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16. Origins

Author

Millan, Matteo, Pugliese, Stanislao G., Series editor, Arthurs, Joshua, editor, Ebner, Michael, editor, and Ferris, Kate, editor

Published
2017
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24. Corporate Policing, Yellow Unionism, and Strikebreaking, 1890-1930

Author

Millan, Matteo and Saluppo, Alessandro

Subjects
Armed Associations, Austria-Hungary, Czarism, Dublin Lockout, Geoff Eley, Iberian Peninsula, Industrial vigilantism, Proto-Fascism, Russian Empire, The Dark Side of the Belle Époque, Tsarism, bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBG General & world history, bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJD European history, bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJK History of the Americas
Abstract

This book provides a comparative and transnational examination of the complex and multifaceted experiences of anti-labour mobilisation, from the bitter social conflicts of the pre-war period, through the epochal tremors of war and revolution, and the violent spasms of the 1920s and 1930s. It retraces the formation of an extensive market for corporate policing, privately contracted security and yellow unionism, as well as processes of professionalisation in strikebreaking activities, labour espionage and surveillance. It reconstructs the diverse spectrum of right-wing patriotic leagues and vigilante corps which, in support or in competition with law enforcement agencies, sought to counter the dual dangers of industrial militancy and revolutionary situations. Although considerable research has been done on the rise of socialist parties and trade unions the repressive policies of their opponents have been generally left unexamined. This book fills this gap by reconstructing the methods and strategies used by state authorities and employers to counter outbreaks of labour militancy on a global scale. It adopts a long-term chronology that sheds light on the shocks and strains that marked industrial societies during their turbulent transition into mass politics from the bitter social conflicts of the pre-war period, through the epochal tremors of war and revolution, and the violent spasms of the 1920s and 1930s. Offering a new angle of vision to examine the violent transition to mass politics in industrial societies, this is of great interest to scholars of policing, unionism and striking in the modern era.

Published
2021
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35. Treviso

Author

Millan, Matteo

Published
2015

36. Editorial.

Author

Millan, Matteo

Subjects
WORLD War I, INTERWAR Period (1918-1939), EUROPEAN history, 1918-1945, 20TH century European history, PARAMILITARY forces
Abstract

The article reflects on the post World War I society in Europe between 1918 and 1939. Topics discussed include, public participation in politics for the formation of rights and paramilitary associations, militant behavior of people during the interwar period of 1918-39, and transnational phenomenon of paramilitary organizations after 1918-19.

Published
2019

43. Milizie civiche prima della Grande guerra. Violenza politica e crisi dello Stato in Italia e Spagna (1900-15).

Author

Millan, Matteo

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the historiographical debate on armed groups and political violence from the 1900s to the early 1920s. The article examines the cases of Italy and Spain and investigates how practices and forms of organised political violence before the First World War can be interpreted as signs of the crisis of liberal regimes and of the emergence of authoritarian political cultures. In recent years historians have paid much attention to paramilitary groups and political violence in the aftermath of the Great War, often considering the conflict itself as a trigger factor. The first section analyses this debate, with special attention to the controversial concept of «brutalization», while the second section focuses on the cases of Italy and Spain. Finally, the third section uses archival sources to study practices, political cultures and the relationship between state powers and the Catalan Somatén Armado, on the one hand, and the Citizens' Patrols in Bologna, on the other, in the pre-war period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

45. Squadrismi.

Author

Millan, Matteo

Abstract

The article reviews the book "Camicie nere, camicie brune: Milizie faciste in Italia e in Germania," by Sven Reichardt.

Published
2011

46. Civic Militias before the First World War. Political violence and the crisis of the state in Italy and Spain (1900-1915).

Author

Millan, Matteo

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine the historiographical debate on armed groups and political violence from the 1900s to the early 1920s. The article examines the cases of Italy and Spain and investigates how practices and forms of organised political violence before the First World War can be interpreted as signs of the crisis of liberal regimes and of the emergence of authoritarian political cultures. In recent years historians have paid much attention to paramilitary groups and political violence in the aftermath of the Great War, often considering the conflict itself as a trigger factor. The first section analyses this debate, with special attention to the controversial concept of «brutalization», while the second section focuses on the cases of Italy and Spain. Finally, the third section uses archival sources to study practices, political cultures and the relationship between state powers and the Catalan Somatén Armado, on the one hand, and the Citizens' Patrols in Bologna, on the other, in the pre-war period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

47. Corporate Policing, Yellow Unionism, and Strikebreaking, 1890-1930 : In Defence of Freedom

Author

Millan, Matteo and Saluppo, Alessandro

Subjects
History / Europe, History / Modern / 20th Century, History / Modern / 19th Century
Abstract

This book provides a comparative and transnational examination of the complex and multifaceted experiences of anti-labour mobilisation, from the bitter social conflicts of the pre-war period, through the epochal tremors of war and revolution, and the violent spasms of the 1920s and 1930s. It retraces the formation of an extensive market for corporate policing, privately contracted security and yellow unionism, as well as processes of professionalisation in strikebreaking activities, labour espionage and surveillance. It reconstructs the diverse spectrum of right-wing patriotic leagues and vigilante corps which, in support or in competition with law enforcement agencies, sought to counter the dual dangers of industrial militancy and revolutionary situations. Although considerable research has been done on the rise of socialist parties and trade unions the repressive policies of their opponents have been generally left unexamined. This book fills this gap by reconstructing the methods and strategies used by state authorities and employers to counter outbreaks of labour militancy on a global scale. It adopts a long-term chronology that sheds light on the shocks and strains that marked industrial societies during their turbulent transition into mass politics from the bitter social conflicts of the pre-war period, through the epochal tremors of war and revolution, and the violent spasms of the 1920s and 1930s. Offering a new angle of vision to examine the violent transition to mass politics in industrial societies, this is of great interest to scholars of policing, unionism and striking in the modern era.

Published
2020

48. The Swedish Labour Market, c. 1870-1914: A Labour Market Regime without Repression?

Author

Bengtsson, Erik, Millan, Matteo, and Saluppo, Alessandro

Subjects
History, Political Science
Abstract

In the literature on Swedish labour market history, it is commonly accepted (Westerståhl 1945, Nycander 2008) that the Swedish state in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was unique in its abstention from anti-union, anti-strike policy. While in other European countries the conflict between employers and workers led to state repression of unions and strikes, the Swedish state was neutral, according to this account of Swedish exceptionalism. Thus, for Nycander (2008), the consensus-oriented ”Swedish model” which is typically dated to the 1930s (Korpi 1983) actually originates from the 1880s and 1890s. The leniency and social liberalism of the Swedish state is variously explained by farmer influence or influence of the social liberal intelligentsia. This paper questions the account of Swedish exceptionalism. It starts from two research questions: one, was the Swedish state indeed uniquely liberal vis-à-vis unionism and strikes, and two, if so, was this because of the political influence of farmers, the power of social liberal ideas, or something else? The paper maps labour market regulation (Master & Servant laws), restrictions of unionists’ speech, protection of strike-breakers, and employer attitudes to answer question one, and to answer question two, the politics behind the policies is discussed. The onclucsion is that (a) the uniqueness of the Swedish labour market regime is overblown, (b) the contributions of farmers to any liberalism in this regard were meagre and contradictory, and (c) that the urban liberal intelligentsia indeed did play a positive role for workers’ rights.

Published
2020

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