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20 results on '"MESH: Sample Size"'

1. A stratified adaptive two-stage design with co-primary endpoints for phase II clinical oncology trials

Author: Bastien Cabarrou, Eve Leconte, Patrick Sfumato, Jean-Marie Boher, Thomas Filleron, Biostatistique et science des données de santé/Biostatistics & Health Data Science Unit [Toulouse] (ICR), Institut Claudius Regaud-Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, and Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH: Aged, MESH: Humans, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Phase II clinical oncology trials, MESH: Research Design, Health Informatics, Medical Oncology, Research Design, Neoplasms, Sample Size, Adaptive stratified design, MESH: Biomarkers, Humans, MESH: Neoplasms, Co-primary endpoints, Heterogeneity, Biomarkers, MESH: Sample Size, Aged, MESH: Medical Oncology
Abstract: Background Given the inherent challenges of conducting randomized phase III trials in older cancer patients, single-arm phase II trials which assess the feasibility of a treatment that has already been shown to be effective in a younger population may provide a compelling alternative. Such an approach would need to evaluate treatment feasibility based on a composite endpoint that combines multiple clinical dimensions and to stratify older patients as fit or frail to account for the heterogeneity of the study population to recommend an appropriate treatment approach. In this context, stratified adaptive two-stage designs for binary or composite endpoints, initially developed for biomarker studies, allow to include two subgroups whilst maintaining competitive statistical performances. In practice, heterogeneity may indeed affect more than one dimension and incorporating co-primary endpoints, which independently assess each individual clinical dimension, would therefore appear quite pertinent. The current paper presents a novel phase II design for co-primary endpoints which takes into account the heterogeneity of a population. Methods We developed a stratified adaptive Bryant & Day design based on the Jones et al. and Parashar et al. algorithm. This two-stage design allows to jointly assess two dimensions (e.g. activity and toxicity) in two different subgroups. The operating characteristics of this new design were evaluated using examples and simulation comparisons with the Bryant & Day design in the context where the study population is stratified according to a pre-defined criterion. Results Simulation results demonstrated that the new design minimized the expected and maximum sample sizes as compared to parallel Bryant & Day designs (one in each subgroup), whilst controlling type I error rates and maintaining a competitive statistical power as well as a high probability of detecting heterogeneity. Conclusions In a heterogeneous population, this two-stage stratified adaptive phase II design provides a useful alternative to classical one and allows to identify a subgroup of interest without dramatically increasing sample size. As heterogeneity is not limited to older populations, this new design may also be relevant to other study populations such as children or adolescents and young adults or the development of targeted therapies based on a biomarker.
Published: 2022

2. Using large-scale respondent driven sampling to monitor the end of an HIV epidemic among persons who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Viet Nam

Author: Roselyne Vallo, Pham Minh Khue, Laurent Michel, Kamyar Arasteh, Drive Study Team, Didier Laureillard, Vu Hai Vinh, Delphine Rapoud, Nicolas Nagot, Hoang Thi Giang, Don C. Des Jarlais, Sao Mai Le, Duong Thi Huong, Jonathan Feelemyer, Catherine Quillet, Khuat Thi Hai Oanh, Jean-Pierre Molès, Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh, College of Global Public Health [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Supporting Community Development Initiatives [Hanoï, Vietnam], Viet Tiep Hospital [Hai Phong, Vietnam], Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier], Centre Pierre Nicole [Paris], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Herrada, Anthony
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, Epidemiology, Hiv epidemic, HIV Infections, Surveys, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical Locations, Cohort Studies, Immunodeficiency Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, MESH: Cohort Studies, Virus Testing, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Viet nam, Sampling (statistics), MESH: HIV Infections, Vietnam, HIV epidemiology, Medical Microbiology, Research Design, Viral Pathogens, Scale (social sciences), Viruses, Epidemiological Monitoring, Respondent, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious diseases, Female, Pathogens, Research Article, Cohort study, Medical conditions, Adult, Asia, Science, HIV prevention, Population, Viral diseases, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Sampling Studies, MESH: Sampling Studies, Diagnostic Medicine, Retroviruses, Humans, Epidemics, education, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Epidemics, Medicine and health sciences, Preventive medicine, MESH: Humans, Survey Research, business.industry, Lentivirus, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, Public and occupational health, Snowball sampling, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sample Size, People and Places, MESH: Substance Abuse, Intravenous, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, respondent driven sampling, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, MESH: Vietnam, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: Aims To describe the use of large-scale respondent driven sampling (RDS) surveys to demonstrate the “end of an HIV epidemic” (HIV incidence < 0.5/100 person-years) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in a middle-income country. Large sample sizes are needed to convincingly demonstrate very low incidence rates. Methods 4 large surveys (Ns approximately 1500 each) were conducted among PWID in Hai Phong, Vietnam in 2016–2019. Respondent driven sampling (RDS) with a modification to add snowball sampling was used for recruiting participants. HIV incidence was measured through recency testing, repeat participants across multiple surveys and in a cohort study of PWID recruited from the surveys. RDS analytics (time to equilibria and homophilies for major variables) were used to assess similarities/differences in RDS only versus RDS plus snowball recruiting. Characteristics were compared among respondents recruited through standard RDS recruitment versus through snowball sampling. An overall assessment of the robustness of RDS to modification was made when adding a snowball sampling recruitment. Results RDS recruiting was very efficient in the first 5 weeks of each survey with approximately 180 respondents recruited per week. Recruiting then slowed considerably, and snowball sampling (permitting an individual respondent to recruit large numbers of new respondents) was added to the existing RDS recruiting. This led to recruiting within 13–14 weeks of 1383, 1451, 1444 and 1268 respondents, close to the target of 1500 respondents/survey. Comparisons of participants recruited through standard RDS method and respondents recruited through snowball methods showed very few significant differences. RDS analytics (quickly reaching equilibria, low homophilies) were favorable for both RDS recruited and total numbers of participants in each survey. DRug use and Infections in ViEtnam (DRIVE) methods have now been officially adopted in other provinces. Conclusions RDS appears to be quite robust with respect to adding a modest number of participants recruited through snowball sampling. Large sample sizes can provide compelling evidence for “ending an HIV epidemic” to policy makers in a PWID population in a middle income country setting.
Published: 2021

3. Covariate Selection for Association Screening in Multi-Phenotype Genetic studies

Author: Vincent Guillemot, Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson, Brian M. Wolpin, Peter Kraft, Chirag J. Patel, Chun Jimmie Ye, Noah Zaitlen, Hugues Aschard, David Skurnik, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute [Boston], University of California, H.A. and N.Z. were supported by NIH grant R03DE025665. H.A. was also supported by NIH grant R21HG007687, and N.Z. was also supported by NIH career development award K25HL121295 and NIH grant U01HG009080. C.J.P. was supported by NIH grant R00 ES023504., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC), and Aschard, hugues
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Multivariate analysis, Genome-wide association study, Medical and Health Sciences, MESH: Genotype, [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Models, Statistics, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Models, Genetic, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], MESH: Genetic Association Studies, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Biological Sciences, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Phenotype, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Algorithms, Genotype, MESH: Algorithms, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Clinical Research, Genetic variation, Covariate, Genetics, Leverage (statistics), Humans, MESH: Sample Size, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic association, MESH: Humans, Models, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Reproducibility of Results, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sample size determination, Sample Size, Multiple comparisons problem, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, Multivariate Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Developmental Biology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: International audience; Testing for associations in big data faces the problem of multiple comparisons, wherein true signals are difficult to detect on the background of all associations queried. This difficulty is particularly salient in human genetic association studies, in which phenotypic variation is often driven by numerous variants of small effect. The current strategy to improve power to identify these weak associations consists of applying standard marginal statistical approaches and increasing study sample sizes. Although successful, this approach does not leverage the environmental and genetic factors shared among the multiple phenotypes collected in contemporary cohorts. Here we developed covariates for multiphenotype studies (CMS), an approach that improves power when correlated phenotypes are measured on the same samples. Our analyses of real and simulated data provide direct evidence that correlated phenotypes can be used to achieve increases in power to levels often surpassing the power gained by a twofold increase in sample size.
Published: 2017

