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3. Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves

Author

Bennetts, Luke G, primary, Shakespeare, Callum J, additional, Vreugdenhil, Catherine A, additional, Foppert, Annie, additional, Gayen, Bishakhdatta, additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Morrison, Adele K, additional, Padman, Laurie, additional, Phillips, Helen E, additional, Stevens, Craig L, additional, Toffoli, Alessandro, additional, Constantinou, Navid C., additional, Cusack, Jesse, additional, Cyriac, Ajitha, additional, Doddridge, Edward W, additional, England, Matthew H, additional, Evans, D Gwyn, additional, Heil, Petra, additional, Hogg, Andrew Mcc, additional, Holmes, Ryan M, additional, Huneke, Wilma G C, additional, Jones, Nicole L, additional, Keating, Shane R, additional, Kiss, Andrew E, additional, Kraitzman, Noa, additional, Malyarenko, Alena, additional, Mcconnochie, Craig D, additional, Meucci, Alberto, additional, Montiel, Fabien, additional, Neme, Julia, additional, Nikurashin, Maxim, additional, Patel, Ramkrushnbhai S, additional, Peng, Jen-Ping, additional, Rayson, Matthew, additional, Rosevear, Madelaine G, additional, Sohail, Taimoor, additional, Spence, Paul, additional, and Stanley, Geoffrey J, additional

Published
2024
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4. Connecting to the oceans: supporting ocean literacy and public engagement

Author

Kelly, Rachel, Evans, Karen, Alexander, Karen, Bettiol, Silvana, Corney, Stuart, Cullen-Knox, Coco, Cvitanovic, Christopher, de Salas, Kristy, Emad, Gholam Reza, Fullbrook, Liam, Garcia, Carolina, Ison, Sierra, Ling, Scott, Macleod, Catriona, Meyer, Amelie, Murray, Linda, Murunga, Michael, Nash, Kirsty L., Norris, Kimberley, Oellermann, Michael, Scott, Jennifer, Stark, Jonathan S., Wood, Graham, and Pecl, Gretta T.

Published
2022
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7. Observational Evidence for a Regime Shift in Summer Antarctic Sea Ice.

Author

Hobbs, Will, Spence, Paul, Meyer, Amelie, Schroeter, Serena, Fraser, Alexander D., Reid, Philip, Tian, Tian R., Wang, Zhaohui, Liniger, Guillaume, Doddridge, Edward W., and Boyd, Philip W.

Subjects
ANTARCTIC ice, SEA ice, DYNAMICAL systems, SUMMER, RESEARCH personnel, SYSTEMS theory
Abstract

In recent years, the Southern Ocean has experienced extremely low sea ice cover in multiple summers. These low events were preceded by a multidecadal positive trend that culminated in record high ice coverage in 2014. This abrupt transition has led some authors to suggest that Antarctic sea ice has undergone a regime shift. In this study we analyze the satellite sea ice record and atmospheric reanalyses to assess the evidence for such a shift. We find that the standard deviation of the summer sea ice record has doubled from 0.31 million km2 in 1979–2006 to 0.76 million km2 for 2007–22. This increased variance is accompanied by a longer season-to-season sea ice memory. The atmosphere is the primary driver of Antarctic sea ice variability, but using a linear predictive model we show that sea ice changes cannot be explained by the atmosphere alone. Identifying whether a regime shift has occurred is difficult without a complete understanding of the physical mechanism of change. However, the statistical changes that we demonstrate (i.e., increased variance and autocorrelation, and a changed response to atmospheric forcing), as well as the increased spatial coherence noted by previous research, are indicators based on dynamical systems theory of an abrupt critical transition. Thus, our analysis is further evidence in support of a changed Antarctic sea ice system. Significance Statement: In recent years, there have been several summers with extremely low Antarctic sea ice cover, including consecutive record lows in February 2022 and February 2023. Since then, the 2023 winter has seen a remarkably low sea ice growth with an anomaly far below expected climatology. This has led researchers to question whether there has been a regime shift, and we assess the observational evidence for such a shift. In the last decade or so, the variability of summer sea ice has almost doubled, accompanied by a much longer sea ice memory from season to season. These statistical changes, as well an increased spatial coherence noted by other researchers, are consistent with theoretical indicators of a critical transition, or regime shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves

Author

Bennetts, Luke G, primary, Shakespeare, Callum J, additional, Vreugdenhil, Catherine A, additional, Foppert, Annie, additional, Gayen, Bishakhdatta, additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Morrison, Adele K, additional, Padman, Laurie, additional, Phillips, Helen E, additional, Stevens, Craig L, additional, Toffoli, Alessandro, additional, Constantinou, Navid C., additional, Cusack, Jesse, additional, Cyriac, Ajitha, additional, Doddridge, Edward W, additional, England, Matthew H, additional, Evans, D Gwyn, additional, Heil, Petra, additional, Hogg, Andrew Mcc, additional, Holmes, Ryan M, additional, Huneke, Wilma G C, additional, Jones, Nicole L, additional, Keating, Shane R, additional, Kiss, Andrew E, additional, Kraitzman, Noa, additional, Malyarenko, Alena, additional, Mcconnochie, Craig D, additional, Meucci, Alberto, additional, Montiel, Fabien, additional, Neme, Julia, additional, Nikurashin, Maxim, additional, Patel, Ramkrushnbhai S, additional, Peng, Jen-Ping, additional, Rayson, Matthew, additional, Rosevear, Madelaine G, additional, Sohail, Taimoor, additional, Spence, Paul, additional, and Stanley, Geoffrey J, additional

Published
2023
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12. Mapping of Upper Ocean Velocity and Transport in the Cape Farewell Area

Author

Meyer, Amelie

Subjects
Physical oceanography
Abstract

The global Thermohaline Circulation (THC), driven by fluxes of heat and fresh water at the ocean surface, is known to be intimately involved with major vanations tn the Earth' climate. The East Greenland Coastal Current (EGCC) together with the East Greenland Current (EGC), represent the major surface currents drawing fresh water southwards in the North Atlantic and therefore play an important role in the THC. By identifying and quantifying Sub-Polar ocean processes such as the EGC we can consolidate our knowledge on present-day climate variability. To do so, hydro graphic data from cruise D298 was analyzed and volume transport calculated. We found that the EGC (initially 8.3 Sv) and the EGCC (initially 1.6 Sv), merge around Cape Farewell and that 2.2 Sv of volume transport is lost in the process. We suggest that a certain volume of the boundary currents is integrated into recirculation cells and that 2 2 Sv is exported southward. Further work is needed on the fresh water fluxes to investigate the exact quantity of fresh water exported from the EGC and EGCC into the North Atlantic.

Published
2023
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13. Winter storms accelerate the demise of sea ice in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean

Author

Graham, Robert M., Itkin, Polona, Meyer, Amelie, Sundfjord, Arild, Spreen, Gunnar, Smedsrud, Lars H., Liston, Glen E., Cheng, Bin, Cohen, Lana, Divine, Dmitry, Fer, Ilker, Fransson, Agneta, Gerland, Sebastian, Haapala, Jari, Hudson, Stephen R., Johansson, A. Malin, King, Jennifer, Merkouriadi, Ioanna, Peterson, Algot K., Provost, Christine, Randelhoff, Achim, Rinke, Annette, Rösel, Anja, Sennéchael, Nathalie, Walden, Von P., Duarte, Pedro, Assmy, Philipp, Steen, Harald, and Granskog, Mats A.

Published
2019
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19. Warming world, changing ocean: mitigation and adaptation to support resilient marine systems

Author

Trebilco, Rowan, primary, Fleming, Aysha, additional, Hobday, Alistair J., additional, Melbourne-Thomas, Jess, additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, McDonald, Jan, additional, McCormack, Phillipa C., additional, Anderson, Kelli, additional, Bax, Narissa, additional, Corney, Stuart P., additional, Dutra, Leo X. C., additional, Fogarty, Hannah E., additional, McGee, Jeffrey, additional, Mustonen, Kaisu, additional, Mustonen, Tero, additional, Norris, Kimberley A., additional, Ogier, Emily, additional, Constable, Andrew J., additional, and Pecl, Gretta T., additional

Published
2021
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20. Nutrients in Water Masses in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean: Temporal Trends, Mixing and Links With Primary Production

Author

Duarte, Pedro, Meyer, Amelie, and Moreau, Sebastien

Subjects
geography, Water mass, geography.geographical_feature_category, Primary producers, Climate change, Oceanography, Geophysics, Nutrient, Arctic, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sea ice, Environmental science, Photic zone, Surface water
Abstract

There is strong evidence of an increase in primary production (PP) in the Arctic Ocean (AO) over the last two decades. Further increases will depend on the interplay between decreasing light limitation for primary producers, as the sea ice extent and thickness decrease, and the availability of nutrients, which is controlled by, but not limited to, inputs from the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. While these inputs are the major nutrient sources to the AO, ocean vertical mixing is required to bring the nutrients into the photic zone. We analyze data collected in the Western Eurasian Basin (WEB) between 1980 and 2016 and characterize the nutrient climatology of the various water masses. We conclude that there were no significant trends in the concentrations of the two macronutrients that typically limit PP in the AO (nitrate and silicic acid, in the case of diatoms), except a decreasing trend for silicic acid in Polar Surface Water (PSW), which is consistent with the reported increase in PP in the AO. We suggest that the Whalers Bay polynya, located in the northwestern corner of Svalbard, may act as a mixing hotspot, creating patches of nutrient replenished PSW. These patches may then be advected to higher latitudes under the ice pack, later boosting PP upon release from light limitation or else, keeping a nutrient reservoir that may be used in a subsequent growth season. It is likely that this remaining nutrient reservoir will decrease as sea ice cover retreats and light limitation alleviates.

Published
2021

25. Connecting to the oceans: supporting ocean literacy and public engagement

Author

Kelly, Rachel, primary, Evans, Karen, additional, Alexander, Karen, additional, Bettiol, Silvana, additional, Corney, Stuart, additional, Cullen-Knox, Coco, additional, Cvitanovic, Christopher, additional, de Salas, Kristy, additional, Emad, Gholam Reza, additional, Fullbrook, Liam, additional, Garcia, Carolina, additional, Ison, Sierra, additional, Ling, Scott, additional, Macleod, Catriona, additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Murray, Linda, additional, Murunga, Michael, additional, Nash, Kirsty L., additional, Norris, Kimberley, additional, Oellermann, Michael, additional, Scott, Jennifer, additional, Stark, Jonathan S., additional, Wood, Graham, additional, and Pecl, Gretta T., additional

Published
2021
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27. Warming world, changing ocean: mitigation and adaptation to support resilient marine systems

Author

Trebilco, Rowan, primary, Fleming, Aysha, additional, Hobday, Alistair J, additional, Thomas, Jess Melbourne, additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Mcdonald, Jan, additional, Mccormack, Phillipa C, additional, Anderson, Kelli, additional, Bax, Narissa, additional, Constable, Andrew J, additional, Corney, Stuart P, additional, Dutra, Leo X C, additional, Fogarty, Hannah E, additional, Mcgee, Jeffrey, additional, Mustonen, Kaisu, additional, Mustonen, Tero, additional, Norris, Kimberley J, additional, Ogier, Emily, additional, and Pecl, Gretta T, additional

Published
2020
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31. The seeding of ice algal blooms in Arctic pack ice: The multiyear ice seed repository hypothesis

Author

Olsen, Lasse Mork, Laney, Samuel R., Duarte, Pedro, Kauko, Hanna M., Fernández-Méndez, Mar, Mundy, Christopher John, Rösel, Anja, Meyer, Amelie, Itkin, Polona, Cohen, Lana, Peeken, Ilka, Tatarek, Agnieszka, Róźańska-Pluta, Magdalena, Wiktor, Josef, Taskjelle, Torbjørn, Pavlov, Alexey, Hudson, Stephen R., Granskog, Mats A., Hop, Haakon, and Assmy, Philipp

Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497
Abstract

Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003668 During the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N-ICE2015) from January to June 2015 the pack ice in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard was studied during four drifts between 83° and 80°N. This pack ice consisted of a mix of second year, fi rst year, and young ice. The physical properties and ice algal community composition was investigated in the three different ice types during the winter-spring-summer transition. Our results indicate that algae remaining in sea ice that survived the summer melt season are subsequently trapped in the upper layers of the ice column during winter and may function as an algal seed repository. Once the connectivity in the entire ice column is established, as a result of temperature-driven increase in ice porosity during spring, algae in the upper parts of the ice are able to migrate toward the bottom and initiate the ice algal spring bloom. Furthermore, this algal repository might seed the bloom in younger ice formed in adjacent leads. This mechanism was studied in detail for the dominant ice diatom Nitzschia frigida . The proposed seeding mechanism may be compromised due to the disappearance of older ice in the anticipated regime shift toward a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean.

Published
2017

32. Sea ice thermohaline dynamics and biogeochemistry in the Arctic Ocean: Empirical and model results

Author

Duarte, Pedro, Meyer, Amelie, Olsen, Lasse Mork, Kauko, Hanna Maria, Assmy, Philipp, Rösel, Anja, Itkin, Polona, Hudson, Stephen R., Granskog, Mats A., Gerland, Sebastian, Sundfjord, Arild, Steen, Harald, Hop, Haakon, Cohen, Lana, Peterson, Algot Kristoffer, Jeffery, Nicole, Elliott, Scott M., Hunke, Elizabeth Clare, and Turner, Adrian K.

Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Quaternary geology, glaciology: 465, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Kvartærgeologi, glasiologi: 465
Abstract

Large changes in the sea ice regime of the Arctic Ocean have occurred over the last decades justifying the development of models to forecast sea ice physics and biogeochemistry. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) to simulate physical and biogeochemical properties at time scales of a few weeks and to use the model to analyze ice algal bloom dynamics in different types of ice. Ocean and atmospheric forcing data and observations of the evolution of the sea ice properties collected from 18 April to 4 June 2015, during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition, were used to test the CICE model. Our results show the following: (i) model performance is reasonable for sea ice thickness and bulk salinity; good for vertically resolved temperature, vertically averaged Chl a concentrations, and standing stocks; and poor for vertically resolved Chl a concentrations. (ii) Improving current knowledge about nutrient exchanges, ice algal recruitment, and motion is critical to improve sea ice biogeochemical modeling. (iii) Ice algae may bloom despite some degree of basal melting. (iv) Ice algal motility driven by gradients in limiting factors is a plausible mechanism to explain their vertical distribution. (v) Different ice algal bloom and net primary production (NPP) patterns were identified in the ice types studied, suggesting that ice algal maximal growth rates will increase, while sea ice vertically integrated NPP and biomass will decrease as a result of the predictable increase in the area covered by refrozen leads in the Arctic Ocean. ©2017. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Published
2017

33. Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring

Author

Meyer, Amelie, Fer, Ilker, Sundfjord, Arild, and Peterson, Algot Kristoffer

Abstract

Mixing and heat flux rates collected in the Eurasian Basin north of Svalbard during the N-ICE2015 drift expedition are presented. The observations cover the deep Nansen Basin, the Svalbard continental slope, and the shallow Yermak Plateau from winter to summer. Mean quiescent winter heat flux values in the Nansen Basin are 2 W m−2 at the ice-ocean interface, 3 W m−2 in the pycnocline, and 1 W m−2 below the pycnocline. Large heat fluxes exceeding 300 W m−2 are observed in the late spring close to the surface over the Yermak Plateau. The data consisting of 588 microstructure profiles and 50 days of high-resolution under-ice turbulence measurements are used to quantify the impact of several forcing factors on turbulent dissipation and heat flux rates. Wind forcing increases turbulent dissipation seven times in the upper 50 m, and doubles heat fluxes at the ice-ocean interface. The presence of warm Atlantic Water close to the surface increases the temperature gradient in the water column, leading to enhanced heat flux rates within the pycnocline. Steep topography consistently enhances dissipation rates by a factor of four and episodically increases heat flux at depth. It is, however, the combination of storms and shallow Atlantic Water that leads to the highest heat flux rates observed: ice-ocean interface heat fluxes average 100 W m−2 during peak events and are associated with rapid basal sea ice melt, reaching 25 cm/d. publishedVersion

Published
2017

34. One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter

Author

Fer, Ilker, Peterson, Algot Kristoffer, Randelhoff, Achim, and Meyer, Amelie

Abstract

A one-dimensional model is employed to reproduce the observed time evolution of hydrographic properties in the upper water column during winter, between 26 January and 11 March 2015, in a region north of Svalbard in the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. From an observed initial state, vertical diffusion equations for temperature and salinity give the hydrographic conditions at a later stage. Observations of microstructure are used to synthesize profiles of vertical diffusivity, K, representative of varying wind forcing conditions. The ice-ocean heat and salt fluxes at the ice-ocean interface are implemented as external source terms, estimated from the salt and enthalpy budgets, using friction velocity from the Rossby similarity drag relation, and the ice core temperature profiles. We are able to reproduce the temporal evolution of hydrography satisfactorily for two pairs of measured profiles, suggesting that the vertical processes dominated the observed changes. Sensitivity tests reveal a significant dependence on K. Variation in other variables, such as the temperature gradient of the sea ice, the fraction of heat going to ice melt, and the turbulent exchange coefficient for heat, are relatively less important. The increase in salinity as a result of freezing and brine release is approximately 10%, significantly less than that due to entrainment (90%) from beneath the mixed layer. Entrainment was elevated during episodic storm events, leading to melting. The results highlight the contribution of storms to mixing in the upper Arctic Ocean and its impact on ice melt and mixed-layer salt and nutrient budgets. publishedVersion

Published
2017

35. Atlantic waters inflow north of Svalbard: Insights from IAOOS observations and Mercator Ocean global operational system during N-ICE2015

Author

Koenig, Zoé, Provost, Christine, Villacieros Robineau, Nicolas, Sennéchael, Nathalie, Meyer, Amelie, Lellouche, Jean-Michel, Garric, Gilles, Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

37. Algal Hot Spots in a Changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-Ice Ridges and the Snow-Ice Interface

Author

Fernández-Méndez, Mar, primary, Olsen, Lasse M., additional, Kauko, Hanna M., additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Rösel, Anja, additional, Merkouriadi, Ioanna, additional, Mundy, Christopher J., additional, Ehn, Jens K., additional, Johansson, A. Malin, additional, Wagner, Penelope M., additional, Ervik, Åse, additional, Sorrell, Brian K., additional, Duarte, Pedro, additional, Wold, Anette, additional, Hop, Haakon, additional, and Assmy, Philipp, additional

Published
2018
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38. Winter ocean-ice interactions under thin sea ice observed by IAOOS platforms during N-ICE2015: Salty surface mixed layer and active basal melt

Author

Koenig, Zoé, Provost, Christine, Villacieros Robineau, Nicolas, Sennéchael, Nathalie, Meyer, Amelie, Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

39. Winter to summer oceanographic observations in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard

Author

Meyer, Amelie, primary, Sundfjord, Arild, additional, Fer, Ilker, additional, Provost, Christine, additional, Villacieros Robineau, Nicolas, additional, Koenig, Zoe, additional, Onarheim, Ingrid H., additional, Smedsrud, Lars H., additional, Duarte, Pedro, additional, Dodd, Paul A., additional, Graham, Robert M., additional, Schmidtko, Sunke, additional, and Kauko, Hanna M., additional

Published
2017
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40. The seeding of ice algal blooms in Arctic pack ice: The multiyear ice seed repository hypothesis

Author

Olsen, Lasse M., primary, Laney, Samuel R., additional, Duarte, Pedro, additional, Kauko, Hanna M., additional, Fernández-Méndez, Mar, additional, Mundy, Christopher J., additional, Rösel, Anja, additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Itkin, Polona, additional, Cohen, Lana, additional, Peeken, Ilka, additional, Tatarek, Agnieszka, additional, Róźańska-Pluta, Magdalena, additional, Wiktor, Józef, additional, Taskjelle, Torbjørn, additional, Pavlov, Alexey K., additional, Hudson, Stephen R., additional, Granskog, Mats A., additional, Hop, Haakon, additional, and Assmy, Philipp, additional

Published
2017
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41. Sea ice thermohaline dynamics and biogeochemistry in the Arctic Ocean: Empirical and model results

Author

Duarte, Pedro, primary, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Olsen, Lasse M., additional, Kauko, Hanna M., additional, Assmy, Philipp, additional, Rösel, Anja, additional, Itkin, Polona, additional, Hudson, Stephen R., additional, Granskog, Mats A., additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Sundfjord, Arild, additional, Steen, Harald, additional, Hop, Haakon, additional, Cohen, Lana, additional, Peterson, Algot K., additional, Jeffery, Nicole, additional, Elliott, Scott M., additional, Hunke, Elizabeth C., additional, and Turner, Adrian K., additional

Published
2017
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44. Leads in Arctic pack ice enable early phytoplankton blooms below snow-covered sea ice

Author

Assmy, Philipp, primary, Fernández-Méndez, Mar, additional, Duarte, Pedro, additional, Meyer, Amelie, additional, Randelhoff, Achim, additional, Mundy, Christopher J., additional, Olsen, Lasse M., additional, Kauko, Hanna M., additional, Bailey, Allison, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Cohen, Lana, additional, Doulgeris, Anthony P., additional, Ehn, Jens K., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Hop, Haakon, additional, Hudson, Stephen R., additional, Hughes, Nick, additional, Itkin, Polona, additional, Johnsen, Geir, additional, King, Jennifer A., additional, Koch, Boris P., additional, Koenig, Zoe, additional, Kwasniewski, Slawomir, additional, Laney, Samuel R., additional, Nicolaus, Marcel, additional, Pavlov, Alexey K., additional, Polashenski, Christopher M., additional, Provost, Christine, additional, Rösel, Anja, additional, Sandbu, Marthe, additional, Spreen, Gunnar, additional, Smedsrud, Lars H., additional, Sundfjord, Arild, additional, Taskjelle, Torbjørn, additional, Tatarek, Agnieszka, additional, Wiktor, Jozef, additional, Wagner, Penelope M., additional, Wold, Anette, additional, Steen, Harald, additional, and Granskog, Mats A., additional

Published
2017
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45. Mixing (MX) Oceanographic Toolbox for EM-APEX* float data applying shear-strain finescale parameterization

Author

Meyer, Amelie, Phillips, HE, Sloyan, BM, and Polzin, KL

Subjects
040503 Physical Oceanography, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The Mixing Oceanographic Toolbox provides a framework to estimate the dissipation rate and diffusivity from Electromagnetic Autonomous Profiling Explorer (EM-APEX) float observational data. The EM-APEX floats measure the temperature, salinity, pressure, and horizontal velocity of the current. Vertical gradients of velocity and buoyancy are estimated and a finescale parameterization is applied. This method provides order of magnitude estimates of mixing as well as estimates of the regional variability of mixing

Published
2014
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49. Internal Waves and Mixing near the Kerguelen Plateau.

Author

Meyer, Amelie, Polzin, Kurt L., Sloyan, Bernadette M., and Phillips, Helen E.

Subjects
*INTERNAL waves, *OCEANIC mixing, *TURBULENT mixing, *SPATIAL variation, *THEORY of wave motion, *ENERGY dissipation
Abstract

In the stratified ocean, turbulent mixing is primarily attributed to the breaking of internal waves. As such, internal waves provide a link between large-scale forcing and small-scale mixing. The internal wave field north of the Kerguelen Plateau is characterized using 914 high-resolution hydrographic profiles from novel Electromagnetic Autonomous Profiling Explorer (EM-APEX) floats. Altogether, 46 coherent features are identified in the EM-APEX velocity profiles and interpreted in terms of internal wave kinematics. The large number of internal waves analyzed provides a quantitative framework for characterizing spatial variations in the internal wave field and for resolving generation versus propagation dynamics. Internal waves observed near the Kerguelen Plateau have a mean vertical wavelength of 200 m, a mean horizontal wavelength of 15 km, a mean period of 16 h, and a mean horizontal group velocity of 3 cm s−1. The internal wave characteristics are dependent on regional dynamics, suggesting that different generation mechanisms of internal waves dominate in different dynamical zones. The wave fields in the Subantarctic/Subtropical Front and the Polar Front Zone are influenced by the local small-scale topography and flow strength. The eddy-wave field is influenced by the large-scale flow structure, while the internal wave field in the Subantarctic Zone is controlled by atmospheric forcing. More importantly, the local generation of internal waves not only drives large-scale dissipation in the frontal region but also downstream from the plateau. Some internal waves in the frontal region are advected away from the plateau, contributing to mixing and stratification budgets elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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50. Atlantic waters inflow north of Svalbard: Insights from IAOOSobservations and Mercator Ocean global operational system during N‐ICE2015

Author

Koenig, Zoé, Provost, Christine, Villacieros‐Robineau, Nicolas, Sennéchael, Nathalie, Meyer, Amelie, Lellouche, Jean‐Michel, and Garric, Gilles

Abstract

As part of the N‐ICE2015 campaign, IAOOS (Ice Atmosphere Ocean Observing System) platforms gathered intensive winter data at the entrance of Atlantic Water (AW) inflow to the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard. These data are used to examine the performance of the 1/12° resolution Mercator Ocean global operational ice/ocean model in the marginal ice zone north of Svalbard. Modeled sea‐ice extent, ocean heat fluxes, mixed layer depths and AW mass characteristics are in good agreement with observations. Model outputs are then used to put the observations in a larger spatial and temporal context. Model outputs show that AW pathways over and around the Yermak Plateau differ in winter from summer. In winter, the large AW volume transport of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) (∼4 Sv) proceeds to the North East through 3 branches: the Svalbard Branch (∼0.5 Sv) along the northern shelf break of Svalbard, the Yermak Branch (∼1.1 Sv) along the western slope of the Yermak Plateau and the Yermak Pass Branch (∼2.0 Sv) through a pass in the Yermak Plateau at 80.8°N. In summer, the AW transport in the WSC is smaller (∼2 Sv) and there is no transport through the Yermak Pass. Although only eddy‐permitting in the area, the model suggests an important mesoscale activity throughout the AW flow. The large differences in ice extent between winters 2015 and 2016 follow very distinct atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the preceding summer and autumn seasons. Convection‐induced upward heat fluxes maintained the area free of ice in winter 2016. Operational 1/12° global ocean model remarkably reproduces observations in the complex region north of SvalbardEvidence of an important winter feature of AW inflow in the Arctic: the Yermak Pass Branch through the Yermak PlateauModeled upwelling and convection contribute to realistic year‐to‐year variations in winter sea‐ice edge location over the AW inflow

Published
2017
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