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10 results on '"MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus"'

1. Discussion on: A 10-year survey of fungal aerocontamination in hospital corridors: a reliable sentinel to predict fungal exposure risk?

Author

Gabriel Reboux, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Service d’Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Air microbiology, Air Microbiology, MESH : Air Microbiology, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Air Microbiology, medicine, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Fungal exposure, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, biology, business.industry, MESH : Humans, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, Emergency medicine, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, business
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015
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2. Surveillance and management of Echinococcus multilocularis in a wildlife park

Author

Jean-Marc Boucher, Frédéric Grenouillet, Amandine Guenon, Damien Montange, Vanessa Hormaz, Franck Boué, Jennifer Lahoreau, Gérald Umhang, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'Alimentation, de l'environnement et du Travail ( ANSES ), ANSES, Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers ( LGP2 ), Centre Technique du Papier ( CTP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -École Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers (LGP2 ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Foxes, Captivity, Lemur catta, Serology, Feces, MESH : Antigens, Fungal, 0302 clinical medicine, Parasite hosting, MESH : Female, MESH : Environmental Monitoring, biology, Arvicolinae, 030108 mycology & parasitology, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, Intestines, MESH : Air Pollution, Indoor, Infectious Diseases, Liver, Epidemiological Monitoring, MESH: Inhalation Exposure, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, medicine.drug, Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH: Cystic Fibrosis, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Animals, Wild, Rodentia, Echinococcus multilocularis, Albendazole, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, Echinococcosis, MESH : Cystic Fibrosis, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, MESH : France, MESH: Antigens, Fungal, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Humans, Lemur, MESH : Humans, MESH : Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH: France, Metacestode, MESH: Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, Parasitology, MESH : Inhalation Exposure, MESH: Air Pollution, Indoor, MESH : DNA, Fungal, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; The fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a severe zoonotic disease that may be fatal if untreated. A broad spectrum of mammalian species may be accidentally infected even in captivity. In April 2011, liver lesions due to E. multilocularis were observed during the necropsy of a captive-born nutria (Myocastor coypus) in a French wildlife park, leading to initiation of a study to survey the parasite's presence in the park. A comparable environmental contamination with fox's feces infected by E. multilocularis was reported inside (17.8%) and outside (20.6%) the park. E. multilocularis worms were found in the intestines of three of the five roaming foxes shot in the park. Coprological analyses of potential definitive hosts in captivity (fox, lynx, wildcat, genet, wolf, bear and raccoon) revealed infection in one Eurasian wolf. Voles trapped inside the park also had a high prevalence of 5.3%. After diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in a Lemur catta during necropsy, four other cases in L. catta were detected by a combination of ultrasound and serology. These animals were treated twice daily with albendazole. The systematic massive metacestode development and numerous protoscoleces in L. catta confirmed their particular sensitivity to E. multilocularis infection. The autochthonous origin of the infection in all the captive animals infected was genetically confirmed by EmsB microsatellite analysis. Preventive measures were implemented to avoid the presence of roaming foxes, contact with potential definitive hosts and contaminated food sources for potential intermediate hosts.

Published
2016

3. Infection-Mediated Priming of Phagocytes Protects against Lethal Secondary Aspergillus fumigatus Challenge

Author

Oumaïma Ibrahim-Granet, Amélie Savers, Bernhard Ryffel, Marianna Parlato, Gérard Eberl, Grégory Jouvion, Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Orhan Rasid, Matthias Brock, Cytokines et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur [Paris], School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK ( UON ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires ( INEM ), Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Développement des Tissus Lymphoïdes, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), This work was supported by funding from Institut Pasteur PTR 468 to OIG and AS, and the Transregio 124 'FungiNet' project A3 to AS and MB., University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunologie et Neurogénétique Expérimentales et Moléculaires (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and BENEDIC, Bénédicte

