudi-Etame, Sandrine Leroy, Ségolène Perrineau, Martial Lantche Wandji, Darius Tetsa Tata, Pierette Omgba Bassega, Thérèse Abong Bwenda, Marie Varloteaux, Marcel Tongo, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngolé, Alice Montoyo, Noémie Mercier, Vincent LeMoing, Martine Peeters, Jacques Reynes, Eric Delaporte, A Calmy, T Tovar Sanchez, C Kouanfack, M Mpoudi-Etame, S Leroy, S Perrineau, M Lantche-Wandji, D Tetsa-Tata, P Omgba-Bassega, T Abong-Bwenda, M Varloteaux, M Tongo, E Mpoudi-Ngolé, A Montoyo, N Mercier, V LeMoing, M Peeters, J Reynes, E Delaporte, A Ayouba, A Agholeng, C Butel, A Cournil, S Eymard-Duvernay, B Granouillac, S Izard, A Lacroix, L Serrano, N Vidal, PJ Fouda, R Mougnoutou, J Olinga, V Omgba, SC Tchokonte-Ngandé, B Ymele, CD Epoupa-Mpacko, M Fotso, R Moukoko, T Nké, A Akamba, S Lekelem, SB Tongo-Fotack, S Ngono, M Tanga, E Ebong, G Edoul-Mbesse, L Ciaffi, S Koulla-Shiro, G Manirakiza, ED Mimbé, S Boyer, M Bousmah, G Maradan, ML Nishimwe, B Spire, MP Lê, G Peytavin, A Diallo, I Fournier, C Rekacewicz, C Perez Casas, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Université de Dschang, Hôpital Central de Yaoundé [Yaoundé], Hôpital Militaire de Yaoundé, Partenaires INRAE, Hôpital de la Cité Verte [Yaoundé], Institut de Recherches Médicales et d'Etudes des Plantes Médicinales (IMPM), Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: Cyclopropanes, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Epidemiology, MESH: Piperazines, HIV Infections, Piperazines, MESH: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, law.invention, MESH: HIV-1, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Cyclopropanes, Randomized controlled trial, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Clinical endpoint, MESH: Duration of Therapy, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, MESH: Treatment Outcome, MESH: Middle Aged, Lamivudine, virus diseases, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, Viral Load, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Alkynes, MESH: Benzoxazines, Dolutegravir, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, MESH: Viral Load, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, Viral load, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Efavirenz, Anti-HIV Agents, Pyridones, Immunology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, Internal medicine, MESH: Pyridones, Oxazines, medicine, Humans, MESH: Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, Duration of Therapy, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Benzoxazines, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Regimen, chemistry, HIV-1, business, MESH: Alkynes, MESH: Oxazines, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Background: Updated WHO guidelines recommend a dolutegravir-based regimen as the preferred first-line treatment for HIV infection and low-dose efavirenz (400 mg) as an alternative. We aimed to report the non-inferior efficacy of dolutegravir compared with efavirenz 400 mg at week 96.Methods: We did a multicentre, randomised, open label, phase 3 trial in in three hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon, in HIV-1 infected antiretroviral-naive adults with an HIV RNA viral load of greater than 1000 copies per mL to compare dolutegravir 50 mg with efavirenz 400 mg (reference treatment), both combined with lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. The primary endpoint was the proportion with a viral load of less than 50 copies per mL at week 48 (10% non-inferiority margin). The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02777229 and is ongoing.Findings: Between July, 2016, and August, 2019, of 820 patients assessed, 613 were randomly assigned to receive at least one dose of study medication, with 310 in the dolutegravir group and 303 in the efavirenz 400 mg group. At week 96 in the intention-to-treat analysis, 229 (74%) of 310 patients receiving dolutegravir and 219 (72%) of 303 patients receiving efavirenz, achieved plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL (difference 1·6%, 95% CI -5·4 to 8·6; p=0.66). Viral load suppression was reached significantly more rapidly in the dolutegravir group (p1000 copies per mL) was observed in 27 patients (eight in the dolutegravir group, among which, three women switched to efavirenz 600 mg because of the dolutegravir teratogeneicity signal, and 19 in the efavirenz 400 mg group). No acquired resistance mutations to dolutegravir were observed against 17 mutations to efavirenz with or without mutations to lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate among the 19 efavirenz 400 mg participants with virological failure. Weight gain was greater in the dolutegravir group (median weight gain, 5·0 kg in the dolutegravir group and 3·0 kg in the efavirenz 400 mg group, p
Published: 2020