4. The Value of Molecular vs. Morphometric and Acoustic Information for Species Identification Using Sympatric Molossid Bats

Author: Gager, Yann, Tarland, Emilia, Lieckfeldt, Dietmar, Ménage, Matthieu, Botero-Castro, Fidel, Rossiter, Stephen J., Kraus, Robert, Ludwig, Arne, Dechmann, Dina K. N., Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology (IMPRS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-University of Konstanz, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, University of Konstanz, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Sound Spectrography, Physiology, Sensory Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Skin Pigmentation, Biochemistry, MESH: Wings, Animal, Chiroptera, Wings, Bats, Medicine and Health Sciences, Wings, Animal, MESH: Animals, Animal Anatomy, MESH: Phylogeny, lcsh:Science, Musculoskeletal System, Animal Signaling and Communication, Energy-Producing Organelles, Phylogeny, MESH: Sympatry, Forearms, Mammals, Principal Component Analysis, Animal Behavior, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, MESH: Chiroptera, Phylogenetic Analysis, Sensory Systems, Mitochondria, Arms, Sympatry, Auditory System, Multigene Family, Vertebrates, Female, MESH: Skin Pigmentation, MESH: Sound Spectrography, Anatomy, Cellular Structures and Organelles, MESH: Echolocation, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Animal Navigation, Bioenergetics, Research and Analysis Methods, MESH: Genetic Loci, Gentic loci, Phylogenetic analysis, Taxonomy, Sequence alignment, Species Specificity, ddc:570, Genetics, Animals, MESH: Species Specificity, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, Molecular Biology, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Principal Component Analysis, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Behavior, Limbs (Anatomy), Body Weight, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Extremities, Cell Biology, Acoustics, MESH: Male, MESH: Body Weight, Genetic Loci, MESH: Acoustics, Echolocation, Sample Size, MESH: Multigene Family, Animal Migration, lcsh:Q, MESH: Extremities, MESH: Microsatellite Repeats, Zoology, Sequence Alignment, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; A fundamental condition for any work with free-ranging animals is correct species identification. However, in case of bats, information on local species assemblies is frequently limited especially in regions with high biodiversity such as the Neotropics. The bat genus Molossus is a typical example of this, with morphologically similar species often occurring in sympatry. We used a multi-method approach based on molecular, morphometric and acoustic information collected from 962 individuals of Molossus bondae, M. coibensis, and M. molossus captured in Panama. We distinguished M. bondae based on size and pelage coloration. We identified two robust species clusters composed of M. molossus and M. coibensis based on 18 microsatellite markers but also on a more stringently determined set of four markers. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the mitochondrial gene co1 (DNA barcode) were used to diagnose these microsatellite clusters as M. molossus and M. coibensis. To differentiate species, morphological information was only reliable when forearm length and body mass were combined in a linear discriminant function (95.9% correctly identified individuals). When looking in more detail at M. molossus and M. coibensis, only four out of 13 wing parameters were informative for species differentiation, with M. coibensis showing lower values for hand wing area and hand wing length and higher values for wing loading. Acoustic recordings after release required categorization of calls into types, yielding only two informative subsets: approach calls and two-toned search calls. Our data emphasizes the importance of combining morphological traits and independent genetic data to inform the best choice and combination of discriminatory information used in the field. Because parameters can vary geographically, the multi-method approach may need to be adjusted to local species assemblies and populations to be entirely informative.
Published: 2016

5. Commentary on 'A roadmap for the prevention of dementia II. Leon Thal Symposium 2008.' The Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT): A new approach to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease

Author: Gillette-Guyonnet, Sophie, Andrieu, Sandrine, Dantoine, Thierry, Dartigues, Jean-François, Touchon, Jacques, Vellas, Bruno, Mapt Study, Group, Gérontopôle, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicap (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicap (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service d'épidémiologie [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de Médecine Gériatrique [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pathologies du système nerveux : recherche épidémiologique et clinique, and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-IFR76-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Gerontology, Research design, Activities of daily living, Epidemiology, Psychological intervention, Disease, Prevention of dementia, law.invention, MESH: Brain, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH: Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Developmental Neuroscience, Randomized controlled trial, law, MESH: Exercise Therapy, Medicine, MESH: Data Collection, MESH: Patient Selection, Cognitive decline, MESH: Outcome Assessment (Health Care), MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Humans, business.industry, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Health Policy, MESH: Research Design, MESH: Biological Markers, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Cognitive training, MESH: Cognitive Therapy, MESH: Cognition Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, MESH: Disease Progression, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, MESH: Alzheimer Disease
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Because no effective curative approaches are available, preventive approaches in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed. We present the design of the ongoing Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) Study. Several previous studies suggested that many factors may be involved in the occurrence of AD at late ages. Because of the probable multifactorial nature of AD, it seems logical to initiate multidomain interventions to examine their potential synergistic effects. The MAPT Study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a multidomain intervention (nutritional, physical, and cognitive training) and omega 3 treatment in the prevention of cognitive decline in frail elderly persons aged 70 years or over. The study also collects imaging and biological data that could be used in future AD prevention and treatment trials. METHODS: The MAPT Study is a 3-year, randomized, controlled trial conducted by university hospital practitioners specializing in memory disorders in four French cities (Bordeaux, Limoges, Montpellier, and Toulouse). The study plans to enroll 1200 frail elderly subjects on the basis of at least one of the following criteria: subjective memory complaint spontaneously expressed to a general practitioner, limitation in one instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), and slow walking speed. To demonstrate the protective effect of interventions, subjects are randomized into one of the following four groups: omega 3 alone, multidomain intervention alone, omega 3 plus multidomain intervention, or placebo (n = 300 each). The principal outcome measure is a change in cognitive function at 3 years, as determined by the Grober and Buschke Test. CONCLUSIONS: The MAPT Study is the first preventive trial involving multidomain interventions. Final results should be available in 2013.
Published: 2009

6. A nonparametric method for penetrance function estimation

Author: Catherine Bonaïti-Pellié, Flora Alarcon, Hugo Harari-Kermadec, Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines (Inserm U535), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bonaïti-Pellié, Catherine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Pedigree, Epidemiology, Penetrance, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Gene mutation, MESH: Phenotype, Statistics, Nonparametric, non parametric method, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Penetrance, Statistics, Econometrics, MESH: Molecular Epidemiology, Humans, MESH: Models, Genetic, MESH: Sample Size, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, Mathematics, Weibull distribution, Parametric statistics, Sampling bias, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Likelihood Functions, Molecular Epidemiology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, Models, Statistical, Ideal (set theory), Models, Genetic, Nonparametric statistics, Survival Analysis, Risk estimation, MESH: Male, Pedigree, Phenotype, MESH: Survival Analysis, Sample Size, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, ascertainment bias, Mutation (genetic algorithm), MESH: Likelihood Functions, Female, MESH: Female, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract: International audience; In diseases caused by a deleterious gene mutation, knowledge of age-specific cumulative risks is necessary for medical management of mutation carriers. When pedigrees are ascertained through at least one affected individual, ascertainment bias can be corrected by using a parametric method such as the Proband's phenotype Exclusion Likelihood, or PEL, that uses a survival analysis approach based on the Weibull model. This paper proposes a nonparametric method for penetrance function estimation that corrects for ascertainment on at least one affected: the Index Discarding EuclideAn Likelihood or IDEAL. IDEAL is compared with PEL, using family samples simulated from a Weibull distribution and under alternative models. We show that, under Weibull assumption and asymptotic conditions, IDEAL and PEL both provide unbiased risk estimates. However, when the true risk function deviates from a Weibull distribution, we show that the PEL might provide biased estimates while IDEAL remains unbiased.
Published: 2009

7. Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for imported malaria in clinical practice: results of a national multicenter study

Author: N. Godineau, Anne-Sophie Le Guern, Pascal Millet, Marie Dalichampt, Marc Thellier, Pascal Houzé, Odile Fenneteau, Isabelle Boutron, Anne Marmorat, Sandrine Houzé, Florence Tubach, Véronique Hubert, Sophie Matheron, Isabelle Poilane, Jacques Le Bras, Hélène Broutier, Stéphanie Dulucq, Christophe Choquet, Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre d'épidémiologie Clinique [Hôtel-Dieu], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur (CMIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Robert Ballanger [Aulnay-sous-Bois], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Hôpital Saint-André, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), The study was supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC AOR06066). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Equipe 5 : METHODS - Méthodes de l’évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques (CRESS - U1153), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Embedded System Lab (ESL), Thales Research and Technology, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), CIC epidémiologie clinique/ essais cliniques, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité-APHP, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité-APHP-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Equipe 5 : METHODS - Méthodes de l’évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques ( CRESS - U1153 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité ( CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Embedded System Lab ( ESL ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Protozoan Proteins, lcsh:Medicine, Antigens, Protozoan, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Malaria, Falciparum, lcsh:Science, Prospective cohort study, Lactate Dehydrogenases, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, MESH: Sample Size, Imported malaria, MESH: Lactate Dehydrogenases, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, lcsh:R, Diagnostic test, Plasmodium falciparum, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Gold standard (test), biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, 3. Good health, MESH: France, Multicenter study, Predictive value of tests, Sample Size, Immunology, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Malaria, Research Article, MESH: Antigens, Protozoan
Abstract: International audience; We compared the performance of four rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for imported malaria, and particularly Plasmodium falciparum infection, using thick and thin blood smears as the gold standard. All the tests are designed to detect at least one protein specific to P. falciparum (Plasmodium histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) or Plasmodium LDH (PfLDH)) and one pan-Plasmodium protein (aldolase or Plasmodium LDH (pLDH)). 1,311 consecutive patients presenting to 9 French hospitals with suspected malaria were included in this prospective study between April 2006 and September 2008. Blood smears revealed malaria parasites in 374 cases (29%). For the diagnosis of P. falciparum infection, the three tests detecting PfHRP2 showed high and similar sensitivity (96%), positive predictive value (PPV) (90%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (98%). The PfLDH test showed lower sensitivity (83%) and NPV (80%), despite good PPV (98%). For the diagnosis of non-falciparum species, the PPV and NPV of tests targeting pLDH or aldolase were 94-99% and 52-64%, respectively. PfHRP2-based RDTs are thus an acceptable alternative to routine microscopy for diagnosing P. falciparum malaria. However, as malaria may be misdiagnosed with RDTs, all negative results must be confirmed by the reference diagnostic method when clinical, biological or other factors are highly suggestive of malaria.
Published: 2013

8. [Evaluation of preoperative non-invasive ventilation in thoracic surgery for lung cancer: the preOVNI study GFPC 12-01]

Author: Paleiron, Nicolas, André, Michel, Grassin, F., Chouaïd, C., Venissac, N., Margery, J., Couturaud, Francis, Noël-Savina, Elise, Tromeur, Cécile, Vinsonneau, U., Vedrine, L., Leroyer, Christophe, Nowak, Emmanuel, Berard, H., Thomas, P., Brouchet, L., Bagan, P., Fournel, P., Mottier, Dominique, Robinet, Gilles, Service de Pneumologie (HIA BREST - Pneumologie), Hôpital d'Instruction des armées, Service de Pneumologie (CRETEIL - Pneumologie), CHI Créteil, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique (NICE - Chirurgie Thoracique), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Service de Pneumologie (HIA PERCY - Pneumologie), HIA Percy, Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] (DMIP - Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Service de Cardiologie (HIA BREST - Cardio), HIA - BREST, Service d'Oncologie (HIA VAL DE GRACE - Oncologie), HIA VAL DE GRACE, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC - Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Pneumologie (HIA TOULON - Pneumologie), Hopital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne [Toulon] (HIA), Service de Pneumologie (GAP - Pneumologie), CHICAS - GAP, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique (TOULOUSE - Chirurgie Thoracique), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de Chirurgie Thoracique (ARGENTEUIL - Chirurgie Thoracique), CH Argenteuil, Service d'Oncologie Thoracique (SAINT ETIENNE - Oncologie Thoracique), Institut Cancérologique de la Loire, and Service d'Oncologie Thoracique (BREST - ICH)
Subjects: MESH: Preoperative Care, MESH: Humans, MESH: Heart Diseases, MESH: Pneumonectomy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Adult, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Lung Neoplasms, MESH: Positive-Pressure Respiration, MESH: Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MESH: Postoperative Complications, MESH: Obesity, MESH: Patient Selection, MESH: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Noninvasive Ventilation
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the best treatment for stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer. Despite an improvement in the perioperative management of cancer patients and specialization of surgical teams, morbidity and mortality remains significant. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an effective therapeutic option in hypercapnic respiratory failure. It also improves functional and gasometric parameters when undertaken before surgery. The objective of the preOVNI study is to demonstrate that preoperative non-invasive ventilation for 7 days, at home, reduces the postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications of lung resection surgery, in a high-risk population. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled open-labelled multicentric French study, under the supervision of the Groupe Français de Pneumocancérologie (GFPC), comparing 7 days of preoperative non-invasive ventilation with standard treatment. Inclusion criteria are: patients suitable for lobectomy or segmentectomy for primary bronchial carcinoma and presenting with obstructive or restrictive lung disease, obesity or chronic cardiac insufficiency. The primary criterion is a composite one, including all respiratory and cardiac complications. The number of patients is 150 in each treatment arm, 300 in total. EXPECTED RESULTS: We think that preoperative NIV will be able to reduce the rate of postoperative complications. If this objective is achieved, the management of these patients could be changed.
Published: 2013

9. Increased Rate of Twins among Affected Sibling Pairs with Autism

Author: Marion Leboyer, Catalina Betancur, Christopher Gillberg, Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Gothenburg (GU), Saint George's Hospital Medical School, Paris Autism Research International Sibpair (PARIS) study, and Betancur, Catalina
Subjects: Concordance, Population, MESH: Autistic Disorder, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Selection Bias, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Genetics, Genetics(clinical), 10. No inequality, education, Letter to the Editor, MESH: Cohort Studies, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Sample Size, 030304 developmental biology, Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Twins, Heritability, medicine.disease, Zygosity, 3. Good health, Fragile X syndrome, Asperger syndrome, Autism, MESH: Diseases in Twins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: To the Editor: There is consistent evidence from twin and family studies implicating genetic factors in the etiology of autism (MIM 209850), but no specific genes associated with autism have yet been identified. In a recent article in the Journal, Greenberg et al. (2001) reported a striking excess of twin pairs, both MZ and DZ, in the cohort of families with at least two siblings with autism or autism-related conditions recruited by the Autism Resource Exchange (AGRE) of the Cure Autism Now (CAN) Foundation. The proportion of twins among autistic sib pairs (18%, 30/166) was significantly higher than the expected twinning rate per sib pair (2.4%). Greenberg et al. (2001) demonstrated that to ascribe this excess of twins with autism to a sampling bias would require very large ascertainment factors, which seem unlikely. These findings suggest that being a twin represents a risk factor for autism, and they have important implications for the etiology of autism. However, as Greenberg et al. (2001) pointed out, these results need to be replicated in other data sets. We report here a similar excess of twins in a sample of affected sib pairs recruited by the Paris Autism Research International Sibpair (PARIS) study. Families with two or more children with autism or autism-related disorders (Asperger syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified [PDD NOS]) were recruited by the PARIS study at specialized clinical centers in eight countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the United States). Patients were included after undergoing a complete clinical and neuropsychological assessment described elsewhere (Philippe et al. 1999); subjects demonstrated to suffer from organic conditions associated with autism, such as tuberous sclerosis, fragile X syndrome, or other established chromosomal disorders, were excluded from the study. We divided the affected sib pairs into two diagnostic categories: “narrow,” when both affected sibs had autism, and “broad,” when one or both of the affected sibs had either Asperger syndrome or PDD NOS. Patients in the narrow diagnostic category fulfilled the DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria for autistic disorder/childhood autism and met the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised algorithm (Lord et al. 1994). All the families were white except one of mixed ethnicity (white/Asian). To make our results directly comparable to those obtained by Greenberg et al. (2001), in the current analysis we included only families having exactly two affected offspring; families with triplets or with an affected twin pair and one or more affected nontwin siblings were excluded. We also excluded families with mixed twin pairs (one affected twin, one unaffected co-twin, and a nontwin affected sib) and families with half siblings. Table 1 shows the distribution of affected sib pairs divided according to diagnostic category, twin status, and sex. Table 2 shows the observed proportion of twins in our data set compared both with the population rates reported by Greenberg et al. (2001) and with the rate observed in the AGRE families. In agreement with the results of Greenberg et al. (2001), we observed a remarkably high proportion of MZ twin pairs among affected sib pairs. Of 79 affected sib pairs (narrow + broad diagnoses), 11 were twin pairs (2 DZ and 9 MZ). This represents a 14-fold increase for MZ twins, compared with the population frequency, and is statistically significant (P
Published: 2002
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10. Non-local MRI upsampling

Author: Antonio Buades, Pierrick Coupé, D. Louis Collins, Vladimir S. Fonov, José V. Manjón, Montserrat Robles, ITACA, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre ( MNI ), Montreal Neurological Institute [Montréal], McGill University-McGill University, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dpt Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat Illes Balears, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Coupé, Pierrick
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, MESH: Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH : Artifacts, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Upsampling, 0302 clinical medicine, Image scaling, Computer vision, [ SDV.IB ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Image resolution, MESH : Algorithms, Mathematics, Signal processing, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, [ INFO.INFO-IM ] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, MESH : Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Brain, Stairstep interpolation, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Non-local means, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Peak signal-to-noise ratio, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH : Sample Size, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Artifacts, Data Interpretation, Statistical, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, MESH: Image Enhancement, MESH : Sensitivity and Specificity, Artifacts, Algorithms, Interpolation, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Health Informatics, MESH: Algorithms, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, MESH : Data Interpretation, Statistical, MESH: Sample Size, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH : Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH : Reproducibility of Results, MESH : Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Image Enhancement, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH : Brain, Sample Size, MESH : Image Enhancement, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; In Magnetic Resonance Imaging, image resolution is limited by several factors such as hardware or time constraints. In many cases, the acquired images have to be upsampled to match a specific resolution. In such cases, image interpolation techniques have been traditionally applied. However, traditional interpolation techniques are not able to recover high frequency information of the underlying high resolution data. In this paper, a new upsampling method is proposed to recover some of this high frequency information by using a data-adaptive patch-based reconstruction in combination with a subsampling coherence constraint. The proposed method has been evaluated on synthetic and real clinical cases and compared with traditional interpolation methods. The proposed method is shown to outperform classical interpolation methods compared in terms of quantitative measures and visual observation.
Published: 2010

11. Multifaceted intervention to decrease the rate of severe postpartum haemorrhage: the PITHAGORE6 cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author: Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine, Dupont, Corinne, Colin, C., Rabilloud, Muriel, Touzet, S., Lansac, Jacques, Harvey, Thierry, Tessier, Véronique, Chauleur, C., Pennehouat, G., Morin, X., Bouvier-Colle, Marie-Hélène, Rudigoz, René, Recherche Epidémiologique en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes et des Enfants (UMR_S 953), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé Individu Société - SIS (SIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Réseau périnatal Aurore, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Département d'information médicale et évaluation des soins de santé, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Biostatistique, Réseau périnatal PerinatCentre, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Réseau périnatal port-royal, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, Réseau périnatal Loire Nord Ardeche, CHU Saint-Etienne, Réseau périnatal Savoie, CHU Chambéry, Réseau périnatal Alpes Isère, CHU Grenoble, French ministry of health under its clinical research Hospital program (contract n°27-35), and Debs, Nayla
Subjects: MESH: Humans, MESH: Professional Practice, MESH: Midwifery, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Postpartum Hemorrhage, MESH: Education, Medical, Continuing, MESH: France, MESH: Clinical Protocols, MESH: Patient Care Team, MESH: Pregnancy, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Hospitals, Maternity, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Female, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Obstetrics, MESH: Treatment Outcome
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: Decreasing the prevalence of severe postpartum haemorrhages (PPH) is a major obstetrical challenge. These are often considered to be associated with substandard initial care. Strategies to increase the appropriateness of early management of PPH must be assessed. We tested the hypothesis that a multifaceted intervention aimed at increasing the translation into practice of a protocol for early management of PPH, would reduce the incidence of severe PPH. DESIGN: Cluster-randomised trial. POPULATION: 106 maternity units in six French regions. METHODS: Maternity units were randomly assigned to receive the intervention, or to have the protocol passively disseminated. The intervention combined outreach visits to discuss the protocol in each local context, reminders, and peer reviews of severe incidents, and was implemented in each maternity hospital by a team pairing an obstetrician and a midwife. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the incidence of severe PPH, defined as a composite of one or more of: transfusion, embolisation, surgical procedure, transfer to intensive care, peripartum haemoglobin decrease of 4 g/dl or more, death. The main secondary outcomes were PPH management practices. RESULTS: The mean rate of severe PPH was 1.64% (SD 0.80) in the intervention units and 1.65% (SD 0.96) in control units; difference not significant. Some elements of PPH management were applied more frequently in intervention units-help from senior staff (P = 0.005), or tended to - second-line pharmacological treatment (P = 0.06), timely blood test (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: This educational intervention did not affect the rate of severe PPH as compared with control units, although it improved some practices.
Published: 2010

12. Multifaceted intervention to decrease the rate of severe postpartum haemorrhage: the PITHAGORE6 cluster-randomised controlled trial.: Intervention to decrease severe postpartum haemorrhage

Author: Deneux-Tharaux, Catherine, Dupont, Corinne, Colin, C., Rabilloud, Muriel, Touzet, S., Lansac, Jacques, Harvey, Thierry, Tessier, Véronique, Chauleur, C., Pennehouat, G., Morin, X., Bouvier-Colle, Marie-Hélène, Rudigoz, René, Recherche Epidémiologique en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes et des Enfants (UMR_S 953), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé Individu Société - SIS (SIS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Réseau périnatal Aurore, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Département d'information médicale et évaluation des soins de santé, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Biostatistique, Réseau périnatal PerinatCentre, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Réseau périnatal port-royal, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, Réseau périnatal Loire Nord Ardeche, CHU Saint-Etienne, Réseau périnatal Savoie, CHU Chambéry, Réseau périnatal Alpes Isère, CHU Grenoble, French ministry of health under its clinical research Hospital program (contract n°27-35), Santé Individu Société (SIS), Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)
Subjects: MESH: Professional Practice, Hospitals, Maternity, Midwifery, Article, MESH: Clinical Protocols, MESH: Patient Care Team, MESH: Pregnancy, Clinical Protocols, Pregnancy, Cluster Analysis, Humans, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Patient Care Team, MESH: Humans, Incidence, Postpartum Hemorrhage, Professional Practice, MESH: Midwifery, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Postpartum Hemorrhage, MESH: Education, Medical, Continuing, Obstetrics, MESH: France, Treatment Outcome, Sample Size, MESH: Hospitals, Maternity, Education, Medical, Continuing, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, MESH: Female, MESH: Obstetrics
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: Decreasing the prevalence of severe postpartum haemorrhages (PPH) is a major obstetrical challenge. These are often considered to be associated with substandard initial care. Strategies to increase the appropriateness of early management of PPH must be assessed. We tested the hypothesis that a multifaceted intervention aimed at increasing the translation into practice of a protocol for early management of PPH, would reduce the incidence of severe PPH. DESIGN: Cluster-randomised trial. POPULATION: 106 maternity units in six French regions. METHODS: Maternity units were randomly assigned to receive the intervention, or to have the protocol passively disseminated. The intervention combined outreach visits to discuss the protocol in each local context, reminders, and peer reviews of severe incidents, and was implemented in each maternity hospital by a team pairing an obstetrician and a midwife. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the incidence of severe PPH, defined as a composite of one or more of: transfusion, embolisation, surgical procedure, transfer to intensive care, peripartum haemoglobin decrease of 4 g/dl or more, death. The main secondary outcomes were PPH management practices. RESULTS: The mean rate of severe PPH was 1.64% (SD 0.80) in the intervention units and 1.65% (SD 0.96) in control units; difference not significant. Some elements of PPH management were applied more frequently in intervention units-help from senior staff (P = 0.005), or tended to - second-line pharmacological treatment (P = 0.06), timely blood test (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: This educational intervention did not affect the rate of severe PPH as compared with control units, although it improved some practices.
Published: 2010

13. Genome-wide meta-analysis of joint tests for genetic and gene-environment interaction effects

Author: Peter Kraft, Hugues Aschard, Stephanie J. London, Dana B. Hancock, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Health and Human Services, and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)
Subjects: MESH: Genetic Phenomena, Genome-wide association study, Context (language use), Computational biology, Biology, Genome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Computer Simulation, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genetics, Humans, MESH: Meta-Analysis as Topic, Computer Simulation, MESH: Models, Genetic, Gene–environment interaction, Genetics (clinical), MESH: Sample Size, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Genetic Processes, 0303 health sciences, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Original Paper, MESH: Humans, Models, Genetic, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: Gene-Environment Interaction, MESH: Case-Control Studies, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Meta-analysis, Case-Control Studies, Sample Size, Genetic Phenomena, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Gene-Environment Interaction, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Background: There is growing interest in the study of gene-environment interactions in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). These studies will likely require meta-analytic approaches to have sufficient power. Methods: We describe an approach for meta-analysis of a joint test for genetic main effects and gene-environment interaction effects. Using simulation studies based on a meta-analysis of five studies (total n = 10,161), we compare the power of this test to the meta-analysis of marginal test of genetic association and the meta-analysis of standard 1 d.f. interaction tests across a broad range of genetic main effects and gene-environment interaction effects. Results: We show that the joint meta-analysis is valid and can be more powerful than classical meta-analytic approaches, with a potential gain of power over 50% compared to the marginal test. The standard interaction test had less than 1% power in almost all the situations we considered. We also show that regardless of the test used, sample sizes far exceeding those of a typical individual GWAS will be needed to reliably detect genes with subtle gene-environment interaction patterns. Conclusion: The joint meta-analysis is an attractive approach to discover markers which may have been missed by initial GWASs focusing on marginal marker-trait associations.
Published: 2010

14. Identifying common prognostic factors in genomic cancer studies: a novel index for censored outcomes

Author: Philippe Broët, Sigrid L. Rouam, Thierry Moreau, Computational and Mathematical Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Méthodologie biostatistique de la génomique fonctionnelle en épidémiologie clinique (JE2492), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), We also thank the following institutions for general funding: the Genome Institute of Singapore (Singapore) and the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (France)., and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: Score, computer.software_genre, Biochemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, Structural Biology, Neoplasms, Databases, Genetic, MESH: Neoplasms, lcsh:QH301-705.5, MESH: Databases, Genetic, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Likelihood Functions, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Applied Mathematics, Hazard ratio, Prognosis, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Censoring (clinical trials), lcsh:R858-859.7, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Data mining, Likelihood function, Computational biology, Biology, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, MESH: Prognosis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Computer Simulation, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Research article, Test statistic, Humans, Computer Simulation, Molecular Biology, MESH: Genome, Human, MESH: Sample Size, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Genome, Human, Proportional hazards model, Gene Expression Profiling, lcsh:Biology (General), Ranking, Sample size determination, Sample Size, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, MESH: Likelihood Functions, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], computer
Abstract: Background With the growing number of public repositories for high-throughput genomic data, it is of great interest to combine the results produced by independent research groups. Such a combination allows the identification of common genomic factors across multiple cancer types and provides new insights into the disease process. In the framework of the proportional hazards model, classical procedures, which consist of ranking genes according to the estimated hazard ratio or the p-value obtained from a test statistic of no association between survival and gene expression level, are not suitable for gene selection across multiple genomic datasets with different sample sizes. We propose a novel index for identifying genes with a common effect across heterogeneous genomic studies designed to remain stable whatever the sample size and which has a straightforward interpretation in terms of the percentage of separability between patients according to their survival times and gene expression measurements. Results The simulations results show that the proposed index is not substantially affected by the sample size of the study and the censoring. They also show that its separability performance is higher than indices of predictive accuracy relying on the likelihood function. A simulated example illustrates the good operating characteristics of our index. In addition, we demonstrate that it is linked to the score statistic and possesses a biologically relevant interpretation. The practical use of the index is illustrated for identifying genes with common effects across eight independent genomic cancer studies of different sample sizes. The meta-selection allows the identification of four genes (ESPL1, KIF4A, HJURP, LRIG1) that are biologically relevant to the carcinogenesis process and have a prognostic impact on survival outcome across various solid tumors. Conclusion The proposed index is a promising tool for identifying factors having a prognostic impact across a collection of heterogeneous genomic datasets of various sizes.
Published: 2010

15. PRALIMAP: study protocol for a high school-based, factorial cluster randomised interventional trial of three overweight and obesity prevention strategies

Author: Sabrina Tessier, Serge Briançon, Nelly Agrinier, Evelyne Aptel, E. Lecomte, Emilie Bonsergent, Jean-François Collin, Serge Hercberg, Karine Legrand, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Service d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle ( UREN ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers - Lorraine ( CNAM Lorraine ), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Rectorat Nancy-Metz, Académie Nancy-Metz, The PRALIMAP trial received support from public and private sectors. Special acknowledgements are addressed to ARH Lorraine, Conseil Régional de Lorraine, DRASS de Lorraine, GRSP de Lorraine, Fondation Coeurs et Artères, Fondation Wyeth, Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, Inca, IRESP, Régime local d'assurance maladie d'Alsace Lorraine and Urcam de Lorraine., PRALIMAP Trial Group, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), BMC, Ed., Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH : Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, MESH: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Medicine (miscellaneous), MESH : School Health Services, MESH : Overweight, Overweight, law.invention, MESH: Health Education, Study Protocol, MESH: Clinical Protocols, 0302 clinical medicine, Promotion (rank), Randomized controlled trial, Clinical Protocols, law, Medicine, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Obesity, MESH: School Health Services, Pharmacology (medical), MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Health Education, media_common, lcsh:R5-920, Practice, 4. Education, Health Knowledge, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 3. Good health, MESH : Sample Size, Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health education, Female, MESH : Obesity, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Medicine (General), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH : Male, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Quality of life (healthcare), MESH : Health Education, MESH : Adolescent, Humans, MESH : Cluster Analysis, Attitudes, Obesity, Sample Size, School Health Services, MESH : Clinical Protocols, MESH: Overweight, MESH: Sample Size, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public health, MESH : Humans, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Male, Health promotion, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, Physical therapy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: The PRALIMAP steering committee consists of Evelyne APTEL, Noémie ANGEL, Raphaëlle ANCELLIN, Françoise BAILLY, Lucette BARTHELEMY, Daouia BEZAZ, Serge BRIANCON, Jean-François COLLIN, Rozenn De LAVENNE, Evelyne DIETZ, Pascal ENRIETTO, Elisabeth FAVRE, Magali GENTIEU, Emmanuel GOUAULT, Michel HELFENSTEIN, Serge HERCBERG, François KURTZ, Patrick LAURE, Edith LECOMTE, Joëlle LIGHEZZOLO, Patrick MARX, Aline OSBERY, Marie-Odile PIQUEE, Pierre RENAUDIN, Gilles ROBERT, Anne SCHICHTEL, Anne VUILLEMIN, Elisabeth VILLEMIN, Mireille WUILLAUME.; International audience; BACKGROUND: Given the increase in overweight and obesity prevalence in adolescents in the last decade, effective prevention strategies for these conditions in adolescents are urgently needed. The PRALIMAP (Promotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique) trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness for these conditions of 3 health promotion strategies--educational, screening and environmental--applied singly or in combination in high schools over a 2-year intervention period. METHODS: PRALIMAP is a stratified 2 × 2 × 2 factorial cluster randomised controlled trial including 24 state high schools in Lorraine, northeastern France, in 2 waves: 8 schools in 2006 (wave 1) and 16 in 2007 (wave 2). Students entering the selected high schools in the 4 academic years from 2006 to 2009 are eligible for data collection. Interventional strategies are organized over 2 academic years. The follow-up consists of 3 visits: at the entry of grade 10 (T0), grade 11 (T1) and grade 12 (T2). At T0, 5,458 (85.7%) adolescents participated. The educational strategy consists of nutritional lessons, working groups and a final party. The screening strategy consists in detecting overweight/obesity and eating disorders in adolescents and proposing, if necessary, an adapted care management program of 7 group educational sessions. The environmental strategy consists in improving dietary and physical activity offerings in high schools and facilities, especially catering. The main outcomes are body size evolution over time, nutritional behaviour and knowledge, health and quality of life. An evaluation process documents how each intervention strategy is implemented in the schools and estimates the dose of the intervention, allowing for a per protocol analysis after the main intention-to-treat analysis. DISCUSSION: PRALIMAP aims at improving the prevention and management of overweight and obesity in adolescents by translating current evidence into public health practice. Particular attention is paid to clustering, multiple factorials and long-term duration to address common pitfalls in health promotion trials. The results should inform how best to implement, in a school environment, effective nutrition prevention programs targeting adolescents who are at a point their lives when they develop responsibilities and empowerment for health attitude behaviours. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT00814554.
Published: 2010

16. A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism

Author: Zak Kohane, Jeremy Goldberg, Carine Mantoulan, Shaun Purcell, Jessica Brian, Magdalena Laskawiec, Christopher A. Walsh, Irma Moilanen, Ridha Joober, Peter Szatmari, Olena Korvatska, Kerim Munir, James F. Gusella, Rudolph E. Tanzi, David L. Pauls, Generoso G. Gascon, Christine Stevens, Linda Lotspeich, John I. Nurnberger, Ramzi Nazir, Jonathan Green, Brian L. Yaspan, Marion Leboyer, Ann P. Thompson, Shun-Chiao Chang, Carolyn Bridgemohan, Louise Gallagher, Jeff Munson, Michael Gill, Guiqing Cai, Fritz Poustka, Regina Regan, Aislyn Cangialose, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Christopher J. McDougle, Christina Corsello, Wendy Roberts, Thomas H. Wassink, Majid Ghadami, Ellen M. Hanson, Benjamin M. Neale, Stacey Gabriel, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, John Tsiantis, Hanna Ebeling, Sabine M. Klauck, Elaine LeClair, Bernie Devlin, Steven A. McCarroll, Ashley O'Connor, Andrew Pickles, Emily L. Crawford, Katja Jussila, Helen McConachie, Christopher Gillberg, Brenda E. Barry, Lou Kunkel, Seung Yun Yoo, Jennifer N. Partlow, Stephanie Brewster O'Neil, Ingrid A. Holm, Judith Miller, Guy A. Rouleau, Val C. Sheffield, Catherine Lord, Judith S. Palfrey, Ellen M. Wijsman, Astrid M. Vicente, Azam Hosseinipour, Ronald E. Becker, James S. Sutcliffe, Fred R. Volkmar, Marja Leena Mattila, Katerina Papanikolaou, Jennifer Reichert, Edwin H. Cook, Pamela Sklar, Elena Maestrini, Hilary Coon, Sek Won Kong, Stephen A. Haddad, Todd Green, Gillian Baird, Andrew Kirby, Patrick Bolton, Robert Sean Hill, Eric M. Morrow, Tom Berney, Jonathan L. Haines, Maryam Valujerdi, Casey Gates, David J. Posey, Karola Rehnström, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Christine M. Freitag, Eric Fombonne, Janice Ware, Christian R. Marshall, Janine A. Lamb, Lauren A. Weiss, Agatino Battaglia, Nancy J. Minshew, Roksana Sasanfar, Elizabeth Baroni, Maretha de Jonge, Lennart von Wendt, Gina Hilton, Dalila Pinto, Nahit Motavalli Mukaddes, Ala Tolouei, Catalina Betancur, Michael Rutter, Tram Tran, Eftichia Duketis, Laurent Mottron, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Kristen West, Joachim Hallmayer, Kirsty Wing, Kerstin Wittemeyer, Rachel J. Hundley, Herman van Engeland, Judith Conroy, Mark J. Daly, Asif Hashmi, Michael L. Cuccaro, Geraldine Dawson, Sanna Kuusikko, Richard Anney, Anthony P. Monaco, Brian Winkloski, Samira Al-Saad, Dan E. Arking, Veronica J. Vieland, Stephen W. Scherer, Soher Balkhy, Kara Andresen, Rebecca L. Tomlinson, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Aravinda Chakravarti, Xiao-Qing Liu, Lindsay Jackson, Jaakko Ignatius, Catarina Correia, Leonard Rappaport, Heather Peters, Julie Gauthier, John R. Gilbert, Jeremy R. Parr, Carrie Sougnez, Katherine E. Tansey, Bennett L. Leventha, Annemarie Poustka, Daniel H. Geschwind, Annette Estes, Leena Peltonen, Maryam Rostami, Jeff Salt, David Altshuler, Simon Wallace, Susan E. Bryson, William M. Mahoney, Katy Renshaw, Robert M. Joseph, Lisa H. Albers, Inês Cabrito, Sean Ennis, Vanessa Hus, Guiomar Oliveira, Ann Le Couteur, Joseph Piven, Sandra L. Friedman, Penny Farrar, Joshua M. Korn, Sven Bölte, Camille W. Brune, Esau Simmons, Susan L. Santangelo, Andrew D. Paterson, Rita M. Cantor, Andrew B. West, Finny G Kuruvilla, Tiago R. Magalhaes, Andrew Green, Alison Schonwald, Stephen J. Guter, Anthony J. Bailey, Bernadette Rogé, William M. McMahon, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Génétique de l'autisme = Genetics of Autism (NPS-01), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Betancur, Catalina, University of Helsinki, Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), WEISS LA, ARKING DE, and GENE DISCOVERY PROJECT OF JOHNS HOPKINS & THE AUTISM CONSORTIUM, DALY MJ, CHAKRAVARTI A, BRUNE CW, WEST K, O'CONNOR A, HILTON G, TOMLINSON RL, WEST AB, COOK EH JR, CHAKRAVARTI A, WEISS LA, GREEN T, CHANG SC, GABRIEL S, GATES C, HANSON EM, KIRBY A, KORN J, KURUVILLA F, MCCARROLL S, MORROW EM, NEALE B, PURCELL S, SASANFAR R, SOUGNEZ C, STEVENS C, ALTSHULER D, GUSELLA J, SANTANGELO SL, SKLAR P, TANZI R, DALY MJ, ANNEY R, BAILEY AJ, BAIRD G, BATTAGLIA A, BERNEY T, BETANCUR C, BÖLTE S, BOLTON PF, BRIAN J, BRYSON SE, BUXBAUM JD, CABRITO I, CAI G, CANTOR RM, COOK EH JR, COON H, CONROY J, CORREIA C, CORSELLO C, CRAWFORD EL, CUCCARO ML, DAWSON G, DE JONGE M, DEVLIN B, DUKETIS E, ENNIS S, ESTES A, FARRAR P, FOMBONNE E, FREITAG CM, GALLAGHER L, GESCHWIND DH, GILBERT J, GILL M, GILLBERG C, GOLDBERG J, GREEN A, GREEN J, GUTER SJ, HAINES JL, HALLMAYER JF, HUS V, KLAUCK SM, KORVATSKA O, LAMB JA, LASKAWIEC M, LEBOYER M, COUTEUR AL, LEVENTHAL BL, LIU XQ, LORD C, LOTSPEICH LJ, MAESTRINI E, MAGALHAES T, MAHONEY W, MANTOULAN C, MCCONACHIE H, MCDOUGLE CJ, MCMAHON WM, MARSHALL CR, MILLER J, MINSHEW NJ, MONACO AP, MUNSON J, NURNBERGER JI JR, OLIVEIRA G, PAGNAMENTA A, PAPANIKOLAOU K, PARR JR, PATERSON AD, PERICAK-VANCE MA, PICKLES A, PINTO D, PIVEN J, POSEY DJ, POUSTKA A, POUSTKA F, REGAN R, REICHERT J, RENSHAW K, ROBERTS W, ROGE B, RUTTER ML, SALT J, SCHELLENBERG GD, SCHERER SW, SHEFFIELD V, SUTCLIFFE JS, SZATMARI P, TANSEY K, THOMPSON AP, TSIANTIS J, VAN ENGELAND H, VICENTE AM, VIELAND VJ, VOLKMAR F, WALLACE S, WASSINK TH, WIJSMAN EM, WING K, WITTEMEYER K, YASPAN BL, ZWAIGENBAUM L, MORROW EM, YOO SY, HILL RS, MUKADDES NM, BALKHY S, GASCON G, AL-SAAD S, HASHMI A, WARE J, JOSEPH RM, LECLAIR E, PARTLOW JN, BARRY B, WALSH CA, PAULS D, MOILANEN I, EBELING H, MATTILA ML, KUUSIKKO S, JUSSILA K, IGNATIUS J, SASANFAR R, TOLOUEI A, GHADAMI M, ROSTAMI M, HOSSEINIPOUR A, VALUJERDI M, SANTANGELO SL, ANDRESEN K, WINKLOSKI B, HADDAD S, KUNKEL L, KOHANE Z, TRAN T, KONG SW, O'NEIL SB, HANSON EM, HUNDLEY R, HOLM I, PETERS H, BARONI E, CANGIALOSE A, JACKSON L, ALBERS L, BECKER R, BRIDGEMOHAN C, FRIEDMAN S, MUNIR K, NAZIR R, PALFREY J, SCHONWALD A, SIMMONS E, RAPPAPORT LA, GAUTHIER J, MOTTRON L, JOOBER R, FOMBONNE E, ROULEAU G, REHNSTROM K, VON WENDT L, PELTONEN L.
Subjects: Perturbação Autística, Internationality, Genetic Linkage, Genome-wide association study, MESH: Semaphorins, Semaphorins, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Heritability of autism, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins, Association mapping, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Brain, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, MESH: Membrane Proteins, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, MESH: Autistic Disorder, MESH: Genetic Linkage, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, Genetic linkage, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Autistic Disorder, MESH: Sample Size, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Membrane Proteins, medicine.disease, Sample Size, Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, MESH: Internationality, Autism, MESH: Chromosome Mapping, Predisposição Genética para Doença, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Member of the Autism Genome Project Consortium: Astrid M. Vicente Although autism is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, attempts to identify specific susceptibility genes have thus far met with limited success. Genome-wide association studies using half a million or more markers, particularly those with very large sample sizes achieved through meta-analysis, have shown great success in mapping genes for other complex genetic traits. Consequently, we initiated a linkage and association mapping study using half a million genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a common set of 1,031 multiplex autism families (1,553 affected offspring). We identified regions of suggestive and significant linkage on chromosomes 6q27 and 20p13, respectively. Initial analysis did not yield genome-wide significant associations; however, genotyping of top hits in additional families revealed an SNP on chromosome 5p15 (between SEMA5A and TAS2R1) that was significantly associated with autism (P = 2 x 10(-7)). We also demonstrated that expression of SEMA5A is reduced in brains from autistic patients, further implicating SEMA5A as an autism susceptibility gene. The linkage regions reported here provide targets for rare variation screening whereas the discovery of a single novel association demonstrates the action of common variants.
Published: 2009

17. Planning a cluster randomized trial with unequal cluster sizes: practical issues involving continuous outcomes

Author: Lydia Guittet, Bruno Giraudeau, Philippe Ravaud, Département d'épidémiologie, biostatistique et recherche clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Modèles et méthodes de l'évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques (U738 / UMR_S738), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), CIC - Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biostatistique et épidemiologie clinique, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The work was funded by a grant from the Foundation for Medical research (FRM)., and Autard, Delphine
Subjects: Intraclass correlation, Epidemiology, Health Informatics, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Minimum-variance unbiased estimator, Bias, MESH: Analysis of Variance, Statistics, Cluster (physics), Econometrics, Confidence Intervals, Medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cluster randomised controlled trial, 0101 mathematics, MESH: Sample Size, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MESH: Treatment Outcome, lcsh:R5-920, Analysis of Variance, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Research Design, MESH: Comparative Study, MESH: Randomized Controlled Trials, MESH: Bias (Epidemiology), MESH: Confidence Intervals, MESH: Cluster Analysis, Confidence interval, Treatment Outcome, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sample size determination, Research Design, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Sample Size, Cluster size, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Analysis of variance, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, Research Article
Abstract: Background Cluster randomization design is increasingly used for the evaluation of health-care, screeening or educational interventions. At the planning stage, sample size calculations usually consider an average cluster size without taking into account any potential imbalance in cluster size. However, there may exist high discrepancies in cluster sizes. Methods We performed simulations to study the impact of an imbalance in cluster size on power. We determined by simulations to which extent four methods proposed to adapt the sample size calculations to a pre-specified imbalance in cluster size could lead to adequately powered trials. Results We showed that an imbalance in cluster size can be of high influence on the power in the case of severe imbalance, particularly if the number of clusters is low and/or the intraclass correlation coefficient is high. In the case of a severe imbalance, our simulations confirmed that the minimum variance weights correction of the variation inflaction factor (VIF) used in the sample size calculations has the best properties. Conclusion Publication of cluster sizes is important to assess the real power of the trial which was conducted and to help designing future trials. We derived an adaptation of the VIF from the minimum variance weights correction to be used in case the imbalance can be a priori formulated such as "a proportion (γ) of clusters actually recruit a proportion (τ) of subjects to be included (γ ≤ τ)".
Published: 2006

18. Electronic sorting and recovery of single live cells from microlitre sized samples

Author: Luigi Altomare, Christian L. Villiers, Mélanie Abonnenc, Francois Chatelain, Patrice N. Marche, D. Freida, Alexandra Fuchs, Roberto Guerrieri, Gianni Medoro, Dorra Guergour, Aldo Romani, Isabelle Chartier, Marco Tartagni, Nicolò Manaresi, Marche, Patrice, Laboratoire Biopuces (BIOPUCES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems for Information and Communication Technologies E. De Castro [Bologna] (ARCES), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Silicon Biosystems, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Contrôle moléculaire de la réponse immune specifique, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This project was funded by the European Commission (MeDICS project, EU grant IST-2001-32437), and is supported by Italian Ministry of Research under FIRB project., A.B. Fuch, A. Romani, D. Freida, G. Medoro, M. Abonnenc, L. Altomare, I. Chartier, D. Guergour, C. Villier, P.N. Marche, M. Tartagni, R. Guerrieri, F. Chatelain, and N. Manaresi
Subjects: Thousand cells, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Cell Survival, Population, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, Cell Separation, 02 engineering and technology, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, MESH: Cell Separation, Electrophoresis, Microchip, Cell therapy, MESH: Cell Proliferation, MESH: Electrophoresis, Microchip, education, cell sorting, MESH: Sample Size, Cell Proliferation, dielectrophoresis, education.field_of_study, Cell growth, 010401 analytical chemistry, Sorting, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chip, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, MESH: Cell Survival, Sample Size, Stem cell, 0210 nano-technology, cell chip, Cell based
Abstract: International audience; Sorting and recovering specific live cells from samples containing less than a few thousand cells have become major hurdles in rare cell exploration such as stem cell research, cell therapy and cell based diagnostics. We describe here a new technology based on a microelectronic chip integrating an array of over 100,000 independent electrodes and sensors which allow individual and parallel single cell manipulation of up to 10,000 cells while maintaining viability and proliferation capabilities. Manipulation is carried out using dynamic dielectrophoretic traps controlled by an electronic interface. We also demonstrate the capabilities of the chip by sorting and recovering individual live fluorescent cells from an unlabeled population.
Published: 2006

19. Sampling conditions of 3D parallel and fan-beam x-ray CT with application to helical tomography

Author: Pierre Grangeat, Sébastien Roux, Laurent Desbat, Anne Koenig, Desbat, Laurent, Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur (TIMC-IMAG-GMCAO), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), GMCAO, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI)
Subjects: MESH: Subtraction Technique, Information Storage and Retrieval, MESH: Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted, Mathematics, Signal processing, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Phantoms, Imaging, Detector, Sampling (statistics), Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, [MATH.MATH-NA] Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], 010101 applied mathematics, Radiographic Image Enhancement, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Line (geometry), symbols, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Tomography, Algorithm, Algorithms, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], MESH: Algorithms, MESH: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Optics, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, MESH: Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 0101 mathematics, MESH: Sample Size, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, business.industry, Numerical analysis, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Information Storage and Retrieval, Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, Fourier transform, MESH: Phantoms, Imaging, Sample Size, Subtraction Technique, MESH: Radiographic Image Enhancement, MESH: Tomography, Spiral Computed, business, Tomography, Spiral Computed, Beam (structure)
Abstract: We give the sampling conditions of the 3D fan-beam x-ray transform (3DFBXRT). The motivation of this work lies in the fact that helical tomography with a single detector line is simply a sampling of this transform under the helical constraint. We give a precise description of the geometry of the essential support of the 3DFBXRT Fourier transform and show how to derive efficient sampling schemes. We then give efficient sampling schemes in parallel helical tomography. We present numerical experiments showing that efficient sampling on hexagonal interlaced schemes yields better reconstructions than the standard schemes in both parallel helical tomography (using QDO) and 3DFBXRT. We discuss the practical drawbacks and advantages of these efficient schemes and the possible extension to fan-beam helical CT.
Published: 2004

20. Addressing the Challenge of Defining Valid Proteomic Biomarkers and Classifiers

Author: Harald Mischak, Marion Haubitz, Mohammed Dakna, Joost P. Schanstra, Keith Harris, Sebastien Carpentier, Alexandros Kalousis, Walter Kolch, Antonia Vlahou, Mark Girolami, Mosaiques diagnostics and therapeutics, Water and Environment Research Group, University of Glasgow-School of Engineering, Computer Science Department, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Glasgow, Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute, Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Nephrology (MHH), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (BHF GCRC), University of Glasgow-Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Department of Statistical Science, University College of London [London] (UCL), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: urinary proteome, MESH: Electrophoresis, Capillary, Male, Proteomics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, sample-size, computer.software_genre, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, Structural Biology, Resampling, verification bias, Statistical analysis, lcsh:QH301-705.5, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], dna microarray data, MESH: Proteomics, Applied Mathematics, MESH: Reference Values, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Computer Science Applications, Wilcoxon-test, MESH: Young Adult, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], lcsh:R858-859.7, Female, Data mining, proteomic biomarkers, Algorithms, Research Article, Adult, MESH: Algorithms, Biology, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], cancer, Humans, biomarker definition, Molecular Biology, MESH: Sample Size, 030304 developmental biology, Biomarker Identification, MESH: Mass Spectrometry, disease, MESH: Humans, MESH: Biological Markers, Electrophoresis, Capillary, MESH: Adult, mass-spectrometry, MESH: Male, Data set, clinical proteomics, lcsh:Biology (General), Sample size determination, Sample Size, Verification bias, Potential biomarkers, Multiple comparisons problem, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], serum, MESH: Female, computer, discovery, Biomarkers
Abstract: Background The purpose of this manuscript is to provide, based on an extensive analysis of a proteomic data set, suggestions for proper statistical analysis for the discovery of sets of clinically relevant biomarkers. As tractable example we define the measurable proteomic differences between apparently healthy adult males and females. We choose urine as body-fluid of interest and CE-MS, a thoroughly validated platform technology, allowing for routine analysis of a large number of samples. The second urine of the morning was collected from apparently healthy male and female volunteers (aged 21-40) in the course of the routine medical check-up before recruitment at the Hannover Medical School. Results We found that the Wilcoxon-test is best suited for the definition of potential biomarkers. Adjustment for multiple testing is necessary. Sample size estimation can be performed based on a small number of observations via resampling from pilot data. Machine learning algorithms appear ideally suited to generate classifiers. Assessment of any results in an independent test-set is essential. Conclusions Valid proteomic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis only can be defined by applying proper statistical data mining procedures. In particular, a justification of the sample size should be part of the study design.
Published: 2010
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20 results on '"MESH: Sample Size"'

1. A stratified adaptive two-stage design with co-primary endpoints for phase II clinical oncology trials

2. Using large-scale respondent driven sampling to monitor the end of an HIV epidemic among persons who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Viet Nam

3. Covariate Selection for Association Screening in Multi-Phenotype Genetic studies

4. The Value of Molecular vs. Morphometric and Acoustic Information for Species Identification Using Sympatric Molossid Bats

5. Commentary on 'A roadmap for the prevention of dementia II. Leon Thal Symposium 2008.' The Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT): A new approach to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease

6. A nonparametric method for penetrance function estimation

7. Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for imported malaria in clinical practice: results of a national multicenter study

8. [Evaluation of preoperative non-invasive ventilation in thoracic surgery for lung cancer: the preOVNI study GFPC 12-01]

9. Increased Rate of Twins among Affected Sibling Pairs with Autism

10. Non-local MRI upsampling

11. Multifaceted intervention to decrease the rate of severe postpartum haemorrhage: the PITHAGORE6 cluster-randomised controlled trial

12. Multifaceted intervention to decrease the rate of severe postpartum haemorrhage: the PITHAGORE6 cluster-randomised controlled trial.: Intervention to decrease severe postpartum haemorrhage

13. Genome-wide meta-analysis of joint tests for genetic and gene-environment interaction effects

14. Identifying common prognostic factors in genomic cancer studies: a novel index for censored outcomes

15. PRALIMAP: study protocol for a high school-based, factorial cluster randomised interventional trial of three overweight and obesity prevention strategies

16. A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism

17. Planning a cluster randomized trial with unequal cluster sizes: practical issues involving continuous outcomes

18. Electronic sorting and recovery of single live cells from microlitre sized samples

19. Sampling conditions of 3D parallel and fan-beam x-ray CT with application to helical tomography

20. Addressing the Challenge of Defining Valid Proteomic Biomarkers and Classifiers

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20 results on '"MESH: Sample Size"'

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