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PT Nickel Indonesia, which is a mining company that has held a Contract of Work since 1968, part of its mining area is located in the Protected Forest Area area so it must carry out business activities by the provisions that have been regulated related to PPKH. This article will discuss the obligations of mining business actors who own PPKH operating in protected forest areas by taking a case example from PT Nickel Indonesia. In addition, this article will also explain the sanctions that will be received for PPKH permit holders if they neglect the obligations that have been set by the government in the applicable regulations. On the other hand, this article will also try to examine how mining facilities have been built but are in the buffer zone. It is further explained in this article that, PPKH functions as a government control with obligations that must be fulfilled by business actors who obtain it. Violation of these obligations can result in administrative and criminal sanctions. The sanctions that may be received if they violate these obligations are a warning for PT Nickel Indonesia to improve business governance that pays attention to the environment. PT Nikel Indonesia's supporting facilities that existed in the buffer area before the regulation took effect are expected to continue to be used by receiving special policies from the government to support nickel ore mining and processing activities in Indonesia and of course, PT Nikel Indonesia as a PPKH holder is committed to maintaining transparency and communication with all stakeholders regarding the use of supporting facilities that have been built before the enactment of the regulation new ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article propose de repenser la notion de paysage à partir des récits contemporains qui témoignent de l’exploitation de la mine de Sadiola au sud du Mali et de l’industrialisation de l’orpaillage guyanais. Tandis que le paysage suppose la projection d’un regard vers le lointain, l’extractivisme aurifère oblige à se confronter à la matérialité du minerai et à plonger dans les profonds – selon le mot d’Édouard Glissant. À l’instar du paysage, la profondeur induit une perspective et une vision, qui invite à projeter son regard dans les lointains. À l’inverse, les profonds supposent une autre réalité souterraine qui permet de ressentir la vie terrestre dans la terre et donc en dessous de ce que l’on voit sur terre. C’est ce que Glissant appelle aussi la « concrétude de la profondeur ». Il s’agit donc avec les textes d’entrer dans les profonds, cette concrétude énergique qui, il me semble, manque singulièrement au paysage. D’une part, les récits-témoignages guyanais et maliens s’appuient sur une poétique de la concrétude qui associe la matérialité de l’or et le corps des travailleurs pour souligner que les questions écologiques ne sauraient être séparées des questions sociales. D’autre part, la thématique du gigantisme qui se déploie dans les textes, témoignant de la monstruosité du système extractivisme qui se joue à l’échelle mondiale, dépassant la notion de « paysage ». Enfin, les voix des différents acteurs relayées dans les textes s’ancrent profondément dans les lieux spoliés pour mettre en question les conséquences humaines et écologiques de l’exploitation aurifère des sous-sols.

With the development, a relatively perfect policy system has been gradually established for mine ecological protection and restoration in China based on the two contexts of mine land reclamation and mine geological environment protection and restoration. strengthen source control and promote green mine construction; Second, comprehensively promote system protection and restoration; Third, accelerate ecological and environmental governance in key areas and regions; Fourth, improve the ecological compensation system and financial support policy Fifth, promote the establishment of market-based mechanisms and encourage and incentivize the participation of private capital. Based on the current policy orientation and problems existing in practice, this paper puts forward fund guarantee system for mine ecological restoration, improving the implementation rules of the market-oriented operation support policy for projects, promoting the standardization of mine ecological restoration standards and working procedures, and optimizing the whole life cycle management system for new and production mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Francosphères is the property of Open Library of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the mining industry, dumper operators are exposed to combined noise and vibration, leading to discomfort. Dumpers are heavy earth-moving machines that are used for carrying bulky material in mining industries. Dumper operators are exposed to physical hazards such as vibration, noise, heat, and humidity, throughout their lifetime of work. Fifty-four dumper operators working in mines were selected for this study. Noise was measured as per the guidelines of the Directorate General Mining Safety, India, and whole-body vibration was measured as per the guidelines of ISO 2631-1::1997. Noise Pro DLX, Type 2 noise dosimeters were used for the measurement of personal noise exposure while SV-106 six channels vibration meters were used for whole body vibration (WBV) exposure measurement. Discomfort was calculated using the regression equation developed by Huang and Griffin (2014). The total discomfort level of mine operators was about 192. A predictive equation was derived by using a regression model to determine the contribution of individual variables causing discomfort. It was observed that for every unit increase in noise (LAeq), discomfort increased by 10.20 units, a one-unit increase in vibration (A (8)) led to a 51.7-unit increase in discomfort, while an increase of one unit of exposure time increased the discomfort level by 5.24 units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal and mineral deposits are natural resources that have been formed over millions of years that cannot be replaced and renewed in a short time when consumed. Turkey has 1.52 billion tons of hard coal, 19.32 billion tons of lignite and asphaltite, a total of 20.84 billion tons of coal reserves. In our country, 105.37 million tons of coal was produced and 119.80 million tons of coal was consumed in 2022. The installed capacity of the Turkish thermal power plant, of which domestic coal resources account for about 11%, accounts for 21% of the total installed capacity. Our country, which is dependent on abroad for 75% of energy supply, pays an average of 45 billion dollars annually to the import of energy raw materials. This situation imposes a great economic burden on the external balance of payments to Turkey. When we look at the relationship between the development levels of countries and their natural resource potentials, it is seen that developed societies are partially rich in mineral reserves and use these resources correctly and effectively. For this purpose, the evaluation of Turkey's coal reserves with more rational, basin (integrated) mining methods and their economic importance were examined in a multidimensional way in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal dust was shown to promote the combustion of methane–air mixtures, reducing the lower concentration limit of flame propagation and making combustion progressive (coal of different grades was used). An inhibitor has been proposed and tested to prevent the ignition of methane initiated by a spark, suppress flame propagation, and prevent its transition to an explosion. The results also show that coal dust-stimulated methane combustion, as well as in the absence of dust, is a branched-chain process that can be completely suppressed by inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the life of the mine master Juan de Buendía who went to Peru in 1609 to implement the mining techniques of the Almadén mine in the mercury mining of Huancavelica. The contributions that he made are also discussed, especially in timber framing, which made it possible to improve the safety and exploitation of the mine to levels never seen before.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research discusses mining and its relation with the science of energy archaeology; as well as the role of the tools used in the metal industry; during the Greco-Roman era in Ancient Egypt. It reviews the millstones and mills used in this era; as well as the role of humans and animals in energy production and the importance of wood and coal in biological energy production, in order to demonstrate the importance of the archaeology of energy in interpreting many businesses and industries of this era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geodynamic phenomena that occur during the exploitation of a coal-bearing massif lead to human casualties, reduce the speed of penetration, and significantly complicate the operation of the mine. The article analyzes existing views on geodynamic processes occurring within mining fields located in coal-bearing formations. A safe technology for identifying potential outburst locations during coal mining is characterized. The technology has been tested during prospecting and environmental studies within the mining workings at active mines and abandoned mining fields. The results of profile and planar investigations in he areas exhibiting geodynamic outbursts in coal deposits and mines are presented. When sampling subsoil air using the technology of structural-thermo-atmospheric-hydrogeochemical research (STAHGS), which is carried out on the surface of the earth in profile and planar versions, the authors came to the conclusion about the possibility of predicting fault zones of increased permeability and zones of low fluid permeability. The first affect the rate of destruction of rocks under pressure, and in the second case, the possibility of gas emissions into the mine, which can be accompanied by an explosion and fire. Such zones are dangerous, because the most destructive events occur in places of collision. Early identification of places of geodynamic stress of rocks, fault zones of increased permeability, accumulation of gases – all this will allow to make a decision in advance about changing the conditions of conducting mining operations and degassing of the coal massif. In addition, the authors draw attention to hydrogen gas as one of the causes of initiation of explosions and fires during underground mining operations in mines, which is not taken into account at the current stage of safety control of mining operations. The possible cause of a hydrogen explosion is not taken into account in coal mine accidents. The appearance of hydrogen and helium in coal samples taken from the mine may indicate the deformation of the massif, which leads to the opening of cracks and the outflow of gas from deeper horizons. And then an increase in the concentration of hydrogen, not methane, creates the conditions for explosions and fires.

In the recent years very much rapid development in the field of nanotechnology in many applications like structural, medical, biotechnology, agriculture etc. Polymers and polymer based composites attain a vital role in structural applications due to its light weight, easy of handling etc. However, during processing of polymer few problems associated with crosslinking of polymer bonds. These problems are overtaking by reinforcing Nano particles to the polymers. This research work focusses on studying the mechanical properties of epoxy polymer composites by reinforcing various weight percentage of Carbon Nanotube (CNT). The epoxy composite is prepared by magnetic stirring, mechanical stirring using hand layup method followed by post curing. The one-way ANOVA used to study the descriptive statistics influence of CNT reinforcement from 0.2 to 0.8 weight percentage in a 0.2 intervals. Further, Scheffe multiple comparison, Turkey HSD and Holm and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests are used to study the significant effect between the reinforcing percentage. It was observed that adding CNT to the composites improves the tensile strength and it is also observed from F and P values that reinforcement statically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Philippines is an archipelago with abundant but still underdeveloped mining resources. China, and to a lesser extent Japan, are the main clients of the Philippine mining sector. Faced with a complex mining legal system, unstable mining policy, strong opposition to mining from civil society and the conflict in the South China Sea, Chinese companies have adapted and developed several strategies: 1) Some of them have joined the so-called artisanal mining sector in order to escape state control and negotiate directly with local governments, including the provinces. This artisanal sector is largely illegal and it is difficult to assess the weight and influence of these Chinese actors. 2) Other Chinese companies have opted for the commercial sector (large-scale mining) for nickel extraction and have had to develop relationships and partnerships with local and national family dynasties, key players in the country’s mining development. 3) Finally, other Chinese companies do not mine nickel but import the raw ore for processing in China. The coming decades are expected to see a huge increase in demand for nickel and rare earths to meet the needs of the global green transition. The Philippines could play an important role in the value chain, especially in electric vehicles.

The case of mines has become a major global concern due to the danger of this type of excessively harmful and random weapons, as they are extremely destructive and cruel tools, and they are always dangerous unless they are removed and deactivated. The complexity of the problems resulting from mines are related to their increasing destructive potential as a result of scientific, technological and military progress, and their causing many material and human losses, which prompted international humanitarian law to seek to restrict their use and prohibit them as a weapon that contradicts its main principles. The increasing interesting in mine issues required that the international Push increased attention. With the problems that arise from it, and this matter was reflected in the distinguished and prominent roles played by a number of international organizations, foremost among which was the United Nations and a number of its specialized international agencies, which succeeded in establishing an influential international legal trend in the field of dealing with mines and contributing to limiting or minimizing their effects. of its risks.

L’étude d’impact environnemental et social est un processus systématique d’identification, de prévention, d’évaluation et de réduction des effets physiques, écologiques, esthétiques, sociaux préalable à la réalisation de projet d’aménagement, d’ouvrage, d’équipement, d’installation ou d’implantation d’une unité industrielle, agricole ou autre et permettant d’en apprécier les conséquences directes ou indirectes sur l’environnement. L’intervention de l’Etat dans la protection de l’environnement, loin d’être une question substantielle, doit être tout d’abord une technique administrative dans le sens de constituer des normes et enjeux qui doivent répondre aux desiderata de la population.

The closure of mining facilities, especially those with a long history of mining, often results in degradation of the environment. In particular, the development of mineral deposits is accompanied by drainage interventions, restructuring and rebalancing of surface and groundwater flows, and changes in the qualitative composition of the hydrosphere. Cave mining operations involve geomechanical processes that provoke surface subsidence and displacement accompanied by earth surface disturbance. The cessation of mining means stoppage of drainage, which leads to the gradual filling of the cone of depression, formation of flooded areas, and mine water discharges at the surface. Unstable rock in the walls of water-filled open pits can lead to potentially dangerous landslides. Given the fact that residential and industrial areas were often historically constructed close to the mines (sometimes within the mining allotment), the hydro-environmental problems of old industrial districts become particularly acute post-mining. Also, in many cases, it is difficult to determine which factors, natural (geological structure, geomorphological conditions, water content of the period) or human-induced (cessation of pumping), are responsible for area flooding, especially where these sites are located a considerable distance from the closed mine. This gives rise to speculations and irrational technical solutions. Using the Chelyabinsk Coal Basin as an example, we consider the eco-hydrogeological issues that arose after the completion of mining operations and cessation of drainage, and we propose measures to reduce their negative impact on the area's hydro-geoecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lingan strike of 1882–83 was the last in a series of strikes over a two-decade period on Cape Breton Island's Sydney coalfield. With the use of untapped local sources, this article reconstructs the history of this understudied strike within a broader history of social relations on the coalfield. The migration of labourers from the island's backland farms – predominantly from Highland enclave settlements – to the coal mines played a decisive role in shaping the era's new coal mining villages and the character of social conflict. By the early 1880s, structural change associated with National Policy industrialism was eroding the old authority of the coal operators, and miners embraced the Provincial Workmen's Association (pwa) to advance their claims in long-standing and highly localized contestations. Ultimately the coal communities themselves imposed the emergent trade unionism. The Lingan strike marked a transition to a new political order on the coalfield, structured by the place of the coal mines within the wider Cape Breton countryside and built upon a powerful localism and moral economy that recast the public sphere and the miners' place in it. La grève de Lingan de 1882-1883 était la dernière d'une série de grèves sur une période de deux décennies dans le bassin houiller de Sydney, sur l'île du Cap-Breton. S'appuyant sur des sources locales inexploitées, cet article reconstruit l'histoire de cette grève peu étudiée dans une histoire plus large des relations sociales sur le bassin houiller. La migration des ouvriers des fermes de l'arrière-pays de l'île – principalement des colonies d'enclaves des Highlands – vers les mines de charbon a joué un rôle décisif dans la formation des nouveaux villages miniers de l'époque et le caractère du conflit social. Au début des années 1880, le changement structurel associé à l'industrialisme de la politique nationale érodait l'ancienne autorité des exploitants de charbon, et les mineurs ont adopté la Provincial Workmen's Association (pwa) pour faire valoir leurs revendications dans le cadre de contestations de longue date et très localisées. En fin de compte, les communautés charbonnières elles-mêmes ont imposé le syndicalisme naissant. La grève de Lingan a marqué une transition vers un nouvel ordre politique sur le bassin houiller, structuré par la place des mines de charbon dans la campagne élargie du Cap-Breton et construit sur un localisme puissant et une économie morale qui refondent la sphère publique et la place des mineurs dans celle-ci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geodynamic phenomena that occur during the exploitation of a coal-bearing massif lead to human casualties, reduce the speed of penetration, and significantly complicate the operation of the mine. The article analyzes existing views on geodynamic processes occurring within mining fields located in coal-bearing formations. A safe technology for identifying potential outburst locations during coal mining is characterized. The technology has been tested during prospecting and environmental studies within the mining workings at active mines and abandoned mining fields. The results of profile and planar investigations in he areas exhibiting geodynamic outbursts in coal deposits and mines are presented. When sampling subsoil air using the technology of structural-thermo-atmospheric-hydrogeochemical research (STAHGS), which is carried out on the surface of the earth in profile and planar versions, the authors came to the conclusion about the possibility of predicting fault zones of increased permeability and zones of low fluid permeability. The first affect the rate of destruction of rocks under pressure, and in the second case, the possibility of gas emissions into the mine, which can be accompanied by an explosion and fire. Such zones are dangerous, because the most destructive events occur in places of collision. Early identification of places of geodynamic stress of rocks, fault zones of increased permeability, accumulation of gases - all this will allow to make a decision in advance about changing the conditions of conducting mining operations and degassing of the coal massif. In addition, the authors draw attention to hydrogen gas as one of the causes of initiation of explosions and fires during underground mining operations in mines, which is not taken into account at the current stage of safety control of mining operations. The possible cause of a hydrogen explosion is not taken into account in coal mine accidents. The appearance of hydrogen and helium in coal samples taken from the mine may indicate the deformation of the massif, which leads to the opening of cracks and the outflow of gas from deeper horizons. And then an increase in the concentration of hydrogen, not methane, creates the conditions for explosions and fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mines are often home to many dangers with a high rate of accidents and occupational diseases. One of the most effective ways to prevent these adverse incidents is to identify and control the influential factors causing human error in design and the ensuing negative consequences. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore, categorize and prioritize factors affecting human errors in the mine design process. METHODS: The study has a mixed-method design combining qualitative and quantitative data. In the qualitative phase, the required data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 surface mine designers. The causes of errors were extracted and categorized by the latent content analysis using MAXQDA2022 software. The identified causes in the qualitative phase were sent to expert designers in Q tables, and the data were analyzed by factor analysis. RESULTS: Of the identified codes in the qualitative phase, 40 main themes in five different categories (individual, organizational, external, task, and environmental factors) were determined as causes. The results of the quantitative phase suggest the existence of four different mental patterns regarding the causes of design errors (DEs). The data analysis also shows that organizational and personal factors, particularly supervision and inspection, experience, and technical knowledge, were the strongest causes of DEs and environmental (hotness, coldness, indoor air quality, and noise) and external (work-family conflict) factors being the weakest ones. CONCLUSION: This study not only identifies and categorizes the causes of design errors in the mining industry but also suggests some control strategies for these errors based on the mental patterns of the experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two highly Cr (VI) resistant fungal strains, CSF‐1 and CSF‐2, were isolated and identified as Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp., respectively, using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. At optimized growth conditions, the dead biomass of Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. has removed more than 99% of the supplemented Cr(VI). The kinetic study outcomes evidenced that the present fungal Cr(VI) biosorption is best fitting with the pseudo‐first‐order model with higher R2 values (i.e., 0.70–0.95) than that of the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model (R2 = 0.02–0.73). After analyzing the R2 values, it was observed that the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models best fit the Cr(VI) biosorption employing fungal biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the treatment of open-pit wastewater at mining enterprises, phenol is adsorbed on carbon sorbents, in equilibrium. The influence of minerals in the wastewater on this process is studied. At low phenol concentrations, inorganic compounds impede its adsorption. Iron and manganese ions have a particularly strong influence on phenol extraction. The basic adsorption parameters are calculated using the Freundlich and Dubinin–Astakhov equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a method to valorize abandoned mines whose traces were lost in the territory and in the collective memory. We selected two case studies in the Umbria region (central Italy) that were used as examples. The evidence of the presence of lignite mines on the Upper Tiber River Valley (northern Umbria) has been completely erased, and since they were located in rural areas, they represent an interesting challenge regarding recovering the memory of the places and proposing a no-longer-existent site as a geosite. The recovery and valorization of historical documents of the two lignite mines (Caiperino–Terranera and Carsuga) and their conversion into a digital format was carried out before constructing a geolocalized database in a GIS environment. This framework is the starting point for a promising dissemination process via a digital media app, using multimedia contents as video, 3D models and the principles of augmented reality (AR) to enhance the touristic or didactic experience and promote the cultural heritage of the territory by keeping the memory of 'ghost places'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmanli Arastirmalari is the property of Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of demining territories is very painful and relevant for all mankind, and especially for those countries that were in a state of armed confrontation or military conflict, because all civilians and soldiers, children and adults suffer from the unauthorized explosion of an explosive object. The purpose of the article is to conduct a well-founded and meaningful research in accordance with the specified topic, namely, regarding the activities of the countries of the world regarding the effective clearance of territories from explosive objects. During the scientific research and writing of the article, comparative, terminological, system-structural, statistical, dialectical, logical special and general scientific methods of scientific knowledge were used. In particular, the results of mine countermeasures of different countries of the world were specified using a comparative method; the system-structural method determines the sequence of presentation of the material from general information to more specific information; the statistical method was used for the analysis of actual data regarding the calculations of the features of mine action in various countries of the world in relation to Ukraine. The article proposes ways to implement mine countermeasures in Ukraine, taking into account world experience and features of the state's readiness for demining. The definition of the concept of mine action has been formulated. It was established that all mine action activities must be regulated in accordance with international legal acts. An analysis of the financial costs of mine action was carried out. It has been determined that it is necessary to conduct negotiations with specialized foreign organizations that would help organize the work on cleaning the territory of the state from explosive objects. The information presented in the article should be useful for scientists and practitioners studying the problems of mine action

Link for citation: Gorin N.V., Kuchinov V.P., Usanov S.V., Vasiliev A.P. Use of underground mines for disposal of radioactive waste of the 3rd and 4th classes. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 9, рр. 128-136. In Rus. Relevance. Searching for the sites for radioactive waste disposal was carried out during the Soviet times and slowed down after the breakup of the USSR. It is proposed to return to the achieved results in this area and to get back to work on radioactive waste disposal site selection, since the disposal facilities for radioactive waste of the 3rd and 4th classes under construction will not be able to cope with the predicted amount of radioactive waste. Purpose: to offer as one of possible solutions, to use the free space of exhausted mines for the disposal of radioactive waste of the 3rd and 4th classes, including exhausted mines at the existing mining enterprises, and to consider the conditions of their use; to pay special attention to promoting public awareness, since public opinion may prevail over all other arguments. Subjects: exhausted and operating mines, accumulated amount of radioactive waste in the world and in Russia, selection of reliable sources of information, domestic experience of nuclear waste disposal in exhausted mines. Methods. The paper considers the possibilities of nuclear waste disposal from the viewpoint of current regulations and mine operation experience. Results. It is shown that waste handling necessitates public consultations and informing the population. Reliable sources of information on the amount of radioactive waste of different classes generated in the Russian Federation, as well as on their distribution by region and major enterprises are provided. It is noted that the amount of radioactive waste is two orders of magnitude less than that of municipal solid waste, but radioactive waste attracts more public attention in the media, and this should be taken into account when handling it, and organizing its storage and disposal.

The accurate prediction of surface subsidence induced by coal mining is critical to safeguarding the environment and resources. However, the precision of current prediction models is often restricted by the lack of pertinent data or imprecise model parameters. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an approach to predicting mine subsidence that leverages Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology and the long short-term memory network (LSTM). The proposed approach utilizes small baseline multiple-master high-coherent target (SBMHCT) interferometric synthetic aperture radar technology to monitor the mine surface and applies the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm to construct the prediction model. The Shigouyi coalfield in Ningxia Province, China was chosen as a study area, and time series ground subsidence data were obtained based on Sentinel-1A data from 9 March 2015 to 7 June 2016. To evaluate the proposed approach, the prediction accuracies of LSTM and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were compared. The results show that the proposed approach could accurately predict mine subsidence, with maximum absolute errors of less than 2 cm and maximum relative errors of less than 6%. The findings demonstrate that combining InSAR technology with the LSTM algorithm is an effective and robust approach for predicting mine subsidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining of mineral resources will substantially destroy both the landscape and the ecosystem. This paper studied the characteristics of vegetation and soil in the ecological restoration of the Daliuta mine and compared the impact of different ecological restoration technologies (ecological bags, hollow bricks, geotextile cells, guest soil, shading net, and three-dimensional net) on the mining area. The correlation between vegetation and soil was analyzed by CCA ordination. The results indicated that the restoration method determined the dominant species and could regulate the structure of the community. The complexity of the community was affected by the restoration method, and natural restoration was better than artificial restoration. The change in soil mechanical composition in the study area was not obvious. In the upper soil layer (0 to 10 cm), the alien soil restoration method reported the highest soil organic matter content as compared to the natural condition and other restoration methods. Likewise, the natural restoration method reported the highest level of total potassium content. In the lower soil layer (10 to 20 cm), the alien soil restoration method reported higher levels of total potassium content than the natural condition and other artificial restoration methods. Community richness and average community height of the regression equation were significant. This indicated a significant and negative correlation between the average community height and total phosphorus content in the soil. In contrast, there was a significant and positive correlation with the available phosphorus content in the soil. Soil texture had a significant positive correlation with community richness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information about the extensive subterranean drilling in the Canary Islands, Spain for the purpose of finding underground water. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the geology and geotechnical properties of volcanic terrain. It highlights the challenges involved in drilling and excavating in volcanic terrain, including the need to preserve basaltic dikes and the limitations of using tunnel boring machines (TBMs).

Volatile organic compounds play an important role in air quality and human health. In this study, the characterization of volatile organic compounds in three sites viz., Blast Hole Drilling Yard, Conveyor Belt Yard and Belt Reconditioning Plant in a lignite mine were carried out. The entire sampling and analysis were carried out as per the compendium of methods to determine toxic organic compounds in ambient air (Compendium method TO-17). Probabilistic health risk assessment for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk was carried out using the Monte-Carlo method. The total volatile organic compounds present in blast-hole drilling, conveyor belt yard and belt reconditioning plant were observed to be 78, 57 and 2763.68 µg/m3, respectively. Chloroform was detected in higher concentrations in blast-hole drilling and conveyor belt yard, whereas toluene was detected at belt reconditioning plant. The levels of detected compounds were within the permissible limits as prescribed by the Indian and International agencies. The level of naphthalene is likely to cause non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects among the occupants of the belt reconditioning plant. The major contributor to the total carcinogenic risk in blast-hole drilling and conveyor belt yard was chloroform, contributing a mean risk of 1.43E−04 and 1.5E−04, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the concentration of pollutants is the most critical parameter in determining the output risk. The cleaning agents, degreasing agents, accelerators used in reconditioning, etc., may be the probable sources of volatile organic compounds in these microenvironments. The results obtained in the study highlight the requirement of a risk-based regulatory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problem of the stay of Chinese migrants on the territory of the Sretensky and Chita districts in the late 1920s. Due to the insufficient study of this topic, the paper aims to analyze the living conditions of Chinese workers in gold mines. The methodological basis of the work is the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. Moreover, the author uses historical and legal methods of scientific research. The study revealed that at the end of the 1920s, the Soviet leadership set the task of accelerating the development and modernization of the economy. Particular attention was paid to gold mining, as the most important branch of the mining industry in the Far Eastern region, requiring immediate restoration. To implement the tasks set by the state, labor was required. In connection with the emergence of objective difficulties in finding workers from the internal reserves of the country, the state authorities decided to attract Chinese migrants as a cheap labor force. Many sectors of the national economy experienced a shortage of workers, including the gold mining enterprises of Sretensky and Chita districts. In turn, due to the unfavorable economic conditions that developed in China at the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese citizens were forced to look for a source of income in a neighboring country. On the basis of published materials and documents obtained from the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the author comprehensively covers the life and work of Chinese workers on Soviet territory, as well as the difficulties they faced at the enterprises of the Territory. Due to the fact, that Chinese labor played an important role in mining enterprises, the author paid special attention to the study of working and living conditions of Chinese workers in the gold mines of Sretensky and Chita districts of the Far Eastern Territory. As a result, it was revealed that the main problems of Chinese workers were low wages, difficult working conditions, lack of adequate medical care, ethnic conflicts, inaction on the part of economic authorities, etc. The author pays special attention to the description of the unsatisfactory living conditions in which Chinese migrants had to work in gold mines. Despite the fact that these problems were not ignored by the mining management and government bodies, the measures taken were often untimely and insufficient, which forced Chinese migrants to seek employment of their labor in other enterprises of the region.

Le secteur minier reste le cœur de l’économie en République Démocratique du Congo. En dépit d’un environnement opérationnel difficile (difficultés d’approvisionnement en eau et en électricité et infrastructure d’évacuation des minerais peu performante), la ressource minérale abondante a expliqué, pour une large partie, les bonnes performances d’un secteur contribuant à plus de 80% des recettes d’exportation du pays. La demande mondiale du cobalt, pour lequel la République Démocratique du Congo est le principal producteur mondial (60% de l’offre mondiale), est très forte et résolument orientée à la hausse sur le long terme, compte tenu des besoins de l’industrie automobile dont la demande pourrait passer de 90 000 tonnes/ans à 122 000 tonnes/an à l’horizon 2025. Le code minier de 2002 était réputé très favorable à l’industrie minière. Le nouveau code minier, promulgué en mars 2018 l’est moins. Les grandes entreprises étrangères établies en République Démocratique du Congo ont tenté de s’opposer à certaines mesures retenues, en particulier la surpression de la « clause de stabilité». La nouvelle législation minière contient plusieurs innovations profitables aux populations locales. Ces dispositions, si elles sont bien appliquées, conduiront inévitablement au développement du pays. Cela exige que les problématiques de gouvernance et de gestion soit prises au sérieux de sorte qu’un accompagnement solide et une mise en place des structures institutionnelles adéquates soient la priorité dans le contexte d’un pays soumis à plusieurs défis.

Mining activities represent one of the main causes leading to subsidence in the natural and urban environment. Sustainable urban planning and detection of potential hazards in mining areas involve the use of adequate instruments such as the continuous monitoring of land subsidence. The complexity of urban environment demands the utilization of new methods for monitoring and quantifying the effects of the mining processes. In the last decades, considering the technological developments from the remote sensing domain, the Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques offer the opportunity for early detection and continuous monitoring of subsidence in mining areas, including urban centers. Considering various parameters of mining subsidence monitoring, a review of several tens of studies realized in different mining sites, based on InSAR techniques, is presented. As mining subsidence in urban areas has a direct impact on the quality of life, the review is completed with demographic indicators assessment, followed by a study case on the dynamics of the population in an urban mining area from Romania, Ocnele Mari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the essential factors in underground mining operations is safety during potential mine accidents, like fires, for example. We used Geographical Information System (GIS) for network analysis to identify the best escape routes from different locations inside an underground mine during a fire to a safe place inside or outside the mine. We created an effective evacuation system with a more accurate 2D model based on fire dynamics, the actual dimensions of the mine, and its related elements. We applied our system to the Maghara coal mine to predict the possible fire outbreak scenarios. Our results could be used as a guide to evacuation and rescue plans during harmful events in underground mines, especially fires. Our system is an integrated system that analyses potential fire scenarios and elects the best evacuation plan using GIS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of mine engineering, a cross-section topographic survey is usually carried out to perform volumetric calculations of earth movement in order to restore areas affected by extractive activities. Nowadays, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies make it possible to perform the same work by using indirect methods such as images obtained by photogrammetric flights. In this context, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are considered a very convenient option to develop mapping projects in short periods of time and to provide quality geospatial information such as Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and orthophotos of centimetric spatial resolution. In the present study, this approach has been applied in a gravel extraction area to obtain data for estimating the filling volume of material required for the restoration of the relief (DEM(r)). The estimation of the DEM(r) is later used to calculate a difference of height values (DEM(r)-DEM) that will serve as a variable in the basic operation of volume calculation. The novelty of the presented method is the simulation of a relief adapted to the surrounding morphology, including the derived channel network and the visibility impact, improving what would be a simple clogging. Likewise, the generation of 3D models allows visualizing a new morphological structure of the relief. The proposed approach, based on GIS tools, allows analyzing water flow connectivity integration of the DEM(r) with the environment and estimating potential landscape impacts from the main focuses of a visual basin, both of which are key aspects of restoration modeling that are not always properly addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a review of papers, presentations, expert opinions concerning a just transition of post-mining areas in the light of technical, economic, ecological and social aspects, which were the subject-matter of the International Scientific-and-Technical Conference, organized by the KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology in Gliwice, Poland and the IHP Hydraulics and Pneumatics Research Institute in Bucarest, Romania. The Conference participants concentrated their discussions both on the social effects of transition, on the economic aspects of activities concerning a collaboration of circummining companies as well as on technical and technological challenges in the mines already closed down or in those which are currently subject to the closing-down processes. Some possibilities of a reorientation of the mining plants towards generating and storage of green energy were presented. It should be borne in mind that a transition of the European Economy in the direction of more green and climate friendly is one of the most important objectives determined by the European Union. In particular, it is a big challenge for mining regions such as Silesia in Poland. The transition process includes a liquidation of underground workings and of the surface infrastructure and a series of indispensable activities oriented onto a restoration of the natural environment and a protection of mining plants areas against hazards which may occur after a termination of their operation. The article is ended with some information concerning a role research institutes in the just transition of post-mining areas and a new strategy of KOMAG as GREEN INSTITUTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]