47. Dual therapy combining raltegravir with etravirine maintains a high level of viral suppression over 96 weeks in long-term experienced HIV-infected individuals over 45 years on a PI-based regimen: results from the Phase II ANRS 163 ETRAL study-authors' response

Author: Christine Katlama, Lambert Assoumou, Marc-Antoine Valantin, Cathia Soulié, Esteban Martinez, Lydie Béniguel, Olivier Bouchaud, François Raffi, Jean-Michel Molina, Soraya Fellahi, Gilles Peytavin, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Sami Kolta, Jacqueline Capeau, Severine Gibowski, Fanny Cardon, Jacques Reynes, Dominique Costagliola, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de virologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Hospital Clinic [Barcelona, Spain], Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Avicenne], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Nantes (CIC Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pathologies biliaires, fibrose et cancer du foie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Service de rhumatologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), MESH: Raltegravir Potassium, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Pyridazines, Raltegravir Potassium, Nitriles, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Nitriles, 3. Good health, Pyridazines, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Pyrimidines, MESH: Pyrimidines, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

48. Congenital Leishmaniasis in a Newborn Infant Whose Mother was Coinfected With Leishmaniasis and HIV

Author: Sylvie Lariven, Florence Michard, Aline Rideau, Sandrine Houzé, Anais Lemoine, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Christophe Ravel, A. Faye, Lahcene Allal, Agnès Bourgeois Moine, Nicolas Argy, Laurence Choudat, Pierre Buffet, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris (UPD5 Pharmacie), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département d'Anatomo-Pathologie [Hôpital Bichat], Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge (BIGR (UMR_S_1134 / U1134)), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Paris (UP), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Université de Paris - UFR Médecine Paris Centre [Santé] (UP Médecine Paris Centre), Université de Paris (UP), Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
Subjects: Pediatrics, MESH: Leishmaniasis, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Parasite Load, Amphotericin B failure, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Congenital, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Leishmania–HIV coinfection, Medicine, Leishmania infantum, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Transplacental, Leishmaniasis, 0303 health sciences, Fetal Growth Retardation, biology, Coinfection, Transmission (medicine), MESH: Infant, Newborn, Brain, General Medicine, MESH: HIV Infections, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Leishmania infantum, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Transplacental transmission, MESH: Fetal Growth Retardation, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, 030225 pediatrics, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infant newborn, MESH: Coinfection, MESH: Parasite Load, Visceral leishmaniasis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: In utero transmission of Leishmania infantum is the putative mechanism of congenital leishmaniasis. However, this hypothesis is based on limited research. In addition, the consequences for infant newborn development remain to be clarified by additional data. We report here the occurrence, specific management, and monitoring of congenital leishmaniasis in a newborn infant whose mother was coinfected with leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus; transplacental transmission, confirmed by overt clinical disease at birth, was documented, which provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence of hepatic and neurologic impairment in an infant with congenital visceral leishmaniasis.
Published: 2020

49. Are PrEP services in France reaching all those exposed to HIV who want to take PrEP? MSM respondents who are eligible but not using PrEP (EMIS 2017)

Author: Stéphane Morel, Annie Velter, David Michels, Virginie Villes, Rosemary M. Delabre, Margot Annequin, Tristan Alain, Axel J. Schmidt, Daniela Rojas Castro, Coalition PLUS [Pantin, France] (Community Research Laboratory Pantin), AIDES [Pantin, France], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH: Sexual Behavior, Health (social science), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Health Services Accessibility, Condoms, Health insurance system, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Anti-HIV Agents, MESH: Health Services Accessibility, MESH: Patient Acceptance of Health Care, MESH: HIV Infections, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], PrEP delivery, France, 0305 other medical science, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Social Psychology, Anti-HIV Agents, Sexual Behavior, PrEP access, PrEP eligibility, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Condoms, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, 030505 public health, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family medicine, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, business, MESH: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Abstract: International audience; Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is fully reimbursed by the French health insurance system since 2016. However, uptake of PrEP is slower than expected and little is known about men who have sex with men (MSM) who are eligible for PrEP according to French guidelines, but not using it. This study aims to (1) assess and describe MSM that are eligible to PrEP but not using it, and (2) identify potential individual and structural barriers of PrEP uptake among eligible MSM who are aware and intend to take PrEP. Data from EMIS-2017, a cross-sectional internet survey among gay, bisexual, and other MSM, were used. Among 7965 respondents without diagnosed HIV, 9.2% were PrEP users. Among 7231 non-PrEP users, 35.2% were eligible to PrEP and 15.2% were eligible, aware and intended to take PrEP. Eligible MSM who are not using PrEP are mostly younger, students, less "out", living in small cities, using condoms more frequently but still with low self-efficacy regarding safe sex and more distant from preventive health care and information than PrEP users. Despite free PrEP availability in France, results suggest that PrEP is not fully accessible and that there is a need to increase PrEP demand and decentralize PrEP delivery.
Published: 2020

