Descriptor: "MESH: Reading" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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39 results on '"MESH: Reading"'

1. White matter disconnectivity fingerprints causally linked to dissociated forms of alexia

Author: Sam Ng, Sylvie Moritz-Gasser, Anne-Laure Lemaitre, Hugues Duffau, Guillaume Herbet, Herrada, Anthony, Service de Neurochirurgie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-CHU Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: MESH: Dyslexia, Adult, Male, QH301-705.5, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH: Reading, Neural circuits, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Dyslexia, Young Adult, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Biology (General), MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, Alexia, Pure, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, White Matter, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, Reading, MESH: White Matter, MESH: Young Adult, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Nerve Net, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, MESH: Female, MESH: Alexia, Pure
Abstract: For over 150 years, the study of patients with acquired alexia has fueled research aimed at disentangling the neural system critical for reading. An unreached goal, however, relates to the determination of the fiber pathways that root the different visual and linguistic processes needed for accurate word reading. In a unique series of neurosurgical patients with a tumor close to the visual word form area, we combine direct electrostimulation and population-based streamline tractography to map the disconnectivity fingerprints characterizing dissociated forms of alexia. Comprehensive analyses of disconnectivity matrices establish similarities and dissimilarities in the disconnection patterns associated with pure, phonological and lexical-semantic alexia. While disconnections of the inferior longitudinal and posterior arcuate fasciculi are common to all alexia subtypes, disconnections of the long arcuate and vertical occipital fasciculi are specific to phonological and pure alexia, respectively. These findings provide a strong anatomical background for cognitive and neurocomputational models of reading., Sam Ng et al. combine direct electrostimulation and population-based streamline tractography to map the disconnectivity fingerprints characterizing dissociated forms of alexia in neurosurgical patients with tumors close to the visual word form area. Their data sheds light on the anatomical background for cognitive and neurocomputational models of reading
Published: 2021
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2. Effects of inter-character spacing on saccade programming in beginning readers and dyslexics

Author: bellocchi, Stéphanie, Massendari, Delphine, Grainger, Jonathan, Ducrot, Stéphanie, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 - Faculté des Sciences humaines et des sciences de l'environnement ( UPVM UM3 UFR3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé (EPSYLON), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception (LPP - UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Dyslexia, MESH: Humans, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, MESH: Reading, Saccade programming, beginning readers, developmental dyslexia, inter-character spacing, oculomotor bisection task, developmental dyslexia, MESH: Male, inter-character spacing, Dyslexia, beginning readers, Reading, Saccade programming, MESH: Child, Saccades, Humans, oculomotor bisection task, MESH: Saccades, Female, Child, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; The present study investigated the impact of inter-character spacing on saccade programming in beginning readers and dyslexic children. In two experiments, eye movements were recorded while dyslexic children, reading-age, and chronological-age controls, performed an oculomotor lateralized bisection task on words and strings of hashes presented either with default inter-character spacing or with extra spacing between the characters. The results of Experiment 1 showed that (1) only proficient readers had already developed highly automatized procedures for programming both left- and rightward saccades, depending on the discreteness of the stimuli and (2) children of all groups were disrupted (i.e., had trouble to land close to the beginning of the stimuli) by extra spacing between the characters of the stimuli, and particularly for stimuli presented in the left visual field. Experiment 2 was designed to disentangle the role of inter-character spacing and spatial width. Stimuli were made the same physical length in the default and extra-spacing conditions by having more characters in the default spacing condition. Our results showed that inter-letter spacing still influenced saccade programming when controlling for spatial width, thus confirming the detrimental effect of extra spacing for saccade programming. We conclude that the beneficial effect of increased inter-letter spacing on reading can be better explained in terms of decreased visual crowding than improved saccade targeting.
Published: 2019
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3. L'impact de l'écran d'ordinateur sur la relation médecin-patient dans les cabinets de médecine générale d'Ile-de-France : le point de vue du médecin

Author: Cazenave-Dury, Lauriane, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Jean-Claude Schwartz
Subjects: Computer screen, MESH: Informatics, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Computer Terminals, Information technology, Informatique, MESH: Reading, MESH: Physicians' Offices, Médecine générale, MESH: General Practice, Cabinet médical, MESH: Physician-Patient Relations, Relation médecin-patient, Lecture sur écran, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Introduction: The introduction of computers in physicians’ offices began in the early 1990’s and accelerated since 1999 because obligation was made for doctors to send their invoices electronically to the social security management system. The computer’s entrance in doctor’s office hence happened without any consideration on its possible impact on the doctor-patient relationship during consultation. We will focus on the impact of the computer screen as an interfering object in the relationship.Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive quantitative non-probabilistic study led in general practitioners’ offices in the Paris region with an online self-administered questionnaire from September to November 2015.Results: Screen content was not visible for the patient in 71% of cases. 2/3 of the doctors would prefer a different configuration of their desktop. 84% used their computer screen to educate patients. 70% claimed looking at their screen less than 30% of the time. Women spent significantly more time looking at it. Time spent looking at the screen was considered too important for 23% and more particularly for the 25-30 year-old doctors. The average grade for the impact of the screen on the relationship was rated +0,603 [±2,350].Discussion: In our study, computer screen appears well integrated in the consultation, but doctors don’t seem fully aware of all sides of its impact. To reduce the inconvenience the screen causes to the relationship, the main actions would be: a rotating screen used to educate patients, computer typing at appropriate moments, keeping an eye contact with the patient.; Introduction : L’informatisation des cabinets médicaux, initiée au début des années 1990, s’est accélérée à partir de 1999 suite à l’obligation faite aux médecins libéraux de télétransmettre les feuilles de soins. L’irruption de l’ordinateur au sein du cabinet s’est donc faite sans réflexion sur son impact éventuel dans la relation médecin-patient au cours de la consultation. Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement à l’impact de l’écran en tant qu’objet interférant dans la relation.Matériel et méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude transversale descriptive quantitative non probabiliste menée dans des cabinets ambulatoires de médecine générale d’Ile de France par auto-questionnaire en ligne de septembre à novembre 2015.Résultats : Le contenu de l’écran n’était pas visible du patient dans 71% des cas. Les 2/3 des médecins préfèreraient une configuration de leur bureau différente. 84% déclaraient utiliser leur écran dans un but éducatif. 70% des médecins estimaient regarder l’écran moins de 30% du temps, les femmes regardant significativement plus leur écran. Le temps consacré à l’écran paraissait trop important pour 23% d’entre eux et plus particulièrement pour les 25-30 ans. L’impact global moyen de l’écran sur la relation était coté +0,603 [±2,350].Discussion : L’écran est bien intégré dans la consultation mais les médecins de notre étude ne semblent pas conscients de toutes les facettes de son impact. Pour diminuer les inconvénients, les principales mesures seraient: un écran mobile, utilisé à but éducatif, une saisie sur clavier aux moments appropriés, le maintien d’un contact visuel avec le patient.
Published: 2016

4. Simultaneous MEG and intracranial EEG recordings during attentive reading

Author: Denis Schwartz, Jacques Martinerie, Antoine Ducorps, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Sylvain Baillet, Sarang S. Dalal, Line Garnero, Karim Jerbi, Claude Adam, Olivier F. Bertrand, Dynamique Cérébrale et Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurosciences cognitives et imagerie cérébrale (NCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action (LPPA), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation Fyssen, Bourse Chateaubriand du Gouvernement de France, Bourse Marie Curie PIIF-GA-2008-221097, European Project, Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale (LENA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (IIN), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Dalal, Sarang, and OSCILLATORY DYNAMICS - INCOMING
Subjects: Male, MESH: Magnetoencephalography, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Visual, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Speech recognition, Audiology, Intracranial Electroencephalography, Gamma band, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Subdural electrodes, Attention, Epilepsy surgery, Electrocorticography, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, Electroencephalography, Neurology, MESH: Epilepsy, Psychology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Source localization, medicine.medical_specialty, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, MESH: Biological Clocks, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, Intracranial electroencephalography, Biological Clocks, MESH: Electroencephalography, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Artifact (error), Epilepsy, MESH: Attention, MESH: Humans, Beamformer, Intracranial eeg, MESH: Male, Electrophysiology, Reading, Evoked Potentials, Visual, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The relationship between neural oscillations recorded at various spatial scales remains poorly understood partly due to an overall dearth of studies utilizing simultaneous measurements. In an effort to study quantitative markers of attention during reading, we performed simultaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings in four epileptic patients. Patients were asked to attend to a specific color when presented with an intermixed series of red words and green words, with words of a given color forming a cohesive story. We analyzed alpha, beta, and gamma band oscillatory responses to the word presentation and compared the strength and spatial organization of those responses in both electrophysiological recordings. Time-frequency analysis of iEEG revealed a network of clear attention-modulated high gamma band (50-150 Hz) power increases and alpha/beta (9-25 Hz) suppressions in response to the words. In addition to analyses at the sensor level, MEG time-frequency analysis was performed at the source level using a sliding window beamformer technique. Strong alpha/beta suppressions were observed in MEG reconstructions, in tandem with iEEG effects. While the MEG counterpart of high gamma band enhancement was difficult to interpret at the sensor level in two patients, MEG time-frequency source reconstruction revealed additional activation patterns in accordance with iEEG results. Importantly, iEEG allowed us to confirm that several sources of gamma band modulation observed with MEG were indeed of cortical origin rather than EMG muscular or ocular artifact.
Published: 2009
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5. Relationship between task-related gamma oscillations and BOLD signal: New insights from combined fMRI and intracranial EEG

Author: Philippe Kahane, Pierre Fonlupt, Dominique Hoffmann, Monica Baciu, Olivier F. Bertrand, Lorella Minotti, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Deransart, Colin, Dynamique Cérébrale et Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Neurosciences précliniques, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collaboration, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, MESH: Cognition, Electroencephalography, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Cluster Analysis, Research Articles, Language, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Brain, Human brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electrodes, Implanted, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, MESH: Language, MESH: Epilepsy, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Visual Perception, Female, Anatomy, Psychology, MESH: Oxygen, Adult, Elementary cognitive task, Adolescent, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, MESH: Reading, Cognitive neuroscience, EEG-fMRI, 050105 experimental psychology, Stereoelectroencephalography, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, Neuroimaging, MESH: Electroencephalography, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Epilepsy, MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Male, Oxygen, Reading, MESH: Electrodes, Implanted, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Cognitive neuroscience relies on two sets of techniques to map the neural networks underlying cognition in humans: recordings of either regional metabolic changes (fMRI or PET) or fluctuations in the neural electromagnetic fields (EEG and MEG). Despite major advances in the last few years, an explicit linkage between the two is still missing and the neuroimaging community faces two complementary but unrelated sets of functional descriptions of the human brain. Such an explicit framework, linking the two approaches in potentially complex cognitive tasks and in a variety of brain regions would permit to combine them into fine spatio‐temporally‐grained human brain mapping procedures. We combined fMRI and intra‐cranial EEG recordings of the same epileptic patients during a semantic decision task and found a close spatial correspondence between regions of fMRI activations and recording sites showing EEG energy modulations in the gamma range (>40 Hz). Our findings further support previous findings that gamma band modulations co‐localize with BOLD variations and also indicate that fMRI may be used as a constraint to improve source reconstruction of gamma band EEG responses. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Published: 2007
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6. The role of sensorimotor impairments in dyslexia: a multiple case study of dyslexic children

Author: Stuart Rosen, Peter C. Hansen, Franck Ramus, Elizabeth Milne, Sarah White, Uta Frith, John Swettenham, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Visual perception, MESH: Hearing Disorders, Dyslexia, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, MESH: Child, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child, Hearing Disorders, Motor skill, Psychomotor learning, Learning Disabilities, Hearing Tests, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, MESH: Reference Values, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Phonology, MESH: Motor Activity, MESH: Vision Disorders, Visual Perception, Female, medicine.symptom, MESH: Hearing Tests, Psychology, MESH: Thumb, Cognitive psychology, MESH: Dyslexia, Auditory perception, Reading disability, Cognitive Neuroscience, Vision Disorders, MESH: Stress, Phonological deficit, MESH: Reading, Motor Activity, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Fingers, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Learning Disorders, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Fingers, Reading, Thumb, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; This study attempts to investigate the role of sensorimotor impairments in the reading disability that characterizes dyslexia. Twenty-three children with dyslexia were compared to 22 control children, matched for age and non-verbal intelligence, on tasks assessing literacy as well as phonological, visual, auditory and motor abilities. The dyslexic group as a whole were significantly impaired on phonological, but not sensorimotor, tasks. Analysis of individual data suggests that the most common impairments were on phonological and visual stress tasks and the vast majority of dyslexics had one of these two impairments. Furthermore, phonological skill was able to account for variation in literacy skill, to the exclusion of all sensorimotor factors, while neither auditory nor motor skill predicted any variance in phonological skill. Visual stress seems to account for a small proportion of dyslexics, independently of the commonly reported phonological deficit. However, there is little evidence for a causal role of auditory, motor or other visual impairments.
Published: 2006
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7. Computational evidence that frequency trajectory theory does not oppose but emerges from age-of-acquisition theory

Author: Martial Mermillod, Alain Méot, Michel Paindavoine, Ludovic Ferrand, Patrick Bonin, Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition ( LPNC ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive ( LAPSCO ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] ( LEAD ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)
Subjects: Time Factors, Computer science, Task (project management), Learning effect, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Models, Psychological, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH : Models, Psychological, Cognitive science, Psycholinguistics, MESH : Neural Networks (Computer), 05 social sciences, Age Factors, Contrast (statistics), MESH : Artificial Intelligence, Language acquisition, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Psycholinguistics, Cognitive psychology, MESH : Time Factors, Order of acquisition, Cognitive Neuroscience, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, MESH: Reading, Models, Psychological, Language Development, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Psycholinguistics, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Neural Networks (Computer), Connectionism, Artificial Intelligence, MESH: Language Development, MESH: Artificial Intelligence, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Age Factors, MESH : Language Development, MESH: Humans, MESH: Time Factors, MESH : Humans, MESH : Reading, Word lists by frequency, Age of Acquisition, Reading, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Age Factors, Neural Networks, Computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; According to the age-of-acquisition hypothesis, words acquired early in life are processed faster and more accurately than words acquired later. Connectionist models have begun to explore the influence of the age/order of acquisition of items (and also their frequency of encounter). This study attempts to reconcile two different methodological and theoretical approaches (proposed by Lambon Ralph & Ehsan, 2006 and Zevin & Seidenberg, 2002) to age-limited learning effects. The current simulations extend the findings reported by Zevin and Seidenberg (2002) that have shown that frequency trajectories (FTs) have limited and specific effects on word-reading tasks. Using the methodological framework proposed by Lambon Ralph and Ehsan (2006), which makes it possible to compare word-reading and picture-naming tasks in connectionist networks, we were able to show that FT has a considerable influence on age-limited learning effects in a picture naming task. The findings show that when the input-output mappings are arbitrary (simulating picture naming tasks), the links formed by the network become entrenched as a result of early experience and that subsequent variations in frequency of exposure of the items have only a minor impact. In contrast, when the mappings between input-output are quasi-systematic or systematic (simulating word-reading tasks), the training of new items was generalized and resulted in the suppression of age-limited learning effects. At a theoretical level, we suggest that FT, which simultaneously takes account of time and the level of exposure across time, represents a more precise and modulated measure compared with the order of introduction of the items and may lead to innovative hypotheses in the field of age-limited learning effects.
Published: 2012
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8. The visual attention span deficit in dyslexia is visual and not verbal

Author: Rachel Zoubrinetzky, Sylviane Valdois, Muriel Lobier, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, genetic structures, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Neuropsychological Tests, Task (project management), Dyslexia, Visual processing, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), MESH: Child, Attention, Child, 10. No inequality, media_common, Intelligence Tests, Intelligence quotient, 05 social sciences, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: International Classification of Diseases, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Categorization, Visual Perception, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Cognitive psychology, MESH: Dyslexia, Adolescent, Span (category theory), Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, MESH: Reading, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, International Classification of Diseases, medicine, Humans, Visual attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Attention, MESH: Verbal Behavior, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, Verbal Behavior, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Reading, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The visual attention (VA) span deficit hypothesis of dyslexia posits that letter string deficits are a consequence of impaired visual processing. Alternatively, some have interpreted this deficit as resulting from a visual-to-phonology code mapping impairment. This study aims to disambiguate between the two interpretations by investigating performance in a non-verbal character string visual categorization task with verbal and non-verbal stimuli. Results show that VA span ability predicts performance for the non-verbal visual processing task in normal reading children. Furthermore, VA span impaired dyslexic children are also impaired for the categorization task independently of stimuli type. This supports the hypothesis that the underlying impairment responsible for the VA span deficit is visual, not verbal.
Published: 2012
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9. Impaired letter-string processing in developmental dyslexia: what visual-to-phonology code mapping disorder?

Author: Valdois, Sylviane, Lassus-Sangosse, Delphine, Lobier, Muriel, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, MESH: Dyslexia, Adolescent, MESH: Phonetics, Statistics as Topic, MESH: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Reading, MESH: Color Perception, Dyslexia, Phonetics, MESH: Analysis of Variance, MESH: Child, Humans, Child, MESH: Statistics as Topic, MESH: Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH: Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reading, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Visual Perception, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female, Color Perception
Abstract: International audience; Poor parallel letter-string processing in developmental dyslexia was taken as evidence of poor visual attention (VA) span, that is, a limitation of visual attentional resources that affects multi-character processing. However, the use of letter stimuli in oral report tasks was challenged on its capacity to highlight a VA span disorder. In particular, report of poor letter/digit-string processing but preserved symbol-string processing was viewed as evidence of poor visual-to-phonology code mapping, in line with the phonological theory of developmental dyslexia. We assessed here the visual-to-phonological-code mapping disorder hypothesis. In Experiment 1, letter-string, digit-string and colour-string processing was assessed to disentangle a phonological versus visual familiarity account of the letter/digit versus symbol dissociation. Against a visual-to-phonological-code mapping disorder but in support of a familiarity account, results showed poor letter/digit-string processing but preserved colour-string processing in dyslexic children. In Experiment 2, two tasks of letter-string report were used, one of which was performed simultaneously to a high-taxing phonological task. Results show that dyslexic children are similarly impaired in letter-string report whether a concurrent phonological task is simultaneously performed or not. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence against a phonological account of poor letter-string processing in developmental dyslexia.
Published: 2012
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10. Genetic Variants of FOXP2 and KIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2 Locus Are Associated with Altered Brain Activation in Distinct Language-Related Regions

Author: Thomas Bourgeron, Philippe Pinel, Mark Lathrop, Antonio Moreno, Le Bihan D, Fabien Fauchereau, Diana Zelenika, Stanislas Dehaene, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Alexis Barbot, Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition (CNRS - UMR3571 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), This work was supported by the Pasteur Institute, the Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, University Denis Diderot Paris 7, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Collège de France, and Fondation FondaMentale. A.B. was funded by IMAGEN project FP6 and J.-B.P. was partly funded by IMAGEN project FP6. IMAGEN receives research funding from the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme (LSHM-CT-2007-037286), We thank the LBIOM team (L. Hertz-Pannier, V. Joly, S. Roger, K. Ripert, S. Desmidt, and G. Mediouni-Cloarec) and other NeuroSpin investigators for contributing to the fMRI/genetic database by sharing fMRI scanning time and participants with us. We also thank Christophe Lalanne for his advice in statistical analysis., Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Collège de France (CDF), Collège de France (CdF), Neuroimagerie cognitive (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition, and University of Tsukuba
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Frontal Lobe, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dyslexia, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins, MESH: Genetic Association Studies, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, FOXP2 Gene, General Neuroscience, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Nuclear Proteins, Forkhead Transcription Factors, FOXP2, Articles, Superior temporal sulcus, MESH: Transcription Factors, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Temporal Lobe, Frontal Lobe, DNA-Binding Proteins, MESH: Young Adult, Female, MESH: Thiolester Hydrolases, MESH: Oxygen, Adult, MESH: Dyslexia, Reading disability, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, MESH: Reading, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, DCDC2, MESH: Forkhead Transcription Factors, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, MESH: Functional Laterality, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Oxygen, Reading, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Thiolester Hydrolases, MESH: Female, MESH: Nuclear Proteins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Recent advances have been made in the genetics of two human communication skills: speaking and reading. Mutations of theFOXP2gene cause a severe form of language impairment and orofacial dyspraxia, while single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within aKIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2gene cluster and affecting theKIAA0319gene expression are associated with reading disability. Neuroimaging studies of clinical populations point to partially distinct cerebral bases for language and reading impairments. However, alteration ofFOXP2andKIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2polymorphisms on typically developed language networks has never been explored. Here, we genotyped and scanned 94 healthy subjects using fMRI during a reading task. We studied the correlation of genetic polymorphisms with interindividual variability in brain activation and functional asymmetry in frontal and temporal cortices. InFOXP2, SNPs rs6980093 and rs7799109 were associated with variations of activation in the left frontal cortex. In theKIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2locus, rs17243157 was associated with asymmetry in functional activation of the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Interestingly, healthy subjects bearing theKIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2variants previously identified as enhancing the risk of dyslexia showed a reduced left-hemispheric asymmetry of the STS. Our results confirm that bothFOXP2andKIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2genes play an important role in human language development, but probably through different cerebral pathways. The observed cortical effects mirror previous fMRI results in developmental language and reading disorders, and suggest that a continuum may exist between these pathologies and normal interindividual variability.
Published: 2012
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11. Sleep contributes to the strengthening of some memories over others, depending on hippocampal activity at learning. : Sleep, the hippocampus and memory consolidation

Author: Christine Bastin, Brigitte Landeau, Pierre Maquet, André Luxen, Fabienne Collette, Dorothée Feyers, Géraldine Rauchs, Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Centre, This research was supported by the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the Fondation Médicale Reine Elisabeth (FMRE), the Research Fund of the University of Liège and 'Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian State - Belgian Science Policy'., Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), and Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Male, MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Hippocampus, hippocampus, MESH : Aged, MESH : Recognition (Psychology), MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Cognition, MESH : Hippocampus, Brain mapping, Memorization, MESH: Semantics, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Semantics, MESH: Memory, fMRI, MESH: Sleep Deprivation, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), memory consolidation, MESH: Photic Stimulation, MESH: Young Adult, MESH : Cognition, MESH : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Oxygen, MESH: Sleep, MESH : Sleep, MESH : Young Adult, MESH: Reading, Statistics, Nonparametric, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Encoding (memory), Reaction Time, Humans, MESH: Humans, MESH : Cues, MESH : Mental Recall, MESH : Humans, Recognition, Psychology, MESH: Adult, sleep deprivation, Oxygen, MESH : Reaction Time, Mental Recall, MESH : Intelligence Tests, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Cues, MESH : Oxygen, MESH : Brain Mapping, MESH : Alzheimer Disease, MESH : Photic Stimulation, Hippocampus, MESH : Analysis of Variance, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH : Female, MESH : Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, General Neuroscience, MESH : Memory, 05 social sciences, Motivated forgetting, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH : Adult, Verbal Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH : Neuropsychological Tests, MESH : Verbal Learning, Female, Memory consolidation, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Sleep (system call), MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Adult, MESH : Male, 050105 experimental psychology, directed forgetting, Young Adult, MESH: Analysis of Variance, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, sleep, MESH : Statistics, Nonparametric, Analysis of Variance, MESH : Sleep Deprivation, MESH : Reading, MESH: Verbal Learning, MESH : Decision Making, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, Sleep deprivation, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]
Abstract: International audience; Memory consolidation benefits from sleep. In addition to strengthening some memory traces, another crucial, albeit overlooked, function of memory is to erase irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is an experimental approach consisting in presenting "to be remembered" and "to be forgotten" information that allows selectively decreasing or increasing the strength of individual memory traces according to the instruction provided at learning. This paradigm was used in combination with functional MRI to determine, in humans, what specifically triggers at encoding sleep-dependent compared with time-dependent consolidation. Our data indicate that relevant items that subjects strived to memorize are consolidated during sleep to a greater extent than items that participants did not intend to learn. This process appears to depend on a differential activation of the hippocampus at encoding, which acts as a signal for the offline reprocessing of relevant memories during postlearning sleep episodes.
Published: 2011
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12. Sleep contributes to the strengthening of some memories over others, depending on hippocampal activity at learning

Author: Rauchs, Géraldine, Feyers, Dorothée, Landeau, Brigitte, Bastin, Christine, Luxen, André, Maquet, Pierre, Collette, Fabienne, Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Centre, This research was supported by the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the Fondation Médicale Reine Elisabeth (FMRE), the Research Fund of the University of Liège and 'Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian State - Belgian Science Policy'., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Hippocampus, MESH : Oxygen, hippocampus, MESH : Brain Mapping, MESH : Aged, MESH : Recognition (Psychology), MESH: Mental Recall, MESH : Alzheimer Disease, MESH : Photic Stimulation, MESH: Cognition, MESH : Analysis of Variance, MESH : Hippocampus, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH : Female, MESH: Memory, MESH : Semantics, MESH : Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Aged, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, fMRI, MESH : Memory, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Sleep Deprivation, MESH : Adult, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), MESH : Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Photic Stimulation, memory consolidation, MESH: Young Adult, MESH : Cognition, MESH : Verbal Learning, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Oxygen, MESH : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Sleep, MESH : Sleep, MESH : Male, MESH : Young Adult, MESH: Reading, directed forgetting, MESH: Analysis of Variance, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, sleep, MESH : Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Humans, MESH : Cues, MESH : Sleep Deprivation, MESH : Mental Recall, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH : Reading, MESH: Verbal Learning, sleep deprivation, MESH: Male, MESH : Decision Making, MESH: Reaction Time, MESH : Reaction Time, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH : Intelligence Tests, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Cues
Abstract: International audience; Memory consolidation benefits from sleep. In addition to strengthening some memory traces, another crucial, albeit overlooked, function of memory is to erase irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is an experimental approach consisting in presenting "to be remembered" and "to be forgotten" information that allows selectively decreasing or increasing the strength of individual memory traces according to the instruction provided at learning. This paradigm was used in combination with functional MRI to determine, in humans, what specifically triggers at encoding sleep-dependent compared with time-dependent consolidation. Our data indicate that relevant items that subjects strived to memorize are consolidated during sleep to a greater extent than items that participants did not intend to learn. This process appears to depend on a differential activation of the hippocampus at encoding, which acts as a signal for the offline reprocessing of relevant memories during postlearning sleep episodes.
Published: 2011
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13. Sleep contributes to the strengthening of some memories over others, depending on hippocampal activity at learning

Author: Rauchs, Géraldine, Feyers, Dorothée, Landeau, Brigitte, Bastin, Christine, Luxen, André, Maquet, Pierre, Collette, Fabienne, Eustache, Francis, Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Centre, and This research was supported by the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the Fondation Médicale Reine Elisabeth (FMRE), the Research Fund of the University of Liège and 'Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme - Belgian State - Belgian Science Policy'.
Subjects: MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Hippocampus, MESH: Sleep, hippocampus, MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Cognition, MESH: Reading, directed forgetting, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Analysis of Variance, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Memory, sleep, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Aged, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Humans, fMRI, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Adult, MESH: Sleep Deprivation, MESH: Verbal Learning, sleep deprivation, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, memory consolidation, MESH: Photic Stimulation, MESH: Young Adult, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Oxygen, MESH: Cues
Abstract: International audience; Memory consolidation benefits from sleep. In addition to strengthening some memory traces, another crucial, albeit overlooked, function of memory is to erase irrelevant information. Directed forgetting is an experimental approach consisting in presenting "to be remembered" and "to be forgotten" information that allows selectively decreasing or increasing the strength of individual memory traces according to the instruction provided at learning. This paradigm was used in combination with functional MRI to determine, in humans, what specifically triggers at encoding sleep-dependent compared with time-dependent consolidation. Our data indicate that relevant items that subjects strived to memorize are consolidated during sleep to a greater extent than items that participants did not intend to learn. This process appears to depend on a differential activation of the hippocampus at encoding, which acts as a signal for the offline reprocessing of relevant memories during postlearning sleep episodes.
Published: 2011
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14. When the zebra loses its stripes: Semantic priming in early Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia

Author: Béatrice Desgranges, Francis Eustache, Bénédicte Giffard, Vincent de la Sayette, Mickaël Laisney, Serge Belliard, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Neurologie [Rennes] = Neurology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers, Conseil Régional de Basse-Normandie, the Vicq d‟Azyr Association, Eisai, Lundbeck, Novartis and Pfizer, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Semantics, Developmental psychology, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Semantic memory, MESH: Memory, Intelligence Tests, MESH: Aged, Intelligence quotient, 05 social sciences, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Semantics, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Categorization, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Cues, Alzheimer's disease, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Decision Making, Semantic dementia, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, Memory, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Dementia, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Aged, MESH: Humans, Extinction (psychology), medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, Reading, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Cues
Abstract: International audience; Patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) or semantic dementia (SD) both exhibit deficits on explicit tasks of semantic memory. Semantic priming (SP) paradigms provide a very pure and precise implicit measurement of semantic memory impairment, and a previous study of AD (Giffard et al., 2002) using one such paradigm revealed that AD patients in the initial stages of semantic deterioration presented an abnormally large priming effect (hyperpriming) in a category-coordinate condition, compared with controls. This astonishing phenomenon could stem from the specific loss of distinctive attributes that make it possible to distinguish between semantically close concepts, while attributes shared by different concepts belonging to a given category remain intact. To test this hypothesis and compare the degradation of semantic memory in AD and SD, we devised an SP paradigm in which word pairs had either a category-coordinate or an attribute relationship. In accordance with our hypothesis, we distinguished between shared (duck-feathers) versus distinctive attributes (zebra-stripes) and close (tiger-lion) versus distant (elephant-crocodile) category-coordinate relationships. This paradigm, together with two explicit semantic memory tasks (picture-naming and categorization), was administered to 16 AD and 8 SD patients and 30 elderly control subjects. The AD patients, at the very beginning of semantic deterioration, only displayed impaired SP effects in the distinctive attribute condition, whereas in the SD patients, who had more severe semantic deterioration, we observed an extinction of SP effects in both attribute conditions. In SD patients, we also report hyperpriming effects in both category-coordinate conditions. Our results suggest that semantic memory impairment follows the same course in both AD and SD, affecting distinctive attributes first and then shared ones. In accordance with distributed models of semantic memory, the loss of distinctive attributes leads to a confusion between close concepts and it is this which causes the transient hyperpriming phenomenon.
Published: 2011
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15. When the zebra loses its stripes: Semantic priming in early Alzheimer's disease and semantic dementia

Author: Laisney, Mickaël, Giffard, Bénédicte, Belliard, Serge, de La Sayette, Vincent, Desgranges, Béatrice, Eustache, Francis, Eustache, Francis, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurologie [Rennes] = Neurology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Conseil Régional de Basse-Normandie, the Vicq d‟Azyr Association, Eisai, Lundbeck, Novartis and Pfizer
Subjects: MESH: Aged, MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Cognition, MESH: Reading, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, MESH: Photic Stimulation, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Memory, MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Cues
Abstract: International audience; Patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) or semantic dementia (SD) both exhibit deficits on explicit tasks of semantic memory. Semantic priming (SP) paradigms provide a very pure and precise implicit measurement of semantic memory impairment, and a previous study of AD (Giffard et al., 2002) using one such paradigm revealed that AD patients in the initial stages of semantic deterioration presented an abnormally large priming effect (hyperpriming) in a category-coordinate condition, compared with controls. This astonishing phenomenon could stem from the specific loss of distinctive attributes that make it possible to distinguish between semantically close concepts, while attributes shared by different concepts belonging to a given category remain intact. To test this hypothesis and compare the degradation of semantic memory in AD and SD, we devised an SP paradigm in which word pairs had either a category-coordinate or an attribute relationship. In accordance with our hypothesis, we distinguished between shared (duck-feathers) versus distinctive attributes (zebra-stripes) and close (tiger-lion) versus distant (elephant-crocodile) category-coordinate relationships. This paradigm, together with two explicit semantic memory tasks (picture-naming and categorization), was administered to 16 AD and 8 SD patients and 30 elderly control subjects. The AD patients, at the very beginning of semantic deterioration, only displayed impaired SP effects in the distinctive attribute condition, whereas in the SD patients, who had more severe semantic deterioration, we observed an extinction of SP effects in both attribute conditions. In SD patients, we also report hyperpriming effects in both category-coordinate conditions. Our results suggest that semantic memory impairment follows the same course in both AD and SD, affecting distinctive attributes first and then shared ones. In accordance with distributed models of semantic memory, the loss of distinctive attributes leads to a confusion between close concepts and it is this which causes the transient hyperpriming phenomenon.
Published: 2011
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16. [The default mode network: cognitive role and pathological disturbances]

Author: K, Mevel, B, Grassiot, G, Chételat, G, Defer, B, Desgranges, F, Eustache, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Eustache, Francis, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: MESH: Decision Making, Theory of Mind, Neuroimaging, MESH: Cognition, MESH: Reading, multiple sclerosis, MESH: Nervous System Diseases, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Brain, Cognition, Alzheimer Disease, Memory, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Memory, resting state, MESH: Aged, MESH: Theory of Mind, MESH: Humans, Brain, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Multiple Sclerosis, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, MESH: Photic Stimulation, MESH: Nerve Net, connectivity, Alzheimer, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Nerve Net, Nervous System Diseases, deactivation, MESH: Intelligence Tests, MESH: Female, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, MESH: Cues
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION: A "resting state" or "default mode network" has been highlighted in functional neuroimaging studies as a set of brain regions showing synchronized activity at rest or in task-independent cognitive state. STATE OF THE ART: A considerable and increasing number of studies have been conducted over the last few years so as to unravel the cognitive function(s) of this brain network. PERSPECTIVES: This review gives an overview of anatomical, physiological and phenomenological data regarding the default mode network. Different hypotheses have been proposed regarding the role of this network. Several studies have highlighted its involvement in autobiographical memory, prospection, self, attention, and theory of mind. The influence of the attention level and consciousness onto resting state brain network activity has also been discussed. Specific changes have been described in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). CONCLUSIONS: These studies altogether contribute to a better definition of the default mode network, in terms of implicated brain structures, subtending mechanisms, and potential cognitive roles. For instance, similarities and relationships were found between self-related brain activity and resting-state activity in regions belonging to this network, namely posterior cingulate and prefrontal areas that may reflect introspective activity experienced, more or less consciously, when the brain is not specifically engaged in a cognitive task. As a whole, the default mode network appears as a non human-specific intrinsic functional network, active all over the life from birth until aging where it is progressively modified, and sensitive to different pathologies including AD and MS. On the other hand, many points remain to be clarified concerning this network, such as the exact part of its activity dedicated to self-related cognitive processes (introspection, imaginary mental scenario based on past autobiographical experiences) and that involved in a sentinel-like attentional process designated to react to possible environmental events. Indeed, it seems that this network is functional even in case of low level of consciousness, i.e., during light sleep. Conversely, a loss of self and environment perception as in coma, deep sleep or anesthesia might modulate its connectivity along the anteroposterior axis, i.e., frontal activity disappearance associated with a parietal reinforcement of connectivity. Since studies aiming at highlighting these points are still uncommon to date, exhaustive and objective explorations are needed to better understand all these resting state processes.
Published: 2010
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17. Age differences in outdated information processing during news reports reading

Author: Florence Besse, Pascale Maury, Sophie Martin, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer (IBDC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes (UR LISC), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
Subjects: Male, Aging, Inference, MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Comprehension, MESH: Semantics, Developmental psychology, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Mental Processes, Reading (process), Task Performance and Analysis, Attention, Young adult, MESH: Cohort Studies, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, General Psychology, MESH: Mental Processes, media_common, MESH: Aged, 05 social sciences, MESH: Research Design, Information processing, Age Factors, Cognition, Causality, Semantics, MESH: Young Adult, Research Design, Female, Psychology, Comprehension, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Aged, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Attention, MESH: Humans, Age differences, MESH: Task Performance and Analysis, MESH: Male, MESH: Medical Informatics, Reading, Mental Recall, Geriatrics and Gerontology, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Medical Informatics
Abstract: International audience; In two experiments, the authors explored whether there are any age differences associated with the ability to process outdated information during news reports comprehension. Younger and older participants (mean age: 70 years old) read passages in which a cause was first said to be responsible for the occurrence of a news event. New elements emerged from the investigation in progress and revealed that the original cause was incorrect. Inference response times indicated that older adults more than younger ones took advantage of an alternative cause mentioned in the text to put the outdated information in the background, whereas younger readers probably kept both causes activated. The research tested the concepts involved with age differences in updating situation model.
Published: 2010
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18. FMRI language mapping in children: a panel of language tasks using visual and auditory stimulation without reading or metalinguistic requirements

Author: Jean-Christophe Ferré, Pierre Jannin, Camille Maumet, Arnaud Biraben, Clément de Guibert, Elisabeth Le Rumeur, Catherine Allaire, Christian Barillot, Laboratoire d'anthropologie et de sociologie. UHB (LAS), MEN : EA2241-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Vision, Action et Gestion d'informations en Santé (VisAGeS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAUX ET IMAGES NUMÉRIQUES, ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre référent pour les troubles du langage et des apprentissages, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Service de radiologie et imagerie médicale [Rennes] = Radiology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Grosset, Aline
Subjects: Male, Computer science, computer.software_genre, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), MESH: Child, Child, MESH: Brain Mapping, media_common, Language, Brain Mapping, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Conjunction (grammar), MESH: Photic Stimulation, Neurology, MESH: Language, Laterality, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Female, Natural language processing, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Acoustic Stimulation, Context (language use), MESH: Reading, behavioral disciplines and activities, Sensitivity and Specificity, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Auditory stimulation, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Male, Task (computing), Acoustic Stimulation, Reading, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, MESH: Female, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Photic Stimulation
Abstract: International audience; In the context of presurgical mapping or investigation of neurological and developmental disorders in children, language fMRI raises the issue of the design of a tasks panel achievable by young disordered children. Most language tasks shown to be efficient with healthy children require metalinguistic or reading abilities, therefore adding attentional, cognitive and academic constraints that may be problematic in this context. This study experimented a panel of four language tasks that did not require high attentional skills, reading, or metalinguistic abilities. Two reference tasks involving auditory stimulation (words generation from category, "category"; auditory responsive naming, "definition") were compared with two new tasks involving visual stimulation. These later were designed to tap spontaneous phonological production, in which the names of pictures to be named involve a phonological difference (e.g. in French poule/boule/moule; "phon-diff") or change of segmentation (e.g. in French car/car-te/car-t-on; "phon-seg"). Eighteen healthy children participated (mean age: 12.7+/-3 years). Data processing involved normalizing the data via a matched pairs pediatric template, and inter-task and region of interest analyses with laterality assessment. The reference tasks predominantly activated the left frontal and temporal core language regions, respectively. The new tasks activated these two regions simultaneously, more strongly for the phon-seg task. The union and intersection of all tasks provided more sensitive or specific maps. The study demonstrates that both reference and new tasks highlight core language regions in children, and that the latter are useful for the mapping of spontaneous phonological processing. The use of several different tasks may improve the sensitivity and specificity of fMRI.
Published: 2009
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19. Reading sadness beyond human faces

Author: Stéphanie Dubal, Jacqueline Nadel, Mariam Chammat, Aurélie Foucher, Vulnérabilité Adaptation et Psychopathologie (VAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Emotion, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Visual, MESH: Facial Expression, Emotions, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), MESH: Brain Mapping, media_common, Brain Mapping, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Sadness, Facial Expression, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH: Young Adult, Facilitation, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Psychology, MESH: Face, Cognitive psychology, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH: Reading, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Perception, MESH: Electroencephalography, Reaction Time, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Molecular Biology, MESH: Emotions, MESH: Adolescent, Communication, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Inversion (music), MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, body regions, Electrophysiology, Reading, Face, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Photic Stimulation, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Human faces are the main emotion displayers. Knowing that emotional compared to neutral stimuli elicit enlarged ERPs components at the perceptual level, one may wonder whether this has led to an emotional facilitation bias toward human faces. To contribute to this question, we measured the P1 and N170 components of the ERPs elicited by human facial compared to artificial stimuli, namely non-humanoid robots. Fifteen healthy young adults were shown sad and neutral, upright and inverted expressions of human versus robotic displays. An increase in P1 amplitude in response to sad displays compared to neutral ones evidenced an early perceptual amplification for sadness information. P1 and N170 latencies were delayed in response to robotic stimuli compared to human ones, while N170 amplitude was not affected by media. Inverted human stimuli elicited a longer latency of P1 and a larger N170 amplitude while inverted robotic stimuli did not. As a whole, our results show that emotion facilitation is not biased to human faces but rather extend to non-human displays, thus suggesting our capacity to read emotion beyond faces.
Published: 2009
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20. Hemispheric specialization for language according to grapho-phonemic transformation and gender. A divided visual field experiment

Author: Marcela Perrone, Monica Baciu, Emilie Cousin, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Subjects: Male, MESH: Cerebrum, Audiology, Functional Laterality, Developmental psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Language, media_common, 05 social sciences, Phonology, Cognition, Degree (music), Visual field, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, Specialization (logic), [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Phonetics, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, MESH: Reading, Affect (psychology), 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, MESH: Sex Factors, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Phonetics, MESH: Analysis of Variance, Perception, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Functional Laterality, Cerebrum, Analysis of Variance, MESH: Humans, MESH: Task Performance and Analysis, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, Transformation (function), Reading, Visual Fields, MESH: Visual Fields, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; This behavioral study aimed at assessing the effect of two variables on the degree of hemispheric specialization for language. One of them was the grapho-phonemic translation (transformation) (letter-sound mapping) and the other was the participants'gender. The experiment was conducted with healthy volunteers. A divided visual field procedure has been used to perform a phoneme detection task implying either regular (transparent) grapho-phonemic translation (letter-sound mapping consistency) or irregular (non-transparent) grapho-phonemic translation (letter-sound mapping inconsistency). Our results reveal a significant effect of grapho-phonemic translation on the degree of hemispheric dominance for language. The phoneme detection on items with transparent translation (TT) was performed faster than phoneme detection on items with non-transparent translation (NTT). This effect seems to be due to faster identification of TT than NTT when the items were presented in the left visual field (LVF)-right hemisphere (RH). There was no difference between TT and NTT for stimuli presented in the right visual field (RVF)-left hemisphere (LH). This result suggests that grapho-phonemic translation or the degree of transparency can affect the degree of hemispheric specialization, by modulating the right hemisphere activity. With respect to gender, male participants were significantly more lateralized than female participants but no interaction was observed between gender and degree of transparency.
Published: 2009
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21. [An aphasic reader]

Author: Thery-Langlois, Christophe, Amossé, Christophe, Lefaucheur, Romain, Bioux, Sandrine, Gerardin, Emmanuel, Hannequin, Didier, Martinaud, Olivier, Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service d'imagerie médicale [CHU Rouen], Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen]-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Breton, Céline, Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN)
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex, Aphasia, Broca, Handwriting, MESH: Humans, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Angiography, MESH: Reading, Functional Laterality, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Stroke, Stroke, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Reading, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, Female, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Functional Laterality, MESH: Aphasia, Broca, MESH: Female, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, MESH: Handwriting
Abstract: International audience; Nonsemantic reading is the capacity to read without understanding by impairment of the lexical-semantic pathway. We report the case of a female steno secretary with nonsemantic reading capacity associated with severe aphasia caused by a left hemisphere ischemic stroke in Broca's area. Arguments in favor of a right hemisphere contribution to the reading ability are presented.
Published: 2009
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22. Task-specific change of unconscious neural priming in the cerebral language network

Author: Kimihiro Nakamura, Sid Kouider, Denis Le Bihan, Antoinette Jobert, Stanislas Dehaene, Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Economie (IDHE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Kyushu University, Kyoto University, and Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale
Subjects: Adult, Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Word processing, Repetition priming, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Premotor cortex, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cortex (anatomy), MESH: Unconscious (Psychology), medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Language, Cerebral Cortex, Multidisciplinary, Unconscious, Psychology, MESH: Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Subliminal stimuli, MESH: Adult, Biological Sciences, MESH: Speech Perception, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reading, MESH: Nerve Net, Cerebral cortex, MESH: Language, Speech Perception, Nerve Net, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, Priming (psychology), Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; We explored the impact of task context on subliminal neural priming using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The repetition of words during semantic categorization produced activation reduction in the left middle temporal gyrus previously associated with semantic-level representation and dorsal premotor cortex. By contrast, reading aloud produced repetition enhancement in the left inferior parietal lobe associated with print-to-sound conversion and ventral premotor cortex. Analyses of effective connectivity revealed that the task set for reading generated reciprocal excitatory connections between the left inferior parietal and superior temporal regions, reflecting the audiovisual integration required for vocalization, whereas categorization did not produce such backward projection to posterior regions. Thus, masked repetition priming involves two distinct components in the task-specific neural streams, one in the parietotemporal cortex for task-specific word processing and the other in the premotor cortex for behavioral response preparation. The top-down influence of task sets further changes the directions of the unconscious priming in the entire cerebral circuitry for reading.
Published: 2007
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23. The neural bases of attentive reading

Author: Nelly Mainy, Julien Jung, Philippe Kahane, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Olivier F. Bertrand, Dominique Hoffmann, Lorella Minotti, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique Cérébrale et Cognition, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Département de neurochirurgie, Neurosciences précliniques, Collaboration, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), Attention, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Research Articles, media_common, Brain Mapping, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Brain, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Neurology, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Intracerebral EEG, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Anatomy, Psychology, Adult, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Sensory system, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, Neural ensemble, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Attention, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Electrophysiology, Reading, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Recent studies have suggested that attention facilitates the formation of synchronous neural assemblies in the γ range (>40 Hz) to amplify behaviorally relevant signals. Whether this mechanism is general or confined to sensory cortices is still a matter of debate, since there is little evidence of a direct link between attention and increased γ synchronization in high‐level brain regions. We recorded the intracerebral EEG of 10 epileptic patients while manipulating their attention during reading, and compared the neural responses to attended and unattended words. Visual presentation of attended words induced γ band responses in the major brain regions associated with reading and those responses were attenuated for unattended words. The attenuation was not uniform within the reading network but followed a gradient from the posterior visual to the frontal areas. Altogether, these results support the view that the γ band response can be used as a quantitative marker of attention. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Published: 2007
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24. Cerebral bases of subliminal and supraliminal priming during reading

Author: Stanislas Dehaene, Denis Le Bihan, Antoinette Jobert, Sid Kouider, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Economie (IDHE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, and Kyoto University
Subjects: Adult, Male, Visual perception, Brain activity and meditation, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Cognitive Neuroscience, Perceptual Masking, MESH: Acoustic Stimulation, MESH: Reading, Insular cortex, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Analysis of Variance, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cerebral Cortex, Analysis of Variance, Neural correlates of consciousness, MESH: Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Subliminal stimuli, MESH: Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Acoustic Stimulation, Reading, Female, Cues, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, Priming (psychology), Neuroscience, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Cues, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Several studies have investigated the neural correlates of conscious perception by contrasting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation to conscious and nonconscious visual stimuli. The results often reveal an amplification of posterior occipito-temporal activation and its extension into a parieto-frontal network. However, some of these effects might be due to a greater deployment of attentional or strategical processes in the conscious condition. Here, we examined the brain activity evoked by visible and invisible stimuli, both of which were irrelevant to the task. We collected fMRI data in a masking paradigm in which subliminal versus supraliminal letter strings were presented as primes while subjects focused attention on another subsequent, highly visible target word. Under those conditions, prime visibility was associated with greater activity confined to bilateral posterior occipito-temporal cortices, without extension into frontal and parietal cortices. However, supraliminal primes, compared with subliminal primes, evoked more extensive repetition suppression in a widely distributed set of parieto-frontal areas. Furthermore, only supraliminal primes caused phonological repetition enhancement in left inferior frontal and anterior insular cortex. Those results suggest a 2-stage view of conscious access: Relative to masked stimuli, unmasked stimuli elicit increased occipito-temporal activity, thus allowing them to compete for global conscious access and to induce priming in multiple distant areas. In the absence of attention, however, their access to a second stage of distributed parieto-frontal processing may remain blocked.
Published: 2007
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25. Silence is golden: transient neural deactivation in the prefrontal cortex during attentive reading

Author: Julien Jung, Philippe Kahane, Jean-Claude Dreher, Monica Baciu, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Dominique Hoffmann, Nelly Mainy, Olivier F. Bertrand, Lorella Minotti, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus mentaux et activation cérébrale, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-IFR19-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique Cérébrale et Cognition, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Département de neurochirurgie, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Adult, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Visual, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neural Inhibition, Prefrontal Cortex, MESH: Cognition, Stimulus (physiology), Electroencephalography, MESH: Reading, Brain mapping, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Neuroplasticity, medicine, MESH: Cortical Synchronization, Humans, Attention, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Cortical Synchronization, Prefrontal cortex, MESH: Brain Mapping, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, MESH: Attention, MESH: Humans, Epilepsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, MESH: Adult, MESH: Neural Inhibition, Electrophysiology, Reading, MESH: Epilepsy, Evoked Potentials, Visual, MESH: Prefrontal Cortex, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; It is becoming increasingly clear that attention-demanding tasks engage not only activation of specific cortical regions but also deactivation of other regions that could interfere with the task at hand. At the same time, electrophysiological studies in animals and humans have found that the participation of cortical regions to cognitive processes translates into local synchronization of rhythmic neural activity at frequencies above 40 Hz (so-called gamma-band synchronization). Such synchronization is seen as a potential facilitator of neural communication and synaptic plasticity. We found evidence that cognitive processes can also involve the disruption of gamma-band activity in high-order brain regions. Intracerebral electroencephalograms were recorded in 3 epileptic patients during 2 reading tasks. Visual presentation of words induced a strong deactivation in a broad (20-150 Hz) frequency range in the left ventral lateral prefrontal cortex, in parallel with gamma-band activations within the reading network, including Broca's area. The observed energy decrease in neural signals was reproducible across patients. It peaked around 500 ms after stimulus onset and appeared subject to attention-modulated amplification. Our results suggest that cognition might be mediated by a coordinated interaction between regional gamma-band synchronizations and desynchronizations, possibly reflecting enhanced versus reduced local neural communication.
Published: 2007
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26. Improvement of the comprehension of written information given to healthy volunteers in biomedical research: a single-blind randomized controlled study

Author: Adeline Paris, Jean-Luc Cracowski, Christophe Ribuot, Catherine Cornu, Muriel Salvat-Melis, Jean-Luc Bosson, Christian Brandt, Daniel Nogueira da Gama Chaves, Marc Hommel, Patrick Maison, Xénobiotiques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CIC - Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire HP2 (ESPRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2), ThEMAS, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CIC - Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité neurovasculaire - Service de neurologie, CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie (LABORATOIRE DE PHARMACOLOGIE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-CIC - Grenoble
Subjects: Male, MESH: Human Experimentation, MESH: Consent Forms, MESH: Comprehension, law.invention, Consent Forms, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Informed consent, Pharmacology (medical), Single-Blind Method, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic, Communication, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Healthy Volunteers, humanities, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Research Subjects, Female, MESH: Communication, Comprehension, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, Research Subjects, Population, Phase I as Topic, MESH: Reading, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, MESH: Sex Factors, MESH: Analysis of Variance, medicine, Humans, Clinical Trials, education, Association (psychology), Pharmacology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Analysis of Variance, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, MESH: Single-Blind Method, Readability, MESH: Male, Clinical trial, Human Experimentation, MESH: Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic, Reading, Physical therapy, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Writing an informed consent form (ICF) for biomedical research is a difficult task. We conducted a multicenter single-blind randomized controlled trial to identify whether a working group or the systematic improvement in lexico-syntactic readability or an association of the two could increase the comprehension of the written information given to healthy volunteers enrolled in biomedical research. Participants were randomized to read one of four versions of the ICF: unchanged ICF (A), ICF with systematic lexico-syntactic readability improvement (B), ICF modified by a working group (C), and ICF modified by the working group followed by systematic lexico-syntactic improvement (D). The primary end-point was the objective comprehension score at day 0 for each study group. The scores of objective comprehension at day 0 were statistically different between the four study groups (anovaP = 0.020). The pairwise analysis showed an improvement in the working group vs. the unchanged group (P = 0.003), and a tendency to improvement in the group who read the ICF modified using lexico-syntactic readability and in the group who read the ICF modified using the two methods (P = 0.020 and 0.027 respectively). We conducted a two-way anova to identify some characteristics of the population which could explain this score. There was a significant interaction between the type of informed consent document (ICD) and the gender. Improving the ICD in phase I biomedical research leads to better comprehension, whether the method used is systematic lexico-syntactic improvement or a review by a working group. The improvement is specifically observed in men compared with women. Conversely, while both methods diverge in their effect on lexico-syntactic readability, their association is not mandatory. We suggest that in all phase I clinical trials, the ICF be improved by either method.
Published: 2007
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27. When Broca experiences the Janus syndrome: an ER-fMRI study comparing sentence comprehension and cognitive sequence processing

Author: Mathilde Pachot-Clouard, Peter Ford Dominey, Christoph Segebarth, Michel Hoen, Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Dynamique Du Langage (DDL), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Metabolique, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Collaboration, Dojat, Michel, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Cognition, MESH: Frontal Lobe, MESH: Comprehension, Sentence processing, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Psycholinguistics, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Female, Psychology, Comprehension, Sentence, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Elementary cognitive task, Cognitive Neuroscience, Models, Neurological, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Psycholinguistics, 03 medical and health sciences, Functional neuroimaging, MESH: Models, Neurological, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Broca's area, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Reading, MESH: Nerve Net, Nerve Net, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract: International audience; The determining of brain regions that exhibit specific activity during sentence comprehension compared to other non-linguistic cognitive tasks constitutes one of the important challenges in the domain of functional neuroimaging of the faculty of language. In the current paper we report an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI) experiment, in which we directly compared the cerebral basis of sentence comprehension on the one hand, and of abstract sequence processing on the other hand. Previous experimental work done in our group, as well as different observations from recent behavioural, neurophysiological and functional neuroimaging experiments led us to propose the hypothesis that both of these tasks would share certain computational properties. Thus, this experiment was designed to show which brain regions would be implicated in both tasks and compare them to brain regions that would be specifically engaged in sentence comprehension. Results from this experiment suggest that distinct sub-regions in the left prefrontal cortex, potentially including Broca's area show distinct activation patterns during both of these tasks. Results are discussed in the context of a construction-based model of sentence processing (see Dominey and Hoen, 2006, this issue) that is based on a dual-path processing mechanism separating function and content information processing. We propose and discuss the hypothesis that subparts of Broca's area BA 44 and BA 45 would respectively be implicated in two different aspects of sentence comprehension: i) a general structure mapping capability and ii) the online integration of semantic representations onto structural constraints.
Published: 2006
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28. Syntax production in bilinguals

Author: Christophe Pallier, Narly Golestani, Stanislas Dehaene, Sébastien Mériaux, Denis Le Bihan, F-Xavier Alario, Laboratoire de psychologie cognitive (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Kyoto University, and Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale
Subjects: Male, Speech production, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Multilingualism, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Psycholinguistics, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, Supplementary motor area, 05 social sciences, Motor Cortex, Language acquisition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Linguistics, Frontal Lobe, Semantics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Psychology, Sentence, MESH: Oxygen, Adult, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Multilingualism, Posterior parietal cortex, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, MESH: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, MESH: Reading, MESH: Motor Cortex, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Psycholinguistics, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Verbal Behavior, MESH: Humans, Language production, Verbal Behavior, MESH: Adult, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, Syntax, MESH: Male, Oxygen, Reading, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; We used fMRI to examine the functional correlates of syntactical processing in the first (L1) and second (L2) languages of non-proficient, late bilinguals. Subjects either covertly read words or produced sentences from them. Syntactical production during sentence production activated regions including left inferior frontal (LIFG) gyrus and the supplementary motor area in both languages. Analyses performed on the LIFG activation identified on a subject-by-subject basis revealed greater activation in L2 compared to L1 during sentence production and during word reading, consistent with previous work suggesting that greater cognitive effort may be subserved by less well-tuned neural representations that require greater neuronal activity. Remarkably, there was a greater separation in the LIFG activations in L1 versus L2 in less compared to more proficient bilinguals during syntax production, suggesting a functional reorganisation of regions involved in syntactical production as a function of syntactical proficiency.
Published: 2006
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29. Subliminal convergence of Kanji and Kana words: further evidence for functional parcellation of the posterior temporal cortex in visual word perception

Author: Denis Le Bihan, Kimihiro Nakamura, Sid Kouider, Stanislas Dehaene, Antoinette Jobert, Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Economie (IDHE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Kyushu University, Kyoto University, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Adult, Kanji, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Cognitive Neuroscience, education, Subliminal Stimulation, MESH: Reading, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Visual Word, Visual word form area, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, Temporal cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Verbal Behavior, MESH: Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, Verbal Behavior, 05 social sciences, Subliminal stimuli, MESH: Subliminal Stimulation, MESH: Reference Values, MESH: Adult, Kana, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, MESH: Reaction Time, Reading, MESH: Language, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Priming (psychology), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Recent evidence has suggested that the human occipito-temporal region comprises several subregions, each sensitive to a distinct processing level of visual words. To further explore the functional architecture of visual word recognition, we employed a subliminal priming method with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during semantic judgments of words presented in two different Japanese scripts, Kanji and Kana. Each target word was preceded by a subliminal presentation of either the same or a different word, and in the same or a different script. Behaviorally, word repetition produced significant priming regardless of whether the words were presented in the same or different script. At the neural level, this cross-script priming was associated with repetition suppression in the left inferior temporal cortex anterior and dorsal to the visual word form area hypothesized for alphabetical writing systems, suggesting that cross-script convergence occurred at a semantic level. fMRI also evidenced a shared visual occipito-temporal activation for words in the two scripts, with slightly more mesial and right-predominant activation for Kanji and with greater occipital activation for Kana. These results thus allow us to separate script-specific and script-independent regions in the posterior temporal lobe, while demonstrating that both can be activated subliminally.
Published: 2005
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30. Distinct unimodal and multimodal regions for word processing in the left temporal cortex

Author: Denis Le Bihan, Stanislas Dehaene, Antoinette Jobert, Laurent D. Cohen, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Economie (IDHE), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Kyoto University, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Mitral Valve Insufficiency, genetic structures, MESH: Echocardiography, Doppler, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Speech recognition, Word processing, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Balloon Dilatation, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Visual word form area, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Temporal cortex, Brain Mapping, 05 social sciences, Superior temporal sulcus, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Temporal Lobe, Semantics, Neurology, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Speech Perception, Female, Occipital Lobe, MESH: Image Enhancement, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, MESH: Oxygen, MESH: Occipital Lobe, Adult, MESH: Heart Valve Prosthesis, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Phonetics, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH: Rheumatic Heart Disease, MESH: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, Stimulus modality, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Phonetics, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Speech Perception, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, Image Enhancement, MESH: Male, Oxygen, Reading, MESH: Nerve Net, Word recognition, Nerve Net, Occipital lobe, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; How are word recognition circuits organized in the left temporal lobe? We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to dissect cortical word-processing circuits using three diagnostic criteria: the capacity of an area (1) to respond to words in a single modality (visual or auditory) or in both modalities, (2) to modulate its response in a top-down manner as a function of the graphemic or phonemic emphasis of the task, and (3) to show repetition suppression in response to the conscious repetition of the target word within the same sensory modality or across different modalities. The results clarify the organization of visual and auditory word-processing streams. In particular, the visual word form area (VWFA) in the left occipitotemporal sulcus appears strictly as a visual unimodal area. It is, however, bordered by a second lateral inferotemporal area which is multimodal [lateral inferotemporal multimodal area (LIMA)]. Both areas might have been confounded in past work. Our results also suggest a possible homolog of the VWFA in the auditory stream, the auditory word form area, located in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus.
Published: 2004
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31. Cognitive consequences of early phase of literacy

Author: Gilberto Nunes Filho, Gérard Deloche, Georges Dellatolas, Elizabeth Queiroz, Lucia Willadino Braga, Ligia Souza, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sarah Network, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Male, MESH: Mental Recall, MESH: Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, Developmental psychology, Cognition, Discrimination, Psychological, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Memory span, Verbal fluency test, MESH: Discrimination (Psychology), MESH: Memory, Child, Language, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, 4. Education, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Middle Aged, Verbal Learning, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, MESH: Language, Speech Perception, Visual Perception, Educational Status, Female, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Adult, MESH: Space Perception, MESH: Reading, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Fluency, Visual memory, Memory, Phonological awareness, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Aged, MESH: Verbal Behavior, MESH: Humans, Recall, Verbal Behavior, MESH: Adult, MESH: Speech Perception, MESH: Verbal Learning, MESH: Male, Reading, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Space Perception, Mental Recall, MESH: V, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), Verbal memory, MESH: Educational Status, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The effect of the degree of illiteracy (complete or incomplete) on phonological skills, verbal and visual memory and visuospatial skills is examined in 97 normal Brazilian adults who considered themselves illiterate, and 41 Brazilian school children aged 7 to 8 years, either nonreaders or beginning readers. Similar literacy effects were observed in children and in adults. Tasks involving phonological awareness and visual recognition memory of nonsense figures distinguish the best nonreaders and beginning readers. Children performed better than adults at oral repetition of short items and figure recall, and adults better than children at semantic verbal fluency, digit span, and word list recall. A principal component analysis of the correlations between tasks showed that phonological awareness/ reading, phonological memory/oral repetition, and semantic verbal memory/fluency tasks, generated different components. The respective role of culturally based preschool activities and literacy on the cognitive functions that are explored in this study is discussed. (JINS, 2003, 9, 771–782.)
Published: 2003
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32. Visualizing the neural bases of a disconnection syndrome with diffusion tensor imaging

Author: Stéphane Lehéricy, Laurent D. Cohen, Nicolas Molko, J.-F. Mangin, Stanislas Dehaene, D. Le Bihan, F. Chochon, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière]
Subjects: Adult, Male, MESH: Dyslexia, Brain activity and meditation, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Cognitive Neuroscience, education, MESH: Reading, Corpus callosum, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dyslexia, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, medicine, Disconnection syndrome, Humans, Visual word form area, Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Brain Mapping, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, MESH: Verbal Behavior, MESH: Humans, Verbal Behavior, MESH: Neural Pathways, Brain, MESH: Adult, Human brain, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Male, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reading, MESH: Anisotropy, Anisotropy, Disconnection, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Disconnection syndromes are often conceptualized exclusively within cognitive box-and-arrow diagrams unrelated to brain anatomy. In a patient with alexia in his left visual field resulting from a posterior callosal lesion, we illustrate how diffusion tensor imaging can reveal the anatomical bases of a disconnection syndrome by tracking the degeneration of neural pathways and relating it to impaired fMRI activations and behavior. Compared to controls, an abnormal pattern of brain activity was observed in the patient during word reading, with a lack of activation of the left visual word form area (VWFA) by left-hemifield words. Statistical analyses of diffusion images revealed a damaged fiber tract linking the left ventral occipito-temporal region to its right homolog across the lesioned area of corpus callosum and stopping close to the areas found active in fMRI. The behavioral disconnection syndrome could, thus, be related functionally to abnormal fMRI activations and anatomically to the absence of a connection between those activations. The present approach, based on the “negative tracking” of degenerated bundles, provides new perspectives on the understanding of human brain connections and disconnections.
Published: 2002
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33. Outstanding questions about phonological processing in dyslexia

Author: Franck Ramus, Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, and University College of London [London] (UCL)
Subjects: MESH: Dyslexia, MESH: Phonetics, Writing, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Phonological deficit, MESH: Reading, Phonology, Biological theories of dyslexia, 050105 experimental psychology, Psycholinguistics, Education, Dyslexia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Phonetics, MESH: Child, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Alternation (linguistics), Child, MESH: Humans, MESH: Writing, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, General Medicine, MESH: Speech Perception, medicine.disease, Linguistics, Phonological rule, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reading, Developmental Psychology, Speech Perception, medicine.symptom, Dyslexia research, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: It is widely accepted that developmental dyslexia results from some sort of phonological deficit. Yet, it can be argued that phonological representations and their processing have been insufficiently tested in dyslexia research. Firstly, claims about how tasks tap into certain kinds of representations or processes are best appreciated in the light of an explicit information-processing model. Here, a cognitive model of lexical access is described, incorporating speech perception, reading and object recognition. The model emphasises that phonological forms of lexical items are distinct from non-lexical phonological representations Secondly, phonology, as a linguistic discipline, teaches us that there is much more to it than phonemic categorisation and awareness. The phonological level of representation also embodies phonotactic regularities, patterns of phoneme assimilation and alternation, as well as supra-segmental knowledge pertaining to syllable structure, stress, intonation and rhythm. All those aspects are in part language-dependent, and therefore must be learnt by children in order to become proficient native speakers and listeners. If all levels of phonological representations were affected in dyslexia, dyslexic children would presumably have difficulties acquiring these aspects of their language. This prediction is as yet untested. A possible research agenda is outlined, aiming to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the phonological theory of dyslexia.
Published: 2002
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34. The visual word form area: a prelexical representation of visual words in the fusiform gyrus

Author: Denis Le Bihan, Laurent D. Cohen, Gurvan Le Clec'H, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Stanislas Dehaene, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Kyoto University, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Adult, Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, media_common.quotation_subject, Object (grammar), MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Reaction Time, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Active listening, Visual word form area, Visual Word, media_common, Cerebral Cortex, Communication, Fusiform gyrus, MESH: Humans, business.industry, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition, MESH: Adult, Fusiform face area, MESH: Speech Perception, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, Reading, Speech Perception, Female, business, Psychology, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Event-related fMRI was used to test the hypothesis that the visual word form area in the left fusiform gyrus holds a modality-specific and prelexical representation of visual words. Subjects were engaged in a repetition-detection task on pairs of words or pronounceable pseudo-words that could be written or spoken. The visual word form area responded only to written stimuli, not to spoken stimuli, independently of their semantic content. We propose that the occasional activation of the fusiform gyrus when listening to spoken words is due to the topdown recruitment of visual orthographic or object representations.
Published: 2002

35. Dyslexia. Talk of two theories

Author: Ramus, Franck, Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, and University College of London [London] (UCL)
Subjects: MESH: Dyslexia, MESH: Auditory Perception, MESH: Cognition Disorders, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH: Neural Pathways, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, MESH: Reading, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Memory, Short-Term
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2001
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36. Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming

Author: Jean-Baptiste Poline, Denis Rivière, Denis Le Bihan, Laurent D. Cohen, Stanislas Dehaene, Jean-François Mangin, Lionel Naccache, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'exploration de la fonction respiratoire et de médecine du sport, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)
Subjects: Masking (art), Male, genetic structures, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Frontal Lobe, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), Parietal Lobe, Visual word form area, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, media_common, Brain Mapping, MESH: Parietal Lobe, Repetition (rhetorical device), medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Visual Perception, Female, Occipital Lobe, Psychology, Priming (psychology), Perceptual Masking, psychological phenomena and processes, MESH: Occipital Lobe, Adult, media_common.quotation_subject, Repetition priming, MESH: Reading, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Visual masking, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, Reading, MESH: Perceptual Masking, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Photic Stimulation
Abstract: International audience; We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) to visualize the cerebral processing of unseen masked words. Within the areas associated with conscious reading, masked words activated left extrastriate, fusiform and precentral areas. Furthermore, masked words reduced the amount of activation evoked by a subsequent conscious presentation of the same word. In the left fusiform gyrus, this repetition suppression phenomenon was independent of whether the prime and target shared the same case, indicating that case-independent information about letter strings was extracted unconsciously. In comparison to an unmasked situation, however, the activation evoked by masked words was drastically reduced and was undetectable in prefrontal and parietal areas, correlating with participants' inability to report the masked words.
Published: 2001
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37. Imaging unconscious semantic priming

Author: Denis Le Bihan, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Stanislas Dehaene, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Michael Mueller, Etienne Koechlin, Lionel Naccache, Gurvan Le Clec'H, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France (CDF), Collège de France (CdF), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Frankfurt, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (IIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-ENST-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, and University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System
Subjects: Adult, Male, Brain activity and meditation, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Cognition, Subliminal Stimulation, MESH: Reading, Bioinformatics, Semantics, 050105 experimental psychology, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Numeral system, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, MESH: Unconscious (Psychology), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Unconscious cognition, MESH: Functional Laterality, Levels-of-processing effect, Evoked Potentials, Multidisciplinary, Unconscious, Psychology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, 05 social sciences, Subliminal stimuli, MESH: Subliminal Stimulation, MESH: Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Male, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Reading, Visual Perception, Female, Psychology, Brain activity, Priming (psychology), MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Visual words that are masked and presented so briefly that they cannot be seen may nevertheless facilitate the subsequent processing of related words, a phenomenon called masked priming. It has been debated whether masked primes can activate cognitive processes without gaining access to consciousness. Here we use a combination of behavioural and brain-imaging techniques to estimate the depth of processing of masked numerical primes. Our results indicate that masked stimuli have a measurable influence on electrical and haemodynamic measures of brain activity. When subjects engage in an overt semantic comparison task with a clearly visible target numeral, measures of covert motor activity indicate that they also unconsciously apply the task instructions to an unseen masked numeral. A stream of perceptual, semantic and motor processes can therefore occur without awareness.
Published: 1998
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38. Understanding dissociations in dyscalculia: A brain imaging study of the impact of number size on the cerebral networks for exact and approximate calculation

Author: Stanescu-Cosson, R., Pinel, P., Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Le Bihan, D., Cohen, L., Dehaene, S., Laboratoire Toulousain de Technologie et d'Ingénierie des Systèmes (LATTIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Symbolism, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Cognition, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, MESH: Reading, Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cognition, Reaction Time, Humans, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Mathematics, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Adult, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Cognition Disorders, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Nerve Net, Reading, Female, MESH: Symbolism, Nerve Net, Cognition Disorders, MESH: Female, Mathematics, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract: International audience; Neuropsychological studies have revealed different subtypes of dyscalculia, including dissociations between exact calculation and approximation abilities, and an impact of number size on performance. To understand the origins of these effects, we measured cerebral activity with functional MRI at 3 Tesla and event-related potentials while healthy volunteers performed exact and approximate calculation tasks with small and large numbers. Bilateral intraparietal, precentral, dorsolateral and superior prefrontal regions showed greater activation during approximation, while the left inferior prefrontal cortex and the bilateral angular regions were more activated during exact calculation. Increasing number size during exact calculation led to increased activation in the same bilateral intraparietal regions as during approximation, as well the left inferior and superior frontal gyri. Event-related potentials gave access to the temporal dynamics of calculation processes, showing that effects of task and of number size could be found as early as 200-300 ms following problem presentation. Altogether, the results reveal two cerebral networks for number processing. Rote arithmetic operations with small numbers have a greater reliance on left-lateralized regions, presumably encoding numbers in verbal format. Approximation and exact calculation with large numbers, however, put heavier emphasis on the left and right parietal cortices, which may encode numbers in a non-verbal quantity format. Subtypes of dyscalculia can be explained by lesions disproportionately affecting only one of these networks.

39. Functional MRI assessment of the hemispheric predominance for language in epileptic patients using a simple rhyme detection task

Author: Monica Baciu, Kahane P, Minotti L, Charnallet A, David D, Jf, Le Bas, Segebarth C, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de physiopathologie de l'épilepsie (LNPEE), CHU Grenoble, Departement de Neurologie, Pôle Psychiatrie et Neurologie, CHU Grenoble, RMN biomédicale : de la cellule à l'homme (RBCH), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-DIR CENTRALE DU SSA-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, MESH: Hippocampus, MESH: Paired-Associate Learning, MESH: Language Tests, MESH: Reading, Hippocampus, behavioral disciplines and activities, MESH: Prognosis, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Humans, Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Epilepsy, Language Tests, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Humans, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, Prognosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Paired-Associate Learning, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Semantics, Reading, MESH: Epilepsy, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract: International audience; This study assesses the interest of a simple fMRI rhyme detection paradigm to determine hemispheric predominance for language in epileptic patients. Nineteen patients were examined. The findings derived from the fMRI examinations were compared with those obtained on the same patients using the Wada test, stereotactic intracerebral EEG stimulations and recordings, and/or video-EEG recordings. For the seventeen patients for whom language dominance could be assessed by means of at least one of the latter procedures, the fMRI examination provided concordant results in sixteen. In two patients, the hemispheric predominance for language could only be determined by fMRI. Nine patients underwent surgery subsequent to the fMRI examination. None of them exhibited any aphasic problems following surgery. The rhyme detection task used in the fMRI examination generates robust responses in the language areas, permits easy monitoring of the patient's task performance and can be easily undertaken by the epileptic patients. Thus, this study demonstrates that the fMRI rhyme detection paradigm is particularly well-suited for determining hemispheric language predominance in epileptic candidates for surgery.

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