Subjects
MESH : Bone Marrow, MESH : Spores, Fungal, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Cytokines, MESH: Flow Cytometry, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aspergillosis, MESH: Phagocytes, Aspergillus fumigatus, Animal Cells, MESH : Aspergillosis, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, skin and connective tissue diseases, Lung, Disease Resistance, Fungal Pathogens, Phagocytes, Innate Immune System, MESH: Cytokines, Flow Cytometry, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillus, Blood, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Aspergillus Fumigatus, Medical Microbiology, Spectrophotometry, Cytokines, MESH: Bone Marrow, Cytophotometry, Cellular Types, MESH : Receptors, Interleukin-8B, Immune Cells, Phagocytosis, Immunology, 030106 microbiology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial Pathogens, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Blood Cells, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Macrophages, lcsh:R, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Molecular Development, medicine.disease, Molds (Fungi), Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, Developmental Biology, 0301 basic medicine, Chemokine, Neutrophils, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Receptors, Interleukin-8B, White Blood Cells, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Bone Marrow, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immune Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH : Lectins, C-Type, CXC chemokine receptors, MESH : Host-Pathogen Interactions, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Multidisciplinary, Bone Marrow/immunology/metabolism, biology, MESH: Receptors, Interleukin-8B, Hematology, Spores, Fungal, MESH: Chemokines, Body Fluids, Cytokine, Cell Processes, Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH : Phagocytes, Aspergillus fumigatus/immunology, Chemokines, Pathogens, Anatomy, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, Research Article, MESH : Flow Cytometry, MESH : Lung, MESH: Mice, Inbred BALB C, MESH: Disease Resistance, Mycology, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, Research and Analysis Methods, Immune system, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Spores, Fungal, medicine, MESH : Disease Resistance, Animals, Lectins, C-Type, MESH: Lung, MESH : Chemokines, MESH: Aspergillosis, MESH : Mice, Inbred BALB C, Innate immune system, Fungi, Cell Biology, Aspergillosis/immunology/microbiology, biology.organism_classification, Immune System, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, physiology, biology.protein, MESH : Mice, Knockout, MESH : Animals, MESH: Lectins, C-Type
Abstract

International audience; Phagocytes restrict the germination of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and prevent the establishment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunecompetent mice. Here we report that immunecompetent mice recovering from a primary A. fumigatus challenge are protected against a secondary lethal challenge. Using RAGγc knock-out mice we show that this protection is independent of T, B and NK cells. In protected mice, lung phagocytes are recruited more rapidly and are more efficient in conidial phagocytosis and killing. Protection was also associated with an enhanced expression of CXCR2 and Dectin-1 on bone marrow phagocytes. We also show that protective lung cytokine and chemokine responses are induced more rapidly and with enhanced dynamics in protected mice. Our findings support the hypothesis that following a first encounter with a non-lethal dose of A. fumigatus conidia, the innate immune system is primed and can mediate protection against a secondary lethal infection.

Published
2016
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4. SUN proteins belong to a novel family of β-(1,3)-glucan-modifying enzymes involved in fungal morphogenesis

Author

Christine Schmitt, Christophe d'Enfert, Audrey Nesseir, Anne Beauvais, Patrick England, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Rémi Beau, Arnaud Firon, Marie-Christine Prévost, Amandine Gastebois, Sophie Bachellier-Bassi, Jean-Paul Latgé, Isabelle Mouyna, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Microscopie ultrastructurale (plate-forme), Biochimie et Biophysique des Macromolécules (Plate-forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by grants from the European Commission (Galar Fungail 2, MRTN-CT-2003-504148, FINSysB, PITN-GA-2008-214004) (to C. d. E.) and the European Science Foundation (ESF) Fuminomics, Partenariat Sanofi-aventis-Aviesan (ITMO Maladies Infectieuses, Sanofi Aventis Research & Development TSU ID (SAR&D) TSU ID/Sanofi-Pasteur), and Agence Nationale de Recherches (ANR) (Grant 09-BLAN-0287) (to J. P. L.), ANR-09-BLAN-0287,REMODELE,Nouvelles voies métaboliques essentielles pour la biosynthèse de la paroi des champignons(2009), European Project: 214004,PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2007-1-1-ITN,FINSYSB(2008), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques (BPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biophysique des macromolécules et de leurs interactions, ANR Grant 09-BLAN-0287,ANR Grant 09-BLAN-0287,Grant 09-BLAN-0287, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Institut Pasteur [Paris], Microscopie ultrastructurale - Ultrapole (CITECH), Biophysique des macromolécules et leurs interactions, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hyphal growth, MESH : Spores, Fungal, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, Glycosylation, MESH: Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Conidiation, Gene Expression, Oligosaccharides, Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, Biochemistry, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cell Wall, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Candida albicans, Morphogenesis, MESH : Fungal Proteins, skin and connective tissue diseases, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, integumentary system, MESH : Amino Acid Sequence, Hydrolysis, MESH : Glycosylation, Glucan Hydrolase Activity, SUN, MESH : Protein Binding, MESH : Glycoside Hydrolases, Spores, Fungal, MESH: Glycosylation, MESH : Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillus, CELL-WALL BIOGENESIS, MOTOR-LIKE DOMAIN, ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS, CANDIDA-ALBICANS, SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE, SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE, BIOFILM FORMATION, BETA-GLUCOSIDASE, CHITIN SYNTHASES, GENE, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, MESH: Hydrolysis, Protein Binding, CAZy, MESH: Gene Expression, Hypha, MESH : Candida albicans, Glycoside Hydrolases, Molecular Sequence Data, Hyphae, MESH: Glycoproteins, Biology, Microbiology, Cell wall, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Hydrolysis, MESH: Hyphae, MESH: Spores, Fungal, MESH : Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, MESH: Glycoside Hydrolases, MESH: Protein Binding, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Glycoproteins, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Candida albicans, MESH : Oligosaccharides, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, MESH : Glycoproteins, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Yeast, MESH: Morphogenesis, MESH : Gene Expression, MESH : Morphogenesis, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Protein Processing, Post-Translational, MESH : Hyphae, Carbohydrate-binding Protein, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, MESH: Oligosaccharides, Biogenesis
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:SUN proteins are involved in yeast morphogenesis, but their function is unknown.RESULTS:SUN protein plays a role in the Aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis. Biochemical properties of recombinant SUN proteins were elucidated.CONCLUSION:Both Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus sun proteins show a β-(1,3)-glucanase activity.SIGNIFICANCE:The mode of action of SUN proteins on β-(1,3)-glucan is unique, new, and original. In yeasts, the family of SUN proteins has been involved in cell wall biogenesis. Here, we report the characterization of SUN proteins in a filamentous fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. The function of the two A. fumigatus SUN genes was investigated by combining reverse genetics and biochemistry. During conidial swelling and mycelial growth, the expression of AfSUN1 was strongly induced, whereas the expression of AfSUN2 was not detectable. Deletion of AfSUN1 negatively affected hyphal growth and conidiation. A closer examination of the morphological defects revealed swollen hyphae, leaky tips, intrahyphal growth, and double cell wall, suggesting that, like in yeast, AfSun1p is associated with cell wall biogenesis. In contrast to AfSUN1, deletion of AfSUN2 either in the parental strain or in the AfSUN1 single mutant strain did not affect colony and hyphal morphology. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant AfSun1p and Candida albicans Sun41p showed that both proteins had a unique hydrolysis pattern: acting on β-(1,3)-oligomers from dimer up to insoluble β-(1,3)-glucan. Referring to the CAZy database, it is clear that fungal SUN proteins represent a new family of glucan hydrolases (GH132) and play an important morphogenetic role in fungal cell wall biogenesis and septation.

Published
2013
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5. Contribution of a cyclonic-based liquid air collector for detecting Aspergillus fumigatus by QPCR in air samples

Author

Emeline Scherer, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Laurence Millon, Mallory Vacheyrou, Gabriel Reboux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU Besançon, and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon )

Subjects
Air sampling, Bone marrow transplant, medicine.medical_specialty, Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Occupational Exposure, Aspergillus fumigatus, law.invention, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Liquid air, Internal medicine, Occupational Exposure, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Environmental Monitoring, DNA, Fungal, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymerase chain reaction, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Hematology, biology, 030306 microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH : Occupational Exposure, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH : DNA, Fungal, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Fungal infections represent a constant threat in hospitals, especially for high-risk patients hospitalized in hematology and bone marrow transplant units. While routine air sampling to predict the ...

Published
2012
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6. Characterization of a new β(1-3)glucan branching activity of Aspergillus fumigatus

Author

Isabelle Mouyna, Jean-Paul Latgé, Cécile Clavaud, Amandine Gastebois, Thierry Fontaine, Muriel Delepierre, Catherine Simenel, Bernadette Coddeville, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 ( UGSF ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Glycosylation, beta-Glucans, MESH : beta-Glucans, MESH: Cellulases, Mutant, Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices, MESH : Blotting, Western, MESH : Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Biochemistry, Beta-glucan, Aspergillus fumigatus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, MESH: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, MESH : Fungal Proteins, Cellulases, Laminaribiose, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: beta-Glucans, Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase, MESH : Glycosylation, Oligosaccharide, MESH: Glycosylation, MESH: Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase, MESH : Phenotype, Phenotype, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH : Mutation, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Mutation, Blotting, Western, MESH : Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, MESH : Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, MESH: Phenotype, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Fungal Proteins, Cell wall, MESH : Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cell Wall, MESH: Blotting, Western, MESH: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Molecular Biology, MESH : Cell Wall, 030304 developmental biology, Aspergillus, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030306 microbiology, MESH : Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Enzyme, chemistry, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, Mutation, MESH : Cellulases, [ SDV.BBM.BS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], MESH: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Abstract

International audience; A new HPLC method was developed to separate linear from beta(1-6)-branched beta(1-3)-glucooligosaccharides. This methodology has permitted the isolation of the first fungal beta(1-6)/beta(1-3)-glucan branching transglycosidase using a cell wall autolysate of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). The encoding gene, AfBGT2 is an ortholog of AfBGT1, another transglycosidase of A. fumigatus previously analyzed (Mouyna, I., Hartland, R. P., Fontaine, T., Diaquin, M., Simenel, C., Delepierre, M., Henrissat, B., and Latgé, J. P. (1998) Microbiology 144, 3171-3180). Both enzymes release laminaribiose from the reducing end of a beta(1-3)-linked oligosaccharide and transfer the remaining chain to another molecule of the original substrate. The AfBgt1p transfer occurs at C-6 of the non-reducing end group of the acceptor, creating a kinked beta(1-3;1-6) linear molecule. The AfBgt2p transfer takes place at the C-6 of an internal group of the acceptor, resulting in a beta(1-3)-linked product with a beta(1-6)-linked side branch. The single Afbgt2 mutant and the double Afbgt1/Afbgt2 mutant in A. fumigatus did not display any cell wall phenotype showing that these activities were not responsible for the construction of the branched beta(1-3)-glucans of the cell wall.

Published
2010
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7. Surface hydrophobin prevents immune recognition of airborne fungal spores

Author

Axel A. Brakhage, Jagadeesh Bayry, Jean-Paul Latgé, Cécile Clavaud, Sriramulu Elluru, Srini V. Kaveri, Sophie Paris, Silvia Bozza, Luigina Romani, Olaf Kniemeyer, Katia Perruccio, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Hans Knoell Institute), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University (LIU), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Perugia - Italy, University of Perugia, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aimanianda, Vishukumar, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH : Spores, Fungal, MESH: Macrophages, Alveolar, MESH : Hydrofluoric Acid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Galactosaminogalactan, Air Microbiology, Lymphocyte Activation, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Aspergillus fumigatus, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH : Antigens, Fungal, Mice, MESH: Air Microbiology, MESH : Fungal Proteins, MESH: Animals, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH : Allergens, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Fungal protein, Multidisciplinary, biology, MESH: Dendritic Cells, MESH: Antigens, Plant, MESH : Adoptive Transfer, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Spores, Fungal, Adoptive Transfer, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH : Macrophages, Alveolar, MESH : CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: Fungal Proteins, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium, MESH: Cells, Cultured, MESH: Allergens, Antigens, Fungal, Hydrophobin, MESH : Air Microbiology, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH : Cathepsins, Hydrofluoric Acid, Microbiology, MESH: Hydrofluoric Acid, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Spores, Fungal, MESH : Mice, MESH : Cells, Cultured, Macrophages, Alveolar, Animals, Humans, MESH: Lymphocyte Activation, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, MESH: Mice, MESH : Lymphocyte Activation, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Antigens, Fungal, [ SDV.IMM.II ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, MESH: Immune System, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030306 microbiology, fungi, MESH : Humans, Dendritic cell, Dendritic Cells, Allergens, Antigens, Plant, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cathepsins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Adoptive Transfer, MESH : Antigens, Plant, chemistry, MESH : Dendritic Cells, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, Immune System, MESH: Cathepsins, MESH : Immune System, MESH : Animals
Abstract

International audience; The air we breathe is filled with thousands of fungal spores (conidia) per cubic metre, which in certain composting environments can easily exceed 10(9) per cubic metre. They originate from more than a hundred fungal species belonging mainly to the genera Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria and Aspergillus. Although these conidia contain many antigens and allergens, it is not known why airborne fungal microflora do not activate the host innate immune cells continuously and do not induce detrimental inflammatory responses following their inhalation. Here we show that the surface layer on the dormant conidia masks their recognition by the immune system and hence prevents immune response. To explore this, we used several fungal members of the airborne microflora, including the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, in in vitro assays with dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages and in in vivo murine experiments. In A. fumigatus, this surface 'rodlet layer' is composed of hydrophobic RodA protein covalently bound to the conidial cell wall through glycosylphosphatidylinositol-remnants. RodA extracted from conidia of A. fumigatus was immunologically inert and did not induce dendritic cell or alveolar macrophage maturation and activation, and failed to activate helper T-cell immune responses in vivo. The removal of this surface 'rodlet/hydrophobin layer' either chemically (using hydrofluoric acid), genetically (DeltarodA mutant) or biologically (germination) resulted in conidial morphotypes inducing immune activation. All these observations show that the hydrophobic rodlet layer on the conidial cell surface immunologically silences airborne moulds.

Published
2009
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8. Aspergillus fumigatus germ tube growth and not conidia ingestion induces expression of inflammatory mediator genes in the human lung epithelial cell line A549

Author

Stéphane Bretagne, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Ingrid Laurendeau, Laurence Millon, Ivan Bièche, Françoise Botterel, D Rivollet, Michel Vidaud, Khaled Khoufache, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Genetique Moleculaire des Cancers d'Origine Epitheliale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Curie [Paris], Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -INSTITUT CURIE

Subjects
MESH : Cell Line, MESH : Spores, Fungal, Necrosis, MESH : Respiratory Mucosa, MESH : Cytokines, Penicillium chrysogenum, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Respiratory Mucosa, MESH : Immunosuppressive Agents, skin and connective tissue diseases, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Cytokines, biology, Interleukin, General Medicine, Spores, Fungal, MESH : Epithelial Cells, MESH: Epithelial Cells, Cytokines, Steroids, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, MESH: Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.symptom, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Penicillium chrysogenum, Immunosuppressive Agents, Microbiology (medical), MESH : Penicillium chrysogenum, Inflammation, Respiratory Mucosa, Microbiology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Spores, Fungal, medicine, Humans, Interleukin 8, 030304 developmental biology, A549 cell, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Gene Expression Profiling, MESH : Gene Expression Profiling, MESH : Humans, Epithelial Cells, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Steroids, MESH: Cell Line, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, Respiratory epithelium, MESH : Steroids
Abstract

Inhalation of conidia is the main cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and the respiratory epithelium is the first line of defence. To explore the triggering factor for the inflammatory response toAspergillus fumigatus, the species mainly responsible for IPA, this study analysed the differential expression of three inflammatory genes in A549 cells after challenge with live and killed conidia. The influence of steroids, one of the main risk factors for developing IPA, was also investigated. Quantification of mRNAs of the inflammatory mediator genes encoding interleukin (IL)-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-αand granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was carried out using real-time PCR. Ingestion rates were studied for the conidia ofA. fumigatusandPenicillium chrysogenumusing a fluorescence brightener. Similar results were obtained for both species, with ingestion rates ranging from 35 to 40 %. Exposure of A549 cells to liveA. fumigatusconidia only induced a four- to fivefold increase in the mRNA levels of the three genes, starting 8 h after the initial contact. Both inactivation of liveA. fumigatusconidia and treatment by dexamethasone (10−7 M) prevented the overexpression of TNF-α, IL-8 and GM-CSF. Fungal growth, rather than conidia ingestion, appears to be the main stimulus for the production of inflammatory mediators by epithelial cells, and this production is inhibited by steroid therapy. These results underline the role that the epithelium plays in the innate response against IPA.

Published
2009
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9. A 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase isolated from the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus is a homologue of the yeast Bgl2p

Author

Mouyna , Isabelle, Hartland , Robbert P., Fontaine , Thierry, Diaquin , Michel, Simenel , Catherine, Delepierre , Murielle, Henrissat , Bernard, Latgé , Jean-Paul, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques ( AFMB ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and The authors thank J. d’Alayer for performing the amino acid sequencing and J. Lemoine for the matrix-assisted de- sorption/time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. I. Mouyna and R. Hartland made equal contributions to the work published.

Subjects
MESH : Chromatography, Ion Exchange, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Cloning, Molecular, MESH : Candida albicans, MESH : Amino Acid Sequence, MESH : Sequence Alignment, MESH : Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase, MESH : Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MESH : Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, MESH : Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH : Genes, Fungal, MESH : DNA, Fungal, MESH : Transformation, Genetic, skin and connective tissue diseases, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH : Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH : Cell Wall
Abstract

International audience; A 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase which introduces intrachain 1,6-beta linkages into 1,3-beta-glucan was isolated from the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus. The biochemical and molecular characterization of the A. fumigatus transferase showed it was homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans transferase Bgl2p. A null mutant constructed in A. fumigatus by gene replacement did not show a distinct phenotype from the parental strain. The putative function of this major cell-wall-associated protein is discussed.

Published
1998
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10. Galactosaminogalactan, a New Immunosuppressive Polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus

Author

Silvia Moretti, Markus Aebi, Jean-Paul Latgé, Muriel Delepierre, Flavio Schwarz, Aurélie Delangle, Sandra J. van Vliet, Catherine Simenel, Yvette van Kooyk, Bernadette Coddeville, Coline Trichot, Luigina Romani, Silvia Bozza, Carole Elbim, Thierry Fontaine, Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Immunité et Infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR113-Sorbonne Université (SU), This work was partly supported by a grant from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-EMPB-011-01) and by European grants Allfun, Fungwall, ANRpathogenomics. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., ANR-06-EMPB-0011,GALNACGAL,Développement d'un nouveau test de diagnostic de l'aspergillose(2006), European Project: 260338,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,ALLFUN(2010), European Project: 511952,FUNGWALL(2005), European Project: 27618,PATHOGENOMICS, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 ( UGSF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), Università degli Studi di Perugia ( UNIPG ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), This work was partly supported by a grant from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-EMPB-011-01) and by European grants Allfun, Fungwall, ANRpathogenomics., ANR-06-EMPB-0011,GALNACGAL,Développement d'un nouveau test de diagnostic de l'aspergillose ( 2006 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), CCA - Immuno-pathogenesis, Molecular cell biology and Immunology, Andriakoto, Nirina, Emergence et maturation de projets de biotechnologie à fort potentiel de valorisation (EMPB) - Développement d'un nouveau test de diagnostic de l'aspergillose - - GALNACGAL2006 - ANR-06-EMPB-0011 - EMPB - VALID, Fungi in the setting of inflammation, allergy and autoimmune diseases:Translating basic science into clinical practices - ALLFUN - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2010-12-01 - 2014-05-31 - 260338 - VALID, The Fungal cell wall as a target for antifungal therapies - FUNGWALL - 2005-01-01 - 2007-12-31 - 511952 - OLD, and Trans-European cooperation and coordination of genome sequencing and functional genomics of human-pathogenic microorganisms - PATHOGENOMICS - 27618 - OLD

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, MESH : Polysaccharides, Galactosaminogalactan, Apoptosis, MESH: Neutrophils, Biochemistry, Epitope, Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH : Neutrophils, Epitopes, Mice, MESH : Antigens, Fungal, Cell Wall, MESH : Antibodies, Fungal, MESH : Aspergillosis, MESH: Animals, Fungal Biochemistry, MESH : Immunosuppressive Agents, Immune Response, lcsh:QH301-705.5, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH : Macrophages, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH : Cross Reactions, 3. Good health, Neutrophil Infiltration, Carbohydrate conformation, MESH: Immunosuppressive Agents, Antigens, Fungal, MESH: Epitopes, Immunology, Cross Reactions, MESH : Epitopes, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cell Wall, Genetics, Aspergillosis, Humans, education, Biology, Molecular Biology, Antibodies, Fungal, MESH: Antigens, Fungal, Aspergillus, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030306 microbiology, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Macrophages, MESH : Humans, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH : Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Parasitology, lcsh:RC581-607, MESH: Female, MESH : Apoptosis, Neutrophils, Glycobiology, MESH: Cross Reactions, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carbohydrate Conformation, MESH : Female, MESH: Carbohydrate Conformation, MESH : Host-Pathogen Interactions, biology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, MESH : Neutrophil Infiltration, Carbohydrate Sequence, Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH : Carbohydrate Sequence, Female, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, Immunosuppressive Agents, Research Article, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Population, Immunopathology, Mycology, MESH : Mice, Inbred C57BL, Polysaccharide, Campylobacter jejuni, Polysaccharides, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Virology, MESH : Mice, Animals, MESH: Aspergillosis, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Cell Wall, MESH: Carbohydrate Sequence, MESH: Apoptosis, MESH: Antibodies, Fungal, Fungi, MESH: Macrophages, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Neutrophil Infiltration, MESH: Polysaccharides, MESH: Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, lcsh:Biology (General), MESH : Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH : Carbohydrate Conformation, MESH : Animals
Abstract

A new polysaccharide secreted by the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has been characterized. Carbohydrate analysis using specific chemical degradations, mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance showed that this polysaccharide is a linear heterogeneous galactosaminogalactan composed of α1-4 linked galactose and α1-4 linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues where both monosacharides are randomly distributed and where the percentage of galactose per chain varied from 15 to 60%. This polysaccharide is antigenic and is recognized by a majority of the human population irrespectively of the occurrence of an Aspergillus infection. GalNAc oligosaccharides are an essential epitope of the galactosaminogalactan that explains the universal antibody reaction due to cross reactivity with other antigenic molecules containing GalNAc stretches such as the N-glycans of Campylobacter jejuni. The galactosaminogalactan has no protective effect during Aspergillus infections. Most importantly, the polysaccharide promotes fungal development in immunocompetent mice due to its immunosuppressive activity associated with disminished neutrophil infiltrates., Author Summary Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases including allergic reactions and local or systemic infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis that has emerged in the recent years as a leading cause of infection related mortality among immunocompromised patients. Polysaccharides from the fungal cell wall play essential biological functions in the fungal cell biology and in host-pathogen interactions. Indeed, it has been shown that polysaccharides can modulate the human immune response; some of them (β-glucan and α-glucans) having a protective effect against Aspergillus infection. We report here the purification and chemical characterization of a new antigenic polysaccharide (galactosaminogalactan) produced by A. fumigatus. This polymer is secreted during infection. In murine models of aspergillosis, this galactosaminogalactan is not protective but it is immunosuppressive and favors A. fumigatus infection. Particularly it induces the apoptotic death of neutrophils that are the phagocytes playing an essential role in the killing of fungal pathogens.

Published
2011
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