50. Post-exposure prophylaxis completion and condom use in the context of potential sexual exposure to HIV

Author: Claudine Duvivier, André Cabié, Sylvie Bregigeon, Alain Makinson, David Rey, C Allavena, Jacques Reynes, Laurent Cotte, Isabelle Ravaux, Pierre Gantner, Les Hôptaux universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CHU Strasbourg, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur (CMIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Infection à VIH, réservoirs, diversité génétique et résistance aux antirétroviraux (ARV) (EA 7327), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Maladies infectieuses et tropicales dans la Caraïbe (MAITC EA 4537), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Université des Antilles (UA), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Dat'AIDS Study Group: Besançon: C. Drobacheff-Thiébaut, A. Foltzer, K. Bouiller, L. Hustache-Mathieu, C. Chirouze, F. Bozon, O. Babre, P. Muret, Clermont-Ferrand: H. Laurichesse, O. Lesens, M. Vidal, N. Mrozek, C. Aumeran, O. Baud, V. Corbin, P. Letertre, S. Casanova, C. Jacomet, Guadeloupe: B. Hoen, I. Lamaury, I. Fabre, E. Curlier, R. Ouissa, K. Schepers, C. Herrmann-Storck, N. Dournon, La Roche sur Yon: D. Merrien, P. Perré, T. Guimard, O. Bollangier, S. Leautez, M. Morrier, Lyon: F. Ader, F. Biron, A. Boibieux, L. Cotte, T. Ferry, P. Miailhes, T. Perpoint, S. Roux, S. Degroodt, C. Brochier, F. Valour, C. Chidiac, Marseille (IHU): C. Dhiver, M. Saadia Mokhtari, A. Ménard, H. Tissot Dupont, C. Toméi, L. Meddeb, A.Y. Belkhir, I. Ravaux, Marseille (Ste Marguerite): S. Brégigeon, O. Zaegel-Faucher, V. Obry-Roguet, H. Laroche, M. Orticoni, M.J. Soavi, P. Geneau de Lamarlière, E. Ressiot, M.J. Ducassou, I. Jaquet, S. Galie, A. Galinier, P. Martinet, M. Landon, A.S. Ritleng, A. Ivanova, C. Debreux, C. Lions, I. Poizot-Martin, Martinique: S. Abel, R. Césaire, L. Cuzin, G. Dos Santos, L. Fagour, M. Illiaquer, F. Najioullah, D. Nguyen, M. Ouka, S. Pierre-François, J. Pasquier, M. Pircher, B. Rozé, A. Cabié, Montpellier: N. Atoui, V. Le Moing, A. Makinson, N. Meftah, C. Merle de Boever, B. Montes, A. Montoya Ferrer, J. Reynes, Nancy: M. André, L. Boyer, M.P. Bouillon, M. Delestan, T. May, Nantes: C. Allavena, C. Bernaud, E. Billaud, C. Biron, B. Bonnet, S. Bouchez, D. Boutoille, C. Brunet-Cartier, C. Deschanvres, N. Hall, T. Jovelin, P. Morineau, V. Reliquet, H. Hue, S. Sécher, M. Cavellec, A. Soria, V. Ferré, E. André-Garnier, A. Rodallec, M. Lefebvre, O. Grossi, O. Aubry, F. Raffi, Nice: P. Pugliese, S. Breaud, C. Ceppi, J. Courjon, E. Cua, J. Cottalorda, P. Dellamonica, E. Demonchy, A. De Monte, J. Durant, C. Etienne, S. Ferrando, J.G. Fuzibet, R. Garraffo, A. Joulie, K. Risso, V. Mondain, A. Naqvi, N. Oran, I. Perbost, S. Pillet, B. Prouvost-Keller, C. Pradier, S. Wehrlen-Pugliese, V. Rio, E. Rosenthal, S. Sausse, G. Zouzou, Orléans: L. Hocqueloux, T. Prazuck, C. Gubavu, A. Sève, M. Niang, C. Boulard, Paris (Bicêtre): A. Cheret, C. Goujard, Y. Quertainmont, E. Teicher, N. Lerolle, D. Vittecoq, O. Deradji, F. Fourreau, C. Pallier, A. Barrail-Tran, Paris (Bichat): R. Landman, V. Joly, C. Rioux, S. Lariven, A. Gervais, F.X. Lescure, S. Matheron, F. Louni, C. Godard, Z. Julia, M. Chansombat, D. Rahli, C. Mackoumbou-Nkouka, C. Charpentier, D. Descamps, G. Peytavin, Y. Yazdanpanah, Paris (Pasteur-Necker): P.H. Consigny, G. Cessot, P. Bossi, J. Goesch, J. Benabdelmoumen, F. Lanternier, C. Charlier, K. Amazzough, B. Henry, B. Pilmis, C. Rouzaud, M. Morgand, F. Touam, C. Louisin, C. Duvivier, O. Lortholary, R. Guery, F. Danion, J. Lourenco, P. Parize, M. Launay, V. Avettand-Fenoel, Paris (Pitié): M.A. Valantin, F. Caby, R. Tubiana, R. Agher, S. Seang, L. Schneider, R. Palich, C. Blanc, C. Katlama, Reims: J.L. Berger, Y. N'Guyen, D. Lambert, D. Lebrun, I. Kmiec, M. Hentzien, V. Brodard, F. Bani-Sadr, Saint-Etienne: E. Botelho-Nevers, A. Gagneux-Brunon, A. Frésard, F. Lucht, Strasbourg: P. Fischer, M. Partisani, C. Cheneau, M. Priester, M.L. Batard, C. Bernard-Henry, E. de Mautort, P. Gantner, D. Rey, Toulouse: M. Alvarez, N. Biezunski, A. Debard, C. Delpierre, P. Lansalot, L. Lelièvre, G. Martin-Blondel, M. Piffaut, L. Porte, K. Saune, P. Delobel, and Tourcoing: F. Ajana, I. Alcaraz, V. Baclet, A. Boucher, P. Choisy, T. Huleux, B. Lafon-Desmurs, H. Melliez, A. Meybeck, A. Pasquet, M. Pradier, O. Robineau, N. Viget, M. Valette.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, HIV Infections, law.invention, Men who have sex with men, Condoms, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Tenofovir, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Emtricitabine, MESH: Sexual Partners, Emtricitabine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Condom use, Health Policy, MESH: HIV Infections, Infectious Diseases, Sexual Partners, Cohort, cardiovascular system, Female, France, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Unprotected Sexual Intercourse, MESH: Unsafe Sex, Treatment discontinuation, education, Context (language use), MESH: Multivariate Analysis, Medication Adherence, MESH: Homosexuality, Male, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Condoms, Condom, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Homosexuality, Male, Tenofovir, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, Unsafe Sex, business.industry, HIV, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Odds ratio, MESH: Medication Adherence, 030112 virology, MESH: Male, Discontinuation, Sexual exposure, MESH: France, Multivariate Analysis, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesPost-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) care remains a challenge for individuals with potential sexual exposure to HIV in terms of PEP completion and ongoing risk behaviours.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on data from the French Dat’AIDS prevention cohort (NCT03795376) for individuals evaluated for PEP between 2004 and 2017. A multivariable analysis was performed of predictors of both PEP completion and condom use [odds ratios (ORs)] and their associated probabilities (P, with P > 95% being clinically relevant).ResultsOverall, 29 060 sexual exposures to HIV were evaluated for PEP [36% in men who have sex with men (MSM) and 64% in heterosexuals]. Overall, 12 different PEP regimens were offered in 19 240 cases (46%). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) was the preferred backbone (n = 14 304; 74%). We observed a shift from boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor- or integrase inhibitor-based regimens in recent years. Overall, 20% of PEP prescriptions were prematurely discontinued. Older age, MSM, intercourse with a sex worker, rape and intercourse with a known HIV-infected source patient were factors associated with increased rates of PEP completion (OR > 1; P > 98%). None of the 12 PEP regimens was associated with premature discontinuation. We also found 12 774 cases of unprotected sexual intercourse (48%). Condom use decreased (OR < 1; P > 99%) with the year of exposure, and was lower in MSM and rape victims. Condom use increased (OR > 1, P > 99%) with age, and was higher in those who had intercourse with a sex worker or with a female partner and in those with knowledge of the partner’s HIV status.ConclusionsWe provide new insights into how rates of condom use and PEP completion might be improved in those receiving PEP by targeting certain groups of individuals for interventions. In particular, youth and MSM at risk should be linked in a prevention-to-care continuum.
Published: 2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

447 results on '"MESH: HIV Infections